CN110648569A - Frictional force demonstration platform for physics experiments - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种物理实验用摩擦力演示平台,包括实验台、支撑杆、升降箱体、侧板、升降组件、缓冲组件、夹紧组件和万向轮,实验台底端均匀固定安装有四个支撑杆的一端,支撑杆底端贯通升降箱体顶端外壁,升降箱体内部设置有升降组件,实验台顶端设置有缓冲组件,第三滑槽底端设置有夹紧组件;该物理实验用摩擦力演示平台,能够很好的演示摩擦力实验的整个过程,且数据较为可靠;能够根据老师和学生的身高不同,来调节实验台的高度,便于老师和学生使用,通过电机匀速带动测试块移动,所得实验结果更有说服力,且为了防止误操作,设置了缓冲装置,能避免测试块直接撞击电机,能防止滑板滑动,对实验结果产生影响。
The invention discloses a friction force demonstration platform for physical experiments, comprising an experimental platform, a support rod, a lifting box, a side plate, a lifting component, a buffer component, a clamping component and a universal wheel. One end of the four support rods, the bottom end of the support rod penetrates the outer wall of the top of the lifting box, the lifting box is provided with a lifting component, the top of the test bench is provided with a buffer component, and the bottom end of the third chute is provided with a clamping component; this physical experiment Using the friction force demonstration platform, the whole process of the friction force experiment can be well demonstrated, and the data is relatively reliable; the height of the experimental platform can be adjusted according to the heights of teachers and students, which is convenient for teachers and students to use, and the test is driven by the motor at a constant speed. If the block moves, the experimental results obtained are more convincing, and in order to prevent misoperation, a buffer device is set up, which can prevent the test block from directly hitting the motor, and can prevent the sliding plate from sliding, which has an impact on the experimental results.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及物理实验教具技术领域,具体为一种物理实验用摩擦力演示平台。The invention relates to the technical field of physical experiment teaching aids, in particular to a friction force demonstration platform for physical experiments.
背景技术Background technique
目前,在物理教学方面,有很多理论教学知识点需要结合实验演示教学进行展示,如此方便学生理解教学知识,也方便老师结合实验进行教学演示。但在摩擦力教学实验过程中,通常采用的实验教学方法,就是直接采用一个弹簧拉力计进行手动牵拉测试,实现实验演示,这种测试方式相对不够规范,手动牵拉速度相对不稳定,对于摩擦力的测试结果没有说服力,在实验过程中不同摩擦系数的摩擦板没有固定,可能会导致摩擦板滑动,影响实验结果,且由于老师和学生的身高各不相同不能根据身高来调节实验台的高度,给实验者带来许多不便。At present, in terms of physics teaching, there are many theoretical teaching knowledge points that need to be displayed in combination with experimental demonstration teaching, so that it is convenient for students to understand teaching knowledge, and it is also convenient for teachers to carry out teaching demonstration in combination with experiments. However, in the process of friction teaching experiment, the commonly used experimental teaching method is to directly use a spring tension meter to perform manual pulling test to realize experimental demonstration. This test method is relatively unstandardized, and the manual pulling speed is relatively unstable. The test results of friction force are not convincing. During the experiment, the friction plates with different friction coefficients are not fixed, which may cause the friction plates to slide and affect the experimental results. Since the heights of teachers and students are different, the experimental bench cannot be adjusted according to the height. height, which brings a lot of inconvenience to the experimenter.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提供一种物理实验用摩擦力演示平台,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a friction force demonstration platform for physical experiments, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种物理实验用摩擦力演示平台,包括实验台、支撑杆、升降箱体、侧板、防护罩、升降组件、缓冲组件、夹紧组件、固定杆、伸缩杆、第一弹簧和万向轮,所述实验台底端均匀固定安装有四个支撑杆的一端,所述支撑杆底端贯通升降箱体顶端外壁,所述升降箱体内部设置有升降组件;In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a friction demonstration platform for physical experiments, including a test bench, a support rod, a lifting box, a side plate, a protective cover, a lifting component, a buffer component, a clamping component, A fixed rod, a telescopic rod, a first spring and a universal wheel. The bottom end of the test bench is evenly fixed with one end of four support rods. Equipped with lifting components;
