CN110669538A - Biochar-heat cogeneration process and device for continuous self-circulation of heat - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a biomass charcoal-heat co-generation process and device for continuously realizing heat self-circulation. The steps are: S1, crushing biomass raw materials; S2, under low oxygen conditions, carbonizing the crushed biomass raw materials. , the intermediate products include biomass gas, tar and vinegar in the gas phase in the biomass gas, and the final product is biomass charcoal; the high-temperature flue gas that is started for the first time burns auxiliary fuel by introducing combustion-supporting air into the combustion chamber; biomass gas , tar and vinegar liquid are discharged and burned, and the heat generated is used as heating after carbonization treatment is started. After the exhausted flue gas is cooled and purified by water, part of it is evacuated, and the other part is returned for control. Combustion temperature; biomass charcoal is cooled by water after being discharged to form a biomass charcoal product; the hot water supply of the water cooling of the external flue gas and the cooling and returning of the biomass charcoal water is used in the hot part, and the hot cold water circulation is used as cooling Water for water use. The invention has low investment cost, no three waste pollution and low carbon emission.

Description

Biochar-heat cogeneration process and device for continuous self-circulation of heat

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass carbonization production, relates to a biochar-heat co-generation process and related devices, and in particular relates to a bio-char-heat co-generation process and device for continuously realizing heat self-circulation.

Background technique

In recent years, the phenomenon of "smog" caused by air pollution has become increasingly serious. In 2013, the State Council issued the "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan" ("Ten Atmospheric Regulations"), which clearly stated that the national air quality will be generally improved within five years, and the concentration of fine particulate matter in the Tianjin-Beijing-Hebei region will be improved. down 25%. In 2017, in order to solve the air pollution caused by the burning of scattered coal in rural areas, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region first implemented the rural "coal-to-gas" project. But after nearly two years of practice, the effect of coal-to-gas implementation is not satisfactory. There are two main reasons. One is that the gas supply is in short supply during the peak of gas consumption; the other is that the price of natural gas is high and the heating cost is high. In addition, there are also many problems such as gas safety.

There are abundant biomass resources in rural areas, and the development and utilization of biomass energy can not only reduce the environmental pollution of agricultural straw and other wastes, but also explore a new mode of clean heating in rural areas.

Among biomass utilization technologies, the energy utilization rate is high, the technology is relatively mature, and the methods that can replace coal as heating raw materials include straw incineration power generation and straw gasification power generation. These two methods have large investment scale and complex production process. Due to the limitation of benefits, it is suitable to carry out engineering construction in units of counties and districts. It is not suitable for construction in rural areas. At the same time, straw power generation has certain air pollution, and gasification power generation has certain tar and residue pollution. In addition, both straw burning and straw gasification burning have relatively high carbon emissions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a biomass charcoal-heat cogeneration process and device that continuously realizes self-circulation of heat with low investment cost, no three-waste pollution, simple operation and low carbon emission characteristics.

Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical scheme:

A biomass charcoal-heat co-production process for continuously realizing self-circulation of heat, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

S1 crushes biomass raw materials;

S2 is to carbonize the crushed biomass raw materials under low oxygen conditions, and the temperature to maintain carbonization is provided by the high-temperature flue gas circulating in the cavity outside the carbonization chamber. The intermediate products of carbonization treatment include biomass fuel gas, The gas phase exists in the tar and vinegar liquid in the biomass gas, and the final product after carbonization is biomass carbon;

The high-temperature flue gas at the first start is realized by introducing combustion-supporting air into the combustion chamber to burn auxiliary fuel;

After the intermediate products produced in the carbonization process are discharged from the carbonization chamber, they are subjected to combustion and purification treatment. The heat generated after combustion is used for heating after the carbonization treatment is started. , and the other recirculation is used to control the combustion temperature;

Among them, the biomass charcoal is cooled by water after being discharged to form a biomass charcoal product that can be used as adsorption material, soil conditioner, fertilizer slow-release carrier and carbon dioxide sequestration agent;

Among them, the hot water supply for the cooling of the external flue gas water and the cooling and reflux of the biomass charcoal water is used for the hot part, and the hot cold water circulation is used as the cooling water supply water.

Moreover, the method of starting the high temperature flue gas for the first time in S2 is:

1) First turn on the ignition switch of the burner in the combustion chamber;

2) Then open the combustion air control valve according to the set air volume;

3) Then fully open the auxiliary fuel control valve;

4) Detect the flue gas outlet temperature of the combustion chamber until the temperature reaches the set value;

5) Start biomass carbonization treatment: The biomass enters the carbonization chamber under the set feed amount, and is carbonized at the set carbonization time. The cracked gas generated by the carbonization enters the combustion chamber and burns with the auxiliary fuel to realize the first start.

Moreover, the method for controlling the temperature of the carbonization chamber during the continuous heating process after the carbonization treatment is started in S2 is:

1) Detect the actual temperature of the carbonization chamber and compare it with the temperature range value set in the control system;

2) According to the comparative structure, temperature regulation is carried out, specifically:

a. When the actual temperature exceeds the set temperature range, first determine whether the auxiliary fuel control valve is closed; under the condition that it is not closed, gradually close the auxiliary fuel control valve. During this operation, detect the temperature of the carbonization chamber and Whether the flue gas outlet temperature of the combustion chamber is adjusted to the set range, if so, enter normal operation; if not, continue to close the auxiliary fuel control valve until the carbonization chamber temperature and the flue gas outlet temperature of the combustion chamber are adjusted to the set value. within a certain range; under the condition that the auxiliary fuel control valve is closed, check whether the backflow of the external exhaust gas reaches the maximum value. If it does not reach the maximum value, gradually open the backflow fan and the backflow control valve. Check whether the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted within the set range. If so, stop the operation and enter normal operation. If not, continue to open the return fan and the flue gas return valve until the temperature of the carbonization chamber. and whether the flue gas outlet temperature of the combustion chamber is adjusted to the set range; and under the condition that the backflow of the external exhaust gas has reached the maximum value, gradually reduce the amount of biomass feeding into the carbonization chamber and shorten the carbonization time. During the operation, check whether the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted within the set range. If so, enter the normal operation state. If not, continue to gradually reduce the amount of biomass feeding into the carbonization chamber and shorten it. Carbonization time until the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted within the set range;

