CN110698253A - Rice base fertilizer free of additional greening and tillering and application method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rice base fertilizer that is free from chasing and turning green and tillering fertilizer and an application method thereof. In parts by mass, the base fertilizer includes 26-32 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 6-10 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 8-12 parts of potassium fertilizer, and 2-12 parts of zinc fertilizer. 4 parts, nitrogen fertilizer synergist 1~2 parts, of which the total mass parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are not less than 48 parts. By applying the base fertilizer of the present invention, the rice can be free from rejuvenation and tillering fertilizers, and only one time of topdressing in the jointing period is sufficient. The design of the invention complies with the law of nutrient demand of rice, and under the premise of avoiding chasing and turning green and tillering fertilizer, the base fertilizer can meet the nutrient demand of the rice nutrient critical period (tillering stage), and promote the early growth and rapid development of tillers; the jointing fertilizer can meet the maximum nutrient efficiency period ( The nutrient requirements of the jointing and booting stage) to avoid de-fertilization and premature senescence; therefore, it has a stable fertilizer effect. The method effectively solves the problem of excessive fertilizer input caused by excessively frequent fertilization in the tillering stage of rice, and can maintain a slight increase in yield under the condition that the amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced by 20.3-32.2%, and the nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate, agronomic efficiency, partial productivity and planting benefit are all significantly improved .

Description

A kind of rice basal fertilizer and application method thereof free from recovery and greening and tillering fertilizer

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers and fertilization, in particular to a rice base fertilizer that is free from recovery and greening and tillering fertilizer and an application method thereof.

Background technique

After the rice is transplanted, its growth and development needs to go through three stages: tillering, jointing booting and grain filling. Among them, the tillering period lasted about 4 weeks. In this period, in addition to the application of base fertilizer, farmers used to apply topdressing fertilizer and tillering fertilizer successively, that is, the interval between 3 fertilizations in the tillering period was only about 7 days. Studies have shown that although increasing the number of fertilizations under the same fertilization amount is beneficial to improve the effect of fertilizers, the amount of chemical fertilizers in practice always increases rapidly with the increase of the number of fertilizations, and has become the main factor for excessive input of chemical fertilizers in rice ^[1] ; , Because top dressing is difficult to operate mechanically, frequent fertilization also increases the labor cost of fertilization; more importantly, due to the lag effect of fertilizer efficiency after fertilizer is applied to the soil, frequent fertilization during this period is also very likely to cause fertilizer loss and waste. Reduce fertilizer efficiency.

At present, the solution to the above problems is generally to use slow-release fertilizer as the base fertilizer for one-time fertilization. Due to its outstanding labor-saving characteristics, there have been many reports of stable and increased production of one-time fertilization, and related patents have been published ^[2] . The basic principle of one-time fertilization is to produce slow-release and controlled-release fertilizers by means such as coating, so that the nutrient release can be synchronized with the nutrient demand of crops. There are two peaks of nutrient absorption after rice transplanting. One is the tillering period, which absorbs about 35% to 45% of the nutrients in the whole growth period (mainly provided by base fertilizer, greening fertilizer and tillering fertilizer), which is the critical nutrient absorption. The second is the jointing booting stage, which absorbs about 40% to 45% of the total growth period of nutrients (mainly provided by jointing fertilizer), which is the maximum efficiency period of nutrient absorption ^[3] . Due to the influence of climate and soil properties in different regions, the nutrient release of slow and controlled-release fertilizers often does not match the nutrient demand of crops. Especially in the sun-dried fields after the tillering period, the soil temperature and humidity change drastically, resulting in increased fertilizer losses, and rice is the largest. The efficiency period is easy to de-fertilize and prematurely senesce, the effect of one-time fertilization is not stable ^[4-5] , and it is rarely used in rice production due to its high fertilizer price ^[6] .

