CN110618322B - Electromagnetic cascade sensor based on two-dimensional photonic crystal - Google Patents
Electromagnetic cascade sensor based on two-dimensional photonic crystal Download PDFInfo
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010291 electrical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 3
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
- G01R29/0878—Sensors; antennas; probes; detectors
- G01R29/0885—Sensors; antennas; probes; detectors using optical probes, e.g. electro-optical, luminescent, glow discharge, or optical interferometers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic cascade sensor based on two-dimensional photonic crystals in the technical field of optical sensing, and aims to solve the technical problems that the sensitivity of an electric sensor and a magnetic sensor based on photonic crystals in the prior art needs to be further improved and mostly single parameter detection is needed. The electromagnetic cascade sensor comprises a two-dimensional photonic crystal, wherein the two-dimensional photonic crystal is provided with an input port for inputting incident light, an output port for outputting signal light, a line defect connected between the input port and the output port along a straight line, and a point defect pair for measuring the intensity of magnetic field or/and the intensity of electric field, the input port and the output port are symmetrically distributed on opposite edges of the two-dimensional photonic crystal, and the point defects in the point defect pair are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the line defect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electromagnetic cascade sensor based on two-dimensional photonic crystals, and belongs to the technical field of optical sensing.
Background
The sensor generally comprises a sensing element and a conversion element, and can sense measured information and convert the measured information into signals which are convenient to identify and transmit, such as frequency, voltage, current, wavelength, resistance and the like, so as to acquire relevant measured information.
Electric and magnetic field sensors are sensors that convert an electric field, a magnetic field, and their amount of change into a measurable signal. The defects of the traditional electromagnetic field sensor are increasingly highlighted along with the continuous improvement of measurement and protection requirements. The traditional electromagnetic detection means mainly depends on an electrical method, the electrical method has the defects of secondary short circuit, easiness in induction of surge current and the like, and a signal transmission line between a sensing element and a signal processing system is made of a metal material, so that the interference on the detected electromagnetic field environment is easy to generate, and the sensing signal is distorted; the sensor system is complex and bulky, and is difficult to accurately position the measured electromagnetic field in space. The integrated optical method and the optical waveguide have the characteristic of electromagnetic interference resistance, and gradually replace the electrical method to be applied to electromagnetic sensing, wherein the optical waveguide method integrates transmission and sensing, and has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, light weight and interference resistance.
As a novel microstructure material, the photonic crystal attracts more and more attention in the application and research of the sensing field by virtue of the advantages of compact size, flexible design, convenience in optical integration and the like. To date, a large number of photonic crystal sensors suitable for different scenarios have been proposed in succession. Based on two-dimensional photonic crystal electromagnetic single-parameter sensing, a large number of scholars are attracted to study the sensor by virtue of the advantages of high sensitivity, real-time quick response, small size, easiness in integration and the like. At present, the sensitivity of photonic crystal-based electric and magnetic sensors needs to be further improved, and most of the sensors are single parameter detection. At present, most of photonic crystal sensors are two-dimensional photonic crystal flat plates or optical fiber type, wherein although the optical fiber type two-dimensional photonic crystal sensors have high sensitivity, fluid media are often required to be filled in the optical fiber type two-dimensional photonic crystal sensors, and the cost is high due to the complex preparation process of gold-plated films in tiny air holes; although the flat-plate two-dimensional photonic crystal sensor has relatively simple preparation process and low cost, the sensitivity is relatively low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic cascade sensor based on two-dimensional photonic crystals, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the sensitivity of an electric sensor and a magnetic sensor based on photonic crystals needs to be further improved, and most of the sensors are single parameter detection.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an electromagnetism cascade sensor based on two-dimensional photonic crystal, includes two-dimensional photonic crystal, be equipped with the input port that is used for inputing the incident light on the two-dimensional photonic crystal, be used for the output port of output signal light, along the line defect of rectilinear connection between input port and output port, be used for measuring the point defect pair of magnetic field intensity or/and electric field intensity, input port and output port symmetric distribution are in two-dimensional photonic crystal's subtend edge, the point defect symmetric distribution in the point defect pair is in line defect both sides.
Further, the line defect is based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal, and is formed by removing at least one row of air holes on the two-dimensional photonic crystal along the straight line, so that the incident light forms transmitted light when propagating in the line defect along the straight line.
Further, the point defect of the point defect pair for measuring the magnetic field strength is formed on the basis of the two-dimensional photonic crystal and changes the radius of one air hole thereof, and the air hole of the point defect pair for measuring the magnetic field strength is filled with a magnetic field sensitive medium.
Further, the point defect in the point defect pair for measuring the electric field intensity is formed by adjusting the distance between adjacent air holes in the two-dimensional photonic crystal along the linear direction based on the two-dimensional photonic crystal, and the air holes of the point defect pair for measuring the electric field intensity are filled with electric field sensitive media.
Further, the input port or/and the output port is a rectangular waveguide.
Further, the two-dimensional photonic crystal takes silicon as a base material.
