CN110715913A - 一种原子荧光光谱法测定地球化学样品中硒的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及环境工程技术领域,具体涉及一种原子荧光光谱法测定地球化学样品中硒的方法;所述的方法为:向地球化学样品中加入逆王水进行预处理,再加入氢氟酸和高氯酸的混合酸,在100~150℃下蒸干。本发明采用逆王水对地球化学样品进行预处理可以很好的氧化打开一些难溶的化合物,起到预消解的作用,有助于后续的氢氟酸和高氯酸的混合酸完全打开样品,通过控制电热板温度,在低温状态下蒸干,不仅降低了工作量和工作难度,还使得后续对硒的测定更加准确。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环境工程技术领域,具体涉及一种原子荧光光谱法测定地球化学样品中硒的方法。
背景技术
目前常用测定硒的方法有原子荧光光谱法(李遵义,李飞,李逸,胡丽娜.原子荧光光谱法测定铜精矿中的硒[J].有色矿冶,2006,22(4):66-67,70)、分光光度法(李迎霞,王未肖,哈婧.巯基棉分离富集—荧光分光光度法测定地下水中的痕量硒[J],岩矿测试,2005,24(4):311-31)、原子吸收光谱法(郎娜.石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定水中硒[J],食品研究与开发,2013,34(4):87-89)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(傅慧敏,周益奇,王巧环.氢化物发生—感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定环境样品中痕量硒[J],理化检验(化学分册),2015,51(2):157-159)、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(王长华,李明洁,李继东,等.共沉淀分离—ICP-MS测定高纯阴极铜中硒和碲[J],分析实验室,2006,25(8):100-103)。但是,分光光度法测定繁琐,原子吸收法测定样品灵敏度不高、稳定性不足,电感耦合等离子体质谱技术受到同位素的干扰严重。氢化物—原子荧光光谱法测定地球化学样品中的硒具有操作简便、分析速度快,灵敏度高、干扰小等优点,被广泛应用到地质、冶金、环境样品中硒的测定。但是现有技术中原子荧光光谱法测定地球化学样品中硒的方法存在一定的误差,如何精准的测定地球化学样品中硒是本领域人员所面临的的技术难题。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提出一种原子荧光光谱法测定地球化学样品中硒的方法。
具体而言,向地球化学样品中加入逆王水进行预处理,再加入氢氟酸和高氯酸的混合酸,在100~150℃下蒸干。
本发明所述的地球化学样品包括但不限于土壤或水系沉积物;本发明发现,对地球化学样品的前处理可以使后续的测定更加精准。即,采用逆王水对地球化学样品进行预处理可以很好的氧化打开一些难溶的化合物,起到预消解的作用,有助于后续的氢氟酸和高氯酸的混合酸完全打开样品,通过控制电热板温度,在低温状态下蒸干,不仅降低了工作量和工作难度,还使得后续对硒的测定更加准确。
为了进一步提升测定方法的灵敏度和准确性,本发明对前处理地球化学样品的方法进行了优选,具体如下:
作为优选,所述的预处理在100~150℃下进行0.5~1.5h。
作为优选,以g/ml计,所述地球化学样品与所述逆王水的重量体积比为0.02~0.03:1。
作为优选,以g/ml计,所述地球化学样品与所述混合酸的重量体积比为0.02~0.03:1。
作为优选,所述混合酸中氢氟酸和高氯酸的体积比为4~6:1~3。
作为优选,本发明所述的方法还包括用盐酸提取的步骤;以g/ml计,所述地球化学样品与所述盐酸的重量体积比为0.02~0.03:1。
作为优选,所述的盐酸提取在100~150℃下进行2~3min。
本发明选用盐酸进行提取,使得样品溶液中六价硒还原为四价硒,有利于检测的准确性。
作为优选,本发明所述的方法还包括用铁盐溶液去干扰的步骤;以g/ml计,所述地球化学样品与所述铁盐溶液的重量体积比为0.2~0.3:1;加入铁盐溶液可以有效排除Cu、Pb、As、Sb等离子对测定的干扰,加入铁盐能有效抑制这些干扰的发生。最后硼氢化钾在盐酸介质中将硒(IV)还原为硒化氢(H2Se)。
作为本发明的优选实施方式,本发明所述的方法包括如下步骤:
(1)向地球化学样品中加入逆王水,在100~150℃下进行0.8~1.2h;
(2)向步骤(1)预处理后的地球化学样品中加入氢氟酸和高氯酸的混合液,在100~150℃下蒸干;
(3)向步骤(2)中蒸干后的地球化学样品中加入盐酸,在100~150℃下提取2~3min;加入铁盐溶液,稀释后待测。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明采用逆王水对地球化学样品进行预处理,配合后续的氢氟酸和高氯酸的混合酸处理,在低温下蒸干,不能降低了工作量和工作难度,还使得后续对硒的测定更加准确,同时本发明的方法更加稳定。
(2)本发明建立了逆王水预消解四酸敞口蒸干原子荧光光谱法测定地球化学样品中的硒的方法,该方法检出限为0.0043μg/g,准确度相对误差范围为-5.00%~6.67%,加标回收率为95.4%~104.1%,精密度相对标准偏差小于3%,该方法提高了四酸敞口熔矿的稳定性,实验室用此方法一次性通过了多目标54项元素中硒的测试工作,在实际生产中得到很好的验证。本方法进一步研究还可以用同一份溶液测定银、硫、铜、铅、锌、钠、钨、钼等常量微量几十种元素,这一熔矿体系无疑具有广泛的应用前景。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例中所涉及的仪器设备及试剂如下:
AF-640A原子荧光光谱仪(北京瑞利分析仪器公司),硒高强度空心阴极灯。