Therefore, in view of the excessive and waste of chemical fertilizer input, increased labor cost, unstable effect of one-time fertilization and high fertilizer cost caused by multiple fertilization during the tillering stage of rice, in order to meet the needs of farmers for light, simplified and low-cost technologies, it is urgently needed. Improve the performance and application methods of existing base fertilizers, so that under the premise of reducing the number of fertilizations and the amount of chemical fertilizers and saving labor costs, it not only conforms to the law of rice fertilizer requirements to meet the nutrient requirements of rice in key growth periods, but also improves fertilizer efficiency and planting benefits.

references:

[1] Ning Yunwang, Zhang Hui, Zhang Yongchun. The north-south differences in rice planting behavior in Jiangsu province and its impact on fertilizer input—taking Suzhou and Yancheng as examples. Jiangsu Agricultural Journal, 2018, 34(3): 533～539.

[2] Sun Yixiang, Yuan Manman, Zhang Xiangming, et al. A fertilizer suitable for one-time fertilization of rice and its preparation method. CN 108440054A (application number 201810348794.9).

[3] Li Chao, Wei Huanhe, Xu Junwei, et al. Characteristics of nitrogen accumulation and transport in Yongyou series indica-japonica hybrid rice. Chinese Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(5): 1177～1186.

[4] Wei Haiyan, Li Hongliang, Cheng Jinqiu, et al. Effects of slow-release fertilizer types and operations on the yield of rice with different panicle types [J]. Chinese Journal of Crops, 2017, 43(5): 730～740.

[5] Terry J R, Peter Q, Stephen G M, et al. No evidence for higheragronomic N use efficiency or lower nitrous oxide emissions from enhancedefficiency fertilizers in aerobic subtropical rice. Field Crops Research, 2018, (225): 47-54.

[6] Zhu Weifeng, Lu Ruohui, Kong Haimin, et al. Use of slow and controlled release fertilizers in Zhejiang Province in 2015 and suggestions for development. Zhejiang Agricultural Science, 2017, 58(11): 1873～1875, 1880.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the problems of frequent fertilization in the tillering stage of rice resulting in excessive and waste of chemical fertilizer input and increase of labor cost, and the problems of unstable effect and high fertilizer price due to the mismatch of the fertilizer demand law of rice with slow-release fertilizer as base fertilizer, the invention provides a The utility model relates to a rice base fertilizer and an application method for cultivating and turning green and tillering fertilizers, so as to reduce the frequency of fertilization, the input of chemical fertilizers, and save labor costs, while stabilizing the effect of fertilizers, improving the efficiency of fertilizers and planting benefits.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A rice basal fertilizer that is free from chasing and turning green and tillering fertilizer. In parts by mass, the basal fertilizer formula includes the following components: 26-32 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 6-10 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 8-12 parts of potassium fertilizer, and 2-4 parts of zinc fertilizer, 1-2 parts of nitrogen fertilizer synergist, of which the total mass parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are not less than 48 parts.

Described a kind of rice basal fertilizer that is free from chasing and turning green and tillering fertilizer: nitrogen fertilizer is medium-grain or large-grain urea (46.0% N content), and phosphate fertilizer is granular diammonium phosphate (18.0% N content, 48.0% P ₂ O ₅ content) %), granular calcium superphosphate (containing 14.0% of P ₂ O ₅ content), granular heavy superphosphate (containing 45.0% of P ₂ O ₅ content) or granular calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (containing 14.0% of P ₂ O ₅ content) One or more, potassium fertilizer is granular potassium chloride (containing K ₂ O content 60.0%), zinc fertilizer is agricultural granular zinc sulfate (containing Zn content 25.0-33.0%), nitrogen fertilizer synergist is dicyandiamide (content ≥ 99.5%), which can be specifically combined according to the fertilizer formula.

Preferably, the above-mentioned rice base fertilizer formula is 28 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 8 parts of phosphorus fertilizer, 12 parts of potassium fertilizer, 2 parts of zinc fertilizer, and 2 parts of nitrogen fertilizer synergist, wherein the total mass of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 48 parts.

The said one kind of rice base fertilizer that does not need to recover and turn green and tiller fertilizer is prepared by putting all kinds of raw materials into a mixer, stirring at 10 r/min for 6-8 minutes, and fully mixing the obtained fertilizer and sending it into metering. Pack it.

