CN110702923B - Gpr115基因在制备抗肺癌药物及其诊断试剂盒中的应用 - Google Patents
Gpr115基因在制备抗肺癌药物及其诊断试剂盒中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了GPR115基因在制备抗肺癌药物及其诊断试剂盒中的应用,属于癌症精准医疗药物技术领域。本发明通过肺癌临床样本组织芯片,免疫组化证实,GPR115在肺癌中表达增高,且与预后相关;通过体外细胞实验研究siRNA下调GPR115基因表达对肺癌细胞增殖侵袭等生物学行为的影响,发现特异性的siRNA序列可以有效抑制人肺癌细胞株H1650和SPCA中GPR115蛋白的表达,siRNA抑制GPR115表达后,H1650和SPCA细胞的增殖减慢,细胞侵袭能力降低。GPR115作为肺癌基因治疗的靶点,在制备精准医疗的诊断试剂盒和用于治疗高表达GPR115的肺癌中,将具有广泛的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于癌症精准医疗药物技术领域,更具体地说,涉及GPR115基因在制备抗肺癌药物及其诊断试剂盒中的应用。
背景技术
肺癌(Lung cancer)是由于肺组织细胞不受控制生长的,侵袭性强、进展快的恶性肿瘤。根据最新的全球癌症统计肺癌仍然是全球癌症死亡的主要原因,其中非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)最常见占80%-85%。因大多数患者直到晚期,失去治疗价值或无法手术才被诊断出来,因此常常无法治愈。肺癌的治疗与细胞类型、传播范围和人的表现状态密切相关,常见的包括:姑息治疗、手术、化疗和放疗。近些年靶向治疗和免疫疗法的出现为肺癌的治疗带来了福音,但患者的5年生存率仍然只有16%。因此,应加大力度研究肺癌的发生发展机制,寻找新的肺癌标志物为肺癌的治疗提供新靶点和新思路。
G蛋白偶联受体115(G protein-coupled receptor 115,GPR115)是G蛋白家族(Gprotein-coupled receptors,GPCRs)的一员,位于6p12.3,全长752aa,其特征是含有7个七个跨膜结构域或拓扑结构。活化的GPCR充当异源三聚体G蛋白的α亚基的鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子(GEF),催化GDP的释放和GTP与活化的G蛋白结合。随后活化的G蛋白亚基(α·GTP和βγ)可以下游效应子结合,从而调节细胞生理学和多个系统(如免疫系统、心血管系统、神经系统、生殖系统和感觉系统)的功能。最新数据表明GPCRs在肺癌,前列腺癌,结肠癌,胰腺癌和间充质细胞(来自肿瘤微环境)的癌症中表达,并刺激癌细胞增殖,侵袭,转移,迁移,粘附和血管生成。Luo,W等研究证明干扰G蛋白偶联受体LGR4表达后,抑制了前列腺癌细胞的迁移、侵袭和集落形成,并逆转上皮-间质转化(EMT)。GPR115作为GPCRs家族的成员之一,在肿瘤和病理方面也具有重要意义。Wang,J.C.等人发现GPR115在炎性皮肤病的发病机理中的潜在作用,并且可能与糖皮质激素在这些疾病中的治疗作用有关。有趣的是,有学者通过数据库预测GPR115与甲基化和肺癌的治疗密切相关。然而这仅仅是一个数据库的预测结论,缺乏普遍性和有效的实验论证加以说明。因此,GPR115在肺癌中的具体表达情况和作用机制仍有待进一步研究。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种GPR115基因在制备用于治疗肺癌药物中的应用,满足精准医疗的要求。本发明所要解决的另一问题是提供GPR115基因用于肺癌诊断或预后判断的试剂盒中的应用。
为了解决上述问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下
GPR115基因(基因编号,Entrez ID:221393)在制备用于肺癌诊断性试剂盒中的应用。
GPR115基因在制备用于肺癌预后判断的试剂盒中的应用。
GPR115基因在制备用于治疗肺癌药物方面的应用。
所述药物以GPR115基因为靶点设计而成。
