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CN110657955B - A laser frequency drift measurement method and system based on frequency shift feedback loop - Google Patents

A laser frequency drift measurement method and system based on frequency shift feedback loop Download PDF

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CN110657955B
CN110657955B CN201910817127.5A CN201910817127A CN110657955B CN 110657955 B CN110657955 B CN 110657955B CN 201910817127 A CN201910817127 A CN 201910817127A CN 110657955 B CN110657955 B CN 110657955B
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杨宏志
王磊
毛叶飞
高原
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China Academy of Space Technology CAST
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Abstract

本发明提供一种基于电光相位调制频移反馈环路的激光频率漂移测量方法及系统，具有简捷、高效、且高精度等特点。其利用电光相位调制器的双边带调制特性在一个调制周期内产生一对脉冲，进而基于双脉冲间隔受控于激光频率的特性测量计算激光频率漂移。

Figure 201910817127

The invention provides a laser frequency drift measurement method and system based on an electro-optical phase modulation frequency shift feedback loop, which has the characteristics of simplicity, high efficiency, and high precision. It utilizes the double-sideband modulation characteristic of the electro-optical phase modulator to generate a pair of pulses in one modulation period, and then calculates the laser frequency drift based on the characteristic measurement that the double-pulse interval is controlled by the laser frequency.

Figure 201910817127

Description

Laser frequency drift measurement method and system based on frequency shift feedback loop
Technical Field
The invention relates to the photoelectron technology, in particular to a laser frequency drift measuring method and a laser frequency drift measuring system based on an electro-optic phase modulation frequency shift feedback loop.
Background
The narrow-linewidth frequency stabilized laser has the advantages of long coherence length, narrow linewidth, stable frequency and the like, and is widely applied to various fields such as laser radar (wind measurement, cloud measurement and the like), laser communication and the like. In these applications, the laser is required to have a single frequency output and a high frequency stability. However, the frequency stability, especially the long-term stability, of the single-frequency laser generally needs to be stabilized by a special laser to reach a higher level. The operating frequency of the single-frequency laser varies with time due to the influence of crystal temperature, mechanical vibration and other factors. This phenomenon is referred to as laser output frequency drift. In practical applications, laser frequency drift may cause large measurement errors. For example, the laser coherent wind radar measures a wind field according to the doppler effect of laser, and when the frequency of a laser drifts, the doppler frequency shift generated by laser coherence includes not only the doppler frequency shift of the wind field but also the drift of the laser frequency, so that the wind speed measurement accuracy is reduced.
Common methods for measuring the frequency drift characteristic of the single-frequency laser include a direct measurement method, a beat frequency method, a frequency standard reference method, a self-heterodyne method and the like. The direct measurement method is to directly measure the output frequency of a laser by using a spectrum analyzer, and the measurement precision is limited by the frequency resolution of the spectrum analyzer; in the beat frequency method, a laser with the same frequency and a laser to be measured are generally used for optical heterodyne mixing to generate beat frequency, a spectrum analyzer analyzes beat frequency signals to obtain the frequency stability of the laser to be measured relative to the other laser, and the frequency instability of the beat frequency signals is derived from the two lasers. Thus, the beat method requires a reference laser having a higher stability than the laser under test. Other methods such as an optical frequency comb, a photoelectron oscillator, a Fabry-Perot (F-P) resonant cavity and the like are utilized by utilizing a frequency standard reference, a laser with high stability is not required to be introduced as a frequency reference, and the frequency drift of the laser can be directly measured in an optical frequency domain. However, the frequency measurement range is limited to the etalon half-width range.
Furthermore, the french scholars Chatellus studied in 2016 to find that the frequency shift feedback loop based on acousto-optic modulation can realize laser frequency-time mapping, that is, when the laser injected into the frequency shift feedback loop is composed of multiple frequencies, at the output end of the frequency shift feedback loop, the optical pulse perfectly maps the spectrum of the input seed laser along the time axis.
