Test bench for displaying whole flow field of axial flow blood pump and flow field observation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to a test bench for displaying a full flow field of an axial flow blood pump, and also provides an observation method of the flow field of the axial flow blood pump.
Background
The axial flow blood pump is a ventricular assist device, and has the function of partially assisting or completely replacing the pumping function of the heart and maintaining the normal circulation of human blood, and the traditional axial flow blood pump at present adopts a transmission motor as a driving system, and a full-ring coil is sleeved outside a pump shell to drive a rotor impeller to rotate. Due to the shielding of the coils, the flow of blood within the pump, particularly in the region of the rotor impeller, cannot be observed by Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) or the like. The blood flow condition in the axial flow blood pump is closely related to the efficiency, hemolysis, thrombosis and other performances of the blood pump, and is important observation data for evaluating the structural design and flow field optimization of the blood pump, but the full flow field in the axial flow blood pump is difficult to observe at present due to the shielding of a driving coil and the non-transparency of a pump shell material. In order to observe the condition of a flow field in an axial flow blood pump in a larger range, a current test board for displaying the PIV of the flow field in the blood pump is to put a rotor impeller of the blood pump into a cavity made of transparent materials, and connect a shaft of a motor with a shaft of the rotor impeller to directly drive the rotor impeller to rotate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects that in the in-pump flow field observation test (especially PIV flow field display test) of an axial flow blood pump, the traditional axial flow blood pump driven by a DC brushless motor shields the internal structure of the blood pump due to the existence of a motor coil, and the flow condition of the in-pump, especially the rotor impeller area, cannot be observed by naked eyes or the test, and overcomes the problem that the in-pump flow field of the current axial flow blood pump is difficult to observe, and provides an axial flow blood pump flow field test board which can completely observe and record the full flow field flowing in the pump through naked eyes or a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera for PIV test.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for observing the flow field in a pump of an axial flow blood pump using the above-mentioned test bench.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The utility model provides a testboard for whole flow field display of axial flow blood pump, this testboard is last to set up axial flow blood pump fixing device and axial flow blood pump drive arrangement, axial flow blood pump drive arrangement of test is on axial flow blood pump fixing device, axial flow blood pump drive arrangement is contactless magnetic coupling drive arrangement, including initiative magnet and driving motor, driving motor connects initiative magnet, initiative magnet and the passive magnet parallel arrangement of rotor impeller in this axial flow blood pump constitute contactless magnetic coupling drive relation, so that initiative magnet is rotatory, thereby drives the passive magnet of rotor impeller in the axial flow blood pump rotates, and in coordination with this, at least part of axial flow blood pump's pump case is transparent material preparation.
Preferably, the whole pump shell of the axial flow blood pump is made of transparent materials.
According to the invention, through the test bed, a non-contact magnetic coupling driving device is used for replacing a motor coil to drive the rotor impeller of the axial flow pump to rotate, and the pump shell of the axial flow pump is made of transparent materials such as acrylic or quartz glass, so that the visualization of a full flow field flowing in the pump can be realized.
Preferably, the active magnet in the axial flow blood pump driving device and the passive magnet in the axial flow blood pump are both cylindrical and radial magnetized permanent magnets, and two poles of the permanent magnets are positioned on two opposite sides of the cylindrical permanent magnets.
The driving magnet has the structure that the driving magnet comprises a ferrous core shaft and a permanent magnet, wherein an axial through hole is formed in the permanent magnet, and the ferrous core shaft, namely a rotating shaft, penetrates through the axial through hole and is fixed with the permanent magnet into a whole.
As an embodiment, when the permanent magnet body length of the passive magnet is 20mm and the permanent magnet diameter length is 8mm, the permanent magnet body length of the active magnet is 20mm and the permanent magnet diameter length is 10.7mm.
The axial distance between the two mounting holes of the active magnet and the passive magnet on the test bench is lower than 50-60mm.
The motor is a direct current motor.
The voltage of the motor is adjustable.
As an example, the voltage of the motor may be adjustable between 0-24V with a maximum output power of 30V.
Specifically, the structure of the test bench may be:
The output shaft of the driving motor is arranged vertically upwards, the upper end of the driving motor is provided with a bottom plate, and the output shaft of the driving motor is positioned in the middle of the bottom plate;
The axial flow blood pump is arranged on the bearing support, so that the axial flow blood pump is arranged in parallel with the axis of the active magnet, a set distance is arranged between the axial flow blood pump bearing support and the active magnet, and the set distance enables the active magnet to magnetically couple to drive a passive magnet in the axial flow blood pump on the axial flow blood pump bearing support to rotate;
The inlet and the outlet of the axial flow blood pump are connected with a circulation loop.
