CN110719006A - Alternating current permanent magnet motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an AC permanent magnet motor, comprising a stator, a rotor, a casing and an external controller. The stator silicon steel magnetic core has a slot and several identical coil windings, the magnetic core is provided with a groove, and the stator permanent magnet is installed in the groove. The magnet, the groove has two types of closed opening and opening, which are superimposed on each other to form a stator fence-shaped magnetic core. Several identical coil units form a three-phase stator coil, and a movable permanent magnet assembly is installed on the stator core; the rotor includes a rotor silicon steel core, a closed squirrel cage and a rotor permanent magnet, and the controller outputs three phases with the same positive and negative sine waves Or ladder-wave pulse half-wave power supply, the present invention is green, environmentally friendly, energy-saving and safe, low in use cost, can work stably for a long time in an airless environment, is widely used in various power equipment, and has high social and economic value.

Description

An AC permanent magnet motor

technical field

The invention relates to a permanent magnet motor which indirectly converts magnetic energy into mechanical energy, in particular to an alternating current permanent magnet motor, which belongs to the technical field of superposition of electromagnetic fields and rare earth permanent magnet fields.

Background technique

At present, rare earth NdFeB permanent magnets are used on the rotor of the permanent magnet motor to replace the electromagnetic field of the excitation coil, which saves electricity more than the traditional old-fashioned motor. The unsafe accident of burning the winding, so it is necessary to continue to further study the power-saving scheme to ensure that the motor is more efficient and safe. In view of the above problems, starting from the existing permanent magnet motor, it is possible to use permanent magnets in the stator coils to make it work with The permanent magnet on the rotor, on the basis of following the electromagnetic principle, superimposes to form a new changing composite magnetic field, so that the new changing composite magnetic field interacts with the magnetic field on the rotor and rotates to do external work? According to the patent number ZL201720376551.7 AC permanent magnet motor, a new device was innovatively designed in the process of prototype production, which can further improve the efficiency and better make the electromagnetic field and the permanent magnetic field interfere with each other. Features, to achieve the replacement effect of the field of power machinery and equipment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention aims to provide a green, safe, novel structure, and reliable AC permanent magnet motor system for the above-mentioned problems. The permanent magnet is installed in the silicon steel laminated core in the stator coil, and the traditional motor Each phase of the single AC coil is designed and made into two separate DC coils, one single DC coil is limited to the forward pulse direct current directly connected to the full-wave rectification, and the other separate DC coil is limited to be directly connected to the full-wave rectification. The other half-amplitude negative pulse direct current, so that one of the two separate DC coils is energized, and the other is in a power-off state to run alternately with each other. The pulsed electromagnetic field generated by energization and the permanent magnetic field of the permanent magnet are superimposed to form a new composite magnetic field of dynamic pulses. The surface magnetic polarities of the two DC coils are opposite, and the three-phase AC power supply is connected to the stator coils respectively through full-wave rectification. For each corresponding terminal, the composite magnetic field generated at the air gap position is a fluctuating pulse magnetic field. The composite magnetic field has the characteristics of a rotating magnetic field under the condition of three-phase phase angle, so that the metal squirrel cage frame on the rotor is affected by the dynamic magnetic field. It rotates and determines the direction of rotation. There are also a number of permanent magnet combinations on the rotor that are rotated by the composite magnetic field of the stator, or the battery pack is connected to the corresponding terminals in the stator coil through inverter oscillation and rectification, and then the frequency of 50zh and 120 are added. The degree difference angle generates a rotating magnetic field to make the rotor rotate to do work, and the frequency and the difference angle are designed to be adjustable; the innovation and improvement content is: the invention consists of an AC permanent magnet motor, including a stator, a rotor and a casing and an external controller. It consists of two parts. The silicon steel laminated core of the stator has several wire slots. The magnetic core has the same grooves. The same winding coils are embedded in the wire slots. Each single phase is adjacent to two identical coil grooves. The center of the magnetic core is only separated by a distance of a line slot, and the surface magnetic polarities of the permanent magnets installed in the adjacent grooves are different. One of the two adjacent coils of each single phase is connected to the positive pulse DC current, and the other is connected to the reverse direction. The polarity of the electromagnetic field generated in the two coils is also opposite, the polarity of the permanent magnet installed in the two coils must be the same as the polarity of the electromagnetic field of the DC coil, and the dimensions and magnetic parameters of each permanent magnet are also Basically the same, so that the new composite magnetic field generated by the polarity of the electromagnetic field of each coil and the permanent magnetic field is enhanced by the principle of magnetic field addition. The magnet has the function of magnetization protection, and the permanent magnet will not be demagnetized. The shape of the three wire slots of the two identical coils adjacent to each single phase on the silicon steel laminated core of the stator is different, and the middle of the two grooves is a complete The shape of the wire slot, the diameter of the wire entering the complete wire slot is longer, the main reason is to give the position of the magnetic core to the grooves on both sides, so that the positions of the magnetic cores of the two DC coils are as close as possible, which is conducive to the instantaneous switching of the two electromagnetic fields. Reduce the pulse width, the shape of the other two sides of the wire slot is half a wire slot, because the two coils are embedded in the complete wire slot in the middle, which is a double-layer winding, and the other two sides of the wire slot are embedded in one. coil The single side of the coil is a single-layer winding, which consists of several groups of such two identical coils and magnetic cores that are respectively supplied with forward or reverse current to form a coil unit, and 2N identical coil units form the same phase coil. Three groups of the same phase sequence coils form an A10, B10, C10 and A-, B-, C- and O lines. This kind of positive and negative relatively combined stator three-phase coils and several integer multiples of the same coils are formed. The complete stator coil of the motor, the stator coil is respectively embedded in the magnetic core slot formed by the stator silicon steel laminated sheet, the coil is embedded in double-layer, single-layer or multi-layer, and several pieces of the same polarity are installed in each stator core groove The permanent magnets installed in the adjacent coil cores have opposite polarities. The grooves machined from a single silicon steel sheet have two shapes, one is an open groove, and the other is a closed groove. After the two different grooves are alternately stacked, the surface of the magnetic core presents a fence hollow-core shape, so that the permanent magnets installed in the grooves are exposed alternately with obvious gaps, and the exposed area is larger than half of the permanent magnet monopole area. The parameters of each group of coils of the stator are exactly the same, the star connection method, the outlet is a three-phase one-zero method, for example: the stator has 12 slots and 4 poles, the coil is connected