所述药物包括以下三条siRNA序列中的一条或多条:
GPR115-shRNA-1:5′-GAUCCAAGAUUCACCUAAAdTdT-3′;
GPR115-shRNA-2:5′-GGAUUUACAUGUAAUCAAAdTdT-3′;
GPR115-shRNA-3:5′-CAUUGAGAGUGUAGCUCAAdTdT-3′。
所述的siRNA序列用于抑制肺癌细胞的增殖或侵袭。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明采用组织芯片和免疫组化技术检测肺癌中GPR115基因的表达情况,发现GPR115蛋白的表达在肺癌组织中明显升高,且GPR115高表达组患者预后较差。此外通过Western blot、Transwell小室等技术,在体外试验中研究下调GPR115基因表达对肺癌细胞增殖侵袭等生物学行为的影响,发现特异性的siRNA序列可以有效抑制肺癌细胞株中GPR115蛋白的表达,使肺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力显著降低。GPR115可以作为肺癌细胞基因诊疗的一个靶点,在制备用于肺癌诊断试剂盒和治疗药物中将具有广泛的应用。
附图说明
图1为TCGA和Oncomine数据库分析GPR115在肺癌组织中mRNA的表达水平图;
图2为IHC检测GPR115在肺癌组织及癌旁组织和正常肺组织中的表达图;A1-3为肺腺癌,癌细胞染色呈强阳性;B1-3为肺鳞癌,癌细胞染色为强阳性;C1-3为肺腺鳞癌,病变细胞染色为强阳性;D1-3为正常肺组织,肺上皮细胞染色为弱阳性或阴性。其中A1-D1为单纯免疫组化染色图片,棕色染色细胞为GPR115表达阳性细胞;A2-D2典型癌细胞部分放大图片,图中黑色箭头指示为癌细胞;A3-D3为多光谱自动病理成像系统的分析结果图,棕褐色表示强阳性(+++)、橘红色表示阳性(++)、黄色表示弱阳性(+)、蓝色表示阴性(-),所有图片均在20×物镜下拍摄,并应用Photoshop在同一放大倍数下取图;
图3为GPR115表达、性别、肺癌分化程度和TNM分期对肺癌患者五年生存率的Kaplan-Meierplotter图,从左至右,从上至下分别为GPR115表达、性别、肺癌分化程度和TNM分期对肺癌患者五年生存率的Kaplan-Meier plotter图(P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义);
图4为Western Blot检测GPR115在转染和为转染肺癌细胞系中的表达情况图;A为GPR115蛋白在A549、H1650、SPCA和H1975肺癌细胞中的表达情况;B为3个siRNA片段对GPR115干扰情况的验证,其中hs-GRP115-siRNA-2抑制效率较高(*p<0.05);
图5为CCK-8实验在相应的时间点检测转染和未转染肺癌细胞的增殖指数图(*p<0.05);
图6为Transwell实验检测GPR115对H1650和SPCA细胞侵袭能力的影响图(*p<0.05);
图7为划痕实验检测GPR115对H1650和SPCA细胞系迁移能力的影响图(*p<0.05)。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步进行说明。
以下实施例中使用的主要试剂为:DAB染色液试剂盒:中国福州迈新生物技术;兔抗人GPR115单克隆抗体:美国Sigma-Aldrich公司,货号HPA007158;GAPDH抗体:中国杭州GOOD HERE公司,货号AB-M-M001;0.01mol/L柠檬酸缓冲液(pH6.0):北京中杉金桥公司;二甲苯、中性树胶等由病理科提供;肺癌细胞株:购自中国上海CBTCCCAS;PVDP膜:美国Millipore公司,货号HATF00010;辣根过氧化物酶标记山羊抗兔/鼠IgG:美国abcam公司;5%BSA:上海国药南通麦杰公司;1640培养基、胎牛血清:美国Thermo Scientifi公司;细胞冻存液:中国苏州新赛美生物科技有限公司;CCK8试剂盒:日本同仁,货号JE603;发光液:美国Millipore公司,货号WBKLS0100;Matrigel胶:美国BD Incorported公司;Transwell小室:美国Corning Incorporated;RPMI-1640完全培养液:按照9∶1加入RPMI-1640与胎牛血清混匀,4℃保存。