CN110702564A - Horizontal type simulation stratified formation mud infiltration and soil body mechanical property change testing arrangement - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a horizontally simulating dynamic film-forming process of layered stratum mud infiltration, and can measure the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of soil mechanical properties during mud infiltration and the change of soil microstructure before and after mud infiltration. The device includes: a test transparent cylinder, a pressure mechanism, a soil measurement mechanism, a scanning electron microscope, and a support mechanism. The invention can simulate the layered strata in the actual project by adding different types of soil, measure the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of the soil pressure and excess pore water pressure in the mud infiltration process, and observe the dynamic film-forming process of the layered stratum mud infiltration; Errors due to dead weight improve accuracy. The device more intuitively and accurately simulates the dynamic film-forming process of the mud infiltration into the front stratum, and measures the temporal and spatial changes of the mechanical properties of the stratum soil during the mud infiltration and the microstructure changes of the soil before and after the mud infiltration, so as to provide mud infiltration for practical engineering. dynamic changes.

Description

A horizontal test device for simulating layered stratum mud penetration and soil mechanical properties changes

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering testing equipment, in particular to a horizontal simulating layered stratum mud infiltration and stratum soil mechanical property change testing device and method.

Background technique

With the rapid development of underground engineering construction technology in my country, no matter in the construction of highway or railway tunnels across rivers (rivers), seas (lakes), urban rail transit tunnels, or municipal underground pipeline projects, mud-water balance shields and mud-water balance roofs Both pipes have been widely used, and the common feature of the two is that mud is injected into the front formation during construction, and the mud infiltrates and forms a dynamic film, thereby maintaining the stability of the excavation surface. At the same time, with the continuous increase of the excavation depth of underground engineering, there are natural sedimentary strata with different mechanical properties in the excavated stratum.

At present, the vertical placement devices are used in the laboratory test studies for simulating mud infiltration, and a single soil layer is arranged. During the test, self-weight can easily lead to large errors in the test results, and there are layers of strata on the excavation surface in actual engineering construction. Therefore, the current indoor simulation test has certain defects in truly reflecting the actual construction.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to simulate the infiltration of layered stratum mud in field construction and eliminate the influence of self-weight, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a horizontal test device and method for simulating the infiltration of layered stratum mud and soil mechanical properties.

The application provides a horizontal test device for simulating layered stratum mud penetration and soil mechanical properties change, including: a test transparent cylinder, a pressure mechanism, a soil measurement mechanism, a scanning electron microscope, and a support mechanism.

The said test transparent cylinder includes: the upper and lower sides of the test plexiglass cylinder, left and right cover plates, and a water filtration amount measuring mechanism. The test organic cylinder is divided into an upper side and a lower side. The arc-shaped organic cylinder has an outer edge of the cylinder and has grooves. The upper and lower cylinders are connected by gaskets and bolts; the two ends of the cover plate are connected to the plexiglass cylinder. There are grooves, which are connected by sealing gaskets and bolts; there is an air inlet hole on the right cover plate, and the pressurized air pump is connected with the air inlet hole through the air inlet pipe. There is a valve at the front and back; there is a drain hole on the left cover plate, and the water filter device is located on the underside of the tail cover plate; the water filter device is composed of a measuring cylinder and an electronic balance; the supporting mechanism is placed under the lower cylinder body to fix the cylinder body position.

Preferably, in the upper plexiglass cylinder, there is a scale at the arc-shaped top of the cylinder, and a grouting hole, a pressure gauge hole and a safety valve hole are arranged near the right cover plate; The data line orifice of the earth pressure box and the hole pressure gauge; the lower plexiglass cylinder is provided with a slurry discharge hole near the right cover plate, and the earth pressure box and hole pressure are arranged 15cm and 40cm away from the left cover plate. The data line orifice of the meter, the earth pressure box and the hole pressure gauge for measuring the dynamic film formation process of the soil are a total of four sets of devices, and the data line is sealed and installed in the installation hole through a rubber plug.

Preferably, the lower bracket is used as a fixed bracket for the device to be placed horizontally, and is a ring bracket composed of a steel structure.