in a star configuration, and the outlet is two sets of A, B, and C phase sequences. The stator coil is composed of two sets of identical 6-slot 2-pole coils, and the two sets of 6-slot 2-pole A, B, and C phase sequence lines are connected to positive current and negative direction respectively. The current and current waveforms are the same positive and negative half-waveforms of the same sine wave or ladder wave and correction wave pulse, respectively. The coil current waveform and pulse interval are all different from each other by five cycles. The power supply characteristic of each individual phase sequence input is the pulsed magnetomotive force. The amplitude is at the axis of the phase winding and the position is fixed. The two positive and negative half waveforms are observed on the oscilloscope and synthesized into a complete pulsed sine wave or ladder wave and correction wave, and the three single-phase magnetic potentials are added to obtain three-phase. The synthetic magnetic potential of the winding, the synthetic 12-slot, 4-pole, and three-phase wires A, B, and C have a potential angle difference of 120 degrees, and the frequency is 20-400Hz, which is convenient for speed regulation. The characteristics of DC current, there is a distinction between positive and negative poles, the wrong connection will be burned! When the connector is exchanged, the positive and negative two connectors A1 and A- of the phase sequence should be exchanged with another phase sequence B10 and B- at the same time, or with C10 and C-, which can change the rotation direction of the motor; provide a The power supply of the AC permanent magnet motor is input by the controller. The controller has several series of products according to the power supply and configuration. The power supply to the controller is divided into municipal three-phase power supply or battery DC power supply or solar cell and other power sources. The input is The three-phase AC power supply is directly connected to the matching controller for output after rectification. The input power supply is DC power, which needs to be oscillated by the inverter first, and then input to the controller for rectification and output. The main basic circuit of rectification in the controller is a three-phase full The controlled rectifier circuit generates three-phase sine pulse half-wave. According to the different requirements of the power supply voltage, current and power, the electronic components and circuits in the three-phase fully-controlled rectifier basic circuit are adjusted accordingly, such as: three-phase fully-controlled two The polar thyristor rectifier circuit is mainly used for low-power motors, the three-phase fully-controlled MOS tube rectifier circuit is mainly used for medium and small power motors, and the three-phase fully-controlled IGBT tube rectifier circuit is mainly used for large and medium-power motors. In order to improve the power supply quality, the controller needs to go through control logic, frequency conversion and frequency modulation, pulse width adjustment, voltage regulation and current regulation, filter circuit, intelligent control circuit adjustment and super capacitor charging and discharging during the rectification process. The circuit switch and other components form the control center integrator. The supercapacitor with appropriate capacity has a great effect on instantaneously improving the electromagnetic field strength of the stator DC coil, which can directly affect the instantaneous output power of the rotor. There are several connected intelligent control circuits on the controller to adjust The socket, which respectively has the upper half waveform and the lower half waveform of the half sine wave or the ladder wave and the correction wave pulse current, separately supplies the two combined paired coils in the stator coil of an AC permanent magnet motor, and is adjacent to each single phase. On the surfaces of the two energized coil units, one generates an N-pole electromagnetic field and the N-pole permanent magnet magnetic field installed in the groove forms a new N-pole composite magnetic field, while the other generates an S-pole electromagnetic field and the S-pole electromagnetic field installed in the groove. The pole permanent magnet magnetic field forms a new S-pole composite magnetic field. This new composite magnetic field is neither the original electromagnetic field nor the original permanent permanent magnetic field. It is a dynamic electromagnetic waveform with the original electromagnetic field, and the magnetic field strength The new multiple dynamic composite magnetic field is larger than the original electromagnetic field and the permanent magnet constant magnetic field. This dynamic composite magnetic field adds the permanent magnet constant magnetic field with the design-controlled dynamic magnetic field characteristics due to the addition of the permanent magnetic constant magnetic field. The sine half-waves of the pulse currents of the coil units that make up a pair are synthesized to form a complete single-phase sine wave or gradient wave and the modified wave pulse magnetomotive force. Similar to three-phase sine wave current or a complete set of trapezoidal wave and correction wave composite electromagnetic field, a rotating magnetic field is generated; the silicon steel laminate of an AC permanent magnet motor rotor has a squirrel cage structure composed of copper or aluminum. There are grooves on the rotor silicon steel laminated sheet in the squirrel cage bar gap, and the groove surface has two corner protectors, which is conducive to the stable installation of the permanent magnet, and the installation in the groove is sag. The permanent magnet has an inclination angle due to the inclination angle of the rotor. The width of each groove is 1-1.3 times larger than the outer size of the two adjacent magnetic cores on the stator. The squirrel cage bars and grooves have an inclination angle in half Within the range from one slot to two slots, the ratio of the number of stator and rotor slots adopts the design of a conventional AC motor. The closed squirrel cage bars on the rotor drive the rotor to rotate in the same direction due to the torque generated by cutting the rotating magnetic field lines, which can determine the rotation direction of zero start. At the same time, the permanent magnet of the stator is also driven by the composite magnetic field of the stator to drive the rotor to rotate, or the rotor steel ring is only equipped with permanent magnets and is directly glued. , 24, 48, 96, 192, 384 are integer multiples of N of 6 and so on; the movable permanent magnet assembly installed on the stator has a certain function of accumulating and regulating kinetic energy in the sliding state, which can appropriately prolong the sliding time and distance. , generally 3 are a group of 120 degrees, suitable for medium and low speed conditions, high-speed state spring response can not keep up and should not be used; in order to dissipate heat, the surface of an AC permanent magnet motor shell is made with wrinkles and patterns to increase the surface area of the shell, and inside the rotor A fixed fan blade is attached; an AC permanent magnet motor has a stator-type structure in a rotating casing or a fixed-rotating inner-pivot-type structure in the outer casing. The inner casing structure of the rotor and stator is designed and set according to the requirements of the supporting equipment, so as to meet the equipment requirements. The general requirements of the coil winding; its stator coil winding terminals are pre-connected to 6 live wire plugs and 1 neutral wire plug in a total of 7 special plugs according to the design requirements. When using the special plug Insert it into the corresponding special socket. The number of metal rods and the shape and size of the section of the special plug are exactly the same as the holes of the special socket. The power output wire of the controller is connected to 6 live wire jacks and 1 neutral wire jack. It is not only convenient to use, but also safe and reliable; in conclusion: the controller is required to output several groups of pulsed sine half-wave direct current to supply the stator coil, and the three-phase alternating current electromagnetic field is formed in a comprehensive and orderly manner in several groups of stator coils. In the form of waveform characteristics, a rotating magnetic field is formed at the air gap, so that the rotor is forced to rotate and output power.