1×TBST 1L:取Tris 2.42g、NaCl 8.0g、Tween-200.5mL,混合溶解,用双蒸水定容至1L,常温保存。1×电泳液1L:Tris 3.02g、甘氨酸18.8g、SDS 1g,加双蒸水定容至1L,混合均匀,常温保存。1×转膜液1L:甘氨酸14.4g、Tris 3.03g,加双蒸水搅拌溶解,再加200mL无水甲醇,定容至1L,混合均匀(用时配制)。封闭液100mL:取脱脂奶粉5g,加入100mL 1×TBST,混合溶解即可(需用时配制)。
以下实施例中使用的主要仪器如下:全自动病理成像系统:Perkin ElmerVectra,美国;细胞培养箱:美国Thermo Scientific 8000;电泳仪:Bio-Rad公司,型号miniprotean 3cell;电转仪:大连竞迈科技有限公司,型号PS-9;酶标仪:美国Thermo公司,型号MK3;一体式化学发光成像仪:ChemiScope 5300Pro;荧光倒置相差显微镜:Olympus,日本;光学显微镜:XDS-1A。
实施例1:
通过对TCGA和Oncomine数据库的数据分析,得出GPR115在肺癌组织中mRNA的表达水平图,如图1所示,表明GPR115 mRNA在肺腺癌和肺鳞癌组织中均升高,且在IV期肿瘤中升高较显著。
组织标本:纳入2005年1月至2011年4月在南通大学附属医院行手术治疗的299例肺癌患者,搜集其病历资料和肺癌组织标本(包括腺癌156例,鳞癌95例,腺鳞癌47例)。299例患者中,男性198例,女性101例,年龄范围在35-83岁。肺癌的病理分期国际抗癌联盟(Union for International Cancer Control,UICC)在2017年发布的第八版肺癌TNM分期标准。除此之外,我们还纳入同期在南通大学附属医院行手术治疗的96例非肺癌组织(包括正常组织15例、癌旁组织79例和良性肺组织2例)。所有的病例均是由两名病理学专家进行病理组织学确定,患者术前没有接受过免疫治疗、化疗或放疗等治疗。所有新鲜标本在手术后立即用10%甲醛固定,而后脱水并用石蜡包埋,在南通大学病理科制成组织芯片。本研究通过南通大学附属医院伦理委员会审核批准。
免疫组化染色:
(1)脱蜡、水化:将组织芯片先置于二甲苯中脱蜡15分钟,随后分别置于100%乙醇、95%乙醇和70%乙醇中分别浸泡5分钟进行水化;
(2)抗原修复:将切片浸泡在0.01枸橼酸钠缓冲液中,100℃煮30分钟,随后取出自然冷;
(3)阻断内源性过氧化物酶:在组织切片上迅速滴加3%H2O2,避光孵育20分钟以去除内源性过氧化物酶;
(4)封闭:滴加5%BSA溶液室温封闭20分钟;
(5)孵育一抗(抗GPR115单克隆抗体):在组织上滴加稀释好的一抗(1:200),于4℃孵育过夜;
(6)滴加二抗增强液,室温下反应30分钟;
(7)将HRP标记的二抗(辣根过氧化物酶标记山羊抗兔/鼠IgG)滴加在切片上,室温孵育30分钟;
(8)显色:将配好的DAB工作液(1mL稀释液+1滴A液+1滴B液)滴加在芯片上,实时观察染色情况,结束后将芯片置于自来水中缓慢地冲洗5分钟;
(9)复染:将组织芯片放入苏木素染液中,约10-20s,后放于盐酸-乙醇分色液中进行快速脱色,流水冲洗;
(10)脱水和封片:依次放入70%乙醇、95%乙醇、无水乙醇、二甲苯分别5分钟,随后在组织芯片中央滴加一滴中性树脂进行封片并置于通风橱中风干。
染色结果判断:本发明采用了全自动病理成像系统,经病理学家设置参数后进行扫描和评分。肿瘤细胞阳性染色级别记为:0(阴性,蓝色),1+(弱阳性,黄色),2+(阳性,棕红色),3+(强阳性,褐色)。评分结果为各级别阳性细胞染色得分(肿瘤细胞阳性染色级别×该级别细胞所占比率)之和,评分范围为0-300。随后结合X-tile,选取183作为GPR115蛋白表达的临界值(即0-183为GPR115低表达,184-300为GPR115高表达),并使用SPSS V.20.0软件对GPR115表达水平与患者临床病理特征之间的关系进行卡方检验和单因素与多因素回归分析。最后用Kaplan-Meier plotter进行评估GPR115与患者5年生存率的关系。所有检验结果以P<0.05为有统计学意义。
