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CN110726385B - Angular position detection device, angular position detection method and motor - Google Patents

Angular position detection device, angular position detection method and motor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110726385B
CN110726385B CN201810781873.9A CN201810781873A CN110726385B CN 110726385 B CN110726385 B CN 110726385B CN 201810781873 A CN201810781873 A CN 201810781873A CN 110726385 B CN110726385 B CN 110726385B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
electric machine
light
housing
light sensor
permanent magnet
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Active
Application number
CN201810781873.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN110726385A (en
Inventor
安贤嵘
臧晓云
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Priority to CN201810781873.9A priority Critical patent/CN110726385B/en
Priority to PCT/EP2019/067805 priority patent/WO2020016008A1/en
Publication of CN110726385A publication Critical patent/CN110726385A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/26Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses motor includes: a housing; a rotator rotatably installed in the housing; and an angular position detecting device, wherein the angular position detecting device includes a light emitter on a rotatable outer peripheral surface of the rotating body and a light sensor fixedly installed with respect to the housing and at a radial distance from the rotatable outer peripheral surface, a barrier fixed with respect to the housing is provided between the light emitter and the light sensor, and the barrier is formed with an opening so that the light sensor can receive only light emitted from the light emitter through the opening, the light emitters being at least three, which are circumferentially spaced apart so that a color or brightness of light received by the light sensor through the opening changes as a rotational position of the rotating body is changed, as viewed in a plane perpendicular to a rotational axis of the rotating body.

Description

Angular position detection device, angular position detection method and motor
Technical Field
The present application relates generally to an angular position detection device for an electric motor and an electric motor equipped with said detection device, and also to an angular position detection method.
Background
In order to drive the permanent magnet synchronous motor, field Oriented Control (FOC) is required. The precondition for achieving accurate magnetic field orientation control is the determination of the angular position of the rotor of the motor. While rotor angular position sensors, such as phase splitters, hall sensors, giant Magneto Resistance (GMR) sensors, or optical encoders, may be used to provide information about the angular position of the rotor, they are often costly and do not ensure the required high accuracy and cost for applications such as electric vehicles. Furthermore, some sensors require a specific space to install, for example giant magneto resistive sensors require a magnet to be arranged close to the sensor and the magnet is attached on one end of the rotor shaft, which makes the shaft elongate and unsuitable for the case where the shaft is hollow.
Therefore, there is a need to find a means to determine the angular position of the rotor with a higher accuracy, which is simple, at low cost and does not require additional space.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application aims to propose an improved optical angular position sensor so as to occupy a small space, be low in cost, and be high in accuracy when used in a motor.
According to one aspect of the present application, there is provided an electric machine, in particular a permanent magnet synchronous machine, comprising:
a housing;
a rotator rotatably installed in the housing; and
an angular position detecting device, wherein the angular position detecting device includes a light emitter on a rotatable outer peripheral surface of the rotating body and a light sensor fixedly installed with respect to the housing and at a radial distance from the rotatable outer peripheral surface, a barrier fixed with respect to the housing is provided between the light emitter and the light sensor, and the barrier is formed with an opening so that the light sensor can receive only light emitted from the light emitter through the opening, the light emitters are at least three, which are circumferentially spaced apart so that a color or brightness of the light received by the light sensor through the opening changes as a rotational position of the rotating body is changed, as viewed in a plane perpendicular to a rotational axis of the rotating body.
In the context of the present application, the rotatable outer circumferential surface of the rotating body refers to the outer circumferential surface of the rotating body parallel to its axis of rotation.
Optionally, the at least three light emitters are equiangularly spaced from each other along the circumferential direction, and the light sensor comprises a color sensor.
Optionally, the at least three light emitters are non-equiangularly spaced from each other along the circumferential direction, and the circumferential angle between two circumferentially adjacent light emitters is less than 180 °.