Therefore, a laser frequency drift measuring method with the advantages of wide measuring range, high precision, simple structure and the like is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, in a first aspect of the present invention, a laser frequency drift measurement method based on an electro-optical phase modulation frequency shift feedback loop is provided, where the method includes:
(1) injecting laser to be detected into a frequency shift feedback loop, and generating double-sideband frequency shift through electro-optic phase modulation;
(2) within the time tau of transmitting the laser to be measured in the loop for one circle, when the modulation frequency f of the electro-optic phase modulationmAnd when the multiplied value is tau is equal to an integer, outputting and detecting double-pulse output of the laser to be detected:
(2-1) at time t, one modulation period tmDetecting a first group of double-pulse outputs of the laser to be detected passing through the electro-optic phase modulation frequency shift feedback loop to obtain a time interval t' (t) of the first group of double-pulse outputs;
(2-2) at time t + Δ t, one modulation period tmDetecting a second group of double-pulse outputs of the laser to be detected passing through the electro-optic phase modulation frequency shift feedback loop to obtain a time interval t' (t + delta t) of the second group of double-pulse outputs;
(3) obtaining the frequency drift variation f of the laser to be detected according to the difference value t '(t + delta t) -t' (t) of the time intervals of the output of the second group of double pulses and the output of the first group of double pulses0(t+Δt)-f0(t) wherein f0The frequency of the laser to be measured.
Further, the frequency drift variation f of the laser to be measured0(t+Δt)-f0(t) is:
Figure GDA0002945850950000021
where δ is the modulation depth of the electro-optic phase modulation, ωmAnd tau is the time required by the laser to be measured to transmit one circle in the loop for modulating the angular frequency.
Further, the modulation depth δ satisfies: pi/20 < delta <2 pi.
Further, the modulation depth δ is pi.
Further, the electro-optic phase modulation is performed based on a radio frequency drive signal having a frequency fmFundamental frequency of said loop being fc；
The method further includes adjusting the f before detecting the first and second sets of double pulse outputsmAnd/or the fcSo that both satisfy:
fm＝p×fcwherein p is a positive integer.
Further, the method further comprises: if the frequency drift variation is judged to be larger than the fundamental frequency f of the loopcThen the fundamental frequency f is increasedcSo that the frequency drift variation is not greater than the fundamental frequency fc。
Further, before detecting the first and second groups of double-pulse outputs, the method further includes a step of increasing the transmission order of the laser to be detected in the loop.
In a second aspect of the present invention, a laser frequency drift measurement system is provided, wherein the laser frequency drift measurement system applies the laser frequency drift measurement method;
the laser frequency drift measurement system comprises:
the laser emission source to be detected is used for emitting and injecting the laser to be detected into the frequency shift feedback loop;
the frequency shift feedback loop comprises a low-noise optical amplifier for amplifying the laser to be detected and an electro-optic phase modulator for performing electro-optic phase modulation on the laser to be detected;
a photodetector for detecting the first and second sets of double pulse outputs;
the 2X2 coupler comprises a first input end IN1 connected with the laser emission source to be tested, a first output end OUT1 connected with the photoelectric detector, and a second input end IN2 and a second output end OUT2 connected with the frequency shift feedback loop;
and the high-speed acquisition system is connected with and receives the pulse output signal of the laser to be detected from the photoelectric detector and is used for measuring the time interval of the output of the first group of double pulses and the second group of double pulses in real time.
Further, a radio frequency driver is arranged in the electro-optical phase modulator to send out a radio frequency driving signal for the electro-optical phase modulation.
Further, the frequency shift feedback loop further comprises an optical narrow-band filter, and the central wavelength of the optical narrow-band filter is the same as the wavelength of the laser to be detected, so that the self-oscillation of the loop is suppressed.
The invention can obtain a simple, high-efficiency and high-precision laser frequency drift measurement method and system based on the double-pulse output characteristic of the electro-optic phase modulation frequency shift feedback loop and the characteristic that the double-pulse interval is controlled by the laser frequency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser frequency drift measurement process based on an electro-optic phase modulation frequency shift feedback loop according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser frequency drift measurement system based on an electro-optic phase modulation frequency shift feedback loop according to the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1-laser emission source to be measured; a 2-2X2 coupler; 3-an electro-optic phase modulator; 4-low noise optical amplifier; 5-an optical narrow-band filter; 6-a photodetector; 7-high speed acquisition system.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a schematic diagram of a laser frequency drift measurement process and a schematic diagram of a laser frequency drift measurement system according to the present invention are shown, respectively.
Referring to fig. 2, a laser emission source 1 to be measured emits laser light to be measured, and the laser light is injected into a frequency shift feedback loop through a 2X2 coupler 2 (such as an optical fiber coupler), and then sequentially passes through an electro-optic phase modulator 3 (which may include a radio frequency driver for outputting a radio frequency driving signal), a low-noise optical amplifier 4, and an optical narrow-band filter 5, and then is fed back to an input end IN2 of the coupler 2 again, and another output end OUT1 of the coupler is directly connected to a photodetector 6.
