CN110595598B - Monitoring and early warning method of slope boulder stability based on Doppler remote laser vibration measurement technology - Google Patents
Monitoring and early warning method of slope boulder stability based on Doppler remote laser vibration measurement technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
基于多普勒远程激光测振技术的边坡孤石稳定性监测预警方法，包括以下步骤：配置边坡孤石多普勒远程激光测振系统；多普勒远程激光测振系统包括激光测速传感器，激光测速传感器通过数据线连接至振动速度信号解调器，振动速度信号解调器通过数据线连接至滤波器，滤波器通过数据线连接至数据分析处理器；通过多普勒远程激光测振系统得到的边坡孤石竖直方向固有振动频率、粒子轨迹、振动速度三个指标；设置边坡孤石竖直方向固有振动频率、粒子轨迹、振动速度三个指标预警值；对边坡孤石竖直方向固有振动频率、粒子轨迹、振动速度三个参数与设置的预警值对比，超过预警值进行系统预警。该监测方法基于边坡孤石动力特征参数对边坡孤石进行监测预警。
The method for monitoring and early warning of the stability of slope boulders based on Doppler remote laser vibration measurement technology includes the following steps: configuring a Doppler remote laser vibration measurement system for slope boulders; the Doppler remote laser vibration measurement system includes a laser speed sensor , the laser speed measurement sensor is connected to the vibration speed signal demodulator through the data line, the vibration speed signal demodulator is connected to the filter through the data line, and the filter is connected to the data analysis processor through the data line; through the Doppler remote laser vibration measurement Three indicators of natural vibration frequency, particle trajectory, and vibration speed in the vertical direction of the slope boulder obtained by the system; set the three indicators of the natural vibration frequency, particle trajectory, and vibration speed in the vertical direction of the slope boulder. The three parameters of the natural vibration frequency, particle trajectory, and vibration speed in the vertical direction of the stone are compared with the set early warning value, and the system will give early warning if the early warning value is exceeded. The monitoring method is based on the dynamic characteristic parameters of slope boulders for monitoring and early warning of slope boulders.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of highway, railway and hydroelectric engineering, and particularly relates to a stability monitoring and early warning method applied to a side slope boulder, in particular to a monitoring and early warning method for judging the stable state of the side slope boulder according to the change condition of dynamic characteristic parameters of the side slope boulder.
Background
At present, various methods for monitoring and early warning the stability of the boulder slope at home and abroad exist, but the method for monitoring and early warning the stability of the boulder slope based on the Doppler remote laser vibration measurement technology is not reported.
Along with the development of highways, railways and hydroelectric engineering, high and steep slopes are more and more, and the life and property loss event caused by instability of the high and steep slope boulder is frequently reported at home and abroad, so that the safety of engineering operation and maintenance is seriously threatened.
The slope boulder stability monitoring and early warning method mainly comprises a stress strain monitoring and early warning method, a displacement monitoring and early warning method, a vibration monitoring and early warning method, a group measurement group defense method and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Sudden collapse damage without obvious displacement frequently occurs to the side slope solitary stones, so that the displacement monitoring method is often failed; the stress-strain monitoring method is assisted by environmental quantity monitoring, can judge the current stress-strain expansion situation of the current actual structure and analyze the change trend of the current stress-strain expansion situation, and lacks the analysis of the internal anti-slip index of the structure after the disturbance of the slope boulder or after the engineering reinforcement, so that the stress-strain of the actual monitoring cannot be scientifically early-warned and forecasted; the vibration monitoring method has hysteresis after the slope boulder is damaged; the group testing and group defense method depends on the judgment of personnel experience and lacks reliability.
The invention aims to provide a side slope boulder stability monitoring and early warning method based on a Doppler remote laser vibration measurement technology. The monitoring method monitors and warns the slope boulder based on the dynamic characteristic parameters of the slope boulder, has the advantages of high precision of signal acquisition, remote non-contact monitoring and forewarning, no need of an additional excitation source, power supply of equipment by a lithium battery, portability and strong applicability.