Alternatively, the light emitters are three light emitters capable of emitting red light, green light, and blue light, respectively, and are circumferentially spaced from each other by a circumferential angle of 120 °.
Optionally, the light emitter emits monochromatic light, and the light sensor includes a luminance sensor.
Alternatively, the light emitters can emit light of different colors.
Optionally, the light sensor comprises a color sensor.
Optionally, the light sensor includes a housing, and the barrier is formed by the housing.
Optionally, the barrier is disposed around the rotator.
Optionally, the rotating body is a rotor of the motor or a rotating shaft supporting the rotor.
Optionally, the light emitter is a light emitting diode.
Optionally, the light sensor is located within the housing.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided an angular position detection apparatus including:
at least three light emitters located on a rotatable outer peripheral surface of a rotating body, the at least three light emitters being circumferentially spaced apart from one another, wherein the rotating body is rotatably mounted within a housing; and
a light sensor fixedly installed with respect to the housing at a radial distance from the rotatable outer circumferential surface, a barrier fixed with respect to the housing being provided between the light emitter and the light sensor, and the barrier being formed with an opening such that the light sensor can receive only light emitted from the light emitter through the opening, the light emitter being configured such that a color or brightness of the light received by the light sensor through the opening changes as a rotational position of the rotating body changes.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is also provided a method for detecting an angular position of a rotating body, including:
a rotary body rotatably mounted in a housing;
a light emitter provided on a rotatable outer peripheral surface of the rotating body;
disposing a light sensor such that the light sensor is a radial distance from the rotatable outer peripheral surface;
a barrier fixed relative to the housing is provided between the light emitters and the light sensor, and an opening is formed in the barrier so that the light sensor can only receive light emitted from the light emitters through the opening, the light emitters being at least three, viewed in a plane perpendicular to the rotational axis of the rotating body, the at least three light emitters being circumferentially spaced so that the color or brightness of the light received by the light sensor through the opening varies with a change in the rotational position of the rotating body.
By adopting the technical scheme, the angle position of the motor rotating shaft can be simply, conveniently, high-precision and cheaply measured under the condition that the existing motor structure is not changed significantly.
Drawings
The foregoing and other aspects of the present application will be more fully understood from the following detailed description, taken together with the accompanying drawings. It is noted that the scale of the drawings may be different for clarity of illustration purposes, but this does not affect the understanding of the present application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 schematically shows an internal side view of an electric motor, wherein the motor is internally provided with an angular position detection device according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 schematically shows a distribution diagram of the angular position detection device for the device of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 schematically shows a distribution diagram of an angular position detection device according to another embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Features that are structurally identical or functionally similar are denoted by the same reference numerals in the various figures of the present application.
It should be clear to a person skilled in the art that the term "motor" referred to in the description refers to any motor where it is desired to determine the angular position of the rotor, including but not limited to permanent magnet synchronous motors.
Fig. 1 schematically shows an internal side view of an electric machine 1. The motor 1 includes a housing 10 (only partially shown), a stator (not shown) fixed within the housing 10, and a rotor 20 rotatably mounted within the housing 10. The rotor 20 includes a rotation shaft 30 rotatably supported with respect to the housing 10. According to one embodiment of the present application, the motor 1 further comprises an angular position detection device 100 arranged inside the housing 10.
As further shown in fig. 2, the angular position detection device 100 includes three light emitters 101, 102, and 103 mounted on the circumferential side of the rotating shaft 30 of the rotor 20 and a light sensor 104 fixedly arranged with respect to the housing 10. In the present application, three light emitters 101, 102 and 103 are capable of emitting red, green and blue light, respectively. It is particularly preferred that the three light emitters 101, 102 and 103 are red, green and blue LED (light emitting diode) light emitters, respectively.
