CN110649283A - Fuel cell system and low-temperature starting method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell system and low-temperature starting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110649283A CN110649283A CN201810669708.4A CN201810669708A CN110649283A CN 110649283 A CN110649283 A CN 110649283A CN 201810669708 A CN201810669708 A CN 201810669708A CN 110649283 A CN110649283 A CN 110649283A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell system, comprising: the fuel cell stack comprises a fuel cell stack, a heat exchanger, a fuel supply system and an oxidant supply system, wherein the oxidant supply system is connected with a first side inlet of the heat exchanger, a first side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack, a fuel supply device of the fuel supply system is connected with a second side inlet of the heat exchanger, and a second side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with an anode inlet of the fuel cell stack. According to the fuel cell system, under the condition that redundant energy consumption and fuel consumption of the system are not increased, the cathode gas supply temperature is utilized, the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell stack are simultaneously preheated through the heat exchanger, the temperature of the fuel cell stack is balanced, the fuel cell can be quickly started in a low-temperature environment, the operation life of the fuel cell at a low temperature is ensured, and the redundant energy consumption is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a fuel cell system and a low-temperature starting method of the fuel cell system.
Background
The fuel cell directly and continuously converts chemical energy in the fuel hydrogen into electric energy by utilizing the reaction of the fuel hydrogen and oxygen in the air. The fuel cell has the characteristics of high energy conversion efficiency, no pollution and the like, and is considered to be one of alternative future traffic power technologies. The high energy conversion efficiency comes from its direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy without the carnot cycle limitation of heat engines, and has been recognized by governments and industry worldwide to address the energy crisis currently facing the world and to satisfy government pollution-solving strategies.
As a clean and efficient energy conversion device, the fuel cell is expected to replace an internal combustion engine to become the most promising power system for the vehicle. However, the application of fuel cells in the automotive field needs to meet the requirements of automobiles in low-temperature environments. The fuel cell cathode catalyst layer is a place where both the electrochemical reaction proceeds and the reaction product water is generated. In addition, the proton exchange membrane needs to be ensured to be wet during the operation process of the fuel cell so as to realize the transmission of protons inside the proton exchange membrane. When the internal temperature of the battery is below the freezing point, water in the battery may freeze, thereby affecting the performance of the battery. If the cathode catalyst layer has insufficient void volume to accommodate the previously accumulated water before the cell internal temperature rises to freezing, ice can clog the catalyst layer and reduce the Electrochemically Active Area (ECA), thereby slowing or even stopping the reaction rate. Therefore, when the fuel cell is applied in a low-temperature (lower than 0 ℃) environment, the starting of the fuel cell in the low-temperature environment is one of the key problems to be solved for the fuel cell vehicle.
In the related art, in order to solve the problem of low-temperature start of the fuel cell, the cathode of the fuel cell is usually preheated, which generates a large temperature gradient on both sides of the proton exchange membrane, is not favorable for quick start of the fuel cell at low temperature, and has an adverse effect on the life of the fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. To this end, the invention proposes a fuel cell system which makes it possible to achieve bipolar warm-up.
A fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the fuel cell stack comprises a fuel cell stack, a heat exchanger, a fuel supply system and an oxidant supply system, wherein the oxidant supply system is connected with a first side inlet of the heat exchanger, a first side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack, a fuel supply device of the fuel supply system is connected with a second side inlet of the heat exchanger, and a second side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with an anode inlet of the fuel cell stack.
According to the fuel cell system provided by the embodiment of the invention, under the condition that the redundant energy consumption and the fuel consumption of the system are not increased, the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell stack are simultaneously preheated by the heat exchanger through the cathode air supply temperature. The preheating mode can quickly and uniformly preheat the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell stack, the temperature of the fuel cell stack is balanced, the fuel cell can be quickly started in a low-temperature environment, the service life of the fuel cell at a low temperature is ensured, and redundant energy consumption is reduced.