结果:免疫组化结果显示GPR115在细胞膜和细胞质中均有阳性染色,但主要定位于细胞膜上(图2)。其中GPR115在肺癌组织显著增高,约占62.21%(192/299),而癌旁和正常组织阳性率仅有0.01%(1/96),且差异具有统计学意义(Chi square=116.061,P<0.01)。应用Personχ2分析和Studem t检验,GPR115的表达水平与分化程度,TNM分期和浸润深度密切相关,差异有统计学意义(Chi square分别为7.669、12.686和18.906,P均小于0.05,见表1)。Cox回归发现GPR115高表达、男性、分化程度和TNM分期均为肺癌患者的独立预后因素,其Kaplan-Meier plotter生存曲线见图3。Kaplan-Meier plotter生存曲线显示GPR115高表达组比低表达组总体生存率低。
表1 GPR115表达与肺癌患者临床病理特征的关系
*p<0.05,其他a:内瘤样癌,1例。其他b:乳头状腺癌5例;粘液腺癌2例;肿瘤性癌1例;腺癌3例;鳞状细胞癌1例;腺鳞癌14例。
实施例2:
siRNA设计:
针对GPR115基因委托中国南京Biomics公司设计出三个小干扰RNA序列,分别为:
hs-GRP115-si-1:5′-GAUCCAAGAUUCACCUAAAdTdT-3′:
hs-GRP115-si-2:5′-GGAUUUACAUGUAAUCAAAdTdT-3′;
hs-GRP115-si-3:5′-CAUUGAGAGUGUAGCUCAAdTdT-3′;
siRNA-NC:5′-UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUdTdT-3。
肺癌细胞系的培养:
四种肺癌细胞系H1650、A549、H1975和SPCA均使用含10%的RPMI 1640培养基培养,环境保持在37℃、5%CO2。每1-2天换液一次并选取处于对数生长期的细胞进行实验。
siRNA转染:
(1)设置5组对照组,分别为:正常细胞组(CK)、沉默NC组(siRNANC)、沉默siRNA 1组(hs-GPR115-si-1)、沉默siRNA2组(hs-GPR115-si-2)和沉默siGPR115 3组(hs-GPR115-si-3);
(2)按照每孔siRNA 75p mol的量,加到100μL Opti-MEM中;
(3)Lipofectamine 2000使用前,轻轻混匀,取7.5μL Lipofectamine2000,加到100μL Opti-MEM中,轻轻混匀,室温孵育5min;
(4)将2和3中的液体混合,室温孵育20min,形成siRNA-Lipofectamine 2000复合物;
(5)将上清液吸掉,PBS清洗细胞。每孔加入200μL siRNA-Lipofectamine 2000复合物到6孔培养板中,轻轻前后摇匀;
(6)37℃,5%CO2培养箱内培养6h后,吸掉上清液,加入2mL的RPMI1640完全培养基,于培养箱内培养72h。
蛋白质提取:
将正常细胞和已转染的细胞培养好后,每组分别加入500μL的RIPA裂解液,并加入适量的PMSF,置于冰上裂解2h;12000rpm,4℃,离心10min;移上清于新的EP管中,进行蛋白质定量后贮存于-20℃冰箱。
BCA法蛋白质定量:
(1)绘制标准曲线:取一块酶标板,按照下表(表2)加入试剂
表2酶标板加入试剂说明
孔号 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
蛋白标准液(μL) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
去离子水(μL) | 20 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 |
(2)将BCA试剂A与试剂B按体积比为50∶1配制适量BCA工作液,充分混匀;各孔加入200μL BCA工作液;
