CN110601619B - Hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system - Google Patents

Abstract

A hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system belongs to the technical field of motors and power electronics. The problems that an existing flywheel pulse generator set is long in shaft system of the whole generator set and low in power density and reliability of the system are solved. The invention mainly comprises an input inverter, an input motor, an excitation inverter, an excitation generator, an excitation rectifier, a mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator and an output rectifier. The invention can be used as a large-capacity pulse power supply and is applied to the fields of nuclear fusion test technology, plasma, electromagnetic emission technology and the like.

Description

Hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of electric motors and power electronics.

Background technique

The flywheel pulse generator is a flywheel energy storage device that utilizes the large inertia of the shaft system to store energy and realizes electromechanical energy conversion by coaxial motor/generator. There are two types of flywheel energy storage devices currently in use or under development: the first is that the power level of energy storage and energy release is equivalent, and one motor can be used to alternately realize electric and power generation functions. Small and medium-capacity magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage systems The first type has the characteristics of compact structure and high efficiency, and is generally used as a flywheel battery; the second type is that the energy storage power is more than an order of magnitude smaller than the energy release power, and the electric and power generation functions are realized by two motors respectively. For this type, it stores energy with low power for a long time, and releases energy with high power and short time. It is generally used as a large-capacity pulse power supply and can be used in controlled nuclear fusion experiments, nuclear explosion simulation, high-current particle beam accelerators, high Power pulse laser, high power microwave, plasma and electromagnetic emission technology and other fields.

The structure of the commonly used flywheel pulse generator system is shown in Figure 1. The basic working principle of the system is: when the system is charged, the external power grid provides energy to the system, and the power converter composed of power electronic devices controls and drives the motor, drives the flywheel to rotate at a high speed, and achieves and maintains a constant high-speed operation. way to store the required energy, complete the conversion from electrical energy to mechanical energy and energy storage. When the pulse load needs power supply, the high-speed rotating flywheel is used as the prime mover to drive the motor to generate electricity, and the power electronic converter outputs the voltage and current suitable for the pulse load to complete the energy conversion process.

The traditional pulse generator set usually adopts the structural form of "motor-flywheel-generator". The drive motor usually adopts a three-phase induction motor, while the pulse engine usually adopts a multi-phase hidden-pole synchronous generator. The motor and the generator rotate coaxially, and the inertial flywheel is installed on the generator shaft. The flywheel and the generator are connected by a rigid coupling, the motor and the flywheel are connected by a flexible connection, and the unit has multiple bearings to support the rotor.

However, the flywheel pulse generator set has the following shortcomings: the shaft system of the whole set is long, the rotation speed is low, the power density of the system is low, the energy density is low, and the volume and weight are large; the rotor of the pulse generator has an excitation winding, which adopts a multi-stage rotating rectifier. Excitation, the system has low reliability and high cost, and is not suitable for use in mobile platforms. Therefore, the above problems need to be solved urgently.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the problems of the existing flywheel pulse generator set, the shaft length of the whole set, the power density and reliability of the system are low, and the invention provides the following hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator systems.

The first structure:

Hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system, including input inverter, input motor/generator, excitation inverter, excitation generator, excitation rectifier, hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator, output rectifier, input rectifier;

The input motor/generator is realized by permanent magnet synchronous motor, and its stator is wound with a set of output power windings;

A set of output power windings is arranged on the stator of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator;

The input terminal of the input inverter is connected to the power grid, the AC output terminal of the input inverter is connected to the power input terminal of the input motor/generator, and the lead wire of the output power winding of the input motor/generator is connected to the input terminal of the input rectifier. The output end of the rectifier is connected with the input end of the excitation inverter;

The output end of the excitation inverter is connected to the stator winding lead wire of the excitation generator, the rotor winding lead wire of the excitation generator is connected to the AC input end of the excitation rectifier, and the DC output end of the excitation rectifier is connected to the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator. The rotor excitation winding input end is connected, the output end of the output power winding of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator is connected with the AC input end of the output rectifier, and the DC output from the output rectifier is used to supply power to the pulse load;

The rotor of the input motor/generator is in turn coaxially connected with the rotor of the excitation generator and the rotor of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator.

The second structure:

Hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system, including input inverter, input motor, excitation inverter, excitation generator, excitation rectifier, hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator, output rectifier and inertia flywheel;

A set of output power windings is arranged on the stator of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator;

The input end of the input inverter is connected to the power grid, and the output end of the input inverter is connected with the lead wire of the output power winding of the input motor;

The input end of the excitation inverter is connected to the power grid, the output end of the excitation inverter is connected with the lead wire of the stator winding of the excitation generator, and the lead wire of the rotor winding of the excitation generator is connected with the AC input end of the excitation rectifier. The output end is connected to the input end of the rotor excitation winding of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator, the output end of the output power winding of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator is connected to the AC input end of the output rectifier, and the DC output from the output rectifier is used for pulse loads. to supply electricity;

The rotor of the input motor is in turn coaxially connected with the rotor of the excitation generator and the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator.