According to a fuel cell system of an embodiment of the present invention, the oxidant supply system includes: the heat exchanger comprises a first branch and a second branch which are connected in parallel, wherein the first side of the heat exchanger is arranged on the first branch, a heat exchanger switch valve is arranged on the first branch, and a bypass valve is arranged on the second branch; and the outlet of the air compressor is connected with the first ends of the first branch and the second branch, and the second ends of the first branch and the second branch are connected with the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack.
According to a fuel cell system of an embodiment of the present invention, the oxidant supply system further includes: and the intercooler is connected between the outlet of the air compressor and the first end of the first branch and the first end of the second branch.
A fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention, further comprising: an air flow meter connected between the second ends of the first and second legs and the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack; a fuel flow meter connected between the second side outlet of the heat exchanger and the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack.
According to a fuel cell system of an embodiment of the present invention, the fuel supply system further includes: a discharge valve connected to an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack; and the inlet of the reflux pump is connected between the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack and the discharge valve, and the outlet of the reflux pump is connected with the second side inlet of the heat exchanger.
According to a fuel cell system of an embodiment of the present invention, the fuel supply system further includes: the check valve is connected between the outlet of the reflux pump and the second side inlet of the heat exchanger and is in one-way conduction from the outlet of the reflux pump to the second side inlet of the heat exchanger.
According to a fuel cell system of an embodiment of the present invention, the oxidant supply system includes: the heat exchanger comprises a first branch and a second branch which are connected in parallel, wherein the first side of the heat exchanger is arranged on the first branch, a heat exchanger switch valve is arranged on the first branch, and a bypass valve is arranged on the second branch; an outlet of the air compressor is connected with first ends of the first branch and the second branch, and second ends of the first branch and the second branch are connected with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack; the fuel cell system further comprises a control system, the control system is connected with the fuel supply system and the oxidant supply system, and the control system is set to open the heat exchanger switch valve, open the air compressor, open the discharge valve and the fuel supply device for purging time T1, close the discharge valve and open the reflux pump if the ambient temperature is a first preset temperature T1.
A fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention, further comprising: the heat management system comprises a circulating pump, a coolant water tank, a radiator and a heat exchange part, wherein the heat exchange part is used for exchanging heat with the fuel cell stack, and the circulating pump, the heat exchange part, the radiator and the coolant water tank are sequentially connected end to end.
The invention also provides a low-temperature starting method of the fuel cell system, which comprises the following steps: when the heat exchanger is started, if the ambient temperature is the first preset temperature T1, the heat exchanger switch valve is opened; starting an air compressor for air supply according to a starting set flow Qa1, and preheating a cathode for heat exchange of the fuel cell stack; opening the discharge valve, and opening the fuel supply device to purge the anode of the fuel cell stack according to the purge time t 1; closing the discharge valve, opening the reflux pump, and circulating the anode of the fuel cell stack according to the preheating set flow rate Qh 0; when the anode exhaust temperature of the fuel cell stack exceeds a first preset temperature T1, starting the fuel supply device to supply fuel according to a preset preheating flow rate Qh1, and loading according to a preset preheating current i 1; and when the anode exhaust temperature of the fuel cell stack exceeds a second preset temperature T2, opening the bypass valve and closing the heat exchanger switching valve.
According to the low-temperature starting method of the fuel cell system of one embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell system further includes: the heat dissipation system is used for dissipating heat of the fuel cell stack, and the intercooler is connected between an outlet of the air compressor and first ends of the first branch and the second branch; if the ambient temperature is a first preset temperature T1 when the step is started, the step of opening the heat exchanger switch valve further comprises the following steps: closing the intercooler; the step of opening the bypass valve and closing the heat exchanger switching valve when the anode exhaust temperature of the fuel cell stack exceeds a second preset temperature T2 further includes: and opening the intercooler, adjusting the rotating speed of the air compressor, supplying air according to the air flow Qa2, adjusting a fuel supply device and a reflux pump, supplying fuel according to the fuel supply flow Qh2, opening the thermal management system, and loading according to the current i 2.
