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CN110630360A - 用于运行scr催化器的方法 - Google Patents

用于运行scr催化器的方法 Download PDF

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CN110630360A
CN110630360A CN201910536967.4A CN201910536967A CN110630360A CN 110630360 A CN110630360 A CN 110630360A CN 201910536967 A CN201910536967 A CN 201910536967A CN 110630360 A CN110630360 A CN 110630360A
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scr catalyst
reducing agent
deviation
agent solution
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A.弗里奇
R.魏因曼
S.拉德曼
T.赫夫肯
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N11/00Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/12Other sensor principles, e.g. using electro conductivity of substrate or radio frequency
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2570/00Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14Nitrogen oxides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • F01N2610/146Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2900/00Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0404Methods of control or diagnosing using a data filter
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0416Methods of control or diagnosing using the state of a sensor, e.g. of an exhaust gas sensor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/18Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
    • F01N2900/1806Properties of reducing agent or dosing system
    • F01N2900/1818Concentration of the reducing agent
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行SCR催化器的方法。其中,获知(34)还原剂溶液的浓度与额定值的偏差(∆c)并且根据所述偏差进行(35)注入的还原剂溶液的计量量相对于要求的计量量的改变(∆m)。

Description

用于运行SCR催化器的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行SCR催化器的方法。此外,本发明涉及一种计算机程序,其实施该方法的每个步骤,以及一种机器可读的存储介质,其存储该计算机程序。最后,本发明涉及一种电子控制设备,其设置用于实施该方法。
背景技术
为了满足日益严格的废气立法,有必要减少内燃机、特别是柴油马达的废气中的氮氧化物。为此已知的是在排气管线中布置SCR催化器(选择性催化还原),其在还原剂存在下将内燃机的废气中所含的氮氧化物还原成氮气。由此可以大大减少废气中的氮氧化物份额。为了反应过程需要氨,其被混入废气中。通常使用尿素水溶液(尿素水溶液;HWL),其在在排气管线中的SCR催化器之前被注入并且用作分离出氨的试剂。市场上可获得商品名为AdBlue的32.5%尿素水溶液。
