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CN110715542A - System for drying biomass and municipal domestic waste by using solar heat - Google Patents

System for drying biomass and municipal domestic waste by using solar heat Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110715542A
CN110715542A CN201910980085.7A CN201910980085A CN110715542A CN 110715542 A CN110715542 A CN 110715542A CN 201910980085 A CN201910980085 A CN 201910980085A CN 110715542 A CN110715542 A CN 110715542A
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molten salt
drying
temperature molten
air
solar heat
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Chinese (zh)
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罗康
孙萍
朱思成
赵渊
余桥
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Wuhan Fengying Energy Technology Engineering Co Ltd
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Wuhan Fengying Energy Technology Engineering Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/001—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure
    • F26B21/002—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure heating the drying air indirectly, i.e. using a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/005—Treatment of dryer exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/04—Garbage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/20—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications using renewable energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种利用太阳能热来干燥生物质和城市生活垃圾的系统，包括依次连接的低温熔盐罐、太阳能集热装置、高温熔盐罐和熔盐‑空气换热装置，所述熔盐‑空气换热装置与低温熔盐罐连接，构成循环回路，所述熔盐‑空气换热装置的进风口连接鼓风机，所述熔盐‑空气换热装置的出风口连接干燥室。本发明利用太阳能热来干燥生物质和城市生活垃圾的系统是一种能量损耗更低，效率更高，更节能环保的干燥方式。

The invention relates to a system for drying biomass and municipal solid waste by utilizing solar heat, comprising a low-temperature molten salt tank, a solar heat collecting device, a high-temperature molten salt tank and a molten salt-air heat exchange device connected in sequence, the molten salt The air heat exchange device is connected with the low temperature molten salt tank to form a circulation loop, the air inlet of the molten salt-air heat exchange device is connected to the blower, and the air outlet of the molten salt-air heat exchange device is connected to the drying chamber. The system for drying biomass and municipal solid waste by utilizing solar heat in the present invention is a drying method with lower energy loss, higher efficiency, and more energy-saving and environment-friendly drying.

Description

利用太阳能热来干燥生物质和城市生活垃圾的系统System for drying biomass and municipal solid waste using solar heat

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及垃圾处理领域，更具体地说，涉及一种利用太阳能热来干燥生物质和城市生活垃圾的系统。The present invention relates to the field of garbage disposal, and more particularly, to a system for drying biomass and municipal solid waste by utilizing solar heat.

背景技术Background technique

燃料调查分析显示，生物质和城市生活垃圾的水分含量为30-50％，尤其生活垃圾中的厨余垃圾水分含量超过60％，而燃料超高的含水量对发电系统的经济型和可靠性有极其不利的影响。不管是生物质直燃发电技术、垃圾焚烧发电技术，还是生物质、垃圾气化发电技术，燃料中过高的水分均会导致燃烧无力、设备腐蚀、增加厂用电率、降低发电效率等问题，造成了极大的能源浪费。The fuel survey and analysis show that the moisture content of biomass and municipal solid waste is 30-50%, especially the kitchen waste in domestic waste has a moisture content of more than 60%, and the ultra-high water content of fuel has an impact on the economy and reliability of the power generation system. have extremely adverse effects. Whether it is biomass direct combustion power generation technology, waste incineration power generation technology, or biomass and waste gasification power generation technology, excessive moisture in the fuel will lead to problems such as weak combustion, equipment corrosion, increased plant power consumption, and reduced power generation efficiency. , resulting in a huge waste of energy.

现今应用较多的干燥技术中所需能量多来自电力或者化石能源，一方面干燥系统成本较高，另一方面化石能源的利用造成资源的进一步枯竭并且危害环境。目前，干燥技术在化工行业应用较为广泛，而电力行业属于起步阶段，应用较多的是滚筒式干燥机和带式干燥技术。滚筒式干燥机功耗大，占地大，且常出现堵塞问题；带式干燥技术国内应用较少，对国内燃料的适应性较差。Most of the energy needed in the drying technologies that are widely used today comes from electricity or fossil energy. On the one hand, the cost of the drying system is high, and on the other hand, the utilization of fossil energy causes further depletion of resources and harms the environment. At present, drying technology is widely used in the chemical industry, while the power industry is in the initial stage, and the drum dryer and belt drying technology are more widely used. The tumble dryer consumes a lot of power, occupies a large area, and often has the problem of clogging; the belt drying technology is rarely used in China and has poor adaptability to domestic fuels.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种能量损耗更低、效率更高的利用太阳能热来干燥生物质和城市生活垃圾的系统。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a system for drying biomass and municipal solid waste by utilizing solar heat with lower energy loss and higher efficiency.