The invention also provides a low-temperature starting method of the fuel cell system, which comprises the following steps: when the heat exchanger is started, if the ambient temperature is a first preset temperature T1, the heat exchanger switch valve is started; starting the air compressor to supply air according to a starting set flow Qa1, and preheating a cathode for heat exchange of the fuel cell stack; and starting a fuel supply device to preheat the anode of the fuel cell stack.
The present invention also proposes a low-temperature starting method of a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system being the fuel cell system according to any one of claims 5 to 7, the low-temperature starting method comprising: when the heat exchanger is started, if the ambient temperature is a first preset temperature T1, the heat exchanger works; starting an air compressor for air supply according to a starting set flow Qa1, and preheating a cathode for heat exchange of the fuel cell stack; opening the discharge valve, and opening the fuel supply device to purge the anode of the fuel cell stack according to the purge time t 1; closing the discharge valve, opening the reflux pump, and circulating the anode of the fuel cell stack according to the preheating set flow rate Qh 1; when the anode exhaust temperature of the fuel cell stack exceeds a first preset temperature T1, starting the fuel supply device to supply fuel according to a preset preheating flow rate Qh2, and loading according to a preset preheating current i 1; when the anode exhaust temperature of the fuel cell stack exceeds a second preset temperature T2, the low-temperature start-up is completed.
The low-temperature starting method of the fuel cell system has the same advantages of the fuel cell system compared with the prior art, and is not described again.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the system comprises an air purification filter 1, an air compressor 2, an intercooler 3, a bypass valve 4, a heat exchanger 5, a heat exchanger switch valve 6, an air flow meter 7, a cathode exhaust temperature detector 8, a backpressure controller 9, an exhaust silencer 10, a hydrogen storage tank 11, a pressure regulating valve 12, a fuel flow meter 13, an anode exhaust temperature detector 14, a discharge valve 15, a reflux pump 16, a check valve 17, a coolant temperature detector 18, a radiator 19, a coolant water tank 20, a circulating pump 21, a fuel cell stack 22, a load 23, a control system 101, an oxidant supply system 102, a fuel supply system 103, a thermal management system 104 and an electric energy output system 105.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention. Furthermore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
A fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 2.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a fuel cell stack 22, a heat exchanger 5, a fuel supply system 103, and an oxidant supply system 102.
The fuel cell stack 22 may be a proton exchange membrane, alkaline or solid oxide fuel cell stack, and the fuel cell stack 22 has an anode inlet, a cathode inlet, an anode outlet, and a cathode outlet, wherein fuel (anode gas, which may be hydrogen) enters from the anode inlet, oxidant (cathode gas, which may be air) enters from the cathode inlet, and after the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell stack 22 occurs, the anode outlet discharges anode tail gas, and the cathode outlet discharges cathode tail gas.
The oxidant supply system 102 is connected to a cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack 22, the oxidant supply system 102 provides a cathode gas for the fuel cell stack 22, the cathode gas provided by the oxidant supply system 102 may be air, and the oxidant supply system 102 may control and monitor parameters such as air supply pressure, temperature and humidity.
Wherein, referring to fig. 1, the oxidant supply system 102 may include an air cleaner filter 1, an air compressor 2, an intercooler 3, and an air flow meter 7, an outlet of the air cleaner filter 1 is connected to an inlet of the air compressor 2, an outlet of the air compressor 2 is connected to an inlet of the intercooler 3, an outlet of the intercooler 3 is connected to a cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack 22, the air flow meter 7 may be disposed between an outlet of the intercooler 3 and the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack 22, and the air flow meter 7 may be disposed at the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack 22.
The air purifier 1 filters impurities in air entering the fuel cell system to ensure the cleanness of reaction air, the air compressor is used for continuously providing reaction air with certain pressure for the fuel cell system, the intercooler 3 cools compressed air at the outlet of the air compressor 2, and the air flow meter 7 is used for detecting the air flow entering the cathode of the fuel cell stack 22.
The cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack 22 can be provided with a cathode exhaust temperature detector 8, a backpressure controller 9 and an exhaust silencer 10, the cathode exhaust temperature detector 8 monitors the air temperature at the cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack 22, the backpressure controller 9 is used for adjusting and controlling the cathode side pressure of the fuel cell, and the exhaust silencer 10 is used for carrying out silencing treatment on the discharged air noise.