Preferably, the pressurizing device includes: a pressurizing air pump, an air intake pipe, and a pressure gauge. The pressure air pump is connected with the pressurizing hole at the right cover plate through the gas pipe, and the pressure gauge is installed to the orifice of the pressure gauge of the organic cylinder on the upper side.

Preferably, the soil measurement system includes: an earth pressure cell, a hole pressure gauge, a connecting data line, a DH3816 static strain testing system, and a computer. An earth pressure cell and a hole pressure gauge are a set of instruments, the thickness of the soil layer is 50cm, and two sets of instruments are placed in the saturated compacted soil body, respectively placed at a height of 15cm and 40cm; the same set of devices is placed in a soil In the layer, the distance between the hole pressure gauge and the earth pressure cell in the same group of devices is 1/4D away from the data orifice; The output is connected to the DH3816 static strain test system, and then connected to the DH3816 static strain test system and the computer through the data cable.

Preferably, the scanning electron microscope includes: an electron optical system, a signal collection and display system, a vacuum system and a power supply system. The structures that need to be scanned by electron microscope in the test include: saturated soil without penetration test in the initial stage, mud film formed after the penetration test, and saturated soil after the penetration test.

In the present invention, the device is placed horizontally, and different soil bodies are added for testing. An earth pressure cell and a hole pressure gauge are arranged in the cylinder. Observe the dynamic changes of soil pressure and excess pore water pressure in the soil during the seepage process, and can reduce the influence of the mud weight in the vertical device, and can more accurately simulate the actual situation of the mud-water shield in the construction process. This horizontal simulation mud The infiltration and soil dynamic change device is simple in structure, easy to use, and easy to disassemble. It can more intuitively and accurately simulate the infiltration of mud into the soil during mud-water shield tunneling, and can measure the time-space variation of the mechanical properties of the soil when it penetrates. And the microscopic changes before and after the infiltration of soil and mud, provide a more detailed dynamic change trend for the mud-water shield in practical engineering.

The present invention also provides a method for testing the change of mud penetration on the mechanical properties of stratum soil, using the above-mentioned horizontal indoor testing device for simulating mud penetration in layered strata, comprising the following steps:

Step S1: add a gasket on the upper side and the lower side of the plexiglass to connect them by bolts, put a gasket between the upper and lower sides of the plexiglass cylinder and the left cover plate and connect them by bolts, and place the gasket in the part where the gasket is placed. All have small grooves.

Step S2: place the plexiglass cylinder with the left cover plate vertically, add permeable stone to its interior, place a 2mm dividing plate along the boundary line of the upper and lower sides of the plexiglass cylinder, place the dividing plate and separate it backwards The two sides of the slab are filled with different soils and compacted, and water is injected from the drainage port at the left cover plate to make it saturated. The hole pressure cells and earth pressure gauges are placed at a distance of 15cm and 40cm from the left cover plate. The device is placed in a soil layer, 1/4D away from the data orifice, and the hole pressure gauge in the same group of devices is 1/2D away from the earth pressure box, and a 2mm*2mm*2mm test block is taken at the placement position of each group of devices. body for scanning electron microscopy.

Step S3: After each layer of soil is saturated and reaches the 50cm soil layer required for the test, take out the 2mm partition plate in the middle, let it rest for 5 minutes, and place it horizontally on the lower cylinder bracket, and bolt the right The cover plate and gasket are connected to the organic cylinder to ensure that each valve is closed, inject mud into the organic cylinder through the grouting port, stop grouting and close the grouting valve when the mud is at the grouting port and is about to overflow.

Step S4: Under the condition of ensuring that the drain valve of the left top cover is open and the measuring cylinder and the electronic balance are completely placed, connect the pressurized air pump to the pressurizing hole at the right cover plate through the gas pipe, and ensure that its grouting hole and grouting hole valve After the pressure gauge is closed and the pressure gauge is working normally, unscrew the valve far from the right cover plate, and while the pressurized air pump is adding air, unscrew the valve close to the upper top pipe, and add air to the cylindrical cylinder.