关于排放保护的立法要求借助于尿素品质传感器监测所使用的HWL的品质,以便特别是识别出通过车辆驾驶员造成的可能的错误加注(Fehlbetankung)。错误加注可以例如用水或稀释的HWL进行。如果识别到这种错误加注,则警告驾驶员并最终在所谓的“诱导(Inducement)”中减少车辆的运行。在DE 10 2015 215 388 A1中描述了如何以比品质传感器的绝对测量精确度更高的精确度识别出HWL罐的内容物用水的稀释度。为此要考虑用小的时间常数滤波的传感器信号与用大的时间常数滤波的传感器信号的差异。通过混合水来快速改变尿素浓度会产生大的差异。如果在此超过了阈值,则设置一错误并导入“诱导”。
如果没有识别到错误加注,则与HWL的尿素含量无关地进行HWL到SCR催化器中的计量策略。在此情况下可以进行预控的计量或经调节的计量。在预控计量的情况下从合适的特征场中确定并且计量入当前所需的HWL量。在经调节计量的情况下用定位在SCR催化器下游的氮氧化物传感器确定SCR催化器的氮氧化物转化率或氨液位并且从合适的模型中获知计量量的适配(Adaption)。该适配相对缓慢地进行,即在数个小时的时间尺度上进行。
发明内容
在用于运行SCR催化器的方法中,首先获知还原剂溶液的浓度与额定值的偏差。还原剂溶液特别是HWL,其被储存在SCR催化器的还原剂罐中。额定值特别是相应于市场上可获得的HWL的预期浓度,即32.5%。如果要求还原剂溶液的计量量,该计量量要在SCR催化剂上游注入到排气管线中,则在该方法中根据事先获知的浓度偏差进行实际注入的计量量相对于要求的计量量的改变。
用于运行SCR催化器的常规方法仅可利用“诱导”的措施对用水或稀释的HWL且因此用还原剂溶液的浓度与额定值的负偏差进行的错误加注做出反应。然而,由此不能完全避免在其排气管线中布置了SCR催化器的车辆在使用稀释的HWL的情况下排出比立法允许更高的氮氧化物排放。相反,本发明能够实现如此程度地提高稀释的HWL的计量量,使得实际计量入的尿素量又符合要求且因此能够实现通过SCR催化器的优化的氮氧化物还原。
在该方法的一种特别简单的实施方式中这由此实现,即注入的计量量相对于要求的计量量的改变以与浓度偏差的线性相关性进行。如果偏差是负的,这表示稀释的HWL,则进行正的改变,即提高计量量。在正的偏差、即提高的HWL浓度下,则相对于所述要求减少计量量。
在该方法的另一种实施方式中,只有当偏差的数值超过阈值时才进行改变。该阈值特别是这样选择,即其相应于使用的尿素品质传感器的传感器信号的自然波动宽度。以这种方式防止了该方法由于传感器信号的自然波动而介入到计量量的调节中且这样产生额外的计量偏差。当偏差的数值超过阈值时,则在该实施方式中优选的是,注入的计量量的改变以与偏差和阈值之差的线性相关性来进行。这导致了:随着阈值被超过,计量量变化才从在达到阈值时的零值开始缓慢地进行。
因此避免了在超过阈值时该变化的突然跳跃。
错误加注通常只导致HWL的尿素浓度的减少,而不导致提高。因此过高的HWL浓度是不可信的。为此优选的是,只有当偏差为负时才进行注入的计量量的改变并且正的偏差不导致计量量改变。
偏差可以优选通过如下方式获知,即品质传感器的传感器值用作针对信号处理的输入值。信号处理具有两个滤波器,它们具有不同的时间常数。因此是一较快的滤波器和一较慢的滤波器。偏差可以从两个滤波器之间的差中获知。滤波器之间的差在此理解为通过用较快滤波器滤波所获得的传感器值和通过用较慢滤波器滤波的同一传感器值之间的差。该过程能够实现,以相比于传感器的绝对测量精确度更高的精确度识别出偏差。
两个滤波器特别是设计成PT1滤波器。这是有利的,因为PT1滤波器具有简单的且众所周知的传输行为。
此外优选的是,由两个滤波器切断(abgeschnitten)传感器原始信号的上频率和下频率,并且仅考虑为了评估所需的中间频率范围。该过程具有如下优点,减少了需处理的数据量且因此实现了较短的计算时间。
如果进行还原剂溶液的经调节计量,则在该方法中还原剂溶液的长时期平均的浓度接近当前值且动态偏差相应地消退。但同时通过氮氧化物传感器对计量量的缓慢适配变得有效。因此优选的是,较慢滤波器的时间常数根据SCR催化器的氮氧化物适配的调节速度来选择,以便通过该方法不产生不希望的计量偏差。
所述计算机程序设置用于实施该方法的每个步骤,特别是当该方法在计算设备或电子控制设备上运行时。为此,该计算机程序被存储在机器可读的存储介质上。通过将计算机程序上载到常规的电子控制设备上,获得了这样的电子控制设备,其设置用于借助于所述方法运行SCR催化器。
附图说明
在附图中示出并且在下面的说明书中详细阐述本发明的实施例。
图1 示意性示出了SCR催化器,其可借助于根据本发明的方法的实施例来运行。
图2 示出了根据本发明的方法的一实施例的流程图。
图3 以图表示出了在所述方法的一实施例中还原剂溶液的浓度偏差和注入的还原剂溶液的计量量之间的改变之间相关性。
图4 以图表示出了在根据本发明的方法的另一实施例中还原剂溶液的浓度偏差和注入的还原剂溶液的计量量的改变之间的相关性。
图5 以图表示出了在根据本发明的方法的又一实施例中还原剂溶液的浓度偏差和注入的还原剂溶液的计量量的改变之间的相关性。