本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：构造一种利用太阳能热来干燥生物质和城市生活垃圾的系统，包括依次连接的低温熔盐罐、太阳能集热装置、高温熔盐罐和熔盐-空气换热装置，所述熔盐-空气换热装置与低温熔盐罐连接，构成循环回路，所述熔盐-空气换热装置的进风口连接鼓风机，所述熔盐-空气换热装置的出风口连接干燥室。The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is as follows: constructing a system for drying biomass and municipal solid waste by utilizing solar heat, including a low-temperature molten salt tank, a solar heat collector, a high-temperature molten salt tank and a molten salt tank connected in sequence. Salt-air heat exchange device, the molten salt-air heat exchange device is connected with a low-temperature molten salt tank to form a circulation loop, the air inlet of the molten salt-air heat exchange device is connected to a blower, and the molten salt-air heat exchange device The air outlet of the device is connected to the drying chamber.

上述方案中，所述干燥室连接尾气利用装置。In the above solution, the drying chamber is connected to a tail gas utilization device.

上述方案中，所述尾气利用装置为热水锅炉。In the above solution, the exhaust gas utilization device is a hot water boiler.

上述方案中，所述太阳能集热装置包括槽式镜和集热管，槽式镜汇聚太阳光加热集热管中的熔盐，In the above solution, the solar heat collecting device includes a trough mirror and a heat collecting tube, and the trough mirror gathers sunlight to heat the molten salt in the heat collecting tube,

上述方案中，所述高温熔盐罐连接高温熔盐循环泵。In the above solution, the high temperature molten salt tank is connected to a high temperature molten salt circulating pump.

上述方案中，所述低温熔盐罐连接低温熔盐循环泵。In the above solution, the low temperature molten salt tank is connected to the low temperature molten salt circulating pump.

实施本发明的利用太阳能热来干燥生物质和城市生活垃圾的系统，具有以下有益效果：Implementing the system for drying biomass and municipal solid waste by utilizing solar heat of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1、本发明利用太阳能作为干燥热源，将太阳能通过换热储存在熔盐流体中。而后，高温熔盐与空气换热形成燃料干燥所需的热风，热风经熔盐-空气换热装置后产生高温尾气，可以送至锅炉产生热水供不同用户使用。1. The present invention utilizes solar energy as the drying heat source, and stores the solar energy in the molten salt fluid through heat exchange. Then, the high-temperature molten salt exchanges heat with the air to form the hot air required for fuel drying. The hot air passes through the molten salt-air heat exchange device to generate high-temperature exhaust gas, which can be sent to the boiler to generate hot water for different users.

2、相比空气直接在集热器中换热的方式，设置熔盐储能系统的布置方案，能更高效的利用太阳能，转换效率高，在光照资源丰富或者不丰富的地区，利用有限光照时间，均能达到较长的运行时间。2. Compared with the way that the air directly exchanges heat in the collector, the arrangement plan of the molten salt energy storage system can make more efficient use of solar energy, and the conversion efficiency is high. time, can achieve longer running time.

3、高温熔盐在熔盐-空气换热系统中连续换热更易得到不同温度要求的热空气，同时获得流量更大的热空气，从而提高干燥效率。3. The continuous heat exchange of high temperature molten salt in the molten salt-air heat exchange system makes it easier to obtain hot air with different temperature requirements, and at the same time obtain hot air with a larger flow rate, thereby improving the drying efficiency.

4、本发明利用太阳能热来干燥生物质和城市生活垃圾的系统是一种能量损耗更低，效率更高，更节能环保的干燥方式。4. The system for drying biomass and municipal solid waste by using solar heat in the present invention is a drying method with lower energy loss, higher efficiency, and more energy saving and environmental protection.