(3)把酶标板放在振荡器上振荡30sec,37℃放置30min,然后在562nm下测定吸光度,得到表3结果。
表3蛋白浓度与OD值
浓度(mg/mL) | OD值 | OD-OD<sub>本底</sub> |
0 | 0.079 | 0 |
0.25 | 0.138 | 0.059 |
0.5 | 0.168 | 0.089 |
0.75 | 0.212 | 0.133 |
1 | 0.243 | 0.164 |
1.25 | 0.274 | 0.195 |
1.5 | 0.302 | 0.223 |
1.75 | 0.339 | 0.26 |
以表3中吸光值为纵坐标,蛋白浓度(μg/μL)为横坐标,绘出标准曲线,其方程式为y=0.1423x+0.0158,R2=0.9903。
(4)根据所测样品的吸光值,在标准曲线上即可计算出相应的蛋白浓度(μg/μL),乘以样品稀释倍数5即为样品实际浓度(单位:μg/μL)。根据样品浓度确定上样量,如表4所示。
表4不同细胞系样品的OD值与上样体积
细胞 | OD值 | 上样体积(μL) |
A549 | 0.131 | 7.72 |
H1975 | 0.134 | 7.52 |
H1650 | 0.148 | 6.73 |
SPCA | 0.127 | 8.00 |
CK | 0.156 | 6.36 |
NC | 0.125 | 8.11 |
hs-GRP115-si-1 | 0.153 | 6.46 |
hs-GRP115-si-2 | 0.148 | 6.74 |
hs-GRP115-si-3 | 0.122 | 8.35 |
western blot检测:
(1)分离胶:在安装好的玻璃夹里加入配置好的10%聚丙烯酰胺分离胶,缓慢地注入约1mL异丙醇,常温静置30min左右;
(2)浓缩胶:弃去异丙醇,向分离胶上加入配置好的5%聚丙烯酰胺浓缩胶并迅速插入配套的梳子,常温静置聚合30min左右;
(3)上样:根据蛋白定量的结果相对应的加入200μL EP管中,再在每管中加入染液3μL。每孔蛋白上样质量为25μg。将配制好的PAGE胶放入电泳槽中,加入适量电泳缓冲液,取下梳子用枪轻轻吹打加样孔,避免孔内有余胶残留影响;将准备好的样品用加样枪慢慢加到对应的孔内,注意勿溢出加样孔;
(4)凝胶电泳:一般浓缩胶80V 20min,分离胶120V 1h,可以根据具体实验要求调整电压和时间,当染料到达胶底部时切断电源,停止电泳。
(5)将胶小心的移入转膜缓冲液中,剪下同样大小的PVDF膜,以甲醇浸泡1min,然后水洗2min,剪下同样大小的6块滤纸与PVDF膜,在转膜缓冲液中平衡15min。在转膜装置上从负极到正极放置垫片、滤纸、胶、膜、滤纸、垫片,除去气泡。电压100V,1h左右。
(6)封闭:将转好的PVDF膜放置在5%脱脂牛奶中,室温下封闭2h;
(7)一抗:分别按照1∶200配置抗GPR115单克隆抗体和1∶2000配置抗GAPDH单克隆抗体,滴加在对应PVDF膜上,4℃冰箱过夜;
(8)二抗(辣根过氧化物酶标记山羊抗兔/鼠IgG),用TBST洗涤5次,每次10min。随后根据用量,按1∶2000稀释与一抗相对应的二抗,与膜37℃孵育1h。用TBST洗涤5次,每次10min;
(9)滴加发光液后在一体式化学发光仪上拍摄照片;
(10)使用Image J软件进行量化分析,验证GPR115的表达情况。
结果:由Western blot检测可知:GPR115蛋白在H1650细胞和SPCA细胞表达量较高,故选用这两株细胞进行后续实验。且在H1650细胞中转染GPR115沉默基因后hs-GRP115-si-2沉默效率最高,故选用hs-GRP115-si-2进行后续实验。*P<0.05,**P<0.01,与CK组进行比较(图4)。
实施例3:
CCK8实验检测细胞增殖:
(1)取对数生长期的H1650和SPCA细胞,调整细胞浓度为3×104cells/mL,接种于96孔培养板,每孔100μL,37℃,5%CO2培养箱内培养24h;
(2)实验分组3组:CK组、siRNANC组和hs-GRP115-si-2组;
(3)按实验分组处理细胞,分别培养24h、48h和72h后,在每孔加入10μL的CCK8,37℃,5%CO2培养箱内培养避光孵育4h;
(4)酶标仪492nm波长测出同一时间点OD值,用测得的OD值进行细胞生长变化分析;