The third structure:

Hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system, including input inverter, input motor/generator, input rectifier, excitation inverter, excitation generator, hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator, excitation rectifier and output rectifier;

A set of output power windings is wound on the stator of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator;

The input motor/generator is realized by permanent magnet synchronous motor or induction motor, and there are two sets of windings on the stator of the input motor/generator, which are the input power winding and the output power winding respectively;

The input end of the input inverter is connected to the power grid, the output end of the input inverter is connected to the lead wire of the input power winding of the input motor/generator, and the lead wire of the output power winding of the input motor/generator is connected to the AC input end of the input rectifier connected, the DC output terminal of the input rectifier is connected to the input terminal of the excitation inverter;

The output end of the excitation inverter is connected to the stator winding lead wire of the excitation generator, the rotor winding lead wire of the excitation generator is connected to the AC input end of the excitation rectifier, and the DC output end of the excitation rectifier is connected to the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator. The rotor excitation winding input end is connected, the output end of the output power winding of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator is connected with the AC input end of the output rectifier, and the DC output from the output rectifier is used to supply power to the pulse load;

The rotor of the input motor/generator is in turn coaxially connected with the rotor of the excitation generator and the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator.

Fourth structure:

Hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system, including input inverter, excitation inverter, excitation generator, excitation rectifier, output rectifier, hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator and inertia flywheel;

There are two sets of windings on the stator of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator, which are the input power winding and the output power winding;

The input end of the input inverter is connected to the power grid, and the output end of the input inverter is connected to the lead wire of the input power winding of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator;

The input end of the excitation inverter is connected to the power grid, the output end of the excitation inverter is connected with the lead wire of the stator winding of the excitation generator, and the lead wire of the rotor winding of the excitation generator is connected with the AC input end of the excitation rectifier. The output end is connected with the rotor excitation winding input end of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator;

The lead wire of the output power winding of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator is connected to the AC input end of the output rectifier, and the DC power output by the output rectifier is used to supply power to the pulse load;

The rotor of the excitation generator is coaxially connected with the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator.

Preferably, in the generator system of one of the above four generator systems, the first preferred structure of the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator is: the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator includes a rotor core, an excitation winding, Exciting permanent magnet;

The rotor core includes main pole teeth and a yoke core, and the main pole teeth are evenly arranged on the outer surface of the yoke core along the circumferential direction;

An excitation coil is wound around each main pole tooth, and all excitation coils are connected in series to form an excitation winding;

Along the circumferential direction, an excitation permanent magnet is embedded between two adjacent main pole teeth, and the excitation permanent magnet is magnetized tangentially; along the circumferential direction, the magnetization directions of two adjacent excitation permanent magnets are opposite.

In the first preferred structure of the rotor of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator, further, the excitation permanent magnet is a long strip structure.

Preferably, in the generator system of one of the above four generator systems, the second preferred structure of the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator is: the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator includes a rotor core, an excitation winding, Exciting permanent magnet;

The rotor core includes main pole teeth and a yoke core, and the main pole teeth are evenly arranged on the outer surface of the yoke core along the circumferential direction;

On the pole shoe of each main pole tooth, there are n axial holes along the axial direction, and the n axial holes on each main pole tooth are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction, and n is a positive integer;

There is a magnetic bridge between two adjacent axial holes, the circumferential width of each magnetic bridge is greater than or equal to 1mm, and an excitation permanent magnet is embedded in each axial hole, and the excitation permanent magnet is magnetized radially or in parallel. , the magnetization direction of the excitation permanent magnets on each main pole tooth is the same, and the magnetization directions of the excitation permanent magnets on the adjacent main pole teeth are opposite.

In the second preferred structure of the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator, further, the radial section of the axial hole is a trapezoid, a sector or a rectangle.

The hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system described in one of the above four generator system structures further includes an inertia flywheel, the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator is coaxially connected to the inertia flywheel, and the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator is connected. It is located between the rotor of the excitation generator and the inertial flywheel.

The beneficial effect brought by the present invention is that the present invention relates to a hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system. The generator uses a direct current to control the air-gap magnetic field, and the electromagnetic structure of the hybrid excitation of the electric excitation and the permanent magnet. Additional air gap, so that the excitation power is small and the system efficiency is high; the air gap magnetic field adjustment of the invention is simple, and the adjustment range is large, so that the system can output a wider voltage adjustment capability or a wide-range variable speed constant voltage output capability, and make it strong overload capability ; And the rotor has no brushes and slip rings, so that the rotor has a simple structure, high strength and high reliability, suitable for high-speed operation, high power density, high energy storage density, and the motor is small under the same power and energy storage indicators.

When the rotor inertia of all motors in the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system is large enough, the inertia flywheel can be omitted, the shaft system of the unit is further shortened, and the power density and energy density of the motor system are further improved. The flywheel and the rotor can also be combined into one, which can realize the integration of electric/power generation.