The technical scheme provided by the invention is: an AC permanent magnet motor, which includes a stator, a rotor, a casing and an external controller. In the same groove, the same winding coil is embedded in the wire groove. The magnetic cores of the two adjacent same coil grooves of each single phase are only separated by a distance of the wire inlet of the wire groove. The surface magnetic poles of the permanent magnets installed in the adjacent grooves One of the two coils adjacent to each single phase is connected to the forward pulse DC, and the other is connected to the reverse pulse DC, so that one of the two separate DC coils is energized, and the other is in a power-off state to run alternately. In this way, the polarities of the electromagnetic fields generated in the two coils are also opposite. The polarities of the permanent magnets installed in the two coils must be the same as the polarities of the electromagnetic fields of the DC coil, and the dimensions and magnetic parameters of each permanent magnet are basically the same. The new composite magnetic field generated by the polarity of the electromagnetic field of each coil and the permanent magnetic field is enhanced due to the principle of magnetic field addition. This composite magnetic field is not only strengthened compared with the original single magnetic field, but also the electromagnetic field can magnetize the permanent magnet. Protective effect, the permanent magnet will not be demagnetized; when the energized coil is de-energized, a back electromotive force and a reverse electromagnetic field will be generated. The polarity is opposite, the composite magnetic field generated at this moment is negative superposition and subtraction, which can reduce the reluctance of the permanent magnet on the rotor at this moment, which is beneficial to the operation of the rotor; on the silicon steel laminated core of the stator, two adjacent to each single phase The three wire slots of the same coil have different shapes. A complete wire slot is located in the middle of the two grooves. The wire entry diameter of the complete wire slot is longer. The magnetic cores of the two DC coils are positioned as close as possible, which is beneficial to reduce the pulse width of the two electromagnetic fields when they are switched instantaneously. In the complete wire slot, there is a double-layer winding, while the other two sides of the wire slot are embedded with a single side of a coil, which is a single-layer winding. The magnetic core is combined to form a coil unit, and the same phase coil is formed by 2N identical coil units. Every three groups of the same phase sequence coils form an A ten, B ten, C ten and A-, B-, C- and O lines , the stator three-phase coil of this positive and negative relative combination, and several integer multiples of the same coil constitute the complete stator coil of the motor.

In the described AC permanent magnet motor, the stator coils are respectively embedded in the magnetic core wire slots formed by the stator silicon steel laminated sheets, the coils are wound with enameled copper wires or bars, and the coils are embedded in double-layer, single-layer or multi-layer. , a number of permanent magnets of the same polarity are installed in the same groove of each stator core, and the permanent magnets installed in the adjacent coil cores have opposite polarities. The grooves machined from a single silicon steel sheet have two shapes. One is an open groove and the other is a closed groove. The surface of the magnetic core after the two different grooves are alternately stacked presents a fence hollow shape, so that the permanent magnet installed in the groove has obvious gaps. Alternately exposed, the exposed area is larger than half of the permanent magnet monopole area. After the permanent magnet is installed in the groove, different magnetic field strengths are generated at the air gap of the stator. The magnetic intensity when energized, the magnetic intensity when the coil is energized, the magnetic intensity of the composite magnetic field, the magnetic field intensity of the open groove is lower than the magnetic field intensity of the sealed groove, and there will still be weak magnetic field fluctuations at the air gap when the power is off. When energized, the air gap is covered by a strong composite magnetic field; the parameters of each group of coils of the stator are exactly the same. Connection method, the outgoing lines are two sets of A, B, C phase sequence lines, a zero line has a total of 7 outgoing lines, the stator coil is composed of two sets of the same 6-slot 2-pole coils, two sets of 6-slot 2-pole A, B , C phase sequence lines are respectively connected to positive current and negative current, the current waveforms are the same positive and negative half-waveforms of sine wave or ladder wave and correction wave pulse type respectively, the coil current waveform and pulse interval are all different by 100 cycles, each The power supply characteristic of a single phase sequence input is that the amplitude of the pulsed magnetomotive force is at the axis of the phase winding and the position is fixed. The two positive and negative half waveforms are observed on the oscilloscope and synthesized into a complete pulsed sine wave or ladder wave and correction wave , the three single-phase magnetic potentials are added to obtain the composite magnetic potential of the three-phase winding. The resulting 12-slot 4-pole three-phase wires A, B, and C have a potential angle difference of 120 degrees, and a frequency of 20-400Hz to facilitate speed regulation. They cannot be interchanged with each other, because the input half-wave current belongs to the characteristics of DC current, and there is a distinction between positive and negative poles. If the wrong connection is made, it will be burned! When the joint is exchanged, the positive and negative two joints A ten and A- of the phase sequence should be exchanged with another phase sequence B ten and B- at the same time, or with C ten and C-, the rotation direction can be changed; the stator permanent magnet is installed In the silicon steel groove, an aluminum plate is used to isolate the magnetic field on the side to prevent the leakage of the permanent magnetic field, and a high thermal conductivity graphite film material is used to cover the heat dissipation. In order to save electric energy, the electromagnetic field strength generated by the energized coil must be close to or less than the value of the magnetic field strength value when the permanent magnet on the surface of the stator sealing groove is de-energized; the effective magnetic length L of the stator is determined by a whole section or several The same segment structure is conducive to the optimization of the slenderness ratio; there is a movable permanent magnet assembly installed on the stator, which has a certain function of storing and adjusting kinetic energy. Generally, 3 pieces are in a group of 120 degrees, which is suitable for medium and low speed conditions. The fixed-speed cruise is not suitable for the high-speed state spring response cannot keep up; or only the stator coil unit is installed on the stator core; or the half-line slot on both sides of the stator coil unit is designed as a complete line slot, that is, in the middle of the two grooves. The diameter of the entry diameter of the complete slot is extended, and the position is retreated, so that the two grooves are close to each other. The diameter of the entry diameter of the complete slot on both sides of the groove is very short and close to the edge of the stator. The coil windings in these three slots are all double-layer windings. Several stator coil units form a complete stator core, which shows that the performance of the stator core composed of stator coil units can adapt to the principle of diversity; when the machine is stopped and stationary, it should be rotated by hand to prevent locking. In order to dissipate heat, wrinkles and The pattern increases the surface area of the shell; the laminated silicon steel sheet and the coil need to be insulated.