The three light emitters 101, 102 and 103 are located substantially in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 30 and are spaced from each other by the same circumferential angle, i.e. 120 °. Furthermore, the light sensor 104 is coplanar with the three light emitters 101, 102 and 103. The light sensor 104 includes a housing 104a and a color sensor 104b disposed within the housing 104 a. In addition, an opening 104c is provided in the housing 104 a. Any one of the three light emitters 101, 102 and 103 can be aligned with the opening 104c when the shaft 30 is rotated. The opening 104c is, for example, in the shape of a slit parallel to the central axis of the shaft 30, and the width of the slit is preferably several micrometers to several millimeters, and the minimum width of the slit through which the light emitted from the light emitter can pass is preferably the minimum width.
The color sensor 104b may be, for example, any type of color sensor currently available on the market, such as TCS34725. In particular, the color sensor may identify sensed output values of red, green, blue light, i.e., RGB values. For example, when pure red light is input into the opening 104c, the RGB value of the color sensor output is [255, 0]; when pure green light is input into the opening 104c, the RGB value of the color sensor output is [0,255,0]; when pure blue light is input into the opening 104c, the RGB value of the color sensor output is [0,0,255]. When the color of the input light is between red and green, the RGB value of the color sensor output may be a value between [255, 0] and [0,255,0 ]. The RGB value is understood here to be a three-dimensional vector value, [ x, y, z ], where x, y, z are integers between 0 and 255, respectively.
Each of the light emitters 101, 102 and 103 is connected via wires (not shown) to a power source (not shown), and they and the color sensor 104b are in data connection with an electronic control unit (not shown). The electronic control unit is used to control the activation of the light emitters and receive the output RGB data from the color sensor 104b. Thus, when the rotation shaft 30 of the motor is stationary, the respective light emitters 101, 102 and 103 are activated first, and the corresponding RGB values are recorded by the color sensor 104b, so that the initial angular position of the rotation shaft 30 can be determined. After a certain time of rotation of the rotating shaft 30 of the motor, each of the light emitters 101, 102 and 103 is activated again when the rotating shaft 30 is stationary again, and the corresponding RGB values are recorded by the color sensor 104b, whereby the current angular position of the rotating shaft 30 can be determined. With the above-described photo sensor 104, therefore, theoretically, the circumferential position of the rotary shaft 30 can be measured with accuracy up to 360 ° (256 x 256)/(0.00002).
In an alternative embodiment, the three light emitters 101, 102 and 103 may also be mounted directly on the rotor windings of the rotor 20. For example, the light emitter may be mounted on a rotatable outer peripheral surface of a rotating body within the housing 10, wherein the rotor 20 or the rotating shaft 30 may constitute the rotating body. The rotatable outer peripheral surface is parallel to the central rotation axis of the rotating body. Alternatively, the light sensor 104 may be mounted on the stator of the motor.
Although in the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the three light emitters 101, 102, and 103 are circumferentially evenly spaced from one another, in an alternative embodiment, the three light emitters 101, 102, and 103 may be circumferentially spaced from one another at different angles. For example, as shown in fig. 3, in another embodiment, the emitters 101, 102 may be spaced apart by a circumferential angle of 110 ° and the emitters 101, 103 may be spaced apart by a circumferential angle of 110 ° as long as a circumferential angle of less than 180 ° between two circumferentially adjacent emitters is ensured. In the case of such an asymmetric arrangement as shown in fig. 3, by calibration in advance, the angular position of the rotation shaft 30 can also be determined from the RGB values of the light input into the opening 104c of the light sensor 104 when the light emitter on the rotation shaft 30 emits light.
In the illustrated embodiment, when the light emitters 101, 102, and 103 emit light, the light passes through the opening 104c of the light sensor 104 and is received by the color sensor 104b of the light sensor 104. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that in an alternative embodiment, a cylinder fixed relative to the housing 10 may be provided around the light emitters 101, 102, and 103, and an opening similar to the opening 104c may be provided in the cylinder, such that when the light emitters 101, 102, and 103 emit light, different colors of light may be observed through the opening and received by the color sensor 104b as the rotation shaft 30 rotates to different positions. In this alternative embodiment, the opening 104c of the photo sensor 104 may also be omitted. Thus, both the housing 104a shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 and the cylinder described above form a barrier so that the sensor in the light sensor can only receive light from the light emitter through the opening.