The fuel supply system 103 supplies anode gas to the fuel cell stack 22, and controls and monitors supply parameters such as pressure, temperature, and flow rate of fuel supply. The fuel supply system 103 is connected to an anode inlet of the fuel cell stack 22, and the fuel supply system 103 is used to supply fuel, hydrogen, to the fuel cell stack 22.
The heat exchanger 5 is used for exchanging heat between the cathode gas and the anode gas, the oxidant supply system 102 is connected with a first side inlet of the heat exchanger 5, a first side outlet of the heat exchanger 5 is connected with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack 22, a fuel supply device of the fuel supply system 103 is connected with a second side inlet of the heat exchanger 5, and a second side outlet of the heat exchanger 5 is connected with an anode inlet of the fuel cell stack 22. The heat exchanger 5 may be a shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a heat pipe heat exchanger. Preferably, the heat exchanger 5 is a heat pipe type heat exchanger.
When the fuel cell system needs to be started at a low temperature, the cathode gas with a higher temperature can be provided to the cathode of the fuel cell stack 22 to preheat the cathode of the fuel cell stack 22, and the cathode gas can exchange heat with the anode gas provided by the fuel supply system 103 through the heat exchanger to increase the temperature of the anode gas, so that the anode gas can be preheated for the anode of the fuel cell stack 22 after being introduced into the anode of the fuel cell stack 22.
The cathode gas with higher temperature provided by the cathode of the fuel cell stack 22 may be air compressed by the air compressor 2 and not cooled by the intercooler 3, for example, the intercooler 3 is turned off, and the high-temperature and high-pressure air compressed by the air compressor 2 may provide a preheating heat source. Thus, the air heat source compressed by the air compressor 2 can be used for preheating the cathode of the fuel cell stack 22, and after the air heat source exchanges heat with the anode gas provided by the fuel supply device through the heat exchanger 5, the anode gas directly preheats the anode of the fuel cell stack 22.
According to the fuel cell system of the embodiment of the invention, the heat of the compressed air of the air compressor 2 is utilized to preheat the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell stack 22 through the heat exchanger 5 at the same time without increasing the redundant energy consumption and the fuel consumption of the system. The preheating mode can quickly and uniformly preheat the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell stack 22 at the same time, the temperature of the fuel cell stack 22 is balanced, the fuel cell can be quickly started in a low-temperature environment, the service life of the fuel cell at a low temperature is ensured, and redundant energy consumption is reduced.
In a second embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the oxidant supply system 102 may include: intercooler 3, first branch road, second branch road and air compressor machine 2, the export of air compressor machine 2 links to each other with the first end of first branch road and second branch road, and the second end of first branch road and second branch road links to each other with fuel cell pile 22's cathode inlet.
First branch road and second branch road parallel connection, first branch road is located to the first side of heat exchanger 5, and is equipped with heat exchanger ooff valve 6 on the first branch road, is equipped with bypass valve 4 on the second branch road. The intercooler 3 is connected between the outlet of the air compressor 2 and the first ends of the first and second branches, and the air flow meter 7 is connected between the second ends of the first and second branches and the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack 22.
The first branch and the second branch are arranged, so that the circulation path of air can be controlled, for example, when the low-temperature starting is carried out, the intercooler 3 is closed, the switch valve 6 of the heat exchanger can be opened, at least part of hot air exchanges heat in the heat exchanger 5, the temperature of fuel is increased, so that the anode can be preheated, and the bypass valve 4 can be opened or closed in the preheating process; when the low-temperature start is not required or the fuel cell system is operating normally, the bypass valve 4 is opened and the heat exchanger on-off valve 6 is closed, so that air is supplied directly to the fuel cell stack 22 without passing through the heat exchanger 5. The heat exchanger switching valve 6 and the bypass valve 4 may be connected to a control system 101 of the fuel cell system, and the heat exchanger switching valve 6 and the bypass valve 4 may be solenoid valves so as to be controlled to open and close.