As a flywheel energy storage system, the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system of the present invention has the characteristics of low excitation power, high efficiency, low voltage regulation rate, strong overload capacity and high reliability, and can be used as a large-capacity pulse power supply. Fusion test technology, plasma and electromagnetic emission technology and other fields have good application prospects.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional flywheel pulse generator system in the prior art;

2 is a schematic diagram of the electrical principle of the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system described in Embodiment 1;

Fig. 3 is the mechanical transmission relation diagram of the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system described in Embodiment 1;

4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system described in Embodiment 2;

4a is a schematic diagram of the electrical principle of the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system described in Embodiment 2;

Fig. 4b is the mechanical transmission relation diagram of the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system described in Embodiment 2;

5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system described in Embodiment 3;

5a is a schematic diagram of the electrical principle of the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system described in Embodiment 3;

Fig. 5b is the mechanical transmission relation diagram of the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system described in Embodiment 3;

6 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system described in Embodiment 4;

6a is a schematic diagram of the electrical principle of the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system described in Embodiment 4;

Fig. 6b is the mechanical transmission relation diagram of the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system described in Embodiment 4;

Fig. 7 is the first structure schematic diagram of the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other under the condition of no conflict.

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but it is not intended to limit the present invention.

Example 1:

Referring to FIG. 2 to describe the first embodiment, the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system described in the first embodiment includes an input inverter 1, an input motor/generator 2, an excitation inverter 3, an excitation generator 4, Excitation rectifier 5, hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6, output rectifier 7, input rectifier 8;

The input motor/generator 2 is realized by a permanent magnet synchronous motor, and a set of output power windings is wound around its stator;

A set of output power windings is arranged on the stator of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6;

The input terminal of the input inverter 1 is connected to the power grid, the AC output terminal of the input inverter 1 is connected to the power input terminal of the input motor/generator 2, and the lead wire of the output power winding of the input motor/generator 2 is connected to the input rectifier 8 The input ends are connected, and the output end of the input rectifier 8 is connected with the input end of the excitation inverter 3;

The output end of the excitation inverter 3 is connected to the lead wire of the stator winding of the excitation generator 4, the lead wire of the rotor winding of the excitation generator 4 is connected to the AC input end of the excitation rectifier 5, and the DC output end of the excitation rectifier 5 is connected to the hybrid excitation The rotor excitation winding input end of the phase synchronous generator 6 is connected, and the output power winding output end of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 is connected with the AC input end of the output rectifier 7, and the DC output of the output rectifier 7 is used to supply power to the pulse load;

The rotor of the input motor/generator 2 is coaxially connected to the rotor of the excitation generator 4 and the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 in sequence. In this embodiment 1, the power grid can be an AC power grid or a DC power grid. When the power grid is an AC power grid, the input inverter 1 is an inverter with a rectification function, and the inverter with a rectification function rectifies and rectifies the received AC power. After inversion, the input motor/generator 2 is powered by the electric energy output from its AC output terminal; when the power grid is a DC power grid, the input inverter 1 directly converts the received DC power into AC power, and inputs the inverter 1 through it. The power output from the AC output terminal supplies power to the input motor/generator 2 .

The working principle is as follows: the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system of the present invention is used as a flywheel energy storage system, and the power supply end of the input motor/generator 2 is connected to the power grid. First, in the electric phase, the input motor/generator 2 is used as a motor. , to accelerate the excitation generator 4 and the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 coaxially connected to it. When the speed of the system reaches the rated speed, the input motor/generator 2 cuts off the electrical connection with the power grid, and the input motor/generator 2 is used as a generator, and the system enters the power generation stage. At this time, the excitation generator 4 is used as the exciter working, the exciter rotor winding current passes through the excitation rectifier 5 into the rotor excitation winding of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6, which realizes the excitation of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6. In the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 stator The induced electromotive force is generated in the output power winding on the rectifier, and the current can be supplied to the load after being connected to the rectifier.

In the prior art, multi-stage excitation generators are generally used to excite the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6, and most of them use three stages. A part of the excitation is equivalent to playing the role of an excitation generator, and there is also an excitation generator in the synchronous generator system, which provides excitation power to the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6, so that this embodiment 1 is compared with the existing In the technology, the three-stage excitation power supply can omit one excitation generator, and the invention reduces the number of exciters, from multi-stage to single-stage, and shortens the length of the shaft system of the unit. Thereby improving the power density and high energy density.

The hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator 6 generator of the present invention adopts the electromagnetic structure of DC current to control the air gap magnetic field, electric excitation and permanent magnet hybrid excitation, and there is no additional air gap in the electric excitation magnetic flux path, so that the excitation power is small and the system The efficiency is high; the air-gap magnetic field of the invention is simple to adjust and has a large adjustment range, so that the system can output a wider voltage adjustment capability or a wide-range variable speed constant voltage output capability.