b. When the actual temperature is lower than the set temperature range, judge whether the auxiliary fuel control valve is opened to the maximum; under the condition that the auxiliary fuel control valve is not opened to the maximum, gradually open the auxiliary fuel control valve. Whether the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted to the set range, if so, enter normal operation; if not, continue to open the auxiliary fuel control valve until the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber Adjust the temperature to within the set range; under the condition that the auxiliary fuel control valve has been opened to the maximum, check whether the return of the external exhaust gas is completely closed, if not, gradually close the return fan and return control valve. During the operation, check whether the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted to the set range. If so, stop the operation and enter normal operation. If not, continue to turn off the flue gas return fan and flue gas return. until the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted to within the set range; and under the condition that the backflow of the external exhaust gas has been completely closed, the biomass feed amount into the carbonization chamber is gradually increased and prolonged. Carbonization time. During this operation, check whether the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted to within the set range. If so, enter the normal operation state. If not, continue to gradually increase the biomass entering the carbonization chamber. Increase the amount of feed and prolong the carbonization time until the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted to within the set range.

Moreover, the carbonization temperature in S2 is 450-550°C.

Moreover, the purification treatment steps of the exhausted flue gas are as follows: first, an alkaline solution is used to absorb a small amount of acid gas in the flue gas, and then activated carbon is used to further purify the flue gas.

Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical scheme:

A biomass charcoal-heat cogeneration device that continuously realizes self-circulation of heat, characterized in that it includes a crusher, a first air lock, a carbonizer, a cyclone separator, a combustion chamber, a second air lock, and a biochar cooling device, the third air lock, the spray liquid circulation pump, the lye absorption tower, the activated carbon adsorption layer, the return fan, the flue gas discharge equipment, and the flue gas cooler;

Both the carbonizer and the biochar cooler are screw conveying mechanisms with outer jackets, and the drive mechanisms of the carbonizer and the biochar cooler are both connected by a frequency conversion motor and a reducer, and a high temperature is formed in the outer jacket of the carbonizer. The flue gas passes through the cavity, and the cooling water pass cavity is formed in the outer jacket of the bio-char cooler; the activated carbon adsorption layer is arranged on the upper layer of the lye absorption tower;

The crusher is located above the first air lock, and the material outlet of the crusher is connected to the first air lock through a pipeline; the carbonizer is located below the first air lock, and the material inlet of the carbonizer is connected to the first air lock; The second air lock is located below the biochar discharge end of the carbonizer and is connected to the biochar discharge port of the carbonizer; the biochar cooler is located below the second air lock, and its material inlet is connected to the second air lock The third air lock is located below the biochar cooler and is connected to the biochar outlet of the biochar cooler; the air inlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the air outlet of the carbonizer through a pipeline, and the The air outlet is connected to the burner of the combustion chamber through a pipeline, and a check valve is set on this section of the pipeline; the auxiliary fuel is connected to the burner through the fuel input pipeline and the valve, and the combustion-supporting air is connected to the burner through the air input pipeline and the valve. Connected; the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the air inlet on the outer jacket on the material inlet side of the carbonizer through a pipeline, and the air outlet of the outer jacket is located on the side of the biochar outlet, and is connected to the carbonizer through a pipeline. The air inlet of the flue gas cooler is connected, the air outlet of the flue gas cooler is connected with the air inlet of the lye absorption tower through the pipeline, and the air outlet of the lye absorption tower is connected in parallel with the air inlet of the return fan and the smoke through the pipeline. The air inlet of the air exhaust equipment and the air outlet of the return fan are connected to the return port on the combustion chamber through pipes and valves; the air outlet of the external exhaust equipment is emptied; the liquid outlet of the spray liquid circulating pump is sprayed The liquid input pipeline is connected with the spray liquid inlet on the alkali liquid absorption tower, and the liquid return port of the spray liquid circulation pump is connected with the spray liquid return port on the alkali liquid absorption tower through the spray liquid return pipeline;

Including an external water cooling system, a branch pipe in the cooling water of the external water cooling system is connected to the cooling water inlet of the flue gas cooler, and is connected to the return water main pipe through the water outlet of the flue gas cooler and a return water branch; the cooling water The other branch pipeline of the biochar cooler is connected to the cooling water inlet of the biochar cooler, and is connected to the return water main pipeline through the cooling water outlet of the biochar cooler and another return water branch; it is cooled by the flue gas cooler and biochar. The cooling water heated by the heater is collected into the main return water pipeline and then flows to the hot part, and the heated cold water is circulated as the cooling water supply water.

Furthermore, the crusher is a shearing crusher.

Moreover, a guide vane is provided in the cyclone.

Moreover, the carbonizer is further provided with a first temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas in the outer jacket, a second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the front end of the carbonization chamber, and a third temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the rear end of the carbonization chamber. Sensor; a fourth temperature sensor is further arranged on the pipeline connecting the air inlet of the cyclone separator with the air outlet of the carbonizer; the air inlet on the outer jacket on the side of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber and the material inlet of the carbonizer A fifth temperature sensor is further arranged on the connected pipeline; a sixth temperature sensor is further arranged on the pipeline connecting the biochar outlet of the biochar cooler with the third air lock; the air outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the A first flow meter is arranged on the pipeline connecting the burners of the combustion chamber, and a second flow meter and a third flow meter are respectively arranged on the fuel input pipeline and the air input pipeline.

The advantages and positive effects that the present invention has:

1. The present invention organically combines processes such as biomass carbonization, pyrolysis gas combustion, flue gas heat recovery, flue gas purification, biochar cooling, and waste heat production of hot water, so as to realize the production of biochar, and the hot water is used for heating. , to achieve the purpose of biomass charcoal-heat cogeneration.

2. The device can effectively purify the tar components produced in the carbonization process, and avoid the pollution of the environment and the blockage and corrosion of pipelines and equipment due to improper treatment of tar.

2. The present invention realizes low carbon emission. In coal combustion heating and biomass combustion heating, the main source of heat is C element, that is, the C element is converted into CO2 and becomes one of the main contributions of carbon emission. In this carbon-heat cogeneration process, the combustion products are mainly volatile organic components in biomass, and most of the C elements are fixed in the biochar, thereby minimizing the carbon emission in biomass utilization.