In alternative embodiments, the light emitters may be arranged to emit light of other colors in addition to red, green and blue light. In addition, the number of the light emitters is not limited to three, but may be more. Furthermore, in an alternative embodiment, each light emitter may emit monochromatic light, such as white light, and the color sensor 104b of the angular position detection apparatus 100 is replaced by a luminance sensor; further, the individual light emitters can be arranged unevenly spaced about the rotational axis 30 in a manner as shown in fig. 3, but it is necessary to ensure that the circumferential angle between two circumferentially adjacent light emitters is less than 180 °. Thus, at any angular position of the shaft 30, the intensity of the light emitted by the light emitter is different at the position of the luminance sensor. In this way, the angular position of the rotation shaft 30 can also be determined by the luminance sensor.
Furthermore, although in the illustrated embodiment the light sensor 104 is located on the inner wall of the housing 10, in alternative embodiments the light sensor 104 may be located on the outer wall of the housing 10 with a through hole in the outer wall in communication with the opening 104c.
It will be clear to a person skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with each other arbitrarily. Although specific embodiments of the present application have been described in detail herein, they are presented for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. Furthermore, it should be clear to a person skilled in the art that the embodiments described in the present specification can be used in combination with each other. Various substitutions, alterations, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the application.

Claims (53)

1. An electric machine (1) comprising:
a housing (10);
a rotator rotatably mounted in the housing (10); and
an angular position detecting device (100), wherein the angular position detecting device includes a light emitter on a rotatable outer peripheral surface of the rotating body and a light sensor fixedly installed with respect to the housing (10) and at a radial distance from the rotatable outer peripheral surface, a barrier fixed with respect to the housing (10) is provided between the light emitter and the light sensor, and the barrier is formed with an opening (104 c) so that the light sensor can receive only light emitted from the light emitter through the opening (104 c), the light emitters are at least three, which are spaced apart in a circumferential direction so that a color or brightness of the light received by the light sensor through the opening (104 c) changes with a change in a rotational position of the rotating body, as viewed in a plane perpendicular to a rotational axis of the rotating body.
2. The electric machine (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least three light emitters are equiangularly spaced from each other along the circumferential direction, and the light sensor comprises a color sensor (104 b).
3. The electric machine (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least three light emitters are circumferentially non-equiangularly spaced from each other and the circumferential angle between two circumferentially adjacent light emitters is less than 180 °.
4. The electric machine (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the light emitters are three light emitters, each capable of emitting red, green and blue light, and are circumferentially spaced from each other by a circumferential angle of 120 °.
5. The electric machine (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the light emitter emits monochromatic light and the light sensor comprises a brightness sensor.
6. A motor (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the light emitter emits monochromatic light and the light sensor comprises a brightness sensor.
7. A motor (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the light emitters are capable of emitting light of different colors.
8. The electric machine (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the light sensor comprises a color sensor (104 b).
9. The electric machine (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the light sensor comprises a housing (104 a), the barrier being constituted by the housing (104 a).
10. An electric machine (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the barrier is arranged around the rotating body.
11. The electric machine (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the rotating body is a rotor (20) of the electric machine (1) or a rotating shaft (30) supporting the rotor (20).
12. The electric machine (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the rotating body is a rotor (20) of the electric machine (1) or a rotating shaft (30) supporting the rotor (20).
13. The electric machine (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the rotating body is a rotor (20) of the electric machine (1) or a rotating shaft (30) supporting the rotor (20).
14. The electric machine (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the light emitters are light emitting diodes.
15. An electric machine (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the light emitters are light emitting diodes.