Example 2:

Referring to FIG. 4a, the second embodiment is described. The hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system described in the second embodiment includes an input inverter 1, an input motor 2, an excitation inverter 3, an excitation generator 4, and an excitation rectifier 5. , Hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6, output rectifier 7 and inertia flywheel;

A set of output power windings is arranged on the stator of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6;

The input end of the input inverter 1 is connected to the power grid, and the output end of the input inverter 1 is connected to the lead wire of the output power winding of the input motor 2;

The input end of the excitation inverter 3 is connected to the power grid, the output end of the excitation inverter 3 is connected to the stator winding lead wire of the excitation generator 4, and the rotor winding lead wire of the excitation generator 4 is connected to the AC input end of the excitation rectifier 5 , the DC output end of the excitation rectifier 5 is connected with the rotor excitation winding input end of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6, the output power winding output end of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 is connected with the AC input end of the output rectifier 7, and the output The DC output from the rectifier 7 is used to supply power to the pulse load;

The rotor of the input motor 2 is coaxially connected to the rotor of the excitation generator 4 and the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 in sequence.

The working principle is as follows: the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system of the present invention is used as a flywheel energy storage system, the input end of the excitation generator 4 is connected to the grid, and the grid provides excitation power to the excitation generator 4, so that the excitation generator 4 generates excitation. Magnetic field, on the other hand, the power grid also provides starting power for the operation of the input motor 2. During the specific working process of the system, the power supply end of the input motor/generator 2 is connected to the power grid. First, in the electric phase, the input motor/generator 2 is used as The electric motor is used to accelerate the excitation generator 4 and the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 coaxially connected thereto. When the system speed reaches the rated speed, the input motor/generator 2 cuts off the electrical connection with the power grid, and the system enters the power generation stage. At this time, the excitation generator 4 works as an exciter, and the stator winding of the exciter is fed with three-phase current. , the high-speed rotating excitation generator 4 cuts the air-gap magnetic field, and generates an induced electromotive force in the exciter rotor winding, thereby generating an induced current. In order to excite the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6, an induced electromotive force is generated in the output power winding on the stator of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6, and the current can be supplied to the load after connecting to the rectifier.

In the prior art, a three-stage excitation generator is usually used to excite the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 to supply power. However, in the second embodiment, since the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator The permanent magnet of the excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 can provide a part of the excitation, which is equivalent to playing the role of an excitation generator and reduces the excitation power. The synchronous generator 6 performs excitation power supply, so that one excitation generator can be omitted compared with the three-stage excitation power supply in the present embodiment 1. The present invention reduces the number of exciters, from multi-stage to single-stage, and shortens the shaft of the unit. Line length. Thereby improving the power density and high energy density.

The hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator 6 generator of the present invention adopts the electromagnetic structure of DC current to control the air gap magnetic field, electric excitation and permanent magnet hybrid excitation, and there is no additional air gap in the electric excitation magnetic flux path, so that the excitation power is small and the system The efficiency is high; the air-gap magnetic field of the invention is simple to adjust and has a large adjustment range, so that the system can output a wider voltage adjustment capability or a wide-range variable speed constant voltage output capability.

Example 3:

Referring to FIG. 5a, the third embodiment is described. The hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system described in the third embodiment includes an input inverter 1, an input motor/generator 2, an input rectifier 3, an excitation inverter 4, an excitation Generator 5, hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6, excitation rectifier 7 and output rectifier 8;

A set of output power windings is wound around the stator of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6;

The input motor/generator 2 is realized by a permanent magnet synchronous motor, and two sets of windings are arranged on the stator, which are the input power winding and the output power winding respectively;

The input end of the input inverter 1 is connected to the power grid, the output end of the input inverter 1 is connected to the lead wire of the input power winding of the input motor/generator 2, and the lead wire of the output power winding of the input motor/generator 2 is connected to the input rectifier The AC input end of 3 is connected, and the DC output end of the input rectifier 3 is connected with the input end of the excitation inverter 4;

The output end of the excitation inverter 4 is connected to the lead wire of the stator winding of the excitation generator 5, the lead wire of the rotor winding of the excitation generator 5 is connected to the AC input end of the excitation rectifier 7, and the DC output end of the excitation rectifier 7 is connected to the hybrid excitation The rotor excitation winding input end of the phase synchronous generator 6 is connected, and the output power winding output end of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 is connected with the AC input end of the output rectifier 8, and the DC output of the output rectifier 8 is used to supply power to the pulse load;

The rotor of the input motor/generator 2 is coaxially connected to the rotor of the excitation generator 5 and the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 in sequence.

The working principle is as follows: the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system of the present invention is used as a flywheel energy storage system, and the power supply end of the input motor/generator 2 is connected to the power grid to provide starting power for the operation of the input motor/generator 2. In the motoring stage, the input motor/generator 2 is used as a motor to accelerate the excitation generator 5 and the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 coaxially connected thereto. When the system speed reaches the rated speed, the input motor/generator 2 cuts off the electrical connection with the power grid, the input motor/generator 2 is used as a generator, and the input motor/generator 2 is used as a motor to provide electrical energy to the excitation generator 5 , the system enters the power generation stage. At this time, the excitation generator 5 works as an exciter, and the rotor winding current of the exciter passes through the excitation rectifier 4 into the rotor excitation winding of the hybrid excitation multi-phase synchronous generator 6, which realizes the synchronization of the hybrid excitation multi-phase. The excitation of the generator 6 generates induced electromotive force in the output power winding on the stator of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6, which can provide current to the load after connecting to the rectifier.