所述升降组件包括第一螺杆、转轮、第一滑块、第一滑槽、连杆、支撑板、第二滑块和第二滑槽,所述升降箱体靠近底部内壁两侧转动连接有第一螺杆,所述第一螺杆的一侧通过转动套贯通转动连接在升降箱体外壁一侧,且第一螺杆表面螺纹连接有两个第一滑块,所述第一滑块两侧通过铰链活动连接有连杆的一端,所述连杆的另一端通过连接块活动铰接在支撑板底端,所述实验台顶端设置有缓冲组件;The lifting assembly includes a first screw, a runner, a first slider, a first chute, a connecting rod, a support plate, a second slider and a second chute, and the lifting box is rotatably connected on both sides of the inner wall of the bottom. There is a first screw, one side of the first screw is connected to one side of the outer wall of the lifting box through a rotating sleeve, and two first sliders are threadedly connected on the surface of the first screw. One end of the connecting rod is movably connected with the hinge, the other end of the connecting rod is movably hinged to the bottom end of the support plate through the connecting block, and the top of the test table is provided with a buffer assembly;
所述缓冲组件包括电机、转轴、挡板、挡杆、第二弹簧、缓冲板、第三滑槽、滑板、测试块、测力计和牵引绳,所述实验台顶端一侧通过螺栓固定安装有电机,所述电机的输出端与转轴的一端固定连接,所述电机旁边且位于实验台顶端固定安装有挡板,所述挡板一侧均匀固定安装有六个挡杆,所述挡杆表面套接有第二弹簧,所述第二弹簧的一端固定连接在缓冲板一侧,所述缓冲板滑动连接在实验台顶端一侧,所述实验台顶端中部一侧开设有第三滑槽,且第三滑槽内滑动连接有滑板,所述第三滑槽底端设置有夹紧组件;The buffer assembly includes a motor, a rotating shaft, a baffle, a stop rod, a second spring, a buffer plate, a third chute, a slide plate, a test block, a dynamometer and a traction rope, and the top side of the test bench is fixed and installed by bolts There is a motor, the output end of the motor is fixedly connected with one end of the rotating shaft, a baffle is fixedly installed next to the motor and at the top of the test bench, and six blocking bars are evenly fixed on one side of the baffle. A second spring is sleeved on the surface, one end of the second spring is fixedly connected to one side of the buffer plate, the buffer plate is slidably connected to the top side of the test bench, and a third chute is opened on the middle side of the top of the test bench , and a sliding plate is slidably connected in the third chute, and the bottom end of the third chute is provided with a clamping assembly;
所述夹紧组件包括第四滑槽、第二螺杆、摇杆、套筒、连接板、第三弹簧和压板,所述第三滑槽底端贯通开设有第四滑槽,所述第四滑槽一侧通过转动套转动安装有第二螺杆,所述第二螺杆的一端与摇杆的一端固定连接,所述摇杆的另一端贯通第四滑槽内壁通过转动套转动连接在实验台一侧,所述第二螺杆表面两侧螺纹连接有两个套筒,所述套筒一侧固定连接有连接板,所述连接板一侧固定安装有四个第三弹簧的一端,所述第三弹簧的另一端固定连接在压板一侧。The clamping assembly includes a fourth chute, a second screw, a rocker, a sleeve, a connecting plate, a third spring and a pressure plate, and a fourth chute is formed through the bottom end of the third chute. One side of the chute is rotatably installed with a second screw through a rotating sleeve, one end of the second screw is fixedly connected with one end of the rocker, and the other end of the rocker penetrates the inner wall of the fourth chute and is rotated and connected to the test bench through the rotating sleeve On one side, two sleeves are threadedly connected on both sides of the surface of the second screw, one side of the sleeve is fixedly connected with a connecting plate, and one end of the connecting plate is fixedly installed with one end of four third springs. The other end of the third spring is fixedly connected to one side of the pressing plate.