The object of the invention is achieved in the following way:
a slope boulder stability monitoring and early warning method based on a Doppler remote laser vibration measurement technology comprises the following steps:
a slope boulder Doppler remote laser vibration measurement system is configured; the Doppler remote laser vibration measurement system comprises a laser speed measurement sensor, a vibration speed signal demodulator, a filter and a data analysis processor, wherein the laser speed measurement sensor is connected to the vibration speed signal demodulator through a data line, the vibration speed signal demodulator is connected to the filter through a data line, and the filter is connected to the data analysis processor through a data line;
the laser speed measurement sensor emits laser to irradiate the flat surface part of the slope boulder, the laser collected by the laser speed measurement sensor carries out Doppler frequency shift analysis on the reflected laser to obtain a three-way vibration speed signal of the slope boulder, the laser speed measurement sensor transmits the three-way vibration speed to the filter through the vibration speed signal demodulator to filter noise, the filter transmits information after the noise is filtered to the data analysis processor, and the data analysis processor takes the natural vibration frequency, particle track and vibration speed in the vertical direction of the slope boulder obtained through analysis as reference values;
setting early warning values of the inherent vibration frequency, the particle track and the vibration speed of the slope boulder in the vertical direction;
and fourthly, comparing three parameters of the natural vibration frequency, the particle track and the vibration speed of the slope boulder in the vertical direction with the set early warning value, and performing system early warning when the parameters exceed the early warning value.
The method for monitoring and early warning the stability of the slope boulder based on the Doppler remote laser vibration measurement technology comprises the following steps of setting early warning values of the slope boulder in the vertical direction, including natural vibration frequency, particle track and vibration speed: and determining a vibration frequency early warning value according to theoretical analysis, and determining a particle track early warning value and an amplitude early warning value according to indoor and outdoor test results.
According to the method for monitoring and early warning the stability of the side slope boulder based on the Doppler remote laser vibration measurement technology, the method for analyzing the early warning value of the natural vibration frequency of the side slope boulder in the vertical direction comprises the following steps:
method for calculating early warning value of natural vibration frequency of slope boulder in vertical direction
d＝4Mπ2f2/E (4)
F, the safety coefficient of the slope boulder in the vertical direction is free of dimension;
d, burying depth of the slope boulder, (m);
f, the natural vibration frequency (HZ) of the slope boulder in the vertical direction;
e-slope soil elastic modulus (kN/m)2)；
Pa-slope monument embedding partial active earth pressure, (kN);
Ppside slope boulder embedded part passive soilPressure, (kN);
w-side slope boulder weight, (kN);
theta-slope, degree;
gamma-slope soil volume weight, (kN/m)3)；
c-side slope soil mass cohesive force, (kN/m)2)；
a, side length of a slope boulder trend (m);
b-side length of slope boulder inclination, (m);
m-quality of slope boulder (kg)
And (3) setting the safety factor F in the formula (1) as 1, and obtaining the natural vibration frequency of the boulder in the vertical direction when the safety factor is 1 through simultaneous formulas (1) to (4), and setting the frequency as the boulder early warning value.
According to the slope boulder stability monitoring and early warning method based on the Doppler remote laser vibration measurement technology, the maximum particle track early warning value is obtained, and according to indoor and outdoor experiment results, the maximum particle track of the boulder is generally smaller than 0.09mm under the condition of normal micromotion, so that 0.09mm is used as the maximum particle track early warning value.
According to the slope boulder stability monitoring and early warning method based on the Doppler remote laser vibration measurement technology, the maximum vibration speed alarm value is generally less than 0.8m/s under the condition of normal micromotion according to the indoor and outdoor experiment results, and therefore 0.8m/s is used as the maximum vibration speed early warning value.
In the method for monitoring and early warning of the stability of the slope boulder based on the Doppler remote laser vibration measurement technology, the vibration speed signal demodulator is a modem for processing a vibration speed signal, the vibration speed signal is demodulated into speed-time, acceleration-time and displacement-time signals, and the vibration speed signal demodulator can transmit the speed-time, acceleration-time and displacement-time signals to the filter.
According to the slope boulder stability monitoring and early warning method based on the Doppler remote laser vibration measurement technology, in the step I, a filter carries out high-pass and low-pass filtering on a signal transmitted by a vibration speed signal demodulator to remove noise, and the filtered signal is transmitted to a data analysis processor.