Further, the two-dimensional photonic crystal is a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice photonic crystal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: by introducing line defects and point defects into the photonic crystal, filling charge and magnetic sensitive media in the point defects (sensing micro-cavities), inputting incident light with specific characteristic frequency at an input port, and utilizing the local characteristics and the band gap characteristics of the photonic crystal and the electro-optic and magneto-optic effects of the charge and magnetic sensitive media, the output of signal light with different characteristic frequency spectrums is realized, and the simultaneous measurement of an electric field and a magnetic field is realized. The output spectrum structure of the two-dimensional photonic crystal electromagnetic cascade sensor can be changed by adjusting the lattice constant of the two-dimensional photonic crystal and the structural parameters of the two point defects, so that the sensor has higher detection sensitivity. The invention has high sensitivity, real-time and quick response, small size and easy integration, and can realize the simultaneous measurement of the electric field and the magnetic field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a reflection spectrum as described in the examples of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the reflection peak d under different magnetic field conditions with a fixed electric field strength in the embodiment of the present invention2A corresponding reflection spectrum;
FIG. 4 shows the reflection peak d under different magnetic field conditions with a fixed electric field strength in the embodiment of the present invention2A linear plot of wavelength versus magnetic field;
FIG. 5 shows the reflection peak under different electric field conditions with fixed magnetic field strength in the embodiment of the present inventiond1A corresponding reflection spectrum;
FIG. 6 shows the reflection peak d under different electric field conditions with fixed magnetic field strength in the embodiment of the present invention1Wavelength versus voltage.
In the figure: 1. a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice photonic crystal; 2. a line defect; 3. a first point defect pair; 4. a second point defect pair; 5. an input port; 6. and (6) an output port.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention but do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. As used in the description of the present invention, the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "up," "down" and "in" refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
The specific embodiment of the invention provides an electromagnetic cascade sensor based on two-dimensional photonic crystals, as shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the invention, wherein the electromagnetic cascade sensor is a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice photonic crystal 1, namely a photonic crystal with two-dimensional hexagonal lattice periodically arranged, and the photonic crystal takes silicon as a substrate material, so that the processing and the production cost are favorably reduced; the two-dimensional hexagonal lattice photonic crystal 1 is provided with a line defect 2, a first point defect pair 3, a second point defect pair 4, an input port 5 and an output port 6, the input port 5 and the output port 6 are symmetrically distributed on the left edge and the right edge of the two-dimensional hexagonal lattice photonic crystal 1, the line defect 2 is connected between the input port 5 and the output port 6 along the Y direction, and the first point defect pair 3 and the second point defect pair 4 are point defects symmetrically distributed on two sides of the line defect 2. Wherein, the input port 5 is a rectangular waveguide for inputting incident light; the output port 6 is also a rectangular waveguide for outputting signal light; the line defect 2 connected between the input port 5 and the output port 6 is formed by removing an array of air holes on the two-dimensional hexagonal lattice photonic crystal 1 along the Y direction based on the two-dimensional hexagonal lattice photonic crystal 1 so as to ensure that the incident light forms transmission light when propagating in the line defect 2 along the Y direction; the point defect in the first point defect pair 3 is formed by changing the radius of one air hole of the two-dimensional hexagonal lattice photonic crystal 1, and a magnetic field sensitive medium is filled in the air hole of the first point defect pair 3; the point defect in the second point defect pair 4 is formed by reducing the distance between adjacent air holes in the two-dimensional hexagonal lattice photonic crystal 1 along the Y direction based on the two-dimensional hexagonal lattice photonic crystal 1, and the air holes in the second point defect pair 4 are filled with electric field sensitive media.
When the electromagnetic cascade sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for measuring the magnetic field intensity and the electric field intensity, the measuring process is as follows: firstly, placing an electromagnetic cascade sensor in an environment with an electric field and a magnetic field intensity to be measured; then, the light output by the broadband light source is changed into linearly polarized light through a polarization controller, the linearly polarized light enters a probe of the electromagnetic cascade sensor through a single mode fiber, sequentially passes through the input port 5 and the linear defect 2, and is output through the output port 6; then, the emergent light wave output from the output port 6 is incident into the spectrometer through the multimode fiber, and two reflection peaks d can be seen from the spectrometer1、d2As shown in fig. 2 in particular; and finally, carrying out comparative analysis on the data acquired by the spectrometer by using a computer so as to obtain the electric field and the magnetic field to be measured in the environment.
The measurement principle is as follows: the change of the external electric field or magnetic field intensity can cause the refractive indexes of an electric field sensitive medium and a magnetic field sensitive medium in the electromagnetic cascade sensor to change, so that the reflection spectrum of output light is changed. By reasonably selecting the positions of the symmetrical point defects and optimizing the structural parameters of the symmetrical point defects, the cross sensitivity between the magnetic field and the electric field is eliminated, and two reflection spectrums are generated; when an external electric field or magnetic field changes, the drift of a reflection peak can be observed in a reflection spectrum, and the data collected by the spectrometer is contrasted and analyzed by using a computer, so that the simultaneous measurement of the electric field and the magnetic field is finally realized.