The application method of the rice basal fertilizer: the fertilization method is related to the fertilization operation conditions of the farmers. It can be applied before rice transplanting and mixed into the soil in combination with soil preparation, or it can be applied deeply after soil preparation and when the rice is transplanted.

The application method of the rice basal fertilizer: the amount of fertilizer is related to soil fertility (except soil with weak water and fertilizer retention), in terms of pure nitrogen quality, high-fertility soil accounts for 60% of the total amount, medium-fertility soil accounts for 55%, and low-fertility soil accounts for 55%. 50%.

The application method of the rice basal fertilizer: after the basal fertilizer is applied, it needs to be topdressed in the jointing period, and the topdressing in the jointing period is ordinary urea.

Further, to implement the method of the present invention, that is, before applying the rice basal fertilizer, the steps of harvesting the previous crop, returning the straw to the field, and preparing the land are also required.

Among them: if the previous crop is wheat, the specific requirements for harvesting include: harvesting the wheat with a combine harvester equipped with a straw chopping and even throwing device, and evenly throwing the straw on the field after chopping, the chopping length of the straw is less than or equal to 10cm, and the remaining The average height of stubble is ≤15cm.

Among them, the specific requirements for straw returning to the field include: the straw returning machinery can use rotary tillage or ploughing, and the straw returning method can be dry returning to the field or water to the field. The depth of rotary tillage should reach 12-15cm, the depth of ploughing should reach 20-25cm, and the straw returning rate after returning to the field should reach more than 85%.

Among them: when the straw is returned to the field dry, first bury the grass, and then put the water to soak the field; when the straw is returned to the field, put the water to soak the field first, and then bury the grass. The soaking time is based on soaking the soft straw and soaking the soil tillage layer. See soil at high places, store water at low places, and prepare the land without waves.

Among them: the soil preparation operation requires that the field surface is flat and tidy, the height difference in the field is not more than 3cm, and the soil is thin on the top and thick on the bottom, soft on the top and firm on the bottom.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) The application of the rice basal fertilizer provided by the present invention can avoid the need for rejuvenation and tillering fertilizer, and it is sufficient to apply fertilizer only once in the jointing period.

(2) The rice basal fertilizer provided by the present invention is aimed at excessive and wasteful chemical fertilizer input and increased labor costs due to frequent fertilization in the tillering stage of rice, and the use of slow-release fertilizers as basal fertilizers for one fertilization has unstable effects due to the mismatch with the rice fertilizer requirements. In order to solve the problem of high fertilizer prices, it is designed according to the law of rice nutrient demand, and it is a kind of rice base fertilizer that can avoid the recovery of green and tiller fertilizer by mixing with common commercial fertilizer raw materials in the market.

(3) The rice basal fertilizer provided by the present invention contains a relatively high nitrogen fertilizer mass fraction and is added with a nitrogen fertilizer synergist, which can meet the demand for fertilizer nutrients of rice in the critical period of nutrients under the conditions of no recovery of green and tiller fertilizer, so that the rice Maintaining a high concentration of nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrogen for a longer period of time in the tillering period is beneficial to promote early tiller growth and rapid development after rice transplanting (Feng Laiding et al. The relationship between soil ammonium nitrogen concentration and the occurrence and termination of rice tillering. Zhejiang Agricultural Journal, 1993) , improve the ear formation rate, and lay the foundation for the high and stable yield of rice.

(4) The rice base fertilizer application method provided by the present invention, top-dressing the jointing fertilizer at the jointing and booting stage of the rice, can meet the demand for fertilizer nutrients of the rice in the nutrient maximum efficiency period, prevent the rice from de-fertilizing and premature aging, and is the guarantee of high and stable rice production.

(5) Multi-regional test demonstrations for many years show that the application of the rice base fertilizer of the present invention, which is free from chasing and turning green and tillering fertilizer, can stabilize rice yield, improve fertilizer efficiency and planting benefit while reducing the input of chemical fertilizer, and the use effect in different regions is stable. Reducing the application of chemical fertilizers and increasing the efficiency of rice fertilizers provides a scientific, light and simplified effective solution.