Step S5: Through the DH3816 static strain test system, the changes of the earth pressure and hole pressure of the soil layers of different soil layers and different depths during the pressurization process are collected in a cycle of 2S. When the time period changes to 0.1g, it means that the soil infiltration is complete, stop the pressurization and close the aeration valve.

Step S6: after the penetration is completed, the gas inside the cylindrical cylinder is discharged and then the slurry valve is opened, the mud in the plexiglass cylinder is discharged and the upper left cover is removed, and the plexiglass cylinder is removed after the upper left cover is removed. Remove the bolts on the upper and lower sides, remove the plexiglass cylinder on the upper side, measure the thickness of the mud film formed, and take a 2mm*2mm*2mm test block at each set of earth pressure cells and hole pressure gauges and place them on the mud film. Take out a 2mm*2mm*2mm test block for scanning electron microscope test.

Step S7: Use the test blocks obtained in step S2 and step S6 for scanning electron microscope test, observe the microscopic changes of the soil before and after infiltration, compare the test blocks of different heights and different soil layers, and observe the preparation of mud. Penetration performance in different soil layers and depths.

In step S5, it further includes, when the pressure indicated in the pressure gauge drops a little momentarily, or the sound of intake air in the water filter volume container is heard, or the water filter device begins to have water droplets, start recording the time, and measure the time from the filter to the filter. The total amount of filtered water that can be produced from the beginning of the water volume to the end of the final infiltration.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the present invention has the following advantages:

The test device places the test cylinder horizontally and places different types of soil on the upper and lower sides, which can more intuitively and accurately simulate the layered strata appearing in the actual engineering construction, and eliminates the influence of the dead weight of the vertical device on the test results; The dynamic process of mud infiltration is tracked by measuring the dynamic changes of earth pressure and excess pore water pressure during the mud infiltration process by placing the earth pressure cell and pore pressure gauge in the test saturated soil; by observing and comparing the soil microstructure before and after mud infiltration The change can more intuitively and accurately reflect the mud permeability of the stratum and its influence on the mechanical properties of the soil.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification, and are used to explain the present invention together with the following specific embodiments, and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention.

Figure 1 is a front view of a horizontal indoor simulating layered stratum mud infiltration and measuring soil mechanical properties change device;

Figure 2 is a top view of a horizontal indoor simulated layered stratum mud infiltration and measurement of soil mechanical properties change device;

Figure 3 is the left side view of the horizontal indoor simulating layered stratum mud infiltration and measuring the change of soil mechanical properties;

Figure 4 is the right side view of the horizontal indoor simulating layered stratum mud infiltration and measuring the change of soil mechanical properties;

Reference signs: 1- the upper side of the plexiglass cylinder, 2- the lower side of the plexiglass cylinder, 3- the right cover plate, 4- the left cover plate, 5- the connecting bolts of the upper and lower cylinders, 6- the scale line of the upper cylinder , 7- Connecting cylinder cover plate bolts, 8- Pressure gauge, 9- Grouting orifice, 10- Air inlet pipe, 11- Pressurized air pump, 12- Safety valve orifice, 13- Discharge orifice, 14- Inlet Air port left valve, 15- anti-leak movement bottle mouth orifice, 16- air inlet right valve, 17- support mechanism, 18- drain orifice, 19- drain hole valve, 20- earth pressure box and hole pressure gauge , 21- Data cable hole, 22- Connecting data cable, 23- Measuring cylinder, 24- Electronic balance, 25- Left cover plate sealing ring, 26- Right cover plate sealing ring, 27- Organic cylinder upper and lower side sealing ring, 28 - Static strain tester, 29 - Computer.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the conditions of this experiment and the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides a horizontal test device for simulating layered stratum mud penetration and stratum soil mechanical properties change, including: a test transparent cylinder, a pressurizing mechanism, a soil measuring mechanism, Scanning electron microscope, support mechanism.

The main test equipment includes: the upper side of the plexiglass cylinder 1 , the lower side of the plexiglass cylinder 2 , the right cover 3 , and the left cover 4 . Mechanism for measuring the amount of filtered water (measuring cylinder 23 , electronic balance 24 ), and supporting mechanism 17 . The pressurizing equipment includes a pressurizing air pump 11 , an air intake pipe 10 , and a pressure gauge 9 . The soil measurement system includes an earth pressure cell, a hole pressure gauge 20, and a static strain testing system 28; the scanning electron microscope includes an electron optical system, a signal collection and display system, a vacuum system and a power supply system.