16. The electric machine (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the light emitter is a light emitting diode.
17. The electric machine (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that the light emitter is a light emitting diode.
18. The electric machine (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the light emitter is a light emitting diode.
19. The electric machine (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that the light emitter is a light emitting diode.
20. The electric machine (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the light sensor is located within the housing (10).
21. The electric machine (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the light sensor is located within the housing (10).
22. The electric machine (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the light sensor is located within the housing (10).
23. The electric machine (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that the light sensor is located within the housing (10).
24. The electric machine (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the light sensor is located within the housing (10).
25. The electric machine (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that the light sensor is located within the housing (10).
26. The electric machine (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that the light sensor is located within the housing (10).
27. The electric machine (1) according to claim 15, characterized in that the light sensor is located within the housing (10).
28. The electric machine (1) according to claim 16, characterized in that the light sensor is located within the housing (10).
29. The electric machine (1) according to claim 17, characterized in that the light sensor is located within the housing (10).
30. The electric machine (1) according to claim 18, characterized in that the light sensor is located within the housing (10).
31. The electric machine (1) according to claim 19, characterized in that the light sensor is located within the housing (10).
32. The electric machine (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous machine.
33. An electric machine (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
34. The electric machine (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
35. The electric machine (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
36. The electric machine (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
37. The electric machine (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
38. The electric machine (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
39. The electric machine (1) according to claim 17, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
40. The electric machine (1) according to claim 18, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
41. The electric machine (1) according to claim 19, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
42. The electric machine (1) according to claim 20, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
43. The electric machine (1) according to claim 21, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
44. The electric machine (1) according to claim 22, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
45. The electric machine (1) according to claim 23, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
46. The electric machine (1) according to claim 24, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
47. The electric machine (1) according to claim 25, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
48. The electric machine (1) according to claim 26, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
49. The electric machine (1) according to claim 27, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
50. The electric machine (1) according to claim 28, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
51. The electric machine (1) according to claim 29, characterized in that the electric machine is a permanent magnet synchronous electric machine.
52. An angular position detection apparatus comprising:
at least three light emitters located on a rotatable outer peripheral surface of a rotating body, the at least three light emitters being circumferentially spaced apart from each other, wherein the rotating body is rotatably mounted within a housing (10); and
a light sensor fixedly mounted with respect to the housing (10) at a radial distance from the rotatable outer peripheral surface, a barrier fixed with respect to the housing (10) being provided between the light emitter and the light sensor, and the barrier being formed with an opening (104 c) so that the light sensor can only receive light emitted by the light emitter through the opening (104 c), the light emitter being configured such that the color or brightness of the light received by the light sensor through the opening (104 c) changes with a change in the rotational position of the rotating body.
53. A method for detecting an angular position of a rotating body, comprising:
a rotary body is rotatably mounted in a housing (10);
a light emitter provided on a rotatable outer peripheral surface of the rotating body;
disposing a light sensor such that the light sensor is a radial distance from the rotatable outer peripheral surface;
a barrier fixed relative to the housing (10) is provided between the light emitters and the light sensor, and an opening (104 c) is formed in the barrier so that the light sensor can only receive light emitted by the light emitters through the opening (104 c), the light emitters being at least three, viewed in a plane perpendicular to the rotational axis of the rotational body, the at least three light emitters being circumferentially spaced so that the color or brightness of light received by the light sensor through the opening (104 c) varies with the rotational position of the rotational body.
CN201810781873.9A 2018-07-17 2018-07-17 Angular position detection device, angular position detection method and motor Active CN110726385B (en)

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CN201810781873.9A CN110726385B (en) 2018-07-17 2018-07-17 Angular position detection device, angular position detection method and motor
PCT/EP2019/067805 WO2020016008A1 (en) 2018-07-17 2019-07-03 Angular position detection apparatus, method and electric machine

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN110726385B true CN110726385B (en) 2023-08-04

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