Detailed ways

The following examples are detailed descriptions of the implementation process of the present invention. The detailed implementation manner and specific operation process are based on the technical solution of the present invention, and should not and will not limit the present invention described in detail in the claims.

Example 1 Preparation of rice basal fertilizer for free from chasing and turning green and tillering fertilizer

Preparation of a nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer (NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O) mass fraction of 28-8-12, 2 parts of zinc fertilizer, 2 parts of nitrogen fertilizer synergist, no back-greening, tillering fertilizer of rice base fertilizer, The specific steps include: firstly purchasing the following fertilizer raw materials from the market, and weighing each raw material component according to the following parts by mass: 545 kg of medium granular urea, 163 kg of granular diammonium phosphate, 11 kg of granular superphosphate, 200 kg of granular potassium chloride, containing Zinc 33.0% granular zinc sulfate 61kg, dicyandiamide 20kg. The said fertilizer raw materials are put into the mixer together, stirred for 8 minutes at 10 r/min, fully mixed and then sent to the metering package, that is, the NP ₂ O ₅ -K ₂ O mass fraction is 28-8-12 free of charge. The rice base fertilizer for recovering green and tiller fertilizers.

Example 2 The stable yield effect of the rice basal fertilizer that does not need to recover and turn green and tiller fertilizer

From 2016 to 2018, experiments and production demonstrations were carried out in Dianshanhu Town, Kunshan, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, Nandu Town, Liyang City, Changzhou City, and Zhangdian Town, Jiangyan City, Taizhou City. The soil fertility of the lake is high, the soil fertility of Nandu is medium, and the soil fertility of Zhangdian is low. According to the target rice yield, the recommended nitrogen application rates for rice grown on the three soils are 210kgN/ha, 240kgN/ha and 270kgN/ha, respectively, of which basal nitrogen (pure nitrogen) accounts for 60%, 55% and 50%, respectively. During the specific implementation, select contiguous farmland operated by cooperatives or farms, and select fields with basically the same soil fertility, irrigation and drainage conditions, and output over the years to carry out production demonstrations. In the three demonstration sites, farmers' habitual fertilization was used as the control, and the application effect verification of rice basal fertilizer and its application method without recovery and tiller fertilizer was carried out.

As can be seen in Table 1, using the rice base fertilizer of the present invention that is free from recovery of green manure and tiller fertilizer on three demonstration sites, compared with the habitual fertilization base fertilizer using broad-spectrum compound fertilizer (15-15-15), the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced by 20.3%～ Under the condition of 32.2%, there were no significant differences in the yield components such as the number of panicles per square, the number of grains per panicle, the seed setting rate and the 1000-grain weight, and the grain yield of rice increased slightly by 2.5% to 4.1%.

Table 1 Effects of rice basal fertilizers on rice yield without rejuvenation and tillering fertilizers

Example 3 Rice basal fertilizer free from chasing and turning green and tillering fertilizer significantly improves nitrogen fertilizer efficiency

The implementation steps are the same as those in Example 2. It can be seen from Table 2 that the rice base fertilizer of the present invention, which is free from chasing and turning green and tillering fertilizer, is used as the base fertilizer on the three demonstration sites. Compared with the habitual fertilization of farmers, the nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate, agronomic efficiency and The partial productivity increased by 4.7%-23.6%, 30.3%-42.9% and 25.7%-31.8% respectively.

Table 2 Effects of rice basal fertilizers without rejuvenation and tillering fertilizer on nitrogen fertilizer efficiency of rice

Example 4 The rice basal fertilizer that is free from chasing and turning green and tillering fertilizer significantly improves the benefit of rice planting

The implementation steps are the same as those in Example 2. As shown in Table 3, in the three demonstration sites, the fertilizer cost of the present invention can be reduced by 38 to 376 yuan/ha under the condition that the amount of chemical fertilizer is reduced by 20.3% to 32.2%. , the labor cost of fertilization decreased by 300 yuan/ha, and the net income of rice increased by 1179 yuan/ha to 1589 yuan/ha.