In this embodiment 3, as in Embodiments 1 and 2, the multi-stage excitation is changed to a single-stage excitation, the structure of the whole system is simple, the length of the shaft system of the unit is shortened, and the power density and energy density are improved.

The hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator 6 generator of the present invention adopts the electromagnetic structure of DC current to control the air gap magnetic field, electric excitation and permanent magnet hybrid excitation, and there is no additional air gap in the electric excitation magnetic flux path, so that the excitation power is small and the system The efficiency is high; the air-gap magnetic field of the invention is simple to adjust and has a large adjustment range, so that the system can output a wider voltage adjustment capability or a wide-range variable speed constant voltage output capability.

Example 4:

Referring to FIG. 6 a , the fourth embodiment is described. The hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system described in the fourth embodiment includes an input inverter 1 , an excitation inverter 2 , an excitation generator 3 , an excitation rectifier 4 , and an output rectifier 5 , Hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 and inertia flywheel;

The stator of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 is provided with two sets of windings, which are the input power winding and the output power winding respectively;

The input end of the input inverter 1 is connected to the power grid, and the output end of the input inverter 1 is connected to the lead wire of the input power winding of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6;

The input end of the excitation inverter 2 is connected to the power grid, the output end of the excitation inverter 2 is connected to the lead wire of the stator winding of the excitation generator 3, and the lead wire of the rotor winding of the excitation generator 3 is connected to the AC input end of the excitation rectifier 4 , the DC output end of the excitation rectifier 4 is connected to the input end of the rotor excitation winding of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6;

The lead wire of the output power winding of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 is connected to the AC input end of the output rectifier 5, and the DC power output by the output rectifier 5 is used to supply power to the pulse load;

The rotor of the excitation generator 3 is coaxially connected to the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 .

The working principle is as follows: the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system of the present invention is used as a flywheel energy storage system, and the power supply terminals of the hybrid excitation multi-phase synchronous generator 6 and the excitation generator 3 are connected to the power grid. The input inverter 1 is connected to the input power winding of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 to accelerate the excitation generator 3 coaxially connected to the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 . When the system speed reaches the rated speed, the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 cuts off the electrical connection with the power grid, the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 is used as a generator, and the system enters the power generation stage. At this time, the excitation generator 3. Working as an exciter, the rotor winding current of the exciter is passed through the excitation rectifier 4 into the rotor excitation winding of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6, which realizes the excitation of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6. The induced electromotive force is generated in the output power winding on the stator of the generator 6, and the current can be supplied to the load after being connected to the rectifier.

In the fourth embodiment, the stator of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 is provided with two sets of windings, the input motor is removed, and one motor is omitted, so that the entire shaft system of the generator set is shortened.

The hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator 6 generator of the present invention adopts the electromagnetic structure of DC current to control the air gap magnetic field, electric excitation and permanent magnet hybrid excitation, and there is no additional air gap in the electric excitation magnetic flux path, so that the excitation power is small and the system The efficiency is high; the air-gap magnetic field of the invention is simple to adjust and has a large adjustment range, so that the system can output a wider voltage adjustment capability or a wide-range variable speed constant voltage output capability.

(1) The present invention also provides two specific structures of the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6: wherein,

Referring to FIG. 7 , the first structure applicable to the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 described in one of Embodiments 1 to 4 is further described. In this preferred embodiment,

The rotor of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator 6 includes a rotor core 6-1, an excitation winding 6-2, and an excitation permanent magnet 6-3;

The rotor core 6-1 includes main pole teeth 6-1-1 and a yoke core 6-1-2, and the main pole teeth are evenly arranged on the outer surface of the yoke core 6-1-2 along the circumferential direction;

An excitation coil is wound around each main pole tooth 6-1-1, and all excitation coils are connected in series to form an excitation winding 6-2;

Along the circumferential direction, an excitation permanent magnet 6-3 is embedded between two adjacent main pole teeth 6-1-1, and the excitation permanent magnet 6-3 is magnetized tangentially; along the circumferential direction, two adjacent excitation permanent magnets The magnetization directions of the magnets 6-3 are opposite.

Further, a preferred embodiment of the excitation permanent magnet 6-3 is that the excitation permanent magnet 6-3 is a long strip structure.

In this preferred embodiment, the rotor has no brushes and slip rings, the rotor has a simple structure, high strength and high reliability, suitable for high-speed operation and convenient maintenance; there is no additional air gap in the electric excitation magnetic flux path, the excitation power is small, and the system efficiency is high ; Air-gap magnetic field adjustment is simple, the adjustment range is large, the excitation power is small, and it has a wide voltage adjustment capability or a wide range of variable speed constant voltage output capability.