The invention also discloses a low-temperature starting method of the fuel cell system, which comprises the following steps: when the heat exchanger is started, if the ambient temperature is the first preset temperature T1, the heat exchanger switch valve 6 is started; starting the air compressor 2 to supply air according to the starting set flow Qa1, and preheating the heat exchange cathode of the fuel cell stack 22; the fuel supply device is turned on to preheat the anode of the fuel cell stack 22, the fuel supplied from the fuel supply device exchanges heat with air in the heat exchanger 5, and preheats the anode of the fuel cell stack 22. The low-temperature starting method can control the air circulation path to switch between low-temperature starting and normal operation without influencing the normal operation of the fuel cell system.
In a third embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a fuel supply apparatus includes: a hydrogen storage tank 11 and a pressure regulating valve 12, wherein the hydrogen storage tank 11 can be a high-pressure tank, the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 11 is connected with the inlet of the second side of the heat exchanger 5 through the pressure regulating valve 12, and the pressure regulating valve 12 is used for stabilizing the gas supply pressure of the hydrogen storage tank 11.
As shown in fig. 2, the fuel supply system 103 further includes: a fuel flow meter 13, a discharge valve 15, a reflux pump 16, a check valve 17 and an anode exhaust temperature detector 14.
A fuel flow meter 13 is connected between the second side outlet of the heat exchanger 5 and the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack 22, and the fuel flow meter 13 measures the fuel cell hydrogen.
An anode exhaust temperature detector 14 is provided at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack 22 for monitoring the anode exhaust temperature of the fuel cell stack 22.
A discharge valve 15 is connected to the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack 22, and the discharge valve 15 is used to control the discharge of the anode-side exhaust gas and water.
An inlet of the return pump 16 is connected between an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack 22 and the discharge valve 15, an outlet of the return pump 16 is connected with a second side inlet of the heat exchanger 5, and the return pump 16 performs pressurization and return on the unreacted fuel gas. The check valve 17 is connected between the outlet of the reflux pump 16 and the second side inlet of the heat exchanger 5, and is in one-way conduction from the outlet of the reflux pump 16 to the second side inlet of the heat exchanger 5, and the check valve 17 is used for preventing gas from flowing backwards.
The invention also discloses a low-temperature starting method of the fuel cell system, which comprises the following steps: when the heat exchanger 5 is started, if the ambient temperature is a first preset temperature T1, the heat exchanger works; starting the air compressor 2 to supply air according to the starting set flow Qa1, and preheating the heat exchange cathode of the fuel cell stack 22; opening the discharge valve 15, and starting the fuel supply device to purge the anode of the fuel cell stack 22 according to the purge time t 1; closing the drain valve 15, starting the reflux pump 16, and circulating the anode of the fuel cell stack 22 according to the preheating set flow rate Qh 1; when the anode exhaust temperature of the fuel cell stack 22 exceeds a first preset temperature T1, starting a fuel supply device to supply fuel according to a preset preheating flow rate Qh2, and loading according to a preset preheating current i 1; when the anode off-gas temperature of the fuel cell stack 22 exceeds the second preset temperature T2, the low-temperature start-up is completed.
The low-temperature starting method can purge the anode through the fuel gas before preheating the anode, stop supplying the fuel gas after purging is finished, and realize heat exchange by utilizing the fuel gas circulating flow in the pipeline so as to reduce the waste of the fuel gas.