Table 3 Effects of rice basal fertilizers that are free from chasing and turning green and tillering fertilizers on rice planting benefits

Note: the broad-spectrum compound fertilizer that farmers are used to fertilizing is 2.3 yuan/kg, the 28-8-12 rice basal fertilizer of the present invention, which is free from recovery and tillering, is 3.0 yuan/kg, urea is 2.2 yuan/kg, and fertilization labor is 20 yuan/hr . Other costs include 3,300 yuan/ha for machinery, 3,300 yuan/ha for plant protection, 9,000 yuan/ha for paddy field rent and 600 yuan/ha for seeds. Rice grains are 2.9 yuan/kg.

Example 5 Rice basal fertilizer free from chasing and turning green and tillering fertilizer promotes early tillering of rice and significantly improves the rate of ear formation

The implementation steps are the same as those of the Changzhou demonstration site in Example 2. As shown in Table 4, in the Changzhou demonstration site, using the present invention's non-recovery and greening and tillering fertilizer as the base fertilizer, compared with farmers' habitual fertilization, the number of stems and tillers in the middle stage of tillering of rice increased by 45.5%, and the ear formation rate increased by 12.7%.

Table 4 Effects of rice basal fertilizers without rejuvenation and tillering fertilizers on the dynamics of rice stems and panicle formation

Claims (8)

1. a rice basal fertilizer for free from chasing and turning green, tillering fertilizer, is characterized in that: in parts by mass, the basal fertilizer formula comprises the following components: 26～32 parts of nitrogen fertilizers, 6～10 parts of phosphate fertilizers, 8～12 parts of potash fertilizers, zinc 2~4 parts of fertilizer, 1~2 parts of nitrogen fertilizer synergist, of which the total mass of NPK fertilizer is not less than 48 parts. 2. a kind of rice basal fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is medium grain or large grain urea with N content 46.0%; Phosphorus fertilizer is N content 18.0%, P ₂ O ₅ Granular Diammonium Phosphate 48.0%, Granular _{Superphosphate} 14.0% _P2O , Granular Weight _{Superphosphate} 45.0% _P2O , or Granular Calcium 14.0 _{% P2O} One or more of magnesium and phosphate fertilizers; potassium fertilizer is granular potassium chloride containing 60.0% K ₂ O; zinc fertilizer is agricultural granular zinc sulfate containing 25.0-33.0% Zn; nitrogen fertilizer synergist is ≥99.5% of dicyandiamide. 3. according to the preparation method of the described rice basal fertilizer of claim 1,2, it is characterized in that, all kinds of raw materials are put into mixer together, stir 6～8 minutes under 10 rev/min rotating speed, carry out metering packing after fully mixing That's it. 4. The application method of rice basal fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that, the basal fertilizer is applied before rice transplanting and mixed into soil in combination with soil preparation, or after soil preparation, when rice is transplanted, it is applied in a mechanical deep-seed-transplanting and fertilizing integrated machine. 5. the application method of rice basal fertilizer according to claim 4 is characterized in that, by pure nitrogen quality, high fertility soil basal fertilizer fertilization amount accounts for 60% of total consumption, medium fertility soil accounts for 55%, and low fertility soil accounts for 50%. %. 6. The application method of rice basal fertilizer according to claim 4, is characterized in that, after the basal fertilizer is applied, also needs to be topdressed once in the jointing period, and the topdressing in the jointing period is common urea. 7 . The method for applying rice basal fertilizer according to claim 4 , wherein, before applying the rice basal fertilizer, it is necessary to carry out previous crop harvesting, straw returning and land preparation. 8 . 8. a kind of rice basal fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the basal fertilizer formula is 28 parts of nitrogen fertilizers, 8 parts of phosphate fertilizers, 12 parts of potash fertilizers, 2 parts of zinc fertilizers, 2 parts of nitrogen fertilizer synergists parts, of which the total mass fraction of NPK fertilizer is 48 parts.