The test main equipment includes the upper side 1 of the organic cylinder and the lower side 2 of the organic test cylinder, both sides are connected by gaskets and bolts 5; the right cover 3, the left cover 4 and the plexiglass cylinders 1 and 2 are sealed The pad is connected with the bolt 7; the water filtering device is placed under the drain pipe 18 on the lower side of the left cover plate 4, and is composed of a measuring cylinder 23 and an electronic balance 24; the supporting mechanism 17 is placed under the lower cylinder 2 to fix the position of the cylinder .

A right transparent scale line 6 is arranged at the fixed end of the circular arc above the upper cylinder body 1. The position where the soil layer is added can be observed through the scale line 6. It is recommended that each layer of soil be added to 10cm to tamp and saturate; There are pressure gauge holes at the upper organic cylinder at 3 places for setting pressure gauge 8, grouting hole 9 for mud injection after filling, and safety valve 12 to ensure the safety of the cylinder when it is pressurized; The middle of the right cover plate 3 is provided with an air intake hole (a valve 14, an anti-leakage movement bottle mouth orifice 15, a valve 16), which is connected with the pressurized air pump 11 through an air pipe 10; the lower end of the left cover plate 4 is provided with a drainage hole 18, Valve 19.

The upper organic cylinder 1 and the lower organic cylinder 2 are provided with grooves at the outer edges of the two, and a gasket 27 is provided between the two. The side 2 is connected with the gasket 27; the gasket 26 is placed between the connected organic cylinder and the left cover plate 4 and connected by bolts 7; the gasket is placed between the connected test cylinder and the right cover plate 3 25 and connect by bolt 7.

The upper side test cylinder 1 and the lower side test cylinder 2 are provided with data line connection holes 21 for the earth pressure cell and the hole pressure gauge 20 at 15cm and 40cm away from the left cover plate. The pressure gauge 20 is connected to a static strain tester 28. The static strain tester 28 is connected to a computer 29 through a data line.

A slurry discharge hole 13 is provided on the lower plexiglass cylinder 2 near the right cover plate 3 for discharging the slurry after the test. A measuring cylinder 23 is placed under the drainage hole 18 provided on the bottom plate of the left cover 4, and the measuring cylinder is placed above the electronic balance 24 to observe the change and total amount of filtered water.

During the test, the upper plexiglass cylinder 1 is a type of soil body, and the lower plexiglass cylinder 2 is another type of soil body, which can better simulate the conditions of different soil layers during shield excavation during construction. During the test pressurization, the pressurized air pump 11 is connected to the air inlet hole in the right cover plate 3 (the valve 14, the anti-leak movement bottle mouth-shaped orifice 15, the valve 16) through the air pipe 10, and the pressure gauge 8 is used to measure the pressure. The air pressure inside the test cylinder is ensured by the safety valve 12 to ensure the stability and safety during the test pressurization.

In addition to the above-mentioned horizontal indoor simulated layered stratum mud infiltration and measurement device for soil dynamic change, the present application also provides a method for testing the change of mud infiltration on the mechanical properties of stratum soil, using the above-mentioned horizontal indoor simulated layered stratum mud The device for infiltration and measurement of soil dynamic changes includes the following steps:

Step S1: add a gasket on the upper side and the lower side of the plexiglass to connect them by bolts, put a gasket between the upper and lower sides of the plexiglass cylinder and the left cover plate and connect them by bolts, and place the gasket in the part where the gasket is placed. All have small grooves.

Step S2: place the plexiglass cylinder with the left cover plate vertically, add permeable stone to its interior, place a 2mm dividing plate along the boundary line of the upper and lower sides of the plexiglass cylinder, place the dividing plate and separate it backwards The two sides of the slab are filled with different soils and compacted, and water is injected from the drainage port at the left cover plate to make it saturated. The hole pressure cells and earth pressure gauges are placed at a distance of 15cm and 40cm from the left cover plate. The device is placed in a soil layer, 1/4D away from the data orifice, and the hole pressure gauge in the same group of devices is 1/2D away from the earth pressure box, and a 2mm*2mm*2mm test block is taken at the placement position of each group of devices. body for scanning electron microscopy.