3. The device of the present invention is an integrated device. Compared with other centralized processing modes of straw, the device is compact and simple to operate, and its economic feasibility is basically not restricted by the processing scale, and is especially suitable for heating and biomass production in villages. carbon.

4. The present invention uses the pyrolysis gas in the biomass preparation process as fuel, burns it, and uses the combustion flue gas as the heat source for the preparation of biomass charcoal. The process and heating process do not require other energy consumption and are the energy utilization process.

5. In order to control the carbonization temperature within the required range, adjust the temperature of the flue gas by adjusting the parameters such as the return flow of the flue gas and the amount of supplementary fuel, and then adjust the pyrolysis temperature of the biomass char.

6. This process achieves heat recovery of waste heat from flue gas and biochar, which can improve hot water heating for production sites.

7. The process of the present invention adopts an alkaline solution to absorb a small amount of acid gas in the flue gas, and uses activated carbon to further purify the flue gas, thereby achieving environmental friendliness.

8. In this device, the inlet of the cyclone separator is connected through the gas outlet of the carbonization chamber of the pipeline, and the gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected with the burner of the combustion chamber through the pipeline, and the pipeline and equipment are provided with an insulating layer. The purpose is to ensure that under the carbonization temperature (450-550℃), the tar and vinegar in the cracked components will not condense into liquid before entering the combustion chamber (the condensation temperature of tar and other components is 200℃-300℃) and block the pipe road and equipment. The cyclone separator can effectively intercept the biochar particles carried in the gas phase transportation, purify the combustible components entering the carbonization chamber, and reduce the amount of dust in the flue gas after combustion.

9. The air inlet of the cyclone separator in this device is connected to the air outlet of the carbonizer through a pipeline, the air outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the burner of the combustion chamber through a pipeline, and the hot air outlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the carbonizer through a pipeline. The air inlets on the outer jacket on the inlet side of the material are connected, and the above-mentioned connection structure is used to produce high-temperature flue gas after the pyrolysis gas generated in the biomass carbonization process is burned. In addition, in the process of pyrolysis gas combustion, tar is incinerated and converted into carbon dioxide and water, thus avoiding the efflux of tar products and solving the problem of purification of wood tar in carbonization. and blockage of pipes.

10. In this device, the material inlet of the carbonizer and the discharge port of the biochar are connected with an air lock, so that the carbonization process is in a low oxygen condition, which can be isolated from the air to the greatest extent, thereby avoiding the occurrence of biochar The combustion of biomass charcoal improves the yield of biochar and the carbonization quality of biomass charcoal.

11. The external water cooling system connected with the biochar cooler and the flue gas cooler in this device, the water after cooling and heating flows to the heat-using part, realizing the recovery of the waste heat of the flue gas and the heat recovery and utilization of the hot biochar.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the process route diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the control flow chart of initial start-up of carbonization treatment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the automatic adjustment control flow chart of the present invention when the carbonization chamber temperature exceeds the set temperature;

Fig. 4 is the automatic adjustment flow chart of the present invention when the carbonization temperature is lower than the set temperature;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the device of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the analysis result of Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following embodiments are only descriptive, not restrictive, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present invention.

A biomass charcoal-heat cogeneration process that continuously realizes self-circulation of heat, please refer to Figure 1, and its invention is that it includes the following steps:

S1 crushes biomass raw materials, mainly for biomass raw materials such as straws with large output. For rice husks, sawdust, etc., the crushing process is not required;

S2 is to carbonize the crushed biomass raw materials under low oxygen conditions, and the temperature to maintain carbonization is provided by the high-temperature flue gas circulating in the cavity outside the carbonization chamber. The intermediate products of carbonization treatment include biomass fuel gas, The gas phase exists in the tar and vinegar liquid in the biomass gas, and the final product after carbonization is biomass carbon;

The high-temperature flue gas at the first start is realized by introducing combustion-supporting air into the combustion chamber to burn auxiliary fuel;

After the intermediate products produced in the carbonization process are discharged from the carbonization chamber, they are subjected to combustion and purification treatment. The heat generated after combustion is used for heating after the carbonization treatment is started. , and the other recirculation is used to control the combustion temperature;

Among them, the biomass charcoal is cooled by water after being discharged to form a biomass charcoal product that can be used as adsorption material, soil conditioner, fertilizer slow-release carrier and carbon dioxide sequestration agent;

Among them, the hot water supply for the cooling of the external flue gas water and the cooling and reflux of the biomass charcoal water is used for the hot part, and the hot cold water circulation is used as the cooling water supply water.

In the above-mentioned biomass charcoal-heat cogeneration process, the method of starting high-temperature flue gas in S2 for the first time is shown in Fig. 2, specifically:

1) First turn on the ignition switch of the burner in the combustion chamber;

2) Then open the combustion air control valve according to the set air volume;

3) Then fully open the auxiliary fuel control valve;

4) Detect the flue gas outlet temperature of the combustion chamber until the temperature reaches the set value;

5) Start biomass carbonization treatment: The biomass enters the carbonization chamber under the set feed amount, and is carbonized at the set carbonization time. The cracked gas generated by the carbonization enters the combustion chamber and burns with the auxiliary fuel to realize the first start.

In the above-mentioned biomass charcoal-heat cogeneration process, the method for controlling the temperature of the carbonization chamber in the continuous heating process after the carbonization treatment is started in S2 is:

1) Detect the actual temperature of the carbonization chamber and compare it with the temperature range value set in the control system;

2) According to the comparative structure, temperature regulation is carried out, specifically:

a. When the actual temperature exceeds the set temperature range, determine whether the auxiliary fuel control valve is closed; under the condition that it is not closed, gradually close the auxiliary fuel control valve. During this operation, detect the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the combustion Check whether the flue gas outlet temperature of the chamber is adjusted to within the set range, if so, enter normal operation, if not, continue to close the auxiliary fuel control valve until the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the flue gas outlet temperature of the combustion chamber are adjusted to the set value When the auxiliary fuel control valve is closed, check whether the backflow of the external exhaust gas reaches the maximum value. If it does not reach the maximum value, gradually open the backflow fan and the backflow control valve. Whether the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the flue gas outlet temperature of the combustion chamber are adjusted within the set range, if so, stop the operation and enter normal operation; if not, continue to open the return fan and flue gas return valve until the temperature of the carbonization chamber reaches Whether the flue gas outlet temperature of the combustion chamber is adjusted to the set range; and under the condition that the backflow of the external exhaust flue gas has reached the maximum value, gradually reduce the amount of biomass feed into the carbonization chamber and shorten the carbonization time. During the process, check whether the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted within the set range. If so, enter the normal operation state. If not, continue to gradually reduce the biomass feed into the carbonization chamber and shorten the carbonization. time until the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted within the set range; the temperature control process is shown in Figure 3.