(5)应用GraphPad Prism 6绘制细胞生长曲线。
结果:与CK组比较,GPR115沉默后可抑制细胞的增殖,且存在时间依赖性。*P<0.05,**P<0.01,与CK组进行比较(图5)。
Transwell检测细胞侵袭:
(1)人工基底膜制备:取出-20℃保存的Matrigel,将其在4℃下过夜解冻,在4℃进行操作;将无聚碳酸脂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮微孔滤膜(微孔直径8μm)的Boyden小室放置到24孔培养板,形成上下两室。将制备的人工基底膜100μL加入每个Boyden小室的上室,37℃孵育2h使其呈凝胶状。
(2)取处于对数生长期的H1650和SPCA细胞,调整细胞浓度,将10000个细胞接种于上述24孔培养板,每孔300μL。
(3)按实验分组处理细胞,37℃,5%CO2培养箱内培养48h后。
(4)取出小室,吸弃上室液体,用棉签仔细擦净膜上未侵袭的细胞以及人工基底膜胶,37℃预温的PBS液漂洗两次,用冰预冷的4%多聚甲醛固定30min,结晶紫染色10min。
(5)小心将聚碳酯膜自上室基底切取下来,封片后在显微镜下计数浸润到小室背面的细胞。光镜随机视野拍照。
结果:与CK组比较,GPR115沉默后可抑制细胞的侵袭能力,使侵袭细胞数降低。*P<0.05,**P<0.01,与CK组进行比较(图6)。
划痕实验检测细胞迁移:
(1)先用marker笔在3.5cm培养皿背后,用直尺比着,均匀地划横线,大约每隔0.5-1cm一道,横穿过孔。每孔至少穿过5条线;
(2)按实验分组培养细胞,随后在3.5cm培养皿加入约含3×105个细胞悬液,保证过夜细胞密度为90%;
(3)第二天用200μL枪头比着直尺,尽量垂直于背后的横线划痕,枪头要垂直,不要倾斜;
(4)用PBS洗细胞3次,去除划下的细胞;
(5)分别于0h,24h和48h后于倒置显微镜下观察划痕中细胞迁移情况。
结果:与CK组相比,GPR115沉默后可抑制细胞的迁移能力,且存在时间剂量依赖性(图7)。
序列表
<110> 南通大学附属医院
<120> GPR115基因在制备抗肺癌药物及其诊断试剂盒中的应用
<130> 100
<160> 4
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 19
<212> RNA
<213> GPR115-shRNA-1 siRNA序列(Artificial)
<400> 1
gauccaagau ucaccuaaa 19
<210> 2
<211> 19
<212> RNA
<213> GPR115-shRNA-2 siRNA序列(Artificial)
<400> 2
ggauuuacau guaaucaaa 19
<210> 3
<211> 19
<212> RNA
<213> GPR115-shRNA-3 siRNA序列(Artificial)
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<210> 4
<211> 19
<212> RNA
<213> siRNA-NC siRNA序列(Artificial)
<400> 4
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Claims (2)
1.GPR115基因在制备用于治疗肺癌药物方面的应用,其特征在于,所述药物以GPR115基因为靶点设计而成,包括以下三条siRNA序列中的一条或多条:
GPR115-shRNA-1:5'-GAUCCAAGAUUCACCUAAAdTdT-3';
GPR115-shRNA-2:5'-GGAUUUACAUGUAAUCAAAdTdT-3';
GPR115-shRNA-3:5'-CAUUGAGAGUGUAGCUCAAdTdT-3'。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的siRNA序列用于抑制肺癌细胞的增殖或侵袭。
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