In a fourth embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the oxidant supply system 102 may include: intercooler 3, first branch road, second branch road and air compressor machine 2, the export of air compressor machine 2 links to each other with the first end of first branch road and second branch road, and the second end of first branch road and second branch road links to each other with fuel cell pile 22's cathode inlet. First branch road and second branch road parallel connection, first branch road is located to the first side of heat exchanger 5, and is equipped with heat exchanger ooff valve 6 on the first branch road, is equipped with bypass valve 4 on the second branch road. The intercooler 3 is connected between the outlet of the air compressor 2 and the first ends of the first and second branches, and the air flow meter 7 is connected between the second ends of the first and second branches and the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack 22. The fuel supply system 103 further includes: a fuel flow meter 13, a discharge valve 15, a reflux pump 16, a check valve 17 and an anode exhaust temperature detector 14. The fuel flow meter 13 is connected between the second side outlet of the heat exchanger 5 and the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack 22. An anode exhaust temperature detector 14 is provided at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack 22. The discharge valve 15 is connected to an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack 22. An inlet of the return pump 16 is connected between an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack 22 and the discharge valve 15, an outlet of the return pump 16 is connected with a second side inlet of the heat exchanger 5, and the return pump 16 performs pressurization and return on the unreacted fuel gas. The check valve 17 is connected between the outlet of the reflux pump 16 and the second side inlet of the heat exchanger 5, and is in one-way communication from the outlet of the reflux pump 16 to the second side inlet of the heat exchanger 5.
The fuel cell system further comprises a control system 101, the control system 101 is connected with the fuel supply system 103 and the oxidant supply system 102, and the control system 101 is configured to open the heat exchanger on-off valve 6, open the air compressor 2, open the discharge valve 15 and the fuel supply purge time T1, then close the discharge valve 15 and open the reflux pump 16 if the ambient temperature is a first preset temperature T1. Or the fuel cell system is set to open the heat exchanger on-off valve 6, open the air compressor 2, open the discharge valve 15 and the fuel supply device purge time T1, then close the discharge valve 15 and open the return pump 16 if the ambient temperature is the first preset temperature T1 at the time of starting.
The fuel cell system provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for purging the anode through the fuel gas before preheating the anode, stopping supplying the fuel gas after purging is finished, realizing heat exchange by utilizing the fuel gas circulating flow in the pipeline so as to reduce the waste of the fuel gas, and controlling the air circulation path so as to switch between low-temperature start and normal work without influencing the normal work of the fuel cell system.
The invention also discloses a low-temperature starting method of the fuel cell system, which comprises the following steps: when the heat exchanger is started, if the ambient temperature is the first preset temperature T1, the heat exchanger on-off valve 6 is opened; starting the air compressor 2 to supply air according to the starting set flow Qa1, and preheating the heat exchange cathode of the fuel cell stack 22; opening the discharge valve 15, and starting the fuel supply device to purge the anode of the fuel cell stack 22 according to the purge time t 1; closing the drain valve 15, starting the reflux pump 16, and circulating the anode of the fuel cell stack 22 according to the preheating set flow rate Qh 0; when the anode exhaust temperature of the fuel cell stack 22 exceeds a first preset temperature T1, starting a fuel supply device to supply fuel according to a preset preheating flow rate Qh1, and loading according to a preset preheating current i 1; when the anode exhaust gas temperature of the fuel cell stack 22 exceeds the second preset temperature T2, the bypass valve 4 is opened, and the heat exchanger switching valve 6 is closed.
Further, the fuel cell system further includes: a thermal management system 104 for dissipating heat of the fuel cell stack 22 and an intercooler 3 connected between an outlet of the air compressor 2 and first ends of the first branch and the second branch; if the ambient temperature is the first preset temperature T1 when the step is started, opening the heat exchanger on-off valve 6 further includes: the intercooler 3 is closed; the steps of opening the bypass valve 4 and closing the heat exchanger on-off valve 6 when the anode exhaust temperature of the fuel cell stack 22 exceeds a second preset temperature T2 further include: the intercooler 3 is turned on, the rotation speed of the air compressor 2 is adjusted, air supply is performed according to the air flow rate Qa2, the fuel supply device and the reflux pump 16 are adjusted, fuel supply is performed according to the fuel supply flow rate Qh2, and the thermal management system 104 is turned on to load the air compressor according to the current i 2.