Injecting laser to be measured into a frequency shift feedback loop, generating double-sideband frequency shift through a phase modulator 3, and compensating loss of the modulated laser to be measured through a low noise amplifier 4 due to insertion loss of the modulator and connection loss between devices; meanwhile, in order to avoid the mode locking phenomenon caused by the self-excitation of the loop, an optical narrow-band filter 5 is inserted into the loop, so that the frequency of the laser to be measured is in the pass band range of the filter. Preferably, the center wavelength of the optical narrow-band filter 5 (such as a fiber filter) is the same as the wavelength of the laser to be measured, so as to further perform the functions of spectral filtering and raising the loop self-excitation threshold. And feeding the laser to be detected after the double-sideband frequency shift back to the loop input end again, and repeating the process to form a double-sideband frequency shift feedback loop.
Adjusting the time tau required by the laser to be measured to transmit for one circle in the loop and the modulation frequency f of the phase modulatormSo as to satisfy the resonance condition, i.e., τ × fmAn integer. At this time, due to the double-sideband modulation characteristic of the electro-optic modulator, a pair of pulses is generated within one modulation period, and the pulse interval is determined by the laser frequency. Let EIN1(t)、EoUT1(t) represents the laser electric field at the input (input end IN1) and output (output end OUT1) of the 2 × 2 coupler, respectively, and the expression relationship is shown as follows:
Figure GDA0002945850950000041
wherein, the transmission matrix of the 2X2 coupler 2 can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0002945850950000042
(m, n denote coupler input and output, respectively, tmnTo representThe average value of the transmission efficiency of the laser to be tested, which is injected into the coupler from the input port m and then exits from the output port n, is less than 1). The electric field expression of the laser to be measured is
Figure GDA0002945850950000043
Wherein the laser angular frequency is omegao＝2πfo(foThe frequency of the laser to be measured). The time required for the laser to transmit in the loop for one circle is tau, and the transfer function of the electro-optic phase modulation is
Figure GDA0002945850950000044
Wherein delta-pi Vm/VπTo modulate depth (V)mRadio frequency voltage, V, for electro-optic phase modulatorsπHalf-wave voltage of electro-optic phase modulator). Gamma is the loss factor of the loop, omegamFor modulating angular frequency, fmFor modulating frequency (omega)m＝2πfm)。
And when the modulation frequency of the electro-optic phase modulation is equal to the integral multiple of the loop fundamental frequency, outputting the double-pulse laser by a frequency shift feedback loop based on the electro-optic phase modulation. The double pulse interval t '(t) at time t and the double pulse interval t' (t + Δ t) at time t + Δ t are measured, respectively, so that the laser frequency varies by an amount ω0(t+Δt)-ω0The relationship between (t) and the pulse interval variation t '(t + Δ t) -t' (t) can be expressed as
Figure GDA0002945850950000045
Or
Figure GDA0002945850950000051
And finally, measuring the double-pulse interval in real time through the high-speed acquisition system 7, and reversely deducing the variation of the laser frequency according to the relation, so that the real-time measurement of the laser frequency drift can be realized.
In a preferred embodiment, the power of the RF drive signal of the electro-optic phase modulator is adjusted so that the modulation depth delta equals pi for a modulation period tm＝2π/ωmEach laser frequency corresponds to a pair of pulses with a double pulse interval
Figure GDA0002945850950000052
Figure GDA0002945850950000053
(modulation depth. delta. -. pi.) measured by the instantaneous angular frequency. omega. of the laser0And (6) determining. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, when the modulation depth δ satisfies π/20<δ<At 2m, ωoThe vicinity of τ -2 b-pi still satisfies a pair of pulses per laser frequency, except that the effective measurement range is reduced compared to a modulation depth δ equal to pi. However, when the modulation depth δ is too small or too large (e.g., δ ═ pi/20 or δ ═ 2 pi), the effective measurement range is greatly reduced, and real-time measurement of the frequency shift of the laser frequency cannot be realized. Therefore, the change rule of the laser instantaneous frequency can be inverted by using the interval change of the double pulses.
As another preferred mode, the present invention can be implemented by adjusting the frequency f of the radio frequency signalmSum loop fundamental frequency fc(the loop base frequency is determined by the loop length fcc/L, L being the loop length and c being the speed of light in vacuum), so that the modulation frequency fmEqual to an integer multiple (p × f)cP is an integer) loop fundamental frequency fcAnd the pulse output is more favorably observed from the output end.