For the AC permanent magnet motor, the power supply is input by the controller. The controller has several series of products according to the power supply and configuration. The power supply to the controller is divided into municipal three-phase power supply or battery DC power supply or solar cell, etc. A variety of power sources, if the input is three-phase AC power, it is directly connected to the matching controller and then output after rectification; The main basic circuit of rectification is a three-phase fully-controlled rectification circuit, which generates a three-phase sinusoidal pulse half-wave. According to the different requirements of the power supply voltage, current and power, the electronic components and circuits in the three-phase fully-controlled rectification basic circuit are made accordingly. Adjustment, for example: the three-phase fully-controlled diode thyristor rectifier circuit is mainly used for low-power motors, the three-phase fully-controlled MOS tube rectifier circuit is mainly used for small and medium-power motors, and the three-phase fully-controlled IGBT tube rectifier circuit is mainly used for large and medium power motors. It should be undertaken by a more complex integrated rectifier circuit to form different series of products of the controller; in order to improve the power supply quality, the controller also needs to go through control logic, frequency conversion and frequency modulation, pulse width adjustment, voltage stabilization and current stabilization, filter circuit, The control center integrator is composed of intelligent control circuit adjustment and supercapacitor charging and discharging circuit switch. The supercapacitor with appropriate capacity can instantly increase the electromagnetic field strength of the stator DC coil, which directly affects the instantaneous output power of the rotor. Connect the adjustment socket of the intelligent control circuit, and separately supply the half sine wave or ladder wave and correction wave pulse current with the upper half waveform and the lower half waveform respectively to the two combined paired coils in the stator coil. On the surfaces of the two energized coil units, one generates an N-pole electromagnetic field and the N-pole permanent magnet magnetic field installed in the groove forms a new N-pole composite magnetic field, while the other generates an S-pole electromagnetic field and the S-pole installed in the groove. The permanent magnet magnetic field forms a new S-pole composite magnetic field. This new composite magnetic field is neither the original electromagnetic field nor the original permanent permanent magnetic field. It is a dynamic electromagnetic waveform with the original electromagnetic field. A new multiple dynamic composite magnetic field that is greater than the original electromagnetic field and permanent magnet constant magnetic field, and the two sets of coil units energized at the same time are energized at the same time. The pulsed magnetomotive force, and the current with the potential angle difference of 120 degrees is passed in, and the adjustable basic frequency is 50HZ, which is similar to the three-phase sine wave current or a complete set of trapezoidal wave and correction wave composite electromagnetic field. alternating rotating magnetic field.

For the AC permanent magnet motor, the terminals of several lead wires of the stator coil winding are connected to special plugs in advance according to design requirements, and the special plugs are inserted into the corresponding 7-hole special sockets when in use. The number and cross-sectional shape and size of the metal rods of the special plug are exactly the same as the holes of the special socket. The power output line of the controller and other function control output lines are pre-connected to the special socket according to the design requirements, and should comply with the GB standard for safety appliances.

In the described AC permanent magnet motor, the silicon steel laminated sheet of the rotor has a squirrel cage structure composed of copper material or aluminum material, and a groove is opened on the silicon steel laminated sheet of the rotor in the gap between the squirrel cage bars, and the groove surface has a shape of The two corner guards are conducive to the stable installation of the permanent magnet. The sunken permanent magnet is installed in the groove. The permanent magnet has an inclined angle due to the inclination angle of the rotor. The outer size of the core groove is 1-1.3 times, and the squirrel cage bars and grooves have an inclination angle in the range of half-slot to two-slots. The ratio of the number of stator and rotor slots adopts the design of conventional AC motors. The torque generated by the rotating magnetic lines of force pushes the rotor to rotate in the same direction, which can determine the rotation direction of zero start. The permanent magnets on the rotor are also acted by the composite magnetic field of the stator to push the rotor to rotate, or the rotor steel ring is only equipped with permanent magnets to take direct glue The fixed convex way, there is an air gap between the rotor and the permanent magnet surface of the stator, and the turntable can rotate freely around the main shaft when it is static without locking.

The AC permanent magnet motor has a stator-type structure in a rotating outer casing or a fixed-rotating inner-pivot-type structure in the outer casing, and the inner casing structure patterns of the rotor and the stator are designed and set according to the requirements of the matching equipment, so as to be able to meet the overall requirements of the equipment, The electromagnetic phenomena and electromechanical energy conversion principles that occur in the two forms of stator and rotor are basically the same, and there are many common technologies; the stator-type AC permanent magnet motor in the rotating casing forms different types due to the different connecting components of the rotating casing, such as , the tires are arranged on the rotating casing, it becomes a kind of AC permanent magnet motor wheel casing of the vehicle, the gears or pulleys or rotating shafts are arranged on the rotating casing, which is the direct driving force of the mechanical equipment. An AC permanent magnet motor, the rotating casing is equipped with blades, It is the main power machine of the helicopter. Because the moment of inertia is proportional to the square of the radius, the moment of inertia of the rotating shell type is larger than that of the inner pivot type. The shell is made of high-strength magnetic isolation material. The stronger the constant magnetism is, the more electromagnetic energy consumption on the coil will be converted. It is necessary to add a cooling device, use waterproof bearings, bushings and washers, an AC permanent magnet motor power supply to start running, and turn off the power to stop running.