硒标准储备溶液p(Se)=1000mg/L:称取0.1000g光谱纯硒粉,置于200mL烧杯中,盖上表面皿,沿杯壁加20mL(1+1)HNO3,于自动控温电热板上低温加热溶解;取下,加3mLHClO4,加热至高氯酸冒白烟,取下冷却,用水吹洗表面皿和烧杯壁,继续加热至冒白烟。冷却至室温,移入100mL容量瓶中,用水稀释至刻度,摇匀。
硒标准溶液c(Se)=100ng/mL:移取硒标准储备溶液(1.00mg/mL)逐级稀释配制,溶液盐酸浓度为20%;现用现配。
Fe3+盐溶液(25mg/mL):121g三氯化铁(FeCl3·6H2O)溶于200mL(1+1)HCI中,移入1000mL容量瓶中,补加300mL盐酸,定容,摇匀。
硼氢化钾溶液(20g/L):2g氢氧化钾溶于200mL水中,加20g硼氢化钾(分析纯)使之溶解,用水稀释至1000mL;用时现配。
盐酸、硝酸为优级纯,氢氧化钾、氢氟酸、高氯酸为分析纯,水为去离子水。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种原子荧光光谱法测定地球化学样品中硒的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)向0.2500g地球化学样品置于聚四氟乙烯坩埚中,少量水润湿,加入10ml逆王水,置于电热板上在120℃下溶解1h;
(2)向步骤(1)预处理后的地球化学样品中加入10ml氢氟酸和高氯酸的混合液(VHF:VHClO4=5:2),升温蒸发至冒白烟时,控制电热板在120℃下蒸干;
(3)向步骤(2)中蒸干后的地球化学样品中加入10ml 1:1盐酸,在120℃下提取2~3min,取下,冷却,移入25mL比色管中,加入1ml铁盐溶液去干扰,用去离子水稀释至刻度,摇匀待测。
仪器测定最佳参数如表1所示;
表1仪器测定最佳参数
本发明方法的试验验证过程及结果见实验例1和2。
对比例1
本对比例提供一种原子荧光光谱法测定地球化学样品中硒的方法,与实施例1的区别仅在于:不加入逆王水。
对比例2
本对比例提供一种原子荧光光谱法测定地球化学样品中硒的方法,与实施例1的区别仅在于:将氢氟酸和高氯酸的混合液替换为硝酸和高氯酸的混合液。
对比例3
本对比例提供一种原子荧光光谱法测定地球化学样品中硒的方法,与实施例1的区别仅在于:步骤(2)中控制电热板在200℃下蒸至湿盐状。
实验例1标准曲线和方法检出限
移取硒标准溶液于100mL容量瓶中,配置成0.00、0.20、0.50、1.00、2.00、4.00、8.00、10.00、20.00、50.00ng/L的标准溶液,其中加入40mL盐酸(1:1)溶液,4mL铁盐,线性范围内与荧光强度呈良好的线性关系:y=7.658x-4.824,相关系数为0.9994,同时测定样品12个空白溶液,以三倍标准偏差3s计算Se的检出限为0.0043μg/g(见表2);
表2硒元素检出限
实验例2准确度和精密度测试
本实验例选择12个国家标准物质,每个标准物质平行12份,按照实施例1、对比例1~3的方法进行准确度实验,计算相对误差和加标回收率;对样品进行平行分析,计算相对标准偏差;结果见表3;表3准确度与精密度的测试
由表3可知,采用实施例1的方法测定,标准物质相对误差范围为-5.00%~6.67%,加标回收率为95.4%~104.1%,多次测定相对标准偏差均小于3%,符合《DZ/T0130-2006地质实验室测试质量管理规范》的要求。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明、具体实施方式及试验,对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种原子荧光光谱法测定地球化学样品中硒的方法,其特征在于,向地球化学样品中加入逆王水进行预处理,再加入氢氟酸和高氯酸的混合酸,在100~150℃下蒸干。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的预处理在100~150℃下进行0.5~1.5h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,以g/ml计,所述地球化学样品与所述逆王水的重量体积比为0.02~0.03:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,以g/ml计,所述地球化学样品与所述混合酸的重量体积比为0.02~0.03:1。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述混合酸中氢氟酸和高氯酸的体积比为4~6:1~3。
6.根据权利要求1~5任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括用盐酸提取的步骤;以g/ml计,所述地球化学样品与所述盐酸的重量体积比为0.02~0.03:1。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的盐酸提取在100~150℃下进行2~3min。
8.根据权利要求1~7任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括用铁盐溶液去干扰的步骤;以g/ml计,所述地球化学样品与所述铁盐溶液的重量体积比为0.2~0.3:1。
9.根据权利要求1~8任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)向地球化学样品中加入逆王水,在100~150℃下进行0.8~1.2h;
(2)向步骤(1)预处理后的地球化学样品中加入氢氟酸和高氯酸的混合液,在100~150℃下蒸干;
(3)向步骤(2)中蒸干后的地球化学样品中加入盐酸,在100~150℃下提取2~3min;加入铁盐溶液,稀释后待测。
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