Furthermore, when the laser frequency instantaneously drifts beyond the loop fundamental frequency fcDue to the periodicity of the sine function, the absolute amount of the laser frequency drift amount cannot be resolved at this time. Therefore, the loop fundamental frequency can be increased by shortening the loop length, or the loop fundamental frequency can be increased by changing the phase of the back-end algorithm by using two or more loops. The loop fundamental frequency can be continuously adjusted from 5MHz to 100MHz by the method. Therefore, when the laser frequency drift is large, the loop fundamental frequency f can be increasedcTo avoid laser frequency jitter outside the measurement range.
In addition, the measurement accuracy of the laser frequency drift depends on the pulse width, so that shortening the time domain width of the pulse can improve the measurement accuracy of the laser frequency drift; in particular by increasing the transmission order of the laser light to be measured in the frequency shift feedback loop (e.g. 10)5) Eventually, the order of 100Hz can be realizedFrequency resolution.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be regarded as equivalent substitutions and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1.一种基于电光相位调制频移反馈环路的激光频率漂移测量方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：1. a laser frequency drift measurement method based on electro-optic phase modulation frequency shift feedback loop, is characterized in that, described method comprises: （1）将待测激光注入频移反馈环路，经过电光相位调制产生双边带移频；(1) The laser to be measured is injected into the frequency-shift feedback loop, and the double-sideband frequency-shift is generated by electro-optical phase modulation; （2）所述待测激光在所述频移反馈环路中传输一周的时间τ内，当所述电光相位调制的调制频率f m 乘以所述τ等于整数时，输出并探测所述待测激光的双脉冲输出：(2) Within the time τ that the laser to be measured transmits for one cycle in the frequency-shift feedback loop, when the modulation frequency f m of the electro-optical phase modulation is multiplied by the τ equal to an integer, output and detect the laser to be detected. Measure the double pulse output of the laser: （2-1）在t时刻，一个调制周期t m 内，探测所述待测激光通过所述频移反馈环路的第一组双脉冲输出，得到所述第一组双脉冲输出的时间间隔t＇(t)；(2-1) At time t, within a modulation period t m , detect the first group of double-pulse outputs of the laser to be measured passing through the frequency-shift feedback loop, and obtain the time interval of the first group of double-pulse outputs t' ( t ); （2-2）在t+∆t时刻，一个调制周期t m 内，探测所述待测激光通过所述频移反馈环路的第二组双脉冲输出，得到所述第二组双脉冲输出的时间间隔t＇(t+∆t)；(2-2) At time t + Δt , within a modulation period t m , detect the second group of double-pulse outputs of the laser to be measured passing through the frequency-shift feedback loop, and obtain the second group of double-pulse outputs the time interval t' ( t + Δt ); （3）根据所述第二组双脉冲输出的时间间隔与所述第一组双脉冲输出的时间间隔的差值t＇(t+∆t)- t＇(t)，得出所述待测激光的频率漂移变化量f 0 (t+∆t)- f 0 (t)，其中，f 0 为所述待测激光的频率；(3) According to the difference between the time interval of the second group of double pulse outputs and the time interval of the first group of double pulse outputs, t' ( t + Δt ) - t' ( t ), obtain the The frequency drift variation f 0 ( t + Δt ) - f 0 ( t ) of the measuring laser, where f 0 is the frequency of the laser to be measured; 所述待测激光的频率漂移变化量f 0 (t+∆t)- f 0 (t)为：The frequency drift variation f 0 ( t + Δt )- f 0 ( t ) of the laser to be measured is:
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA0002945850940000011
;
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA0002945850940000011