An AC permanent magnet motor with a fixed rotating inner pivot structure on the outer shell, including a plurality of composite magnetic heads in a plurality of slot coils on the stator silicon steel laminated sheet, a main shaft, a rotor silicon steel laminated sheet, and a squirrel cage frame on the rotor and a rotor. The sunken permanent magnet and the inner pivot body together form the rotor. There is an air gap between the rotor and the surface of the permanent magnet of the stator. The inner pivot center of the rotor is installed with the main shaft and the two ends of the rotor are installed with bearings, which are connected to the stator shell through the bearings. The surface of the magnetic head has a fence-like mesh structure, which helps the composite magnetic head to have a smooth running magnetic circuit including the magnetic field lines of the permanent magnets. Each winding of the stator includes several coils, and several coil windings are embedded in the wire slots of the stator silicon steel laminated magnetic core in an orderly manner. The coil windings and the stator permanent magnets installed in the magnetic core grooves together form several stator composite magnetic heads, which are controlled during operation. The composite magnetic head produces a controllable instantaneous induction alternating electromagnetic field to form a rotating magnetic field, and the composite magnetic head produces the phenomenon of superimposed interference of magnetic fields of the same polarity or different polarity, which is beneficial to the stable and rotor permanent magnets installed on the turntable correspondingly under the action of changing magnetic energy. For example, a mobile generator set power supply combined with a connected or conjoined generator can replace the traditional oil energy with a battery pack, greatly reducing the weight of the whole machine and making it easier to use. The storage and transportation methods of energy-consuming varieties are safer and simpler, and the battery packs can be charged by easily available natural energy solar or wind energy, which can effectively prolong the service life of the supplementary energy battery packs, form an innovative hybrid power supply, and provide low-noise waves without pollution. High quality guaranteed power supply.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides an AC permanent magnet motor which is green, safe, novel in structure and reliable in operation. The characteristic form of three-phase alternating current is formed in a comprehensive and orderly manner in the coil, and a rotating magnetic field is formed at the air gap, so that the rotor is forced to rotate and output power. The advantages of the rotating magnetic field formed in the air gap of the paired three-phase coils of the stator are similar to the conversion into the form of a three-phase alternating current electromagnetic field, and the corresponding metal squirrel cage frame on the rotor is subjected to cutting magnetic lines of force in the alternating magnetic field. The phenomenon of rotation, the advantages of the above-mentioned structure of the traditional AC motor are retained, and the improvement content is: install a number of permanent magnets on the rotor silicon steel laminated sheet and form a rotor combination with the squirrel cage frame placed on the surface of the rotor permanent magnets. The rotor combination Because there are rotor permanent magnets in the body to increase the rotational torque, there are grooves on the surface of the composite magnetic head of the stator silicon steel laminated sheet surrounded by the stator coils. Several stator permanent magnets are placed in the grooves, and the stator permanent magnets installed in the grooves The stator composite magnetic head is composed of a fence-like mesh structure. The design and manufacture follow the GB motor specification, and at the same time, its own permanent magnet magnetic field characteristics and characteristics are added. On this basis, strong permanent magnets are introduced to participate in the rotor and stator structure to form a new rotor combined structure Combined structure with new stator; it is suitable for use in various voltage conditions of 380v and below. When using, it needs to provide three-phase AC power after rectification. When using battery DC power, it needs to be rectified and adjusted by inverter after oscillation. The inverter turns it into a suitable pulse sine half-wave power supply, and forms an AC rotating magnetic field in the air gap of the stator coil combination to drive the rotor to rotate. Renewable new energy, close to zero emission and zero pollution, energy saving and safety, low cost of use, low failure rate, can instantaneously increase the strength of composite magnetic field to increase output power, can work stably for a long time in an air-free environment, and is widely used in various power equipment , such as the power source in special environmental conditions, the power source of mobile robots, the power source of yachts, the power source of helicopters, the power source of ships, the power source of mobile equipment, and the power source of various military and civilian innovative exclusive equipment, it has a high social Therefore, the present invention achieves the initial requirement that the controller outputs several groups of pulsed sine half-wave direct current to supply the stator coil, and the waveform characteristic form similar to the three-phase alternating current electromagnetic field is formed in the stator coil in a comprehensive and orderly manner, and is formed at the air gap. The rotating magnetic field causes the rotor to be forced to rotate and output power.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stator type in a rotating casing of an AC permanent magnet motor according to the present invention, and is also an abstract drawing.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stator-type stator silicon steel sheet closed groove in a rotating casing of an AC permanent magnet motor according to the present invention.

3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stator-type stator silicon steel sheet opening groove in a rotating casing of an AC permanent magnet motor according to the present invention.

4 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of a stator J-J of the stator type in the rotating casing of an AC permanent magnet motor according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic waveform diagram of an output power supply of a controller externally connected to an AC permanent magnet motor according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection of an AC permanent magnet motor system of the present invention.

7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an AC permanent magnet motor housing with a fixed rotating inner pivot type according to the present invention.

In the picture: 1, an AC permanent magnet motor, 2, stator, 3, rotor, 4, stator core, 5, air gap, 6, stator permanent magnet, 7, shell, 8, main shaft, 9, complete wire slot , 10, groove, 11, coil, 12, squirrel cage bar, 13, rotor permanent magnet, 14, half wire slot, 15, wiring, 16, wire inlet, 17, hollow shaft, 18, installation slot, 19 , closed groove, 20, open groove, 21, black thick line A+ single-phase positive sinusoidal pulse half-waveform, 22, black thick line A- single-phase negative sinusoidal pulse half-waveform, 23, three-phase rectification Sine or ladder wave and correction wave pulse positive half waveform, 24, three-phase rectified sinusoidal or ladder wave and correction wave pulse negative half wave shape, 25, rotating shell, 26, AC three-phase power supply, 27, DC/AC single-phase power supply, 28, charger, 29, battery pack, 30, controller, 31, DC/AC three-phase inverter, 32, control center integrator, 33, switch, 34, intelligent control circuit adjustment socket, 35, switch, 36, Rotor core, 37, movable permanent magnet assembly, 38, special plug, 39, rivet, 40, junction box, 41 movable permanent magnet, 42, lining iron plate, 43, spring, 44, movable permanent magnet assembly shell installation port , 45, the fence hollow-core surface of the stator core.