Step S3: After each layer of soil is saturated and reaches the 50cm soil layer required for the test, take out the 2mm partition plate in the middle, let it rest for 5 minutes, and place it horizontally on the lower cylinder bracket, and bolt the right The cover plate and gasket are connected to the organic cylinder to ensure that each valve is closed, inject mud into the organic cylinder through the grouting port, stop grouting and close the grouting valve when the mud is at the grouting port and is about to overflow.

Step S4: Under the condition that the drain valve of the lower jacking pipe is open and the measuring cylinder and the electronic balance are completely placed, connect the pressurized air pump to the pressurized hole at the right cover plate through the gas pipe, and ensure that the valve of the grouting hole and the grouting hole is ensured. After the pressure gauge is closed and the pressure gauge is working normally, unscrew the valve far from the right cover plate, and while the pressurized air pump is adding air, unscrew the valve close to the upper top pipe, and add air to the cylindrical cylinder.

Step S5: Through the DH3816 static strain test system, the changes of the earth pressure and hole pressure of the soil layers of different soil layers and different depths during the pressurization process are collected in a cycle of 2S. When the time period changes to 0.1g, it means that the soil infiltration is complete, stop the pressurization and close the aeration valve.

Step S6: after the penetration is completed, the gas inside the cylindrical cylinder is discharged and then the slurry valve is opened, the mud in the plexiglass cylinder is discharged and the upper left cover is removed, and the plexiglass cylinder is removed after the upper left cover is removed. Remove the bolts on the upper and lower sides, remove the plexiglass cylinder on the upper side, measure the thickness of the mud film formed, and take a 2mm*2mm*2mm test block at each set of earth pressure cells and hole pressure gauges and place them on the mud film. Take out a 2mm*2mm*2mm test block for scanning electron microscope test.

Step S7: The test blocks obtained in steps 2 and 6 are used for scanning electron microscopy testing, and the microscopic changes of the soil before and after infiltration are observed, and the test blocks of different heights and soil layers are compared, and the prepared mud is observed. Permeability in different soil layers and heights.

In step S5, it further includes, when the pressure indicated in the pressure gauge drops a little momentarily, or the sound of intake air in the water filter volume container is heard, or the water filter device begins to have water droplets, start recording the time, and measure the time from the filter to the filter. The total amount of filtered water that can be produced from the beginning of the water volume to the end of the final infiltration.

Examples, please refer to the accompanying drawings:

A horizontal type testing device for simulating layered stratum mud penetration and stratum soil mechanical properties change, comprising: test main equipment, pressurizing equipment, dynamic change observation device for soil mechanical properties, and scanning electron microscope.

The main test equipment includes: the upper side of the plexiglass cylinder 1 , the lower side of the plexiglass cylinder 2 , the right cover 3 , and the left cover 4 . A device for measuring the amount of filtered water (a graduated cylinder 23, an electronic balance 24), and a lower cylinder support 17. The pressurizing equipment includes a pressurizing air pump 11 , an air pressure pipe 10 , and a pressure gauge 9 . The soil measurement system includes an earth pressure cell, a hole pressure gauge 20, and a static strain testing system 28; the scanning electron microscope includes an electron optical system, a signal collection and display system, a vacuum system and a power supply system.

The specific implementation steps are as follows:

A. Place the gasket 27 in the middle of the upper plexiglass cylinder 1 and the lower plexiglass cylinder 2, and fix it by bolts 5; Connect it; make sure the valve 19 on the drain 18 is closed and place the device upright.

B. Place a permeable stone inside the combined cylinder, and place a 2mm partition plate at the connection between the upper organic cylinder and the lower organic cylinder to separate the compaction of different soils on both sides. It can be compacted, and two different types of soil are filled on both sides of the dividing plate, and the compacted soil is saturated through the drainage holes 18, and then the next layer of soil is filled.