根据上述技术方案,所述实验台顶端两侧固定安装有侧板,所述实验台顶端一侧固定安装有防护罩,所述升降箱体底端外壁均匀固定安装有四个固定杆的一端,所述固定杆的另一端与伸缩杆的顶端固定连接,所述伸缩杆底端固定连接有万向轮,且连接处套接有第一弹簧。According to the above technical solution, side plates are fixedly installed on both sides of the top of the test bench, a protective cover is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the test bench, and one end of four fixing rods is evenly fixed on the outer wall of the bottom end of the lifting box. The other end of the fixed rod is fixedly connected with the top end of the telescopic rod, the bottom end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected with a universal wheel, and the connection is sleeved with a first spring.
根据上述技术方案,所述第一螺杆的一端固定安装有转轮,且转轮靠近端面一侧固定安装有手柄,所述第一滑块底端滑动连接在第一滑槽内,所述第一滑槽开设于升降箱体底端内壁,所述升降箱体内壁两侧均开设有第二滑槽,所述第二滑槽内滑动连接有第二滑块,所述第二滑块的一端固定连接在支撑板一侧。According to the above technical solution, a runner is fixedly installed at one end of the first screw, and a handle is fixedly installed on the side of the runner close to the end face, the bottom end of the first slider is slidably connected in the first chute, and the first A chute is defined on the inner wall of the bottom end of the lift box, and a second chute is opened on both sides of the inner wall of the lift box. A second slider is slidably connected in the second chute, and the second slider is One end is fixedly connected to one side of the support plate.
根据上述技术方案,所述滑板顶端滑动连接有测试块,所述测试块一侧通过牵引块固定连接有牵引绳的一端,所述牵引绳一侧固定连接有测力计,所述牵引绳的另一端依次贯通缓冲板、挡板、防护罩一侧外壁固定连接在转轴表面。According to the above technical solution, a test block is slidably connected to the top of the slide plate, one end of the traction rope is fixedly connected to one side of the test block through the traction block, and a dynamometer is fixedly connected to one side of the traction rope. The other end passes through the buffer plate, the baffle plate and the outer wall of one side of the protective cover in sequence, and is fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating shaft.
根据上述技术方案,所述万向轮上设置有刹车片。According to the above technical solution, the universal wheel is provided with a brake pad.
根据上述技术方案,所述第一螺杆和第二螺杆表面均设置有正反旋向的螺纹。According to the above technical solution, the surfaces of the first screw and the second screw are provided with forward and reverse rotation threads.
根据上述技术方案,所述滑板表面设置有不同摩擦系数的摩擦层。According to the above technical solution, the surface of the sliding plate is provided with friction layers with different friction coefficients.
根据上述技术方案,所述测试块顶端开设有放置槽,且放置槽内放置有砝码。According to the above technical solution, the top of the test block is provided with a placement slot, and a weight is placed in the placement slot.
根据上述技术方案,所述缓冲板为橡胶缓冲板。According to the above technical solution, the buffer plate is a rubber buffer plate.
根据上述技术方案,所述测力计为弹簧测力计。According to the above technical solution, the dynamometer is a spring dynamometer.