The testing frame comprises an upper baffle, a lower baffle and four screws, wherein four corners of the upper baffle, the lower baffle and the bottom plate are provided with upper and lower corresponding perforations, the four screws are arranged in the four corners in a penetrating mode to be matched with nuts, the upper baffle, the lower baffle and the bottom plate are fixed at set intervals up and down, the upper baffle and the lower baffle are provided with upper and lower corresponding mounting holes, and bearing supports of the driving magnet and the axial flow blood pump are arranged in the mounting holes, so that the driving magnet and the axial flow blood pump are arranged between the lower baffle and the upper baffle in parallel.
The rotating shaft of the driving magnet extends downwards from the lower baffle plate, and is fixed with an output shaft extending upwards from the driving motor through a coupling.
The method for observing the flow field in the axial flow blood pump by the test bench comprises the following steps:
Dispersing fluorescent particles into the test fluid, and starting a driving motor;
the laser can directly irradiate the fluorescent particles of the flow field in the transparent axial blood pump from any direction,
The CCD camera positioned in the direction perpendicular to the laser can directly shoot the flow field in the transparent axial blood pump. Therefore, the test bench can be used for PIV display and other tests of the flow field in the blood pump.
By using the test bench to observe the flow field in the axial flow blood pump, not only the flow field in the area near the inlet and the outlet of the axial flow blood pump can be observed, but also the flow field in the rotor blade area which is shielded by the coil and cannot be observed conventionally can be observed.
In the axial flow blood pump driving device, a cylindrical active magnet and a passive magnet in the axial flow blood pump are arranged, one generatrix in the middle of the outer side surface of a half cylinder is an electrode line A, the electrode line A and the axis of the magnet form a pole face, and the included angle of the pole faces of the same magnetic poles of the active magnet and the passive magnet is an initial opposite angle which is 60-100 degrees at the beginning of testing.
When the rotating speed of the impeller of the axial flow blood pump needs to be regulated, the rotating speed of the driving magnet is regulated by regulating the voltage of the motor, and then the rotating speed of the axial flow blood pump is regulated.
According to the flow field test bench, a shaft of a motor is adopted to drive a driving magnet to rotate, the motor shaft is connected with the driving magnet through a coupling, the driving magnet is arranged between an upper baffle plate and a lower baffle plate, a bottom plate is arranged on the motor, the bottom plate is connected with the lower baffle plate through a screw rod, and the lower baffle plate is connected with the upper baffle plate through the screw rod.
During test, the transparent axial flow pump in the circulation loop is arranged in the mounting holes of the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate in a direction parallel to the driving magnet, and the magnetic field generated by the rotating driving magnet acts on the driven magnet in the rotor impeller to enable the driven magnet to rotate at the same rotating speed as that of the driving magnet, so that the rotor impeller of the transparent axial flow pump is driven to rotate, and the flow field in the transparent axial flow pump can be completely observed. Since the flow condition of the fluid in the pump of the transparent axial flow blood pump can be observed from most directions, if fluorescent particles are scattered into the test fluid, laser can directly irradiate the fluorescent particles in the flow field in the transparent axial flow blood pump from any directions, and a CCD camera positioned at the direction perpendicular to the laser can directly shoot the flow field in the pump of the transparent axial flow blood pump, so the test bench can be used for PIV display and other tests of the flow field in the blood pump.
In the observation of the flow field in the axial blood pump through the test bench, the transmission efficiency can be improved by adjusting the initial relative angle between the active magnet and the passive magnet, and the rotating speed of the impeller can be changed by adjusting the voltage of the direct current motor.
The test board for displaying the whole flow field of the axial flow blood pump provided by the invention adopts magnetic coupling driving to replace motor coil driving of the traditional axial flow blood pump, an active magnet driven by magnetic coupling is not in contact with the axial flow blood pump and is at a certain distance from the axial flow blood pump, and the pump shell of the axial flow blood pump is made transparent, so that no external shielding exists in the flow field in the pump, and the flow field in the whole pump can be observed through naked eyes or a CCD camera. The method provided by the invention can conveniently observe the flow field in the pump, can improve the transmission efficiency and can conveniently adjust the rotating speed of the impeller.
The invention is illustrated in detail below by means of the figures and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test bench for displaying a full flow field of an axial flow blood pump.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the upper and lower baffles of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the active and passive magnets.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of one example of initial opposite angles of the active and passive magnets.