b. When the actual temperature is lower than the set temperature range, judge whether the auxiliary fuel control valve is opened to the maximum; under the condition that the auxiliary fuel control valve is not opened to the maximum, gradually open the auxiliary fuel control valve. Whether the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted to the set range, if so, enter normal operation; if not, continue to open the auxiliary fuel control valve until the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber Adjust the temperature to within the set range; under the condition that the auxiliary fuel control valve has been opened to the maximum, check whether the return of the external exhaust gas is completely closed, if not, gradually close the return fan and return control valve. During the operation, check whether the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted to the set range. If so, stop the operation and enter normal operation. If not, continue to turn off the flue gas return fan and flue gas return. until the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted to within the set range; and under the condition that the backflow of the external exhaust gas has been completely closed, the biomass feed amount into the carbonization chamber is gradually increased and prolonged. Carbonization time. During this operation, check whether the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted to within the set range. If so, enter the normal operation state. If not, continue to gradually increase the biomass entering the carbonization chamber. Increase the amount of feed and prolong the carbonization time until the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted within the set range. The temperature regulation process is shown in Figure 4.

The characteristics of this biomass charcoal-heat cogeneration process are: the crushed biomass raw materials are cracked at the set carbonization temperature, and the cracked combustible gas and wood tar produced in the cracking process are burned as fuel, and the heat generated Part of the heat is used to supply the carbonization device to complete the self-circulation of heat, and the rest of the heat is used to heat the hot water for heating and other heat-consuming parts.

Based on the application base of 1kg biomass, the heat and mass balance of the above process are calculated. The low calorific value of biomass is about 17MJ/kg biomass, and the biomass char yield is about 33%. The heat used for thermal cracking It is 4.3MJ/kg biomass, and the theoretical waste heat is 4.86MJ/kg biomass, accounting for 27.3% of biomass energy.

After considering the heat loss of 10%, the above theoretical calculation results are in good agreement with the actual situation of the pilot plant.

In the existing projects using this technology, the processing capacity of straw is 6 tons/d, the production of biomass charcoal is 2 tons per day, and the area of 3600 square meters is heated (the heating standard is 80w per square meter).

Pollution control measures and principles in the process

(1) Production and purification measures of liquid components such as wood tar

The carbonization temperature of carbon-heat co-production is between 450-550℃. At this temperature, biomass is pyrolyzed slowly, and the pyrolysis gas product is biomass gas, the main components are H2, CO, CH4, C2H4, etc.; liquid product It is tar and vinegar liquid at room temperature. Among them, the condensation point of tar and wood vinegar is about 200 degrees. At the carbonization temperature, they exist in the gas phase in the combustible gas, and are directly sent to the combustion chamber together with the combustible gas for combustion to produce carbon dioxide and water. Therefore, , the carbon-heat cogeneration method will not leave tar in the flue gas after combustion.

(2) Production and purification of SO2

The content of S in the biomass is low, and the carbonization process of carbon-heat cogeneration occurs in the absence of oxygen (the purpose is to prevent the burning of C), so that only a small amount of S in the biomass will be produced. SO2 can be eliminated by simple alkaline neutralization during the purification process of the external exhaust flue gas, without causing any impact on the environment

(3) Generation and purification of nitrogen oxides

In the process of combustible combustion, the N2 in the air and the N element in the biomass will generate nitrogen oxides with NO as the main component, but because the combustion temperature is not high, control the air feed and use flue gas two The method of secondary combustion, and at the same time with simple purification means (desulfurization) can be effectively controlled.

(4) Generation and purification of dust

Since the combustion medium is flammable gas, the dust pollution generated in this process is negligible, unlike the direct combustion of straw. The lye spray desulfurization process is purified and removed.

In order to realize the biomass charcoal-heat cogeneration process that continuously realizes self-circulation of heat, the following devices were further invented:

A biomass charcoal-heat cogeneration device that continuously realizes self-circulation of heat, please refer to Figure 5, and its invention points are:

Including crusher 32, first air lock 31, carbonizer 30, cyclone separator 13, combustion chamber 3, second air lock 14, biochar cooler 15, third air lock 17, spray liquid circulating pump 23. The lye absorption tower 24, the activated carbon adsorption layer 25, the reflux fan 26, the flue gas discharge equipment 27 (chimney can be used), and the flue gas cooler 21.

The carbonizer and the bio-char cooler are both screw conveying mechanisms with outer jackets, and the inside is a carbonization chamber. A high temperature flue gas passing cavity is formed in the jacket, and a cooling water passing cavity is formed in the outer jacket of the biochar cooler. The activated carbon adsorption layer is arranged on the upper layer in the alkali liquor absorption tower.

The crusher is located above the first air lock, and the outlet of the crusher is connected to the first air lock through a pipeline. The carbonizer is located below the first air lock, and the material inlet of the carbonizer is connected to the first air lock. The second air lock is located below the biochar discharge end of the carbonizer, and is connected to the biochar discharge port of the carbonizer. The biochar cooler is located below the second air lock, and its material inlet is connected to the second air lock. The third air lock is located below the biochar cooler and is connected with the biochar outlet of the biochar cooler. The air inlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the air outlet of the carbonizer through a pipeline, and the air outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the burner 4 of the combustion chamber through a pipeline, and a check valve 10 is arranged on this section of the pipeline. The auxiliary fuel is connected to the burner through the fuel input pipeline and the valve 7 , and the combustion air is connected to the burner through the air input pipeline and the valve 6 . The flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the air inlet on the outer jacket on the material inlet side of the carbonizer through a pipeline. The air inlet of the cooler is connected, the air outlet of the flue gas cooler is connected to the air inlet of the lye absorption tower through the pipeline, and the air outlet of the lye absorption tower is connected in parallel with the air inlet of the return fan and the outside of the flue gas through the pipeline. The air inlet of the exhaust equipment and the air outlet of the return fan are connected to the return port on the combustion chamber through pipelines and valves 28 . Outlet venting settings for external venting equipment. The liquid outlet of the spray liquid circulating pump is connected to the spray liquid inlet on the alkali liquid absorption tower through the spray liquid input pipeline, and the liquid return port of the spray liquid circulation pump is connected to the alkali liquid absorption tower through the spray liquid return pipeline. connected to the spray return port.