与现有技术相比,本发明所达到的有益效果是:该物理实验用摩擦力演示平台,能够很好的演示摩擦力实验的整个过程,且数据较为可靠;通过升降组件的设置,能够根据老师和学生的身高不同,来调节实验台的高度,便于老师和学生使用,通过缓冲组件的设置,通过电机匀速带动测试块移动,所得实验结果更有说服力,且为了防止误操作,设置了缓冲装置,能避免测试块直接撞击电机,有效保证老师和学生的人身安全,通过夹紧组件的设置,能方便的更换不同摩擦系数的滑板,同时也能防止滑板滑动,对实验结果产生影响。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are: the friction force demonstration platform for physical experiments can well demonstrate the entire process of the friction force experiment, and the data is relatively reliable; Teachers and students have different heights to adjust the height of the test bench, which is convenient for teachers and students to use. Through the setting of the buffer components, the test block is moved at a constant speed by the motor, and the obtained experimental results are more convincing. In order to prevent misoperation, set the The buffer device can prevent the test block from directly hitting the motor, effectively ensuring the personal safety of teachers and students. Through the setting of the clamping components, the sliding plates with different friction coefficients can be easily replaced, and at the same time, the sliding of the sliding plates can be prevented, which will affect the experimental results.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中:The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification, and are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the attached image:
图1是本发明的整体主视剖切结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the overall front view sectional structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
图2是本发明的升降组件主视剖切结构示意图;FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the front cross-sectional structure of the lifting assembly of the present invention;
图3是本发明的俯视结构示意图;Fig. 3 is the top view structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
图4是本发明的左视剖切结构示意图;Fig. 4 is the left side view cut-away structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
图5是图2中A区域的放大图;Fig. 5 is the enlarged view of A area in Fig. 2;
图6是图4中B区域的放大图;Fig. 6 is the enlarged view of B area in Fig. 4;
图中:1、实验台;2、支撑杆;3、升降箱体;4、侧板;5、防护罩;6、升降组件;7、缓冲组件;8、夹紧组件;9、固定杆;10、伸缩杆;11、第一弹簧;12、万向轮;61、第一螺杆;62、转轮;63、第一滑块;64、第一滑槽;65、连杆;66、支撑板;67、第二滑块;68、第二滑槽;71、电机;72、转轴;73、挡板;74、挡杆;75、第二弹簧;76、缓冲板;77、第三滑槽;78、滑板;79、测试块;710、测力计;711、牵引绳;81、第四滑槽;82、第二螺杆;83、摇杆;84、套筒;85、连接板;86、第三弹簧;87、压板。In the figure: 1. Experimental table; 2. Support rod; 3. Lifting box; 4. Side plate; 5. Protective cover; 6. Lifting assembly; 7. Buffer assembly; 8. Clamping assembly; 9. Fixing rod; 10, telescopic rod; 11, first spring; 12, universal wheel; 61, first screw rod; 62, runner; 63, first slider; 64, first chute; 65, connecting rod; 66, support plate; 67, second slider; 68, second chute; 71, motor; 72, shaft; 73, baffle; 74, stop rod; 75, second spring; 76, buffer plate; 77, third slide slot; 78, slide plate; 79, test block; 710, dynamometer; 711, traction rope; 81, fourth chute; 82, second screw; 83, rocker; 84, sleeve; 85, connecting plate; 86, the third spring; 87, the pressure plate.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