According to the slope boulder stability monitoring and early warning method based on the Doppler remote laser vibration measurement technology, in the step I, a data analysis processor displays a received signal in real time, analyzes the acquired data through a built-in program to analyze the vertical inherent vibration frequency, particle track and vibration speed parameters, and provides a USB interface to copy the data or serve as a printer interface.
According to the slope boulder stability monitoring and early warning method based on the Doppler remote laser vibration measurement technology, the data analysis processor is further connected with an alarm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
the method collects vibration data of the side slope boulder, analyzes parameters such as vibration frequency, particle track and vibration speed of the side slope boulder after filtering the data, repeatedly collects the vibration data of the side slope boulder and analyzes parameters such as the vibration frequency, the particle track and the vibration speed of the side slope boulder, and analyzes the stability of the side slope boulder according to the variation trend of the parameters such as the vibration frequency, the particle track and the vibration speed. And simultaneously, three parameters of the natural vibration frequency, the particle track and the vibration speed of the slope boulder in the vertical direction are compared with the set early warning value, and the system early warning is carried out when the parameters exceed the early warning value.
The invention has the following advantages: and the laser vibration measurement is adopted, so that the signal precision is high. Optical signals can realize remote non-contact monitoring.
The vibration is measured by micro-motion without an additional excitation source. The lithium battery is adopted for power supply, the size is small, and the equipment is portable. The data analysis processor can display, process, output and print the data. The invention has high signal acquisition frequency (25KHZ), high signal acquisition precision (<0.5 mu m/s/V/Hz), long measurement distance (>300m), can acquire vibration signals in three directions, does not need additional excitation sources, has small volume, is portable, is remote and non-contact, and can be widely applied to slope solitary stone stability monitoring and early warning on natural or artificial slopes such as hydropower stations, roads, railways and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the structural principle of an embodiment of the vibration signal acquisition and processing system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a vibration wave spectrum diagram obtained when the method is applied to monitoring the stability of the slope boulder.
FIG. 4 is a graph 2 of a stable boulder vibration wave spectrum obtained when the method is applied to slope boulder stability monitoring.
FIG. 5 is a graph 1 of unstable boulder vibration wave spectrum obtained when the method is applied to slope boulder stability monitoring.
FIG. 6 is a graph 2 of unstable boulder vibration wave-front obtained when the method is applied to slope boulder stability monitoring.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-3, a method for monitoring and early warning the stability of boulders on a slope based on a doppler remote laser vibration measurement technology comprises the following steps:
a slope boulder Doppler remote laser vibration measurement system is configured; the Doppler remote laser vibration measurement system comprises a laser speed measurement sensor 1, a vibration speed signal demodulator 2, a filter 3 and a data analysis processor 4, wherein the laser speed measurement sensor is connected to the vibration speed signal demodulator through a data line 5, the vibration speed signal demodulator is connected to the filter through the data line 5, and the filter is connected to the data analysis processor through the data line 5;
the laser speed measurement sensor emits laser to irradiate the smooth surface part of the slope boulder, the laser collected by the laser speed measurement sensor carries out Doppler frequency shift analysis on the reflected laser to obtain x, y and z three-way vibration speed signals of the slope boulder, the laser speed measurement sensor transmits the three-way vibration speed to the filter through the vibration speed signal demodulator to filter noise, the filter transmits information after filtering the noise to the data analysis processor, and the data analysis processor takes the inherent vibration frequency, particle track and vibration speed of the slope boulder in the vertical direction obtained through analysis as reference values;
setting early warning values of the inherent vibration frequency, the particle track and the vibration speed of the slope boulder in the vertical direction;
and fourthly, comparing three parameters of the natural vibration frequency, the particle track and the vibration speed of the slope boulder in the vertical direction with the set early warning value, and performing system early warning when the parameters exceed the early warning value.
The method for setting the early warning values of the inherent vibration frequency, the particle track and the vibration speed of the slope boulder in the vertical direction comprises the following steps: and determining a vibration frequency early warning value according to theoretical analysis, and determining a particle track early warning value and an amplitude early warning value according to indoor and outdoor test results.