Referring to FIG. 8, the second structure applicable to the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 described in one of Embodiments 1 to 4 is further described. In this preferred embodiment,

The rotor of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator 6 includes a rotor core 6-1, an excitation winding 6-2, and an excitation permanent magnet 6-3;

The rotor core 6-1 includes main pole teeth 6-1-1 and a yoke core 6-1-2, and the main pole teeth 6-1-1 are evenly arranged on the outer surface of the yoke core 6-1-2 along the circumferential direction;

On the pole piece of each main pole tooth 6-1-1, there are n axial holes along the axial direction, and the n axial holes on each main pole tooth 6-1-1 are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction, n is a positive integer;

Between two adjacent axial holes is a magnetic bridge, the circumferential width of each magnetic bridge is greater than or equal to 1mm, and an excitation permanent magnet 6-3 is embedded in each axial hole, and the excitation permanent magnet 6-3 radial direction Magnetization or parallel magnetization, the magnetization direction of the excitation permanent magnet 6-3 on each main pole tooth 6-1-1 is the same, and the magnetization of the excitation permanent magnet 6-3 on the adjacent main pole tooth 6-1-1 In the opposite direction.

Further, a preferred embodiment of the exciting permanent magnet 6-3 is that the radial cross-section of the axial hole is trapezoidal, fan-shaped or rectangular.

In this preferred embodiment, the rotor has no brushes and slip rings, the rotor has a simple structure, high strength and high reliability, suitable for high-speed operation and convenient maintenance; there is no additional air gap in the electric excitation magnetic flux path, the excitation power is small, and the system efficiency is high ; Air-gap magnetic field adjustment is simple, the adjustment range is large, the excitation power is small, and it has a wide voltage adjustment capability or a wide range of variable speed constant voltage output capability.

Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 4b, Fig. 5b, and Fig. 6b, a preferred embodiment of the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system described in one of the embodiments 1 to 4 is described. The preferred embodiment is that the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse The synchronous generator system may further include an inertia flywheel, the rotor of the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 is coaxially connected to the inertia flywheel, and the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 is located between the excitation generator rotor and the inertia flywheel.

In this preferred embodiment, when the rotor inertia of all motors in the hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system is sufficiently large, the inertia flywheel can be omitted. As a result, the flywheel and the rotor are combined into one, the shaft system of the unit is further shortened, and the power density and energy density of the motor system are high.

In the present invention, the inertial flywheel only needs to be coaxially connected to the entire unit transmission system, but as in the above preferred embodiment, it is most preferable that the hybrid excitation polyphase synchronous generator 6 is located between the excitation generator rotor and the inertial flywheel.

The energy required by the system of the present invention in the discharge stage:

W ₁ =Pt,

Among them, W ₁ is the energy required in the power generation stage of the system, P is the discharge power of the system, and t is the power generation time of the system.

During the power generation stage of the system, the released energy W ₂ is:

Among them, J is the moment of inertia of the rotor of the motor, ω _max is the corresponding angular velocity at the maximum speed in the system power generation stage, and ω _min is the corresponding angular velocity at the minimum speed in the system power generation stage.

The moment of inertia J _r of the system rotor is:

where m _r is the mass of the motor rotor, and D ₂ is the outer diameter of the rotor.

The role of the flywheel in the system is to use the kinetic energy stored in the flywheel to rotate with a large inertia to provide energy for the power generation stage of the system. Since the rotor itself has a moment of inertia, when W ₂ >W ₁ , the moment of inertia of the motor rotor in the system meets the requirements of the power generation stage of the system, and the integrated design of the flywheel and the rotor can be realized. In this case, no additional flywheel needs to be designed.

Although the invention has been described herein with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the invention. It should therefore be understood that many modifications may be made to the exemplary embodiments, and other arrangements may be devised, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the features described in the various dependent claims and herein may be combined in different ways than are described in the original claims. It will also be appreciated that features described in connection with a single embodiment may be used in other described embodiments.

Claims (9)

1. The hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system is characterized by comprising an input inverter (1), an input motor/generator (2), an excitation inverter (3), an excitation generator (4), an excitation rectifier (5), a hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6), an output rectifier (7) and an input rectifier (8);

the input motor/generator (2) is realized by adopting a permanent magnet synchronous motor, and a set of output power windings are wound on a stator of the input motor/generator;

a set of output power windings are arranged on a stator of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6);

the input end of the input inverter (1) is connected with a power grid, the alternating current output end of the input inverter (1) is connected with the power input end of the input motor/generator (2), the outgoing line of the output power winding of the input motor/generator (2) is connected with the input end of the input rectifier (8), and the output end of the input rectifier (8) is connected with the input end of the excitation inverter (3);