Fig. 5 is a graph of torque versus initial relative angle for a passive magnet.
Fig. 6a is a graph of the rotational speed (counterclockwise) of the passive magnet as a function of voltage.
Fig. 6b is a graph of the rotational speed (clockwise) of the passive magnet as a function of voltage.
Fig. 7a is a graph of active magnet rotational speed (counterclockwise) voltage variation.
Fig. 7b is a graph of passive magnet rotational speed (clockwise) voltage variation.
Fig. 8a is a graph of the rotational speed and voltage of the active and passive magnets in a forward and reverse rotation (counter-clockwise).
Fig. 8b is a graph (clockwise) of the rotational speed and voltage of the active and passive magnets in a forward and reverse rotation.
Fig. 9a is a graph (counterclockwise) of passive magnet rotational speed as a function of active magnet rotational speed.
Fig. 9b is a graph (clockwise) of passive magnet rotational speed as a function of active magnet rotational speed.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a test board for displaying a flow field in a pump of an axial flow blood pump, which is a test board for driving a rotor impeller of the axial flow blood pump by adopting magnetic coupling, enabling an active magnet used for the magnetic coupling driving to be free from any contact with the axial flow blood pump, enabling a pump shell of the axial flow blood pump to be processed by transparent materials such as acrylic or quartz glass, enabling the flow field in the pump to be free from being blocked by an external structure, and enabling the flow field in the whole pump to be directly observed.
As shown in fig. 1, the test board for displaying the whole flow field of the axial flow pump is provided with the axial flow pump fixing device and the axial flow pump driving device, wherein the axial flow pump driving device is a non-contact magnetic coupling driving device and comprises an active magnet 7 and a motor 1, the motor 1 is connected with the active magnet 7, specifically, the motor 1 is arranged below, the active magnet 7 is arranged above, and the active magnet 7 is connected through a coupling 4 so as to rotate.
The passive magnet 6 in the axial flow blood pump is parallel to the axis of the active magnet 7, the active magnet 7 is driven by the motor 1 to rotate, the passive magnet 6 of the rotor impeller in the axial flow blood pump for testing arranged on the axial flow blood pump fixing device is driven to rotate, and the pump shell of the axial flow blood pump is made of transparent materials.
The driving magnet 7 drives the driven magnet 6 to rotate in the same direction, the driving magnet can rotate anticlockwise or clockwise, the driven magnet rotates forward when the driving magnet rotates forward, and the driven magnet rotates backward when the driving magnet rotates backward.
Specifically, the structure of the test bench is:
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the output shaft of the motor 1 is arranged upright, a bottom plate 2 is arranged at the upper end of the driving motor 1, and the output shaft of the driving motor 1 is positioned in the middle of the bottom plate 2;
A test frame is arranged above the bottom plate 2, the test frame comprises an upper baffle 8, a lower baffle 5 and four screws 3, the four corners of the upper baffle 8, the lower baffle 5 and the bottom plate 2 are provided with corresponding through holes from top to bottom, the lower baffle 5 has the same structure as the upper baffle 8, and the four corners of the lower baffle 5 are provided with through holes 51, see the figure 2 for showing the lower baffle. By penetrating four screws 3 into the perforations at four corners of the bottom plate 2, the lower baffle 5 and the upper baffle 8, and matching nuts, the upper baffle 8, the lower baffle 5 and the bottom plate 2 are fixed at set intervals up and down, mounting holes corresponding up and down are arranged on the upper baffle 8 and the lower baffle 5, as shown in fig. 2, one mounting hole is arranged at the center of the lower baffle 5 to form an active magnet mounting hole 53, the other mounting hole is beside the active magnet mounting hole 53 to form an axial flow blood pump mounting hole 52, the axial distance between the two mounting holes is lower than 50mm, bearing supports of the active magnet and the axial flow blood pump are arranged in the active magnet mounting hole 53 and the axial flow blood pump mounting hole 52, and the active magnet 7 and the axial flow blood pump 6 are parallelly supported on the bearing supports of the corresponding mounting holes on the lower baffle and the upper baffle.
The set distance between the axial flow pump bearing support and the active magnet ensures that the active magnet 7 can magnetically couple with the passive magnet in the axial flow pump 6 on the axial flow pump bearing support to rotate, and ensures the rotating performance of the passive magnet, the size of the two magnets and the performance of the motor.
The inlet and outlet of the axial blood pump 6 are connected to a circulation circuit (not shown).
The pump casing of the axial blood pump 6 is made of a transparent material, for example, a transparent material such as acryl or quartz glass.