; 其中，δ为所述电光相位调制的调制深度，ω m 为调制角频率；τ为所述待测激光在所述环路中传输一周所需的时间。Wherein, δ is the modulation depth of the electro-optical phase modulation, ω m is the modulation angular frequency, and τ is the time required for the laser to be measured to transmit one cycle in the loop. 2.根据权利要求1所述的激光频率漂移测量方法，其特征在于，所述调制深度δ满足：π/20<δ<2π。2 . The laser frequency drift measurement method according to claim 1 , wherein the modulation depth δ satisfies: π/20< δ <2π. 3 . 3.根据权利要求2所述的激光频率漂移测量方法，其特征在于，所述调制深度δ=π。3. The laser frequency drift measurement method according to claim 2, wherein the modulation depth δ =π. 4.根据权利要求1-3中任一所述的激光频率漂移测量方法，其特征在于，基于射频驱动信号进行所述电光相位调制，所述射频驱动信号的频率为f m ，所述环路的基频为f c ；4. The laser frequency drift measurement method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the electro-optical phase modulation is performed based on a radio frequency drive signal, the frequency of the radio frequency drive signal is f m , and the loop The fundamental frequency is f c ; 所述方法在探测所述第一组双脉冲输出、所述第二组双脉冲输出之前，还包括调整所述f m 和/或所述f c 的步骤，以使两者满足：Before detecting the first group of double-pulse outputs and the second group of double-pulse outputs, the method further includes the step of adjusting the f m and/or the f c so that the two satisfy: f m =p×f c ，其中p为正整数。 f m = p × f c , where p is a positive integer. 5.根据权利要求1-3中任一所述的激光频率漂移测量方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：若判断所述频率漂移变化量大于所述环路的基频f c ，则提高基频f c 以使所述频率漂移变化量不大于所述基频f c。 5. The laser frequency drift measurement method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the method further comprises: if it is determined that the frequency drift variation is greater than the fundamental frequency f c of the loop, then The fundamental frequency f c is increased so that the frequency drift change amount is not greater than the fundamental frequency f c. 6.根据权利要求1-3中任一所述的激光频率漂移测量方法，其特征在于，所述方法在探测所述第一组双脉冲输出、所述第二组双脉冲输出之前，还包括增加所述待测激光在所述环路中的传输阶次的步骤。6 . The laser frequency drift measurement method according to claim 1 , wherein before detecting the first group of double pulse outputs and the second group of double pulse outputs, the method further comprises: 7 . The step of increasing the transmission order of the laser to be measured in the loop. 7.一种激光频率漂移测量系统，其特征在于，所述激光频率漂移测量系统应用权利要求1-6中任一所述的激光频率漂移测量方法；7. A laser frequency drift measurement system, wherein the laser frequency drift measurement system applies the laser frequency drift measurement method according to any one of claims 1-6; 所述激光频率漂移测量系统包括：The laser frequency drift measurement system includes: 待测激光发射源（1），以向所述频移反馈环路发出并注入所述待测激光；A laser emission source (1) to be measured, to emit and inject the laser to be measured into the frequency shift feedback loop; 所述频移反馈环路，包括用于放大所述待测激光的低噪光学放大器（4）和对所述待测激光进行所述电光相位调制的电光相位调制器（3）；The frequency-shift feedback loop includes a low-noise optical amplifier (4) for amplifying the laser to be measured and an electro-optical phase modulator (3) for performing the electro-optical phase modulation on the laser to be measured; 光电探测器（6），用于探测所述第一组双脉冲输出、所述第二组双脉冲输出；a photodetector (6) for detecting the first group of double-pulse outputs and the second group of double-pulse outputs; 2X2耦合器（2），包括与所述待测激光发射源（1）连接的第一输入端IN1、与所述光电探测器（6）连接的第一输出端OUT1，以及与所述频移反馈环路连接的第二输入端IN2和第二输出端OUT2；A 2X2 coupler (2), comprising a first input terminal IN1 connected to the laser emission source (1) to be measured, a first output terminal OUT1 connected to the photodetector (6), and a first output terminal OUT1 connected to the frequency shifter the second input terminal IN2 and the second output terminal OUT2 connected by the feedback loop; 高速采集系统（7），连接并从所述光电探测器（6）中接收所述待测激光的脉冲输出信号，用于实时测量所述第一、第二组双脉冲输出的时间间隔。A high-speed acquisition system (7), connected to and receiving the pulse output signal of the laser to be measured from the photodetector (6), is used for real-time measurement of the time interval between the first and second sets of double pulse outputs. 8.根据权利要求7所述的激光频率漂移测量系统，其特征在于，所述电光相位调制器（3）内设置有射频驱动器，以发出射频驱动信号用于所述电光相位调制。8 . The laser frequency drift measurement system according to claim 7 , wherein a radio frequency driver is provided in the electro-optic phase modulator ( 3 ) to send out a radio frequency drive signal for the electro-optic phase modulation. 9 . 9.根据权利要求7或8所述的激光频率漂移测量系统，其特征在于，所述频移反馈环路还包括光学窄带滤波器（5），所述光学窄带滤波器（5）的中心波长与所述待测激光的波长相同，以抑制环路的自激振荡。9. The laser frequency drift measurement system according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the frequency shift feedback loop further comprises an optical narrowband filter (5), the center wavelength of the optical narrowband filter (5) The wavelength of the laser to be measured is the same to suppress the self-excited oscillation of the loop.
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