the output end of the excitation inverter (3) is connected with a stator winding outgoing line of the excitation generator (4), a rotor winding outgoing line of the excitation generator (4) is connected with an alternating current input end of an excitation rectifier (5), a direct current output end of the excitation rectifier (5) is connected with a rotor excitation winding input end of a mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6), an output power winding output end of the mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) is connected with an alternating current input end of an output rectifier (7), and direct current output by the output rectifier (7) is used for supplying power to a pulse load;

the rotor of the input motor/generator (2) is coaxially connected with the rotor of the excitation generator (4) and the rotor of the mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) in sequence;

when the flywheel pulse synchronous generator system is used as a flywheel energy storage system, a power supply end of an input motor/generator (2) is connected to a power grid, firstly, in an electric stage, the input motor/generator (2) is used as a motor, and an excitation generator (4) and a mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) which are coaxially connected with the input motor/generator are accelerated; when the system rotating speed reaches the rated rotating speed, the input motor/generator (2) cuts off the electrical connection relation with the power grid, the input motor/generator (2) is used as a generator, the system enters a power generation stage, at the moment, the excitation generator (4) works as an exciter, the current of a rotor winding of the exciter passes through an excitation rectifier (5) and then is introduced into a rotor excitation winding of a mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6), the mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) is excited, induced electromotive force is generated in an output power winding on a stator of the mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6), and the current is provided for a load after being connected with an output rectifier (7).

2. The hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system is characterized by comprising an input inverter (1), an input motor (2), an excitation inverter (3), an excitation generator (4), an excitation rectifier (5), a hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6), an output rectifier (7) and an inertia flywheel;

a set of output power windings are arranged on a stator of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6);

the input end of the input inverter (1) is connected to a power grid, and the output end of the input inverter (1) is connected with an outgoing line of an output power winding of the input motor (2);

the input end of an excitation inverter (3) is connected with a power grid, the output end of the excitation inverter (3) is connected with a stator winding outgoing line of an excitation generator (4), a rotor winding outgoing line of the excitation generator (4) is connected with an alternating current input end of an excitation rectifier (5), a direct current output end of the excitation rectifier (5) is connected with a rotor excitation winding input end of a mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6), an output power winding output end of the mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) is connected with an alternating current input end of an output rectifier (7), and direct current output by the output rectifier (7) is used for supplying power to a pulse load;

the rotor of the input motor (2) is sequentially coaxially connected with the rotor of the excitation generator (4) and the rotor of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6);

the flywheel pulse synchronous generator system is used as a flywheel energy storage system, when the flywheel pulse synchronous generator system is applied, the input end of an excitation generator (4) is connected with a power grid, the power grid provides excitation electric energy for the excitation generator (4) to enable the excitation generator (4) to generate an excitation magnetic field, on the other hand, the power grid also provides starting electric energy for the operation of an input motor (2), in the specific working process of the system, the power supply end of the input motor/generator (2) is connected with the power grid, firstly, in the electric stage, the input motor/generator (2) is used as a motor to enable the excitation generator (4) and a mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) which are coaxially connected with the input motor/; when the rotating speed of the system reaches the rated rotating speed, the input motor/generator (2) cuts off the electrical connection relation with the power grid, the system enters a power generation stage, at the moment, the exciter generator (4) works as an exciter, three-phase current is introduced into a stator winding of the exciter, the exciter generator (4) rotating at high speed cuts an air gap magnetic field, induced electromotive force is generated in a rotor winding of the exciter, induction current is further generated, the excitation current is directly introduced into a rotor excitation winding of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator through an excitation rectifier (5), excitation of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) is realized, the induced electromotive force is generated in an output power winding on a stator of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6), and current is provided for a load after the output rectifier (7) is connected.

3. The hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system is characterized by comprising an input inverter (1), an input motor/generator (2), an input rectifier (3), an excitation inverter (4), an excitation generator (5), a hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6), an excitation rectifier (7) and an output rectifier (8);

a set of output power windings are wound on a stator of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6);

the input motor/generator (2) is realized by adopting a permanent magnet synchronous motor or an induction motor, and two sets of windings, namely an input power winding and an output power winding, are arranged on a stator of the input motor/generator (2);

the input end of the input inverter (1) is connected with a power grid, the output end of the input inverter (1) is connected with an outgoing line of an input power winding of the input motor/generator (2), an outgoing line of an output power winding of the input motor/generator (2) is connected with an alternating current input end of the input rectifier (3), and a direct current output end of the input rectifier (3) is connected with the input end of the excitation inverter (4);

the output end of the excitation inverter (4) is connected with a stator winding outgoing line of the excitation generator (5), a rotor winding outgoing line of the excitation generator (5) is connected with an alternating current input end of an excitation rectifier (7), a direct current output end of the excitation rectifier (7) is connected with a rotor excitation winding input end of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6), an output power winding output end of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) is connected with an alternating current input end of an output rectifier (8), and direct current output by the output rectifier (8) is used for supplying power to a pulse load;

the rotor of the input motor/generator (2) is coaxially connected with the rotor of the excitation generator (5) and the rotor of the mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) in sequence;