C. When the soil is filled to 15cm and 40cm, place an earth pressure cell and a hole pressure gauge. A set of devices should be placed at different heights and different soil bodies. The earth pressure box and hole pressure gauge 20 are connected through the data line 22. The static strain tester 28 is connected to the static strain tester 28 through the reserved orifice 21, and the static strain tester 28 is connected to the computer 29 through the data cable. test.

D. The filling can be stopped when the soil is filled to 50cm. After the soil is compacted and saturated, the 2mm dividing plate is taken out. After the device is allowed to stand for 5 minutes, it is placed horizontally on the lower cylinder support 17. A gasket 25 is placed between the test cylinder and the right cover plate 3 and connected by bolts 7 .

E. After ensuring the normal operation of the air pressure gauge 8 and the closing of the slurry valve 17 , the grouting hole 9 and the valves 14 and 16 , connect the pressurized air pump to the air inlet hole through the air pipe 10 . After opening the drain valve 19 at the bottom of the left cover plate 4, open the valve 16 so that the leak-proof movement bottle mouth 15 communicates with the pressurized air pump 11, and open the valve 14 while pressurizing so that the air pump is connected to the test cylinder connected for pressurization.

F. In the process of pressurization, the soil dynamic changes are measured through the earth pressure cell and the hole pressure gauge 20, and the obtained data is transmitted to the computer 29 through the static strain tester 28 for display. When the change of the filtered water quality in the graduated cylinder 18 in the filtered water amount collection device is less than 0.1 g in a certain period of time, it indicates that the mud infiltration process is completed.

G. After the mud infiltration is completed, the test cylinder is exhausted through the safety valve 12, and then the mud in the cylinder is discharged through the slurry valve 13, the right cover plate 3 and the left cover plate 4 are removed, and the upper plexiglass cylinder is removed. 1. Measure the thickness of the mud film formed by the mud, and read the value in the measuring cylinder 23. A test block of 2mm*2mm*2mm was taken from each set of earth pressure cells and hole pressure gauges, and a test block of 2mm*2mm*2mm was taken out of the mud film for scanning electron microscope test.

H. Use the test blocks obtained in step C and step G for scanning electron microscope test, observe the microscopic changes of the soil before and after infiltration, compare the test blocks of different heights and different soil layers, and observe the prepared mud in the Permeability in different soil layers and at different heights.