具体实施方式
图1中示出了在机动车的内燃机11的排气线路10中的SCR催化器系统的计量装置,用于计量入尿素水溶液(HWL)作为还原剂溶液21。该SCR催化器系统以已知的方式用于借助于选择性催化还原(SCR)来还原内燃机11的废气中的氮氧化物。为了还原,将还原剂溶液21在SCR催化器12上游经由计量阀13注入到排气管线10中。还原剂溶液21被储存在还原剂罐14中。为了提取还原剂溶液,设置抽吸管道15,其与推送泵16连接。该推送泵将还原剂溶液21通过压力管道17导向计量阀13。第一氮氧化物传感器18在排气管线10中布置在内燃机11和计量阀13之间。第二氮氧化物传感器19在排气管线10中布置在SCR催化器12下游。品质传感器20布置在还原剂罐14中,用以测量储存在其中的还原剂溶液21的浓度。品质传感器将其传感器数据传递到电子控制设备22处,两个氮氧化物传感器18、19的数据也提供给该电子控制设备。
如图2中所示,根据本发明的方法的第一实施例随着内燃机11的启动30而开始。品质传感器20提供关于还原剂溶液21的浓度方面的传感器原始信号并且将其传递到电子控制设备22处。在那里,传感器原始信号用具有时间常数k1为例如30秒的较快滤波器32并且用具有时间常数k2为例如10小时的较慢滤波器33进行滤波。两个滤波器32、33是PT1滤波器,它们切断传感器原始信号的上频率和下频率。形成滤波后的值之差并且从该差中获知还原剂溶液21的浓度与额定值32.5%的偏差∆c。当在电子控制设备22中要求还原剂溶液21的计量量时,则进行要求的计量量的改变∆m,以便计算实际待注入的计量量。基于实际的计量量操控计量阀13。改变∆m在此基于与偏差∆c的线性相关性进行,如其在图3中所示,并且其作为特征线保存在电子控制设备22中。接下来进行较慢滤波器33的时间常数k2的适配36,该较慢滤波器然后作为传感器原始信号的进一步滤波的基础。接下来结束37该方法。
在该方法的第二实施例中,针对改变∆m与偏差∆c的相关性的特征线相应于图4中的图示。在此预先给定阈值,其在小的偏差∆c的情况下排除了该方法到计量量中的介入。只要偏差∆c的值不超过阈值,也就是说,只要负的偏差∆c不低于具有负号的阈值并且正的偏差∆c不超过具有正号的阈值,则不进行注入的计量量的改变∆m。只有在数值上仍较大的偏差∆c的情况下才设置注入的计量量的改变∆m,其中,该改变∆m的值针对负的偏差∆c以进一步降低的偏差∆c线性地升高并且针对正的偏差∆c以进一步提高的偏差∆c线性下落。
在该方法的第三实施例中,针对负的偏差∆c的特征线相应于在第二实施例中的特征线。相反,针对正的偏差∆c始终设置,不进行注入的计量量的改变∆m。这在图5中示出。

Claims (10)

1.用于运行SCR催化器(12)的方法,其中,获知(34)还原剂溶液(21)的浓度与额定值的偏差(∆c)并且根据所述偏差进行(35)注入的还原剂溶液的计量量相对于要求的计量量的改变(∆m)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述改变(∆m)以与所述偏差(∆c)的线性相关性进行。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,只有当所述偏差(∆c)的数值超过阈值时才进行所述改变。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述改变(∆m)以与所述偏差和所述阈值之间的差的线性相关性进行。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,只有当所述偏差(∆c)为负时才进行所述改变(∆m)。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,品质传感器(20)的传感器值用作针对信号处理的输入值,所述信号处理具有两个滤波器(32、33),它们具有不同的时间常数(k1、k2),并且从所述两个滤波器(32、33)之间的差中获知所述偏差(∆c)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,较慢的滤波器(33)的时间常数(k2)根据SCR催化器(12)的氮氧化物适配的调节速度来选择(36)。
8.计算机程序,其设置用于执行根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法的每个步骤。
9.机器可读的存储介质,在其上存储根据权利要求8所述的计算机程序。
10.电子控制设备(22),其设置用于借助于根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法来运行SCR催化器(12)。
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