It includes an external water cooling system. A branch pipe 22 in the cooling water of the external water cooling system is connected to the cooling water inlet of the flue gas cooler, and is connected to the return water main pipe through the water outlet of the flue gas cooler and a return water branch 19 . Another branch pipe 20 of cooling water is connected to the cooling water inlet of the biochar cooler, and is connected to the return water main pipe via the cooling water outlet of the biochar cooler and another return water branch 18 . The cooling water heated by the flue gas cooler and the biochar cooler is collected into the main return water pipeline and then flows to the heat-using part, and the heated cold water is circulated as the cooling water supply water.

In the above structure, the crusher preferably adopts a shearing type crusher.

In the above structure, the guide vanes are provided in the cyclone.

In the above structure, the carbonizer is further provided with a first temperature sensor 1 for detecting the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas in the outer jacket, a second temperature sensor 33 for detecting the temperature of the front end of the carbonization chamber, and a rear end temperature of the carbonization chamber. The third sensor 9 can automatically adjust the opening of the combustible gas intake valve of the combustion chamber according to the feedback of the temperature, thereby adjusting the temperature of the flue gas. A fourth temperature sensor 12 is further provided on the pipeline connecting the air inlet of the cyclone separator with the air outlet of the carbonizer. A fifth temperature sensor 2 is further arranged on the pipeline connecting the hot air outlet of the combustion chamber with the air inlet on the outer jacket on the material inlet side of the carbonizer. A sixth temperature sensor 16 is further provided on the pipeline connecting the biochar outlet of the biochar cooler with the third air lock. A first flow meter 11 is provided on the pipeline connecting the air outlet of the cyclone separator with the burner of the combustion chamber, and a second flow meter 8 and a third flow meter 5 are respectively provided on the fuel input pipeline and the air input pipeline.

The working principle of this tar-free biochar-heat cogeneration device is:

After being crushed and pretreated by the crusher (rice husks, sawdust, etc. can not go through the crushing link), the straw biomass raw materials enter the spiral carbonizer through the first air lock, and are stirred while conveying under the action of the carbonizer drive equipment. At the same time, the drying, cracking and carbonization processes are completed sequentially under the heat provided by the high temperature flue gas of its jacket. By controlling the gas supply of the combustion device, the temperature of the carbonizer is adjusted to be between 450-550°C. Since the carbonizer is relatively closed, it is in an oxygen-deficient state during the carbonization process. The pyrolysis gas is mainly carbon monoxide and hydrogen. and methane gas and tar components, at the pyrolysis temperature, the pyrolysis gas passes through the cyclone in a gaseous state to separate the biomass carbon particles carried in it, and the high-temperature gas enters the burner and is mixed with air. The igniter of the burner is used. It is ignited, and the burned flue gas enters the carbonizer jacket to provide the heat required for carbonization. After that, the flue gas is cooled by the flue gas cooler, and then enters the lye absorption tower to purify and absorb the acid gas, and further cool down. . Then it enters the activated carbon adsorption layer for further adsorption and purification. After that, part of it is evacuated by the exhaust gas exhaust equipment, and the other part is returned to the combustion chamber through the return fan to realize the temperature control of the flue gas.

The biomass carbon formed after biomass carbonization enters the biochar cooler through the second air lock. Under the action of the jacket cooling water, the cooler lowers the temperature of the biomass carbon while conveying, so as to avoid re-ignition after encountering air. . After that, the third air lock is used for unloading and packaging.

The cooling water of the flue gas cooler and the cooling water of the biomass charcoal cooling device are circulating water. After heat exchange, the hot water is used for heating the user.

When this technology is started for the first time or abnormally, it is necessary to use liquefied gas (or diesel) for combustion. The jacket is used to crack and carbonize the biomass transported in the carbonizer. When the cracked gas generated in the carbonization can meet the needs of combustion, the liquefied petroleum gas is gradually closed to enter the energy self-circulation state.

The carbonizer and biochar cooler in this device are both screw conveying mechanisms with outer jackets, and the driving mechanism is composed of a frequency conversion motor and a reducer. The speed of the motor can be changed to adjust the carbonizer and biochar cooler. The material conveying speed can easily change the carbonization time of biomass raw materials and the cooling time of biomass charcoal to achieve the best process parameters.

The function of the first air lock in this device is to complete the relative isolation between the carbonizer and the environment when the biomass material enters the carbonizer, and the function of the second air lock is to complete the carbonizer and the environment when the biochar is discharged. The relative isolation of biomass charcoal can improve the carbonization quality of biomass charcoal by making it in low oxygen condition during the carbonization process. The function of the third air lock is to complete the relative isolation of the biochar cooler from the air, so as to avoid the reburning of the biochar when the temperature is high. The rotation of the three air locks is driven by the motor, and changing the speed of the motor can change the speed of the material in and out to match the processing process.

In order to prevent the combustion-supporting liquefied gas and biomass pyrolysis gas from returning to the carbonizer during the transportation process, a check valve is set on the pyrolysis gas transportation pipeline. Corresponding parts of the road and the biochar cooler are provided with the above temperature sensors.

To sum up, the main technical features of this device are as follows:

1. The crushing device adopts shear crushing process, which can pretreat different forms of biomass raw materials.

2. The carbonizer is a continuous screw propulsion device, which can easily extend or shorten the carbonization time by changing the rotational speed, so as to adapt to different biomass materials for carbonization to prepare biomass carbon.

3. The spiral carbonizer has a jacket structure outside the barrel. High temperature flue gas is introduced into the jacket. The biomass material in the barrel is heated while advancing. The screw not only pushes the material, but also plays the role of stirring and mixing the material. , which facilitates heat transfer.

4. There are air locks before and after the carbonizer, which are used for biomass loading and activated carbon unloading, which effectively realizes the relative isolation and low oxygen environment in the carbonization device from the environment.