The horizontal indoor simulated layered stratum mud infiltration and soil dynamic change device and method provided by the present invention are described above in detail. The principles and implementations of the present invention are described herein by using specific test examples, and the descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and the core idea of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. A horizontal type simulation layered stratum mud penetration and soil mechanical property change testing device, it is characterized in that: comprise test transparent cylinder, pressurization mechanism, soil measurement mechanism, scanning electron microscope, support mechanism. The test transparent cylinder includes: upper and lower sides of the test plexiglass cylinder, left and right cover plates, and a mechanism for measuring the amount of filtered water. The upper and lower sides of the plexiglass cylinder are fixedly connected by bolts, and the left and right cover plates are directly connected by bolts. The left cover plate is provided with a drain pipe, and the bottom of the drain pipe is connected to a measuring mechanism for filtered water; the upper side of the plexiglass cylinder is provided with Transparent scale lines, grouting holes, safety valve installation holes, and pressure gauge installation holes; the underside of the plexiglass is provided with a slurry discharge hole; the right cover plate is provided with an air intake hole connected to the pressurizing mechanism. The soil measurement mechanism includes an earth pressure cell and a hole pressure gauge symmetrically arranged in the cylinder, and the earth pressure box and the hole pressure gauge are respectively connected with a static strain tester arranged on one side of the cylinder through a data line. Scanning electron microscope is used to observe the change of soil microstructure before and after mud infiltration and the performance of infiltration to form mud film. The supporting mechanism is placed on the lower side of the cylinder to ensure the stability of the cylinder during the test. 2. A horizontal type simulating layered stratum mud penetration and soil mechanical property change testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water filtration measuring mechanism comprises an electronic scale placed on the ground, above the electronic scale Equipped with measuring cylinder. 3. a kind of horizontal simulating layered stratum mud penetration and soil mechanical property change test device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the plexiglass cylinders on the upper and lower sides and the left and right sides that are connected and fixed with the cylinder The cover plate and the side walls are all provided with grooves which are matched with the cylinder body, and the grooves are provided with sealing rings which are then fixed by bolts. 4. a kind of horizontal simulating layered stratum mud penetration and soil mechanical property change testing device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the upper plexiglass cylinder body has grouting holes near the right cover plate, safety Valve and pressure gauge holes, and there is a transparent scale at the top of the upper cylinder arc; the lower plexiglass cylinder has a slurry discharge hole near the right cover; the upper and lower plexiglass is 15cm away from the cylinder near the left cover. There is a data connection port at 40cm, and there are mounting holes on each side of the organic cylinder. 5. a kind of horizontal simulation layered stratum mud penetration and soil mechanical property change testing device according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the upper and lower organic cylinders are symmetrically provided with mounting holes on the left side, the earth pressure box and the hole The pressure data cable is installed in the mounting hole through the rubber plug seal. 6 . A horizontal type testing device for simulating layered stratum mud penetration and soil mechanical properties change according to claim 1 , wherein the pressurizing mechanism comprises a pressurizing air pump, an air inlet pipe, and a pressure gauge. 7 . The pressurized air pump is connected to the air inlet hole at the right cover through the air intake pipe, and the pressure gauge is installed to the pressure gauge hole of the upper plexiglass cylinder; the pressurized air pump can control its pressure value through automatic adjustment. 7. A kind of horizontal simulating layered stratum mud penetration and soil mechanical property change testing device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the pressurized orifice of the right cover plate is a small cylindrical pipe, and it comprises two valves and the anti-leakage movement bottle mouth orifice in the middle thereof, and the anti-leak movement bottle mouth orifice is placed in the middle of the two valves. 8. a kind of horizontal simulation layered stratum mud infiltration and soil mechanics characteristic change testing device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in soil measuring system, earth pressure and excess pore water pressure automatically collect data by computer, The acquisition period is 2s. The earth pressure cell and the hole pressure gauge are connected with the DH3816 static strain test system through the data line, and the DH3816 static strain test system is connected with the computer, and the corresponding data collection is carried out in the fixed software. 9. A kind of horizontal simulating layered stratum mud penetration and stratum soil mechanical property change testing device according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: described support mechanism is a U-shaped support with plexiglass cylinder on the tripod ring, and the supporting mechanisms are arranged in pairs on the left and right sides of the plexiglass cylinder. 10. A test method for horizontally simulating the change of layered stratum mud infiltration on the mechanical properties of stratum soil, characterized in that the horizontal indoor testing device for simulating layered stratum mud penetration described in any one of requirements 1 to 9 is used , including the following steps: Step S1: connect the upper and lower sides of the plexiglass cylinder with the left cover plate with bolts and gaskets respectively; Step S2: adding permeable stone, saturated layered soil, earth pressure cell and hole pressure gauge, and saturated layered soil to the connected test cylinder in turn, and sealed it with the right cover plate and placed it horizontally, where in the Take the test block from the earth pressure cell and the hole pressure gauge for later electron microscope test; Step S3: inject mud into the horizontally placed test cylinder; Step S4: under the normal operation of the measuring mechanism, pressurize the test cylinder through the air inlet; Step S5: collect earth pressure and pore pressure test data by DH3816 static strain test system, and observe the amount of filtered water after the penetration is stabilized; Step S6: after the penetration is completed, take the test block of the same size as that of step S2 at the soil pressure box and the hole pressure gauge, measure the thickness of the mud film and take the mud film test block of the same size; Step S7: use the test blocks obtained in steps S2 and S6 for scanning electron microscopy testing, and observe the microscopic conditions of the soil before and after infiltration. 11. A horizontal test device for simulating layered formation mud penetration and formation soil mechanical properties change according to claim 9, characterized in that: in step S5, it further comprises, when the pressure indicated in the pressure gauge is momentarily slightly There is a drop, or the sound of intake air in the filter volume container is heard, or the filter device starts to record the time when water droplets begin, and measure the total volume of filter water it can produce from the start of the filter volume to the end of the final infiltration.

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