Detailed ways

In the example of the present invention, referring to the above-mentioned Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, the described AC permanent magnet motor 1 has a stator type inside a rotating casing or an outer casing. Fixed rotating inner pivot type; an AC permanent magnet motor 1, including a stator 2, a rotor 3, a rotating casing 25 and an external controller 30. The stator core 4 has a number of complete wire slots 9 and half wire slots. 14. The stator core 4 has the same groove 10, and the same winding coil 11 is embedded in the wire groove. The two identical grooves 10 adjacent to each single phase are only separated by a distance of the wire slot inlet 16. The surface magnetic polarities of the stator permanent magnets 6 installed in the adjacent grooves 10 are different, and one of the two coils 11 adjacent to each single phase is connected to a forward pulse direct current, and the other is connected to a reverse pulse direct current, so that the two coils 11 are respectively The polarity of the generated electromagnetic field is also opposite, the polarity of the stator permanent magnet 6 installed in the two coils 11 must be the same as the polarity of the electromagnetic field of the DC coil 11, and the external dimensions and magnetic parameters of each stator permanent magnet 6 are basically the same, so The polarity of the electromagnetic field of each coil 11 and the polarity of the permanent magnet 6 of the stator are due to the same polarity, and the new composite magnetic field is enhanced by the principle of magnetic field addition. The magnet 6 has the function of magnetization protection, and the permanent magnet 6 of the stator will not be demagnetized. The shape of the three wire slots of the two identical coils 11 adjacent to each single phase on the stator core 4 is different. The one located in the middle of the two grooves 10 is A complete wire slot 9, the wire inlet 16 of the complete wire slot 9 has a longer diameter. The main reason is to give the magnetic core position to the grooves 10 on both sides, so that the magnetic core positions of the two DC coils 11 are as close as possible, which is conducive to this. When the two electromagnetic fields switch instantaneously, the pulse width is reduced, and the shape of the other two wire slots is half a wire slot 14, because the two coils 11 must be embedded in the complete wire slot 9 in the middle, which is a double-layer winding. The other two sides of the half-line slot 14 are embedded with a single side of a coil, which is a single-layer winding. A coil unit is formed by a combination of several groups of two identical coils 11 and magnetic cores that are respectively supplied with forward or reverse currents. The same phase coil is composed of 2N identical coil units, and each three groups of the same phase sequence coils form an A ten, B ten, C ten and A-, B-, C- and O lines. This positive and negative relative combination The three-phase coil of the stator, and several integer multiples of the same coil constitute the complete stator coil of the motor.

In the described AC permanent magnet motor 1, the stator coils 11 are respectively embedded in the 4 wire slots of the stator magnetic core, the coils are wound with enameled copper wires or bars, and the coils 11 are embedded in double-layer, single-layer or multi-layer. Several stator permanent magnets 6 of the same polarity are installed in the grooves 10 of each stator core 4, and the stator permanent magnets 6 installed in the magnetic cores of adjacent coils 11 have opposite polarities. The grooves 10 processed from a single silicon steel sheet have There are two shapes, one is an open groove 20 and the other is a closed groove 19. These two different grooves 10 and 10 are used to seal the open groove 19 and the open groove 20. The silicon chips are stacked on each other for the stator core 4. The hollow-core surface 45 of the fence makes the stator permanent magnets 6 installed in the groove 10 have obvious gaps to be alternately exposed, and the exposed area is greater than half of the unipolar area of the stator permanent magnets 6. The parameters of each group of coils 11 of the stator are: Exactly the same, y star connection, outlet 15 is a three-phase one-zero method, such as: stator 12 slots 4 poles, coil 11 star connection, outlet 15 is two sets of A, B, C phase sequence lines, one There are 7 outgoing lines 15 in total for the zero line. The stator coil 11 is composed of two sets of identical 6-slot 2-pole coils 11. The two sets of 6-slot 2-pole A, B, and C phase sequence lines are respectively connected to positive current and negative direction. The current and current waveforms are respectively the same positive half-waveform 23 of sine wave or ladder wave and correction wave pulse type and the negative half wave form 24 of sine wave or ladder wave and correction wave pulse type. , the power supply characteristic of each individual phase sequence input is that the amplitude of the pulsed magnetomotive force is at the axis of the phase winding and the position is fixed. The two positive and negative half waveforms are observed on the oscilloscope and synthesized into a complete pulsed sine wave or ladder wave To correct the wave, add the three single-phase magnetic potentials to obtain the composite magnetic potential of the three-phase winding. The synthesized 12-slot 4-pole three-phase wires A, B, and C have a potential angle difference of 120 degrees, and a frequency of 20-400Hz to facilitate speed regulation. The outlet heads cannot be interchanged with each other, because the input half-wave current belongs to the characteristics of DC current, and there is a distinction between positive and negative poles. If the wrong connection is made, it will be burned! When the joint is exchanged, the positive and negative two joints A ten and A- of the phase sequence should be exchanged with another phase sequence B ten and B- at the same time, or exchanged with C ten and C-, which can change the rotation direction; the stator permanent magnet 6 Installed in the silicon steel groove 10 on the side, the aluminum plate is used to isolate the magnetic field to prevent the leakage of the permanent magnetic field, and the high thermal conductivity graphite film material is used to cover the heat dissipation. The 11 segments of the slot coils generate the same impedance value; the effective magnetic length L of the stator 2 is composed of a whole segment or several identical segments, which is beneficial to the optimization of the slenderness ratio; the stator 2 is installed with a movable permanent magnet assembly 37, It has a certain function of accumulating and discharging and regulating kinetic energy. Generally, 3 are in a group of 120 degrees. They are suitable for constant-speed cruise under medium and low speed conditions. The response of spring 43 at high speed cannot keep up and should not be used; Install the stator coil unit; or the half wire slot 14 on both sides of the stator coil unit is designed as a complete wire slot 9, that is, the complete wire slot 9 in the middle of the two grooves 10 The wire inlet 16 diameter lengthened position retreats, so that the two grooves 10 is close, the complete wire slot 9 on both sides of the groove 10 has a very short diameter, and the diameter of the wire inlet 16 is very short. The position of the complete wire slot 9 is the one in the front and the middle on both sides. A number of stator coil units constitute a complete stator core 4, which shows that the performance of the stator core 4 constituted by the stator coil units can adapt to the principle of diversity; It should be rotated by hand to prevent locking. In order to dissipate heat, wrinkles and patterns are made on the surface of the casing to increase the surface area of the casing; the lamination of silicon steel sheets and the coil 11 need to be insulated.