In other words, the low-temperature start-up method includes: when the heat exchanger is started, if the environment temperature is the first preset temperature T1, the intercooler 3 is closed, and the heat exchanger switch valve 6 is opened; starting the air compressor 2 to supply air according to the starting set flow Qa1, and preheating the heat exchange cathode of the fuel cell stack 22; opening the discharge valve 15, and starting the fuel supply device to purge the anode of the fuel cell stack 22 according to the purge time t 1; closing the drain valve 15, starting the reflux pump 16, and circulating the anode of the fuel cell stack 22 according to the preheating set flow rate Qh 0; when the anode exhaust temperature of the fuel cell stack 22 exceeds a first preset temperature T1, starting a fuel supply device to supply fuel according to a preset preheating flow rate Qh1, and loading according to a preset preheating current i 1; when the anode exhaust temperature of the fuel cell stack 22 exceeds a second preset temperature T2, the bypass valve 4 is opened, the heat exchanger on-off valve 6 is closed, the intercooler 3 is opened, the rotation speed of the air compressor 2 is adjusted, air supply is performed according to the air flow rate Qa2, the fuel supply device and the reflux pump 16 are adjusted, fuel supply is performed according to the fuel supply flow rate Qh2, the thermal management system 104 is opened, and loading is performed according to the current i 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the fuel cell system according to any of the above embodiments may further include: the heat management system 104 comprises a circulating pump 21, a coolant water tank 20, a coolant temperature detector 18, a radiator 19 and a heat exchange part for exchanging heat with the fuel cell stack 22, wherein the circulating pump 21, the heat exchange part, the radiator 19 and the coolant water tank 20 are sequentially connected end to end.
The thermal management system 104 performs temperature control of the fuel cell during operation of the fuel cell. The circulation pump 21 circulates the fuel cell coolant. The coolant tank 20 is a coolant storage tank. The radiator 19 is a cooling source of the fuel cell cooling circuit, and finally radiates the heat of the fuel cell to the environment through the cooling circuit. The coolant temperature detector 18 monitors the fuel cell outlet temperature.
The electric power output system 105 is a load 23 of the fuel cell, and outputs the electric power generated by the fuel cell stack 22.
The control system 101 controls the fuel cell system, and the control system 101 is connected to the fuel cell air compressor 2, all the electromagnetic valves, the cooling circulation pump 21, the intercooler 3, the radiator 19, and the electric power output system 105.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (12)
1. A fuel cell system, characterized by comprising: the fuel cell stack comprises a fuel cell stack, a heat exchanger, a fuel supply system and an oxidant supply system, wherein the oxidant supply system is connected with a first side inlet of the heat exchanger, a first side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack, a fuel supply device of the fuel supply system is connected with a second side inlet of the heat exchanger, and a second side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with an anode inlet of the fuel cell stack.
2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the oxidant supply system includes:
the heat exchanger comprises a first branch and a second branch which are connected in parallel, wherein the first side of the heat exchanger is arranged on the first branch, a heat exchanger switch valve is arranged on the first branch, and a bypass valve is arranged on the second branch;
and the outlet of the air compressor is connected with the first ends of the first branch and the second branch, and the second ends of the first branch and the second branch are connected with the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack.
3. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein the oxidant supply system further comprises:
and the intercooler is connected between the outlet of the air compressor and the first end of the first branch and the first end of the second branch.
4. The fuel cell system according to claim 2, further comprising:
an air flow meter connected between the second ends of the first and second legs and the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack;
a fuel flow meter connected between the second side outlet of the heat exchanger and the anode inlet of the fuel cell stack.
5. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fuel supply system further comprises:
a discharge valve connected to an anode outlet of the fuel cell stack;
and the inlet of the reflux pump is connected between the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack and the discharge valve, and the outlet of the reflux pump is connected with the second side inlet of the heat exchanger.
6. The fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein the fuel supply system further comprises:
the check valve is connected between the outlet of the reflux pump and the second side inlet of the heat exchanger and is in one-way conduction from the outlet of the reflux pump to the second side inlet of the heat exchanger.