附图说明Description of drawings

下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:

图1是本发明利用太阳能热来干燥生物质和城市生活垃圾的系统的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for drying biomass and municipal solid waste by utilizing solar heat according to the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现对照附图详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, the specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

如图1所示，本发明的利用太阳能热来干燥生物质和城市生活垃圾的系统，包括依次连接的低温熔盐罐2、太阳能集热装置1、高温熔盐罐4和熔盐-空气换热装置6，熔盐-空气换热装置6与低温熔盐罐2连接，构成循环回路，熔盐-空气换热装置6的进风口连接鼓风机7，熔盐-空气换热装置6的出风口连接干燥室8。干燥室8连接尾气利用装置9，高温熔盐罐4连接高温熔盐循环泵5，低温熔盐罐2连接低温熔盐循环泵3。As shown in FIG. 1 , the system for drying biomass and municipal solid waste using solar heat of the present invention includes a low-temperature molten salt tank 2, a solar heat collector 1, a high-temperature molten salt tank 4 and a molten salt-air exchange tank connected in sequence. The heat device 6, the molten salt-air heat exchange device 6 is connected with the low-temperature molten salt tank 2 to form a circulation loop, the air inlet of the molten salt-air heat exchange device 6 is connected to the blower 7, and the air outlet of the molten salt-air heat exchange device 6 Connect the drying chamber 8. The drying chamber 8 is connected to the exhaust gas utilization device 9 , the high temperature molten salt tank 4 is connected to the high temperature molten salt circulation pump 5 , and the low temperature molten salt tank 2 is connected to the low temperature molten salt circulation pump 3 .

在本发明的优选实施例中，以某一地区的太阳直射强度800W/m2为例，低温熔盐罐2中的低温熔盐流体(290℃)被低温熔盐循环泵33经熔盐管道输送到太阳能集热装置1。太阳能集热装置1由四组槽式集热器组成，南北方向布置，通过管道串联布置。槽式集热器包括槽式镜和集热管。每组集热器总长度115m，一维跟踪太阳直射。槽式镜面宽度6m，总镜面面积约2760m2。In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, taking the direct sunlight intensity of 800W/m2 in a certain area as an example, the low temperature molten salt fluid (290°C) in the low temperature molten salt tank 2 is passed through the molten salt pipeline by the low temperature molten salt circulating pump 33 delivered to the solar collector 1. The solar thermal collector 1 is composed of four sets of trough collectors, which are arranged in a north-south direction and are arranged in series through pipes. The trough collector includes a trough mirror and a collector tube. The total length of each set of collectors is 115m, and they track the direct sunlight in one dimension. The width of the trough mirror is 6m, and the total mirror area is about 2760m 2 .

低温熔盐经太阳能集热装置1吸收热量后的熔盐被输送到高温熔盐罐4中。高温熔盐罐4中的高温熔盐流体(550℃)被高温熔盐循环泵55输送至熔盐-空气换热装置6。经熔盐-空气换热装置6后的熔盐回流至低温熔盐罐2中，而后熔盐继续被送到太阳能集热装置1加热，如此循环。熔盐-空气换热装置6所需空气由鼓风机7提供，经换热后得到的热空气(120℃)经管道送至干燥室8。The molten salt after the low-temperature molten salt absorbs heat through the solar thermal collector 1 is transported to the high-temperature molten salt tank 4 . The high-temperature molten salt fluid (550° C.) in the high-temperature molten salt tank 4 is transported to the molten salt-air heat exchange device 6 by the high-temperature molten salt circulation pump 55 . The molten salt after passing through the molten salt-air heat exchange device 6 is returned to the low-temperature molten salt tank 2, and then the molten salt is continuously sent to the solar heat collecting device 1 for heating, and so on. The air required by the molten salt-air heat exchange device 6 is provided by a blower 7 , and the hot air (120° C.) obtained after heat exchange is sent to the drying chamber 8 through a pipeline.