5. The biochar cooler also adopts a jacketed screw conveying mechanism, which realizes the cooling and cooling of the activated carbon while conveying.

6. The cyclone separation device is provided with a guide vane, thereby improving the separation efficiency.

7. There is a temperature sensor on the carbonizer, which can automatically adjust the opening of the combustible gas intake valve of the combustion chamber according to the temperature feedback, thereby adjusting the temperature of the flue gas.

8. The combustion chamber is equipped with an auxiliary fuel inlet for initial start-up, so as to provide high-temperature flue gas to the carbonization device when restarting after stopping.

The implementation effect of the tar-free biochar-heat cogeneration device will be described with the following examples:

Using this device, rice husks and coconut husks are used as biomass raw materials to prepare biomass charcoal. After normal operation, the outlet temperature of the carbonization chamber is controlled at 520 ° C, the rotation speed of the carbonization device is 10 rpm, and the carbonization time of the raw materials in the carbonization chamber is controlled to be 1 The physicochemical properties of the obtained biochar are as follows:

(1) Elemental analysis data

(2) Specific surface area pore size distribution data

(3) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis results, see Figure 3

One of the key points of the biomass charcoal-heat cogeneration device that continuously realizes the self-circulation of heat in the present invention is that the heat balance and the self-circulation of heat under the continuous operation mode are automatically realized, and the reasons are as follows:

The charcoal-heat cogeneration technology produces heat while obtaining biochar. In this technology, the gas and liquid components produced by biomass carbonization are no longer separated, but are directly burned as fuel and provide heat for the biocarbonization process. Since the heat generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis gas is more than the heat required in the biomass carbonization, after the self-circulation of heat, waste heat can be generated. Therefore, this type of technology becomes a carbon-heat cogeneration technology.

The core problem of carbon-heat cogeneration technology is that part of the heat generated in carbonization is used for carbonization. To achieve this goal, the three basic links of carbon production, gas production and combustion must be continuously completed. If one link is suspended, the heat cycle cannot be realized. . Therefore, the carbonization unit must be a continuously operated unit. The screw conveying mechanism with an outer jacket can realize the continuous feeding and discharging of biomass while transferring heat from the jacket, realize the carbonization and cracking of biomass, generate cracked gas, and in a continuous state, put the cracked gas in the combustion chamber. Combustion, the high-temperature flue gas after combustion is supplied to the jacket of the carbonization device to heat the biomass. In this continuous process, the carbonization temperature is a key indicator. In order to ensure the carbonization efficiency of biomass carbon, the temperature cannot be lower than 400 °C, the carbonization temperature is low, the gas production is reduced, the heat provided by the cracked gas to the carbonization device is reduced, and the carbonization temperature will become lower and lower, and eventually it will be difficult to complete the carbonization process. If the carbonization temperature exceeds the set temperature, but with the increase of the carbonization temperature, the gas production will increase and the carbon production will decrease. The amount of gas produced increases, and after the pyrolysis gas is burned, the amount of heat formed will increase. After using this heat to heat the carbonization device, the carbonization temperature will increase again. Too high carbonization temperature will not only reduce the yield of biochar, but also increase the temperature. It will eventually lose balance and even exceed the control temperature of the combustion chamber; therefore, the carbonization temperature needs to be controlled within a reasonable range.

The existing relevant patents do not disclose relevant technical measures on the key issue of how to control the temperature so as to continuously realize the heat cycle and heat balance.

The basic technical means adopted by the patent of the present invention is to control the carbonization temperature by adjusting the temperature of the flue gas, so that it is within the normal range. The main method to reduce the flue gas temperature is to return the low-temperature flue gas to the combustion chamber to reduce the combustion intensity and the temperature of the flue gas; the main measure to increase the flue gas temperature is to supplement auxiliary fuel to strengthen the combustion. The process is all realized through automatic control and automatic adjustment, to ensure that the flue gas temperature is within the normal range (between 800°C and 1000°C)

1. The above process control scheme for realizing heat balance and heat self-circulation is:

Biomass is carbonized during carbonization, and the carbonization temperature is related to three factors: First, the temperature of the flue gas in the jacket, the temperature of the flue gas is high, and the temperature of the material in the carbonization device heated by the flue gas, that is, the carbonization temperature is high; The lower the flue gas temperature, the lower the carbonization temperature. Second, under a certain feeding amount, the moving speed of biomass in the carbonization chamber is fast, and the time for receiving heat transfer from the jacket is short (but the carbonization time must ensure that sufficient carbonization is completed at the corresponding temperature), and the moving speed is short. slow, the heating time is long, and the corresponding carbonization temperature is high; the third is the feeding speed, the feeding speed is fast, and the amount of biomass is large. Under the same carbonization temperature and carbonization time, the amount of pyrolysis gas generated by biomass is large, and the flue gas temperature is high; the feeding speed is slow, the amount of pyrolysis gas of biomass is small, and the temperature of flue gas is reduced.

The temperature of biomass flue gas is related to the amount of pyrolysis gas and the composition of pyrolysis components. In general, the higher the carbonization temperature, the higher the amount of pyrolysis gas produced, and the higher the temperature of the flue gas after the pyrolysis gas is burned. However, the yield of biochar will decrease at this time. If the pyrolysis gas is too small to meet the temperature of the flue gas and thus cannot meet the normal carbonization temperature, the present invention adopts the method of supplementing auxiliary fuel to strengthen the combustion emphasis and increase the temperature of the flue gas to reach the normal range.

In addition, another major factor affecting the temperature of flue gas is the supplementary amount of air during combustion. In view of the excessive amount of air, it has a certain negative impact on the low nitrogen control of flue gas. This patent uses the backflow of flue gas to control the outlet temperature of the flue gas in the combustion chamber under a certain air feed rate.

This patent adopts the method of automatic control to realize the linkage and coordination among the supplementary amount of auxiliary fuel, the temperature of flue gas, the return amount of cooling flue gas, the carbonization temperature, the biomass feed amount and the carbonization time. Make them match each other, achieve thermal conditions, and achieve temperature equilibrium.