Said kind of AC permanent magnet motor 1, the power supply is input by the controller 30, the controller 30 has several series of products according to the power supply and the configuration of a kind of AC permanent magnet motor 1, and the power supply to the controller 30 is divided into municipal AC three-phase power supply 26 or battery pack 29 DC power supply or solar cell and other power sources, if the AC three-phase power supply 26 is directly connected to the matching controller 30 and then output after three-phase full control rectification, if the power supply is DC/AC single-phase The power supply 27 needs to pass through the charger 28 and then into the battery pack 29 to supply the inverter 31, and then input to the controller 30 and output after three-phase full-control rectification. The main basic circuit of rectification in the controller 30 is a three-phase full-control rectifier circuit. Generate three-phase rectified sine wave or ladder wave and correction wave pulse positive half wave 23 and three-phase rectified sine wave or ladder wave and correction wave pulse negative half wave 24, according to the power supply voltage, current and power required by an AC permanent magnet motor 1 are different It is required that the electronic components and circuits in the basic three-phase fully-controlled rectification circuit should be adjusted accordingly, for example: the three-phase fully-controlled diode thyristor rectifier circuit is mainly used for a low-power AC permanent magnet motor 1. Three-phase fully-controlled MOS The tube rectifier circuit is mainly used for an AC permanent magnet motor 1 with medium and small power, and the three-phase fully controlled IGBT tube rectifier circuit is mainly used for an AC permanent magnet motor 1 with large and medium power. The controller 30 needs to go through control logic, frequency conversion and frequency modulation, pulse width adjustment, voltage regulation and current regulation, filter circuit, intelligent control circuit adjustment and super capacitor during the rectification process. The charge-discharge circuit switch 33 and the like form a control center integrator 32, and a number of connection and intelligent control circuit adjustment sockets 34 are installed on the controller 30 to leave room for expansion. The wave pulse current power supply is supplied to the three-phase stator coil 11 of an AC permanent magnet motor 1, and a single-phase power supply is supplied to a group of coil units, and a N-pole electromagnetic field is generated on the surface of the two energized coil units and is installed in the groove 10. The N-pole permanent magnet magnetic field forms a new N-pole composite magnetic field, and an S-pole electromagnetic field is generated on the other surface of the two energized coil units to form a new S-pole composite magnetic field with the S-pole permanent magnet magnetic field installed in the groove 10, and at the same time The energized two pairs of coil unit pulse currents differ by 5-period sine half-wave synthesis to form a complete single-phase sine wave or gradient wave pulse magnetomotive force. The single-phase sine wave or trapezoidal current formed by the synthesis will form a group of the same three-phase sine wave current or a complete set of trapezoidal waves, which will also generate a rotating magnetic field.

In the described AC permanent magnet motor 1, the rotor core 36 of the rotor 3 has a squirrel cage structure composed of copper or aluminum, and a groove 10 is formed on the rotor core 36 in the gap between the squirrel cage bars 12, The surface shape of the groove 10 has two corner guards, which is conducive to the stable installation of the rotor permanent magnet 13. The sunken rotor permanent magnet 13 is installed in the groove 10. The rotor permanent magnet 13 has an inclination angle due to the inclination angle of the rotor. Each groove has an inclination angle. The width of 10 is 1-1.3 times larger than the outer size of the two adjacent magnetic cores on the stator core 4, the squirrel cage bar 12 and the groove 10 have an inclination angle in the range of half slot to two slots, and the ratio of the number of stator and rotor slots is adopted. In the design of the conventional AC motor, the closed squirrel cage bars 12 on the rotor 3 generate torque due to cutting the rotating magnetic field lines to push the rotor to rotate in the same direction, which can determine the rotation direction of zero start. The rotor permanent magnet 13 on the rotor 3 is also subjected to the stator compound. The action of the magnetic field drives the rotor to rotate, or the rotor steel ring is only equipped with a tile-shaped rotor permanent magnet 13, which is directly glued to the outer convex method. There is an air gap 5 between the rotor and the surface of the stator permanent magnet. When the rotor is static, the rotor 3 can be Free rotation around the main shaft 8 or the hollow shaft 17 without locking.

The AC permanent magnet motor 1 has a stator-type structure in a rotating casing or a fixed-rotating inner-pivot-type structure in the casing, and the inner and outer structural styles of the rotor 3 and the stator 2 are designed and set according to the requirements of the supporting equipment, so as to meet the overall requirements of the equipment. It is required that the electromagnetic phenomena and mechanical power conversion principles occurring in the two forms of stator and rotor are basically the same, and there are many common technologies; Different types are formed. For example, if the tires are arranged on the rotating casing 25, it becomes the wheel casing AC permanent magnet motor 1 of the vehicle. The blades on the rotating casing 25 are the main engine of the helicopter, and the noise is reduced and the self-weight is reduced; the hollow shaft 17 is used for Through the wiring 15 of the stator coil 11, since the moment of inertia is proportional to the square of the radius, the moment of inertia of the rotating shell type 25 is larger than that of the inner pivot type. The larger the value, the greater the corresponding power consumption will be, the greater the corresponding converted mechanical energy output will be, and the loss during the conversion process will also increase; an AC permanent magnet motor 1 is turned on to work, and when the power is turned off, it stops running; the stator 2 and the The rotor 3 should ensure concentric accuracy during processing, and the rotor 3 should be dynamically balanced to reduce vibration and noise.

Said kind of AC permanent magnet motor 1, its stator coil 11 windings several lead wire terminals are pre-designed according to the design requirements are connected to 6 live wire insertion rods and 1 neutral wire insertion rod, a total of 7 special plugs 38 When using the special plug 38, insert the special plug 38 into the corresponding special socket. The number and cross-sectional shape and size of the metal rods of the special plug 38 are exactly the same as the holes of the special socket. The power output wire of the controller 30 is connected to 6 live wires. The special socket with 7 jacks in total and 1 neutral jack should comply with the GB standard for safety electrical appliances.