The data analysis method is as follows: through FDTD simulation, firstly, the electric field intensity is fixed, the magnetic field intensity is changed, the central wavelength of the reflection peak can shift along with the change of the magnetic field, as shown in fig. 3 specifically, so as to calculate the change relation of the central wavelength of the reflection peak along with the magnetic field, as shown in fig. 4 specifically, the reflection peak d is under the conditions of fixed electric field intensity and different magnetic fields in the embodiment of the invention2A linear plot of wavelength versus magnetic field; then, the magnetic field strength is fixed, the electric field strength is changed, and likewise, with the change of the electric field strength, the central wavelength of the reflection peak also generates a certain shift, as shown in fig. 5 specifically, so as to calculate the change relation of the central wavelength of the reflection peak with the electric field strength, as shown in fig. 6 specifically, the reflection peak d under the conditions of fixed magnetic field strength and different electric fields in the embodiment of the present invention1A linear plot of wavelength versus voltage; and then, establishing a corresponding data model according to the change relation between the central wavelength of the reflection peak and the electric field and magnetic field intensity. In fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, the transmission spectrum of the first frequency band of the TE mode is shown, and it can be seen from the figure that, at the normalized frequency of 0.217a/λ -0.317 a/λ, the TE polarized light can be transmitted in the two-dimensional hexagonal lattice photonic crystal 1 without divergence along the horizontal direction, where a is the distance between the hole centers of two adjacent air holes in the two-dimensional hexagonal lattice photonic crystal 1, and λ is the wavelength of the TE polarized light.
During actual measurement, a reflection spectrogram as shown in fig. 2 is obtained, so that the central wavelength of a reflection peak can be obtained, and the central wavelength is substituted into a data model, so that the magnitude of the electric field and the magnetic field intensity corresponding to the current measurement environment can be calculated.
According to the electromagnetic cascade sensor based on the two-dimensional photonic crystal, the line defect and the point defect are introduced into the photonic crystal, the point defect (sensing microcavity) is filled with the charge and magnetic sensitive medium, the input port inputs the incident light with the specific characteristic frequency, and the local characteristic, the band gap characteristic and the electro-optic and magneto-optic effects of the charge and magnetic sensitive medium of the photonic crystal are utilized, so that the output of signal light with different characteristic frequency spectrums is realized, and the simultaneous measurement of an electric field and a magnetic field is realized. The output spectrum structure of the two-dimensional photonic crystal electromagnetic cascade sensor can be changed by adjusting the lattice constant of the two-dimensional photonic crystal and the structural parameters of the two point defects, so that the sensor has higher detection sensitivity. The electromagnetic cascade sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of high sensitivity, real-time and quick response, small size and easiness in integration, and can realize simultaneous measurement of an electric field and a magnetic field.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The electromagnetic cascade sensor based on the two-dimensional photonic crystal is characterized by comprising the two-dimensional photonic crystal, wherein the two-dimensional photonic crystal is provided with an input port (5) for inputting incident light, an output port (6) for outputting signal light, a line defect (2) connected between the input port (5) and the output port (6) along a straight line, and a point defect pair for measuring the magnetic field intensity or/and the electric field intensity, the input port (5) and the output port (6) are symmetrically distributed at the opposite edges of the two-dimensional photonic crystal, and the point defects in the point defect pair are symmetrically distributed at two sides of the line defect (2);
the point defect in the point defect pair for measuring the magnetic field intensity is formed by changing the radius of one air hole of the two-dimensional photonic crystal based on the two-dimensional photonic crystal, and a magnetic field sensitive medium is filled in the air hole of the point defect pair for measuring the magnetic field intensity;
the point defect in the point defect pair for measuring the electric field intensity is formed by adjusting the distance between adjacent air holes in the two-dimensional photonic crystal along the linear direction based on the two-dimensional photonic crystal, and the air holes of the point defect pair for measuring the electric field intensity are filled with electric field sensitive media.
2. The two-dimensional photonic crystal based electromagnetic cascade sensor according to claim 1, wherein the line defect (2) is based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal and is formed by removing at least one row of air holes in the two-dimensional photonic crystal along the line, such that the incident light forms transmitted light when propagating in the line defect (2) along the line.
3. The two-dimensional photonic crystal based electromagnetic cascade sensor of claim 1, wherein the input port (5) or/and the output port (6) is a rectangular waveguide.
4. A two-dimensional photonic crystal based electromagnetic cascade sensor as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the two-dimensional photonic crystal is based on silicon.
5. A two-dimensional photonic crystal based electromagnetic cascade sensor according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the two-dimensional photonic crystal is a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice photonic crystal (1).
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| CN104075754B (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2016-06-22 | 东北大学 | Magnetic field and the temperature simultaneously measuring method of photon crystal micro cavity is filled based on magnetic fluid |
| CN105022004B (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2017-12-05 | 华南师范大学 | Waveguide magnetic field/current sensor and its device based on surface phasmon |
| CN108693489A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-10-23 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of magnetic field temperature dual sampling device based on photonic crystal |
| CN109884558B (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2021-07-20 | 江苏大学 | A Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Photonic Crystal Flat Microcavity |
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