2. The supporting equipment and instruments used

Return fan 26, flue gas return automatic adjustment valve 28, carbonization chamber spiral variable frequency drive motor 29, first air lock 31, fifth temperature sensor for measuring combustion chamber flue gas temperature 2, combustion air automatic adjustment valve 6, measurement The third flowmeter 5 for combustion air flow, the auxiliary fuel automatic regulating valve 7; the second flowmeter 8 for measuring auxiliary fuel flow, the first flowmeter 11 for measuring cracking gas flow; the third temperature sensor 9 for measuring cracking gas temperature; Two air locks 14. In addition, the PLC system, solenoid valve and other hardware and necessary control software are required.

The role of the above hardware in temperature control and regulation:

The function of the return fan and the automatic adjustment valve of the flue gas return is to adjust the return flow of the flue gas entering the combustion chamber and then adjust the temperature of the flue gas at the exit of the combustion chamber; the spiral frequency conversion drive motor of the carbonization chamber is to adjust the speed of the screw conveyor to adjust the carbonization of biomass. Time; the function of the first air lock and the second air lock is to adjust the input and output of biomass. The function of the fifth temperature sensor is to measure the temperature of the flue gas and transmit the temperature signal to the PLC; the combustion air automatic regulating valve is based on a certain air excess coefficient, and the flow rate of the combustion gas (including cracking gas and auxiliary fuel) is automatically adjusted. Adjusting valve; the third flow meter measures the flow of combustion air and provides a flow signal to the PLC. The function of the auxiliary fuel automatic adjustment supply valve is to adjust the supply of auxiliary fuel; the second flow meter measures the flow of combustion air and provides a flow signal to the PLC. Instrument, the first flow meter is an instrument that measures the flow rate of cracked gas and provides flow signals for PLC, and the function of the third temperature sensor is to measure the temperature of cracked gas and transmit temperature parameters to PLC.

3. The control process of the automatic adjustment of the carbonization temperature in this patent includes the initial startup, the automatic adjustment control when the temperature of the carbonization chamber exceeds the set temperature, and the automatic adjustment control when the temperature of the carbonization chamber is lower than the set temperature. See Figure 2 and Figure 3 respectively. and Figure 4.

This patented design project has great application prospects, mainly based on the following aspects:

1. The limitations of petrochemical resources and environmental pollution have determined that the development and utilization of biomass energy as a new energy has become one of the main energy strategies of the country.

2. The pollution of agricultural solid waste represented by straw to the environment has become one of the urgent problems to be solved in restricting the construction of ecological civilization and the construction of new countryside.

3. Central heating in rural areas is a major livelihood event to improve rural ecological civilization and farmers' living standards.

4. The coal-to-gas project has shortcomings in terms of safety, price, and resources, and there are certain problems in its actual implementation.

5. The carbon-heat cogeneration technology has the advantages of nearby materials, resource cover, no pollution, low carbon emission, carbon-heat tools, flexible scale, convenient investment, simple operation (safe and self-control operation can be achieved), and no need for farmers. The original heating facilities are specially transformed and many other advantages are especially suitable for the central heating project with the village as the unit.

6. Biomass carbon has become one of the main directions of biomass resource utilization due to its wide range of uses. On the basis of producing biomass carbon products, the carbon-heat cogeneration technology uses a large amount of waste heat as a heating heat source, which has better economy.

Although the embodiments and drawings of the present invention are disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents disclosed in the embodiments and drawings.

Claims (9)