The active magnet is a permanent magnet.
According to the invention, through the test bed, the non-contact magnetic coupling driving device is used for replacing a motor coil to drive the rotor impeller of the axial flow pump to rotate, and the pump shell of the axial flow pump is added, so that the visualization of the full flow field flowing in the pump can be realized.
As shown in fig. 3, the driving magnet 7 includes a core shaft 71 and a permanent magnet, and an axial through hole is formed in the permanent magnet, through which the core shaft, i.e., the rotating shaft 71, is integrally fixed with the permanent magnet. The passive magnet 6 has the same structure, and an iron core shaft, namely a rotating shaft 61, is connected with the impeller.
The active magnet 7 in the axial flow blood pump driving device and the passive magnet 6 in the axial flow blood pump are both cylindrical and are radial magnetized permanent magnets, two poles of each permanent magnet are positioned on two opposite sides of the cylindrical permanent magnet, one half cylinder is an S pole, and the other half cylinder is an N pole. One of the bus bars in the middle of the outer side surface of the half cylinder is a polar line A (see FIG. 3), the polar line A and the axis of the magnet form a polar surface, the included angle between the polar surface 7B of the S-pole magnet of the active magnet 7 and the polar surface 6B of the S-pole magnet of the passive magnet is a relative angle, and the relative angle before the test is the initial relative angle a (see FIG. 4).
It is found that as the initial relative angle a increases, the torque obtained by the rotor, i.e., the passive magnet, increases, and when the initial relative angle a is 90 ° (as shown in fig. 4), the torque reaches a maximum value, and then starts to decrease gradually, as shown in fig. 5 and table 1.
TABLE 1 Passive permanent magnet moment vs. initial relative angular variation
As a transmission system, in order to ensure that it can still operate under a certain load, it is necessary to ensure that the minimum torque minus the load torque is positive. The power P is proportional to the torque T and the angular velocity Ω, p=tΩ, that is to say, the power of the magnetomotive system increases with increasing initial relative angle, until 90 ° reaches the maximum output power.
The permanent magnet array of the magnetic drive system and the arrangement relative position of the rotor are therefore arranged initially at 90 ° half circumference relative to each other.
It is therefore preferred that the active magnet 7 is adjusted so that the initial relative angle is 60 ° to 100 ° prior to testing.
In addition to the initial relative angle, which affects the rotation of the passive magnet, there is also the voltage and power of the motor.
The structural dimensions of the active and passive magnets in one embodiment are set forth in table 2.
Table 2 device-related parameters
Table 3 lists the voltage of the motor and the corresponding data for the rotational speeds of the active and passive magnets.
Table 3 device speed data table
Fig. 6a, 6b and fig. 7a, 7b show the rotational speed of the passive and active magnets versus the voltage of the motor.
Experiments show that the rotation speeds of the active magnet and the passive magnet are increased along with the increase of the voltage, and when the rotation speed of the impeller of the axial flow blood pump needs to be regulated, the rotation speed of the active magnet is regulated by regulating the voltage of the motor, and then the rotation speed of the axial flow blood pump is regulated.
The rotating speed of the two wheels can reach more than 10000r/min under the voltage of 24V, which is enough to meet the rotating speed requirement of the impeller of the axial flow blood pump.
As is clear from fig. 8a, 8b and 9a and 9b, the non-contact magnetic coupling method in the test bench is adopted, the rotation speed consistency of the active magnet and the passive magnet is good, and the rotation speeds of the two magnets can be kept substantially consistent in each figure because the two magnets rotate clockwise or counterclockwise.
The active magnet and the passive magnet in the blood pump are permanent magnets, have magnetic force permanently after magnetization, are not easy to demagnetize, have strong magnetism under the condition of no interference of an external magnetic field, and have stable magnetic fields generated by the magnetism, and the magnetic fields can pass through non-magnetic substances such as a pump shell to carry out magnetic force transmission, so that the magnetic pump is very suitable for being used as a component member for magnetic coupling driving of an axial blood pump. The magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet is utilized to realize the process of opposite attraction and opposite repulsion, and magnetic energy is converted into mechanical energy through magnetic coupling. The active magnet and the passive magnet of the permanent magnet can complete energy transfer without direct contact, friction loss is reduced, and meanwhile, the device has the characteristic of small noise.
The rotor impeller of the axial flow blood pump is driven to rotate in a non-contact magnetic coupling mode, the pump shell of the axial flow blood pump is made of transparent materials, and the whole flow field in the pump can be observed without being blocked, so that the axial flow blood pump is a prominent characteristic of the test bed.