7. The fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein the oxidant supply system includes: the heat exchanger comprises a first branch and a second branch which are connected in parallel, wherein the first side of the heat exchanger is arranged on the first branch, a heat exchanger switch valve is arranged on the first branch, and a bypass valve is arranged on the second branch; an outlet of the air compressor is connected with first ends of the first branch and the second branch, and second ends of the first branch and the second branch are connected with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack;
the fuel cell system further comprises a control system, the control system is connected with the fuel supply system and the oxidant supply system, and the control system is set to open the heat exchanger switch valve, open the air compressor, open the discharge valve and the fuel supply device for purging time T1, close the discharge valve and open the reflux pump if the ambient temperature is a first preset temperature T1.
8. The fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising: the heat management system comprises a circulating pump, a coolant water tank, a radiator and a heat exchange part, wherein the heat exchange part is used for exchanging heat with the fuel cell stack, and the circulating pump, the heat exchange part, the radiator and the coolant water tank are sequentially connected end to end.
9. A low-temperature starting method of a fuel cell system, characterized in that the fuel cell system is the fuel cell system according to claim 7, the low-temperature starting method comprising:
when the heat exchanger is started, if the ambient temperature is the first preset temperature T1, the heat exchanger switch valve is opened;
starting an air compressor for air supply according to a starting set flow Qa1, and preheating a cathode for heat exchange of the fuel cell stack;
opening the discharge valve, and opening the fuel supply device to purge the anode of the fuel cell stack according to the purge time t 1;
closing the discharge valve, opening the reflux pump, and circulating the anode of the fuel cell stack according to the preheating set flow rate Qh 0;
when the anode exhaust temperature of the fuel cell stack exceeds a first preset temperature T1, starting the fuel supply device to supply fuel according to a preset preheating flow rate Qh1, and loading according to a preset preheating current i 1;
and when the anode exhaust temperature of the fuel cell stack exceeds a second preset temperature T2, opening the bypass valve and closing the heat exchanger switching valve.
10. The low temperature starting method of a fuel cell system according to claim 9, wherein the fuel cell system further comprises: the heat dissipation system is used for dissipating heat of the fuel cell stack, and the intercooler is connected between an outlet of the air compressor and first ends of the first branch and the second branch;
if the ambient temperature is a first preset temperature T1 when the step is started, the step of opening the heat exchanger switch valve further comprises the following steps: closing the intercooler;
the step of opening the bypass valve and closing the heat exchanger switching valve when the anode exhaust temperature of the fuel cell stack exceeds a second preset temperature T2 further includes: and opening the intercooler, adjusting the rotating speed of the air compressor, supplying air according to the air flow Qa2, adjusting a fuel supply device and a reflux pump, supplying fuel according to the fuel supply flow Qh2, opening the thermal management system, and loading according to the current i 2.
11. A low-temperature starting method of a fuel cell system, characterized in that the fuel cell system is the fuel cell system according to any one of claims 2 to 4, the low-temperature starting method comprising:
when the heat exchanger is started, if the ambient temperature is a first preset temperature T1, the heat exchanger switch valve is started;
starting the air compressor to supply air according to a starting set flow Qa1, and preheating a cathode for heat exchange of the fuel cell stack;
and starting a fuel supply device to preheat the anode of the fuel cell stack.
12. A low-temperature starting method of a fuel cell system, characterized in that the fuel cell system is the fuel cell system according to any one of claims 5 to 7, the low-temperature starting method comprising:
when the heat exchanger is started, if the ambient temperature is a first preset temperature T1, the heat exchanger works;
starting an air compressor for air supply according to a starting set flow Qa1, and preheating a cathode for heat exchange of the fuel cell stack;
opening the discharge valve, and opening the fuel supply device to purge the anode of the fuel cell stack according to the purge time t 1;
closing the discharge valve, opening the reflux pump, and circulating the anode of the fuel cell stack according to the preheating set flow rate Qh 1;
when the anode exhaust temperature of the fuel cell stack exceeds a first preset temperature T1, starting the fuel supply device to supply fuel according to a preset preheating flow rate Qh2, and loading according to a preset preheating current i 1;
when the anode exhaust temperature of the fuel cell stack exceeds a second preset temperature T2, the low-temperature start-up is completed.
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