1. a biomass charcoal-heat cogeneration process continuously realizing heat self-circulation, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: S1 crushes biomass raw materials; S2 is to carbonize the crushed biomass raw materials under low oxygen conditions, and the temperature to maintain carbonization is provided by the high-temperature flue gas circulating in the cavity outside the carbonization chamber. The intermediate products of carbonization treatment include biomass fuel gas, The gas phase exists in the tar and vinegar liquid in the biomass gas, and the final product after carbonization is biomass carbon; The high-temperature flue gas at the first start is realized by introducing combustion-supporting air into the combustion chamber to burn auxiliary fuel; After the intermediate products produced in the carbonization process are discharged from the carbonization chamber, they are subjected to combustion and purification treatment. The heat generated after combustion is used for heating after the carbonization treatment is started. , and the other recirculation is used to control the combustion temperature; Among them, the biomass charcoal is cooled by water after being discharged to form a biomass charcoal product that can be used as adsorption material, soil conditioner, fertilizer slow-release carrier and carbon dioxide sequestration agent; Among them, the hot water supply for the cooling of the external flue gas water and the cooling and reflux of the biomass charcoal water is used for the hot part, and the hot cold water circulation is used as the cooling water supply water. 2. the biomass charcoal-heat co-production process continuously realizing heat self-circulation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: The method of starting high temperature flue gas for the first time in S2 is: 1) First turn on the ignition switch of the burner in the combustion chamber; 2) Then open the combustion air control valve according to the set air volume; 3) Then fully open the auxiliary fuel control valve; 4) Detect the flue gas outlet temperature of the combustion chamber until the temperature reaches the set value; 5) Start biomass carbonization treatment: The biomass enters the carbonization chamber under the set feed amount, and is carbonized at the set carbonization time. The cracked gas generated by carbonization enters the combustion chamber and burns together with the combustion-supporting fuel to realize the first start. 3. the biomass charcoal-heat co-production process continuously realizing heat self-circulation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: In S2, the method for controlling the temperature of the carbonization chamber during the continuous heating process after the carbonization treatment is started is as follows: 1) Detect the actual temperature of the carbonization chamber and compare it with the temperature range value set in the control system; 2) According to the comparative structure, temperature regulation is carried out, specifically: a. When the actual temperature exceeds the set temperature range, judge whether the combustion-supporting fuel control valve is closed; if it is not closed, gradually close the combustion-supporting fuel control valve. During this operation, detect the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the combustion Check whether the flue gas outlet temperature of the chamber is adjusted to within the set range, if so, enter normal operation; if not, continue to close the combustion-supporting fuel control valve until the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the flue gas outlet temperature of the combustion chamber are adjusted to the set value within the range; under the condition that the combustion-supporting fuel control valve is closed, check whether the backflow of the external exhaust gas reaches the maximum value. If it does not reach the maximum value, gradually open the backflow fan and the backflow control valve. Whether the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the flue gas outlet temperature of the combustion chamber are adjusted within the set range, if so, stop the operation and enter normal operation; if not, continue to open the return fan and flue gas return valve until the temperature of the carbonization chamber reaches Whether the flue gas outlet temperature of the combustion chamber is adjusted to within the set range; and under the condition that the backflow of the external exhaust flue gas has reached the maximum value, gradually reduce the amount of biomass feeding into the carbonization chamber and shorten the carbonization time. During the process, check whether the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted to the set range. If so, enter the normal operation state. If not, continue to gradually reduce the amount of biomass feeding into the carbonization chamber and shorten the time until the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted to within the set range; b. When the actual temperature is lower than the set temperature range, judge whether the combustion-supporting fuel control valve is opened to the maximum; under the condition that it is not opened to the maximum, gradually open the combustion-supporting fuel control valve. Whether the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted to the set range, if so, enter normal operation; if not, continue to open the combustion-supporting fuel control valve until the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber The temperature is adjusted to the set range; when the combustion-supporting fuel control valve has been opened to the maximum, check whether the return of the external exhaust gas is completely closed. If it is not completely closed, gradually close the return fan and return control valve. During the operation, check whether the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted to the set range. If so, stop the operation and enter normal operation. If not, continue to turn off the flue gas return fan and flue gas return. until the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted to within the set range; and under the condition that the backflow of the external exhaust gas has been completely closed, the biomass feed amount into the carbonization chamber is gradually increased and prolonged. Carbonization time, during this operation, check whether the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted to within the set range, if so, enter the normal operation state, if not, continue to gradually increase the biomass entering the carbonization chamber Increase the feeding amount and prolong the charcoal time until the temperature of the carbonization chamber and the temperature of the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber are adjusted within the set range. 4 . The biomass charcoal-heat co-generation process for continuously realizing heat self-circulation according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonization temperature in S2 is 450-550° C. 5 . 5. The biomass charcoal-heat co-production process that continuously realizes heat self-circulation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the purification treatment step of external exhaust flue gas in S2 is: firstly adopt alkaline solution to absorb a small amount in flue gas Acid gas, and then use activated carbon to further purify the flue gas. 6. A biomass charcoal-heat cogeneration device that continuously realizes self-circulation of heat, characterized in that it comprises a crusher, a first air lock, a carbonizer, a cyclone, a combustion chamber, a second air lock, a biological Carbon cooler, third air lock, spray liquid circulation pump, lye absorption tower, activated carbon adsorption layer, return fan, flue gas discharge equipment, flue gas cooler; Both the carbonizer and the biochar cooler are screw conveying mechanisms with outer jackets, and the drive mechanisms of the carbonizer and the biochar cooler are both connected by a frequency conversion motor and a reducer, and a high temperature is formed in the outer jacket of the carbonizer. The flue gas passes through the cavity, and the cooling water pass cavity is formed in the outer jacket of the bio-char cooler; the activated carbon adsorption layer is arranged on the upper layer of the lye absorption tower; The crusher is located above the first air lock, and the material outlet of the crusher is connected to the first air lock through a pipeline; the carbonizer is located below the first air lock, and the material inlet of the carbonizer is connected to the first air lock; The second air lock is located below the biochar discharge end of the carbonizer and is connected to the biochar discharge port of the carbonizer; the biochar cooler is located below the second air lock, and its material inlet is connected to the second air lock The third air lock is located below the biochar cooler and is connected to the biochar outlet of the biochar cooler; the air inlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the air outlet of the carbonizer through a pipeline, and the The air outlet is connected to the burner of the combustion chamber through a pipeline, and a check valve is set on this section of the pipeline; the auxiliary fuel is connected to the burner through the fuel input pipeline and the valve, and the combustion-supporting air is connected to the burner through the air input pipeline and the valve. Connected; the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the air inlet on the outer jacket on the material inlet side of the carbonizer through a pipeline, and the air outlet of the outer jacket is located on the side of the biochar outlet, and is connected to the carbonizer through a pipeline. The air inlet of the flue gas cooler is connected, the air outlet of the flue gas cooler is connected with the air inlet of the lye absorption tower through the pipeline, and the air outlet of the lye absorption tower is connected in parallel with the air inlet of the return fan and the smoke through the pipeline. The air inlet of the air exhaust equipment and the air outlet of the return fan are connected to the return port on the combustion chamber through pipes and valves; the air outlet of the external exhaust equipment is emptied; the liquid outlet of the spray liquid circulating pump is sprayed The liquid input pipeline is connected with the spray liquid inlet on the alkali liquid absorption tower, and the liquid return port of the spray liquid circulation pump is connected with the spray liquid return port on the alkali liquid absorption tower through the spray liquid return pipeline; Including an external water cooling system, a branch pipe in the cooling water of the external water cooling system is connected to the cooling water inlet of the flue gas cooler, and is connected to the return water main pipe through the water outlet of the flue gas cooler and a return water branch; the cooling water The other branch pipeline of the biochar cooler is connected to the cooling water inlet of the biochar cooler, and is connected to the return water main pipeline through the cooling water outlet of the biochar cooler and another return water branch; it is cooled by the flue gas cooler and biochar. The cooling water heated by the heater is collected into the main return water pipeline and then flows to the hot part, and the heated cold water is circulated as the cooling water supply water. 7 . The biomass charcoal-heat cogeneration device for continuously realizing heat self-circulation according to claim 6 , wherein the crusher is a shearing crusher. 8 . 8 . The biomass charcoal-heat cogeneration device for continuously realizing self-circulation of heat according to claim 6 , wherein a guide vane is arranged in the cyclone separator. 9 . 9 . The biomass charcoal-heat cogeneration device for continuously realizing heat self-circulation according to claim 6 , wherein the carbonizer is further provided with a first temperature sensor for detecting the high temperature flue gas temperature in the outer jacket. 10 . , a second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature at the front end of the carbonization chamber and a third sensor for detecting the temperature at the back end of the carbonization chamber; a fourth sensor is further provided on the pipeline connecting the air inlet of the cyclone separator with the air outlet of the carbonizer. temperature sensor; a fifth temperature sensor is further arranged on the pipeline connecting the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber with the air inlet on the outer jacket on the material inlet side of the carbonizer; the biochar outlet of the biochar cooler is connected to the first A sixth temperature sensor is further arranged on the pipeline connecting the three air locks; a first flow meter is arranged on the pipeline connecting the air outlet of the cyclone separator with the burner of the combustion chamber, and the fuel input pipeline and the air input pipeline A second flow meter and a third flow meter are respectively arranged on the road.

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