The method for analyzing the early warning value of the natural vibration frequency of the slope boulder in the vertical direction comprises the following steps:
method for calculating early warning value of natural vibration frequency of slope boulder in vertical direction
d＝4Mπ2f2/E (4)
F, the safety coefficient of the slope boulder in the vertical direction is free of dimension;
d, burying depth of the slope boulder, (m);
f, the natural vibration frequency (HZ) of the slope boulder in the vertical direction;
e-slope soil elastic modulus (kN/m)2)；
Pa-slope monument embedding partial active earth pressure, (kN);
Pp-slope monument embedding partial passive earth pressure, (kN);
w-side slope boulder weight, (kN);
theta-slope, degree;
gamma-slope soil volume weight, (kN/m)3)；
c-side slope soil mass cohesive force, (kN/m)2)；
a, side length of a slope boulder trend (m);
b-side length of slope boulder inclination, (m);
m-quality of slope boulder (kg)
And (3) setting the safety factor F in the formula (1) as 1, and obtaining the natural vibration frequency of the boulder in the vertical direction when the safety factor is 1 through simultaneous formulas (1) to (4), and setting the frequency as the boulder early warning value.
The maximum particle track early warning value analysis method is as follows, according to indoor and outdoor experiment results, the maximum particle track of the boulder is generally smaller than 0.09mm under the condition of normal micromotion, and therefore 0.09mm is used as the maximum particle track early warning value.
According to the indoor and outdoor experimental results, the maximum vibration speed of the boulder is generally less than 0.8m/s under the condition of constant micromotion, and therefore 0.8m/s is used as the maximum vibration speed early warning value.
In the invention, the vibration speed signal demodulator is a modem for processing vibration speed signals, and demodulates the vibration speed signals into speed-time, acceleration-time and displacement-time signals, and the vibration speed signal demodulator can transmit the speed-time, acceleration-time and displacement-time signals to the filter; in the first step, the filter carries out high-pass and low-pass filtering on the signal transmitted by the vibration speed signal demodulator to remove noise, and transmits the filtered signal to the data analysis processor; the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a data analysis processor displays a received signal in real time, analyzes the acquired data through a built-in program to obtain the natural vibration frequency, the particle track and the vibration speed parameter in the vertical direction, and provides a USB interface to copy the data or uses the data as a printer interface.
Preferably, the data analysis processor is further connected with an alarm, three parameters of the natural vibration frequency, the particle track and the vibration speed of the slope boulder in the vertical direction are compared with the set early warning value, and when the three parameters exceed the early warning value, the system early warning is carried out and the alarm is given out at the same time.
The vibration signal acquisition and processing system body can be a commercially available product; the support can be further arranged, the installation and the use are convenient, the anti-interference performance is high, and the three-direction vibration speed is recorded simultaneously.
Preferably, the laser speed measuring sensor is a multi-channel signal collector and can convert and collect vibration data signals in one direction, two directions or three directions. Preferably, the vibration velocity signal demodulator described above may demodulate the vibration data signal into a velocity-time signal, an acceleration-time, a displacement-time signal, and the like, and the vibration velocity signal demodulator may transmit the time-domain signal to the filter.
Preferably, the filter may filter the time domain signal to remove noise, and may transmit the filtered time domain signal to the data analysis processor.
Preferably, the data analysis processor can display the received time domain signal in real time, analyze the collected data through a built-in program for natural vibration frequency, particle track and vibration speed parameters in the vertical direction, and provide a USB interface to copy the data or serve as a printer interface.
In the embodiment, the y inherent vibration frequency 79.581HZ of the boulder in the vertical direction is measured for the first time, the maximum value of the particle track is close to 0.05mm, and the maximum vibration speed is close to 0.66 m/s; and (3) carrying out second measurement after the boulder is disturbed and damaged, and measuring the inherent vibration frequency 54.656HZ of the boulder in the vertical direction for the second time under the same excitation, wherein the maximum value of the particle track is close to 0.1mm, and the maximum vibration speed is close to 1.23 m/s. According to the monitoring data, the natural vibration frequency of the boulder in the vertical direction is reduced, the particle track is increased, and the vibration speed is increased after the boulder is disturbed and damaged.
The early warning value of the natural vibration frequency of the boulder in the vertical direction set by the system is 56.0HZ, the early warning value of the maximum particle track is 0.5mm, and the maximum vibration speed is close to 1.0 m/s. And comparing the early warning value with the parameter measured for the second time, and sending out an early warning by the Doppler remote laser vibration measurement system when the parameter measured for the second time exceeds the set early warning value.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the overall concept of the present invention, and these should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
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