The above are only preferred examples of the present invention, and should not limit the scope of implementation of the present application, that is, all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the present application should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. An alternating current permanent magnet motor, characterized by: comprises a stator, a rotor, a shell and an external controller; the silicon steel lamination magnetic core of the stator is provided with a plurality of wire slots and a plurality of coil windings, the same grooves are arranged in the magnetic core, stator permanent magnets are arranged in the grooves, the magnetic polarities of the surfaces of the permanent magnets arranged in the adjacent grooves are different, the silicon steel sheet grooves are provided with a closed opening and an open opening which are mutually laminated to form a fence-shaped stator magnetic core; the same winding coils are embedded in the wire slots, the middle of two adjacent same coil groove magnetic cores of each single phase is only separated by the distance of a wire slot wire inlet, one of the two adjacent coils of each single phase is connected with a forward pulse direct current, and the other is connected with a reverse pulse direct current, so that one of the two independent direct current coils is connected with the other one of the two independent direct current coils, the other one of the two independent direct current coils is in a power-off state and runs alternately, the polarities of electromagnetic fields generated in the two coils are opposite, and the polarities of permanent magnets installed in the two coils are the same as the polarities of the electromagnetic fields; the two adjacent coils are provided with three wire slots, a complete wire slot is arranged between the two grooves, the wire inlet caliber of the complete wire slot is longer, the magnetic cores of the two direct current coils are close to each other as much as possible, the pulse width of the two magnetic core electromagnetic fields is reduced during instant switching, the wire grooves on the other two sides are both half wire grooves, the complete wire groove in the middle is provided with double-layer windings, while the other two half slots are single-layer windings, a plurality of groups of two same coils which are respectively introduced with forward or reverse current and a magnetic core are combined to form a stator coil unit, 3 same stator coil units form phase sequence coils, each three groups of phase sequence coils form a terminal end combination of A ten, B ten, C ten and A-, B-, C-and O lines, the positive and negative relative combination and a plurality of integral multiples of the same coil units are combined to form a complete stator coil; the rotor comprises a rotor silicon steel magnetic core, a closed squirrel cage on the magnetic core and a rotor permanent magnet in the groove; the controller outputs three-phase fully-controlled rectified half-wave DC power with same positive and negative sine waves or gradient waves and correction wave pulses, and 7 outlet ends of the stator coil are connected through a special plug and socket.

2. The stator of an ac permanent magnet machine according to claim 1, wherein: the magnetic core surface after the two different grooves are alternately laminated presents a fence shape, so that permanent magnets installed in the grooves have obvious gaps which are alternately exposed, the exposed area is more than or equal to one half of the surface of the magnetic core, a plurality of same-polarity permanent magnets are installed in the same groove, the polarities of the permanent magnets installed in adjacent coils are opposite, and the intensity of electromagnetic field generated by an electrified coil is close to or less than the value of the intensity of magnetic field when the permanent magnets on the surface of the stator sealing groove are powered off; the effective magnetic length L of the stator is formed by a whole section or a plurality of same sections; the number of the wire slots of the stator magnetic core is 6, 12, 24 and 48, and the analogy is N times of 6; the coils are wound by enameled copper wires or conducting bars, the current directions of the adjacent coils are opposite, the polarities of the generated electromagnetic fields are also opposite, the polarities of the permanent magnets installed in the adjacent coils are the same as the polarities of the electromagnetic fields of the coils, and each phase sequence coil is formed by combining a plurality of groups of two same stator coil units which are respectively introduced with forward current or reverse current; the two adjacent coils are provided with three wire slots, a complete wire slot is arranged between the two grooves, the wire inlet caliber of the complete wire slot is longer, the magnetic cores of the two direct current coils are close to each other as much as possible, the pulse width of the two magnetic core electromagnetic fields is reduced during instantaneous switching, the wire slots on the other two sides are half wire slots, the complete wire slot in the middle is provided with a double-layer winding, and the half wire slots on the other two sides are single-layer windings; the stator is provided with movable permanent magnet assemblies, and 3 movable permanent magnet assemblies are arranged in a group at intervals of 120 degrees; or only the stator coil unit is arranged on the stator magnetic core; or half slots on two sides of the stator coil units are designed to be complete slots, namely, the wire inlet caliber size of the complete slot between the two grooves is lengthened and retreated, the two grooves are close to each other, the wire inlet calibers of the complete slots on two sides of the grooves are short and close to the edge of the stator, the coil windings in the three slots are double-layer windings, and the stator coil units form a complete stator magnetic core.

3. The rotor of an ac permanent magnet machine according to claim 1, wherein: the rotor structure is formed by copper materials or aluminum materials on a silicon steel laminating sheet magnetic core of the rotor, grooves are formed in the rotor silicon steel laminating sheet in the gap of the squirrel cage bars, the surface shapes of the grooves are provided with two corner protectors, the installation stability of the permanent magnets is facilitated, sunken permanent magnets are installed in the grooves, the width of each groove is 1-1.3 times larger than the outsourcing size of each single-phase adjacent two magnetic core grooves in the stator, the squirrel cage bars and the grooves have inclination angles in the range from half grooves to two grooves, or the rotor steel ring is only provided with permanent magnets to adopt a direct gluing and fixing outward protruding mode.

4. The controller for an ac permanent magnet machine according to claim 1, wherein: the intelligent control system comprises an external controller, a control center integrator, a plurality of intelligent control circuit adjusting sockets and a plurality of intelligent control circuit switching switches, wherein the external controller mainly comprises inversion and three-phase full-control rectification and is composed of the control center integrator through control logic, frequency conversion and frequency modulation, pulse width adjustment, voltage and current stabilization, intelligent control circuit adjustment and the charging and discharging circuit switching switches of a super capacitor; the power supply is input by the controller, the power supply for the controller is various municipal three-phase power supply or storage battery pack direct current power supply or solar battery supply, the input is direct current power supply, the sine wave or the trapezoidal wave and the correction wave are output through the oscillation of the inverter, the input is direct current power supply for the controller, or the input is direct current power supply for the controller, the controller supplies the sine wave or the trapezoidal wave and the correction wave pulse direct current power supply with the same upper half waveform and the same lower half waveform respectively through rectification, frequency conversion, frequency modulation and voltage and current stabilization, and supplies power for the coil with the same stator and other accessory equipment in the system.

5. An alternating current permanent magnet machine according to claim 1, wherein: comprises a stator type structure in a rotating shell or a fixed rotating inner pivot type structure of the shell; the electromagnetic principle and the basic assembly of the stator and the rotor are the same, the positions of the rotor and the stator are interchanged, the rotating outer shell and the rotating inner pivot are formed by adding the rotor structure to the rotor outer shell or the rotor inner pivot, and the stator also has the stator inner pivot or the stator outer shell which is matched and molded with the corresponding rotor.

Images