请参阅图1-6,本发明提供一种技术方案:一种物理实验用摩擦力演示平台,包括实验台1、支撑杆2、升降箱体3、侧板4、防护罩5、升降组件6、缓冲组件7、夹紧组件8、固定杆9、伸缩杆10、第一弹簧11和万向轮12,实验台1底端均匀固定安装有四个支撑杆2的一端,支撑杆2底端贯通升降箱体3顶端外壁,实验台1顶端两侧固定安装有侧板4,实验台1顶端一侧固定安装有防护罩5,升降箱体3底端外壁均匀固定安装有四个固定杆9的一端,固定杆9的另一端与伸缩杆10的顶端固定连接,伸缩杆10底端固定连接有万向轮12,且连接处套接有第一弹簧11,万向轮12上设置有刹车片,升降箱体3内部设置有升降组件6;1-6, the present invention provides a technical solution: a friction demonstration platform for physical experiments, including a
升降组件6包括第一螺杆61、转轮62、第一滑块63、第一滑槽64、连杆65、支撑板66、第二滑块67和第二滑槽68,升降箱体3靠近底部内壁两侧转动连接有第一螺杆61,第一螺杆61的一侧通过转动套贯通转动连接在升降箱体3外壁一侧,且第一螺杆61表面螺纹连接有两个第一滑块63,第一滑块63两侧通过铰链活动连接有连杆65的一端,连杆65的另一端通过连接块活动铰接在支撑板66底端,第一螺杆61的一端固定安装有转轮62,且转轮62靠近端面一侧固定安装有手柄,第一螺杆61表面设置有正反旋向的螺纹,第一滑块63底端滑动连接在第一滑槽64内,第一滑槽64开设于升降箱体3底端内壁,升降箱体3内壁两侧均开设有第二滑槽68,第二滑槽68内滑动连接有第二滑块67,第二滑块67的一端固定连接在支撑板66一侧,实验台1顶端设置有缓冲组件7;The
缓冲组件7包括电机71、转轴72、挡板73、挡杆74、第二弹簧75、缓冲板76、第三滑槽77、滑板78、测试块79、测力计710和牵引绳711,实验台1顶端一侧通过螺栓固定安装有电机71,电机71的输出端与转轴72的一端固定连接,电机71旁边且位于实验台1顶端固定安装有挡板73,挡板73一侧均匀固定安装有六个挡杆74,挡杆74表面套接有第二弹簧75,第二弹簧75的一端固定连接在缓冲板76一侧,缓冲板76为橡胶缓冲板,缓冲板76滑动连接在实验台1顶端一侧,实验台1顶端中部一侧开设有第三滑槽77,且第三滑槽77内滑动连接有滑板78,滑板78表面设置有不同摩擦系数的摩擦层,滑板78顶端滑动连接有测试块79,测试块79顶端开设有放置槽,且放置槽内放置有砝码,测试块79一侧通过牵引块固定连接有牵引绳711的一端,牵引绳711一侧固定连接有测力计710,测力计710为弹簧测力计,牵引绳711的另一端依次贯通缓冲板76、挡板73、防护罩5一侧外壁固定连接在转轴72表面,第三滑槽77底端设置有夹紧组件8;The
夹紧组件8包括第四滑槽81、第二螺杆82、摇杆83、套筒84、连接板85、第三弹簧86和压板87,第三滑槽77底端贯通开设有第四滑槽81,第四滑槽81一侧通过转动套转动安装有第二螺杆82,第二螺杆82表面设置有正反旋向的螺纹,第二螺杆82的一端与摇杆83的一端固定连接,摇杆83的另一端贯通第四滑槽81内壁通过转动套转动连接在实验台1一侧,第二螺杆82表面两侧螺纹连接有两个套筒84,套筒84一侧固定连接有连接板85,连接板85一侧固定安装有四个第三弹簧86的一端,第三弹簧86的另一端固定连接在压板87一侧;该物理实验用摩擦力演示平台在使用时,升降箱体3底端固定安装有万向轮12,实验者可通过万向轮12对整个装置进行移动,且万向轮12上设置有刹车片,可以很好的固定在需要使用的地方,固定完成后,通过正向转动转轮62上的手柄带动第一螺杆61正向转动,从而带动两个第一滑块63在第一滑槽64内相对滑动,进而带动第一滑块63一侧铰接的连杆65斜向上移动,从而通过铰链带动支撑板66在第二滑槽68内向上滑动,通过支撑杆2带动实验台1向上移动,从而达到实验者需要的高度,实验时,通过电机71工作,带动转轴72匀速转动,从而通过牵引绳711带动测力计710匀速移动,再通过牵引绳711带动测试块79在滑板78上匀速移动,此时可通过更换测试块79内装的质量不同的砝码,来观察测力计710指针所指的示数变化,并记录下来,当实验者误操作,没有关闭电机71,此时测试块79和测力计710在牵引绳711的牵引下,会撞向缓冲板76,通过缓冲板76压缩第二弹簧75,起到缓冲作用,避免直接甩出对旁边人员造成人身伤害,通过正向转动摇杆83带动第二螺杆82正向转动,从而带动两个套筒84在第四滑槽81内相向移动,进而带动连接板85相向移动,连接板85通过第三弹簧86带动压板87移动,此时,可更换不同摩擦系数的滑板78,通过反向转动摇杆83带动第二螺杆82反向转动,从而带动两个套筒84在第四滑槽81内相向移动,进而带动连接板85相向移动,通过压缩第三弹簧86来挤压压板87,对滑板78进行固定夹紧,防止滑板78滑动影响实验结果,同时,来观察测力计710指针所指的示数变化,并记录下来,实验完成后,通过反向转动转轮62上的手柄带动第一螺杆61反向转动,从而带动两个第一滑块63在第一滑槽64内相对滑动,进而带动第一滑块63一侧铰接的连杆65斜向下移动,从而通过铰链带动支撑板66在第二滑槽68内向下滑动,通过支撑杆2带动实验台1向下移动,从而恢复原有高度。The clamping
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any relationship between these entities or operations. any such actual relationship or sequence exists. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to encompass a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or device that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes not explicitly listed or other elements inherent to such a process, method, article or apparatus.
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, the The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some technical features thereof may be equivalently replaced. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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