when the flywheel pulse synchronous generator system is used as a flywheel energy storage system, a power supply end of an input motor/generator (2) is connected to a power grid to provide starting electric energy for the operation of the input motor/generator (2), firstly, in an electric stage, the input motor/generator (2) is used as a motor to accelerate an excitation generator (5) and a mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) which are coaxially connected with the input motor/generator; when the system rotating speed reaches the rated rotating speed, the input motor/generator (2) cuts off the electrical connection relation with the power grid, the input motor/generator (2) is used as a generator, the input motor/generator (2) is used as a motor to provide electric energy for the excitation generator (5), the system enters a power generation stage, at the moment, the excitation generator (5) works as an exciter, the rotor winding electricity of the exciter flows through the excitation rectifier (4) and then is led into the rotor excitation winding of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6), the excitation of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) is realized, induced electromotive force is generated in an output power winding on the stator of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6), and the output rectifier (8) is connected to provide current for a load.

4. The hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system is characterized by comprising an input inverter (1), an excitation inverter (2), an excitation generator (3), an excitation rectifier (4), an output rectifier (5), a hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) and an inertia flywheel;

the stator of the mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) is provided with two sets of windings, namely an input power winding and an output power winding;

the input end of the input inverter (1) is connected to a power grid, and the output end of the input inverter (1) is connected with an outgoing line of an input power winding of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6);

the input end of the excitation inverter (2) is connected with a power grid, the output end of the excitation inverter (2) is connected with a stator winding outgoing line of the excitation generator (3), a rotor winding outgoing line of the excitation generator (3) is connected with the alternating current input end of the excitation rectifier (4), and the direct current output end of the excitation rectifier (4) is connected with the rotor excitation winding input end of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6);

an outgoing line of an output power winding of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) is connected with an alternating current input end of an output rectifier (5), and direct current output by the output rectifier (5) is used for supplying power to a pulse load;

the rotor of the excitation generator (3) is coaxially connected with the rotor of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6);

when the pulse synchronous generator system is used as a flywheel energy storage system, the power supply ends of a mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) and an excitation generator (3) are both connected to a power grid, firstly, in the electric stage, the input inverter (1) is connected with an input power winding of the mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6), so that the excitation generator (3) coaxially connected with the mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) is accelerated; when the system rotating speed reaches the rated rotating speed, the mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) is cut off from the electric connection relation with a power grid, the mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) is used as a generator, the system enters a power generation stage, at the moment, the excitation generator (3) works as an exciter, the current of a rotor winding of the exciter flows through an excitation rectifier (4) and then is led into a rotor excitation winding of the mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6), the mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) is excited, induced electromotive force is generated in an output power winding on a stator of the mixed excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6), and the current is provided for a load after the output rectifier (5) is connected.

5. The hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the rotor of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) comprises a rotor core (6-1), an excitation winding (6-2), and an excitation permanent magnet (6-3);

the rotor core (6-1) comprises main pole teeth (6-1-1) and a yoke core (6-1-2), and the main pole teeth are uniformly arranged on the outer surface of the yoke core (6-1-2) along the circumferential direction;

an excitation coil is wound on each main pole tooth (6-1-1), and all the excitation coils are connected in series to form an excitation winding (6-2);

along the circumferential direction, an excitation permanent magnet (6-3) is embedded between two adjacent main pole teeth (6-1-1), and the excitation permanent magnet (6-3) is magnetized tangentially; and along the circumferential direction, the magnetizing directions of two adjacent excitation permanent magnets (6-3) are opposite.

6. The hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the excitation permanent magnets (6-3) are of elongated configuration.

7. The hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the rotor of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) comprises a rotor core (6-1), an excitation winding (6-2), and an excitation permanent magnet (6-3);

the rotor core (6-1) comprises main pole teeth (6-1-1) and a yoke core (6-1-2), and the main pole teeth (6-1-1) are uniformly arranged on the outer surface of the yoke core (6-1-2) along the circumferential direction;

n axial holes are formed in the pole shoe of each main pole tooth (6-1-1) along the axial direction, the n axial holes in each main pole tooth (6-1-1) are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction, and n is a positive integer;

a magnetic bridge is arranged between every two adjacent axial holes, the circumferential width of each magnetic bridge is larger than or equal to 1mm, an excitation permanent magnet (6-3) is embedded in each axial hole, the excitation permanent magnets (6-3) are magnetized in a radial direction or in a parallel direction, the magnetization directions of the excitation permanent magnets (6-3) on each main pole tooth (6-1-1) are the same, and the magnetization directions of the excitation permanent magnets (6-3) on the adjacent main pole teeth (6-1-1) are opposite.

8. The hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system of claim 7 wherein the radial cross-section of the axial bore is trapezoidal, scalloped or rectangular.

9. The hybrid excitation flywheel pulse synchronous generator system according to one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an inertia flywheel, wherein the rotor of the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) is coaxially connected with the inertia flywheel, and the hybrid excitation multiphase synchronous generator (6) is located between the rotor of the excitation generator and the inertia flywheel.

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