熔盐-空气换热装置6采用多级换热，以充分利用高温熔盐的热量产生较大流量的热空气，提高燃料的干燥速率和效率。干燥室8连接负压装置，防止生物质和城市生活垃圾堆积或干燥过程中释放的臭气排出。尾气利用装置9为热水锅炉，可对厂内外的用户提供不同需求的热水，以达到回收热量的目的，从而提高整个装置的热利用率。The molten salt-air heat exchange device 6 adopts multi-stage heat exchange to make full use of the heat of the high-temperature molten salt to generate a larger flow of hot air, thereby improving the drying rate and efficiency of the fuel. The drying chamber 8 is connected to a negative pressure device to prevent the accumulation of biomass and municipal solid waste or the discharge of odors released during the drying process. The tail gas utilization device 9 is a hot water boiler, which can provide users inside and outside the plant with hot water with different needs, so as to achieve the purpose of recovering heat, thereby improving the heat utilization rate of the entire device.

本发明工作原理如下：The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

外来熔盐经化盐处理后储存在低温熔盐罐2中，低温熔盐经熔盐管道被低温熔盐循环泵3送至太阳能集热装置1的集热管中，熔盐与集热管吸收的太阳能换热后储存在高温熔盐罐4中，然后经高温熔盐循环泵5抽送至熔盐-空气换热装置6，与鼓风机7来风在换热管中对流换热后回流至低温熔盐罐2中，而换热后的热空气流进入干燥室8中干燥外来料，随热空气流出来的尾气进入尾气处理装置。本实施例提供的利用太阳能热来干燥生物质和城市生活垃圾的系统是一种能量损耗更低，效率更高，更节能环保的干燥方式。The foreign molten salt is stored in the low-temperature molten salt tank 2 after being treated with salt, and the low-temperature molten salt is sent to the collector tube of the solar heat collector 1 by the low-temperature molten salt circulating pump 3 through the molten salt pipeline. The solar energy is stored in the high-temperature molten salt tank 4 after heat exchange, and then pumped to the molten salt-air heat exchange device 6 by the high-temperature molten salt circulating pump 5, and the air from the blower 7 is convectively exchanged in the heat exchange tube and then returned to the low-temperature molten salt. In the salt tank 2, the hot air flow after heat exchange enters the drying chamber 8 to dry the incoming materials, and the exhaust gas flowing out with the hot air enters the exhaust gas treatment device. The system for drying biomass and municipal solid waste by using solar heat provided in this embodiment is a drying method with lower energy consumption, higher efficiency, and more energy saving and environmental protection.

上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，这些均属于本发明的保护之内。The embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, which are merely illustrative rather than restrictive. Under the inspiration of the present invention, without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, many forms can be made, which all belong to the protection of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The system for drying biomass and urban domestic garbage by using solar heat is characterized by comprising a low-temperature molten salt tank, a solar heat collection device, a high-temperature molten salt tank and a molten salt-air heat exchange device which are sequentially connected, wherein the molten salt-air heat exchange device is connected with the low-temperature molten salt tank to form a circulation loop, an air inlet of the molten salt-air heat exchange device is connected with an air blower, and an air outlet of the molten salt-air heat exchange device is connected with a drying chamber.
2. The system for drying biomass and municipal solid waste using solar heat according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying chamber is connected to a tail gas utilization device.
3. The system for drying biomass and municipal solid waste using solar heat according to claim 2, characterized in that the tail gas utilization device is a hot water boiler.
4. The system for drying biomass and municipal solid waste using solar heat according to claim 1, wherein the solar thermal collection device comprises a trough mirror and a heat collection tube, the trough mirror concentrating sunlight to heat molten salt in the heat collection tube.
5. The system for drying biomass and municipal solid waste using solar heat according to claim 1, characterized in that the high temperature molten salt tank is connected to a high temperature molten salt circulation pump.
6. The system for drying biomass and municipal solid waste using solar heat according to claim 1, characterized in that the low temperature molten salt tank is connected to a low temperature molten salt circulation pump.
CN201910980085.7A 2019-10-15 2019-10-15 System for drying biomass and municipal domestic waste by using solar heat Pending CN110715542A (en)

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CN117346487A (en) * 2023-09-28 2024-01-05 常州大学 A drying device based on photothermal molten salt energy storage coupled PV/T air collector

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Application publication date: 20200121