CN110591311A - 一种生物降解型塑料薄膜及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种生物降解型塑料薄膜制备方法，其包含的组成及其重量百分比为：PBS(聚丁二酸丁二醇酯)5‑30％；PLA(聚乳酸)5‑50％；(PHA)聚3‑羟基烷酸酯0‑20％；无机粉0‑50％；增塑剂1‑10％；增容剂1‑5％。本发明制备方法简单、灵活；制得材料可使用吹塑加工工艺成型；可制成各种规格的生物降解型塑料薄膜；该材料成本低，性能优良，发展空间广阔；能回收再利用，废弃后可生物降解，满足环保需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种塑料薄膜及制备方法，尤其涉及一种生物降解型塑料薄膜及制备方法
背景技术
目前，塑料薄膜因其质量轻、强度高、化学性能稳定及廉价等优点而在许多领域广泛发展，单由于用过的塑料薄膜尚没有妥善的处理方式，大多是作为固体废料处理掉，对自然环境的污染越来越严重，对我们的生活造成严重危害。因此，研究制定减量化、再资源化及实施利用可再生资源的石油资源补充和替代战略，确保塑料工业可持续发展，已成为一股不可抗拒的潮流。同时，由于塑料废弃物在环境中较难自然降解，特别是一次性塑料薄膜废弃物轻、量大、分散、脏乱，很难收集，由此造成的环境污染日趋严重，从而遭到各国环保部门和公众的责难，给发展中的塑料工业无疑带来了严峻的挑战。
随着国民经济的发展，我国已步入世界塑料打过的行列。2017年塑料制品总产量已达8000多万吨，位居世界第二。据国家统计局最新数据显示，每年产生的废弃塑料量为600万吨左右。由于塑料有耐腐蚀，不易分解的特性，对环境造成潜在的危害，已成为社会各界关注的环境问题。目前，许多国家都在研究降解塑料产品，有的已经替代现有的塑料产品。国内也有一些高校，研究所在研发物降解塑料薄膜和生物降解注塑产品，但开发和生产添加合适的无机粉体填充生物降解吹塑原料制造价廉物美的塑料薄膜，在国内尚无先例。本发明生物降解型产品，采用PBS、PLA、PHA三种全降解塑料按合适比例共混，并添加合适的无机粉体填充，生产生物降解注塑原料制造生物降解型塑料薄膜，经国内文献检索，未发现有相同内容的文献报道。
发明内容
本发明针对一次性塑料薄膜废弃物量大、分散、脏乱，很难收集，由此造成的环境污染，提供一种生物降解型塑料薄膜及制备方法，制备方法简单，产品成本较低，符合高标准环保需求。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
本发明生物降解型塑料薄膜包含的组成及其重量百分比为：PBS(聚丁二酸丁二醇酯)5-30％；PLA(聚乳酸)5-50％；(PHA)聚3-羟基烷酸酯0-20％；无机粉0-50％；增塑剂1-10％；增容剂1-5％。
所述的无机粉为碳酸钙、滑石粉的一种或它们的混合物。
所述的增塑剂为乙二醇、甘油、木糖醇、山梨醇、麦芽糖醇、多元醇的一种或它们的混合物。
所述的增容改性剂为包含性基团的乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯丙烯酸乙酯、马来酸酐接枝乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物的一种。
本发明生物降解型塑料薄膜的制备方法，按上述重量百分比讲PBS、PLA、PHA、无机粉、增塑剂、增容剂的混合物在高速混合机搅拌10-20min使混合均匀，而后在吹膜机上吹塑成薄膜，吹膜温度控制在150-235℃。
本发明具有以下的实质性特点和显著进步：1、通过对原料以及调整原料的配比可使生物降解塑料薄膜性能在宽范围得到调控，满足产品的不同规格需求。2、本发明用常规加工工艺吹塑成型，制备方法简单、灵活，加工成型性能好。3、本发明大量使用无机粉为填充物可以得到价格低廉的制品。4、本发明因原料来源广泛，投资少，具有良好的社会效益。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
将重量百分比为：5％PBS；40％PLA；10％PHA；42％无机粉；2％增塑剂；1％增容剂。在高速混合机搅拌15min使混合均匀，而后在吹膜机上吹塑成薄膜，吹膜温度控制一区210℃，二区200℃，三区190℃，四区180℃，五区170℃。
实施例2
将重量百分比为：15％PBS；35％PLA；10％PHA；37％无机粉；1％增塑剂；2％增容剂。在高速混合机搅拌10min使混合均匀，而后在吹膜机上吹塑成薄膜，吹膜温度控制在一区215℃，二区205℃；三区195℃，四区185℃，五区175℃。
实施例3
将重量百分比为：20％PBS；25％PLA；10％PHA；40％无机粉；4％增塑剂；1％增容剂。在高速混合机搅拌20min使混合均匀，而后在吹膜机上吹塑成薄膜，吹膜温度控制在一区220℃，二区210℃；三区200℃，四区180℃，五区170℃。
实施例4
将重量百分比为：5％PBS；30％PLA；50％无机粉；10％增塑剂；5％增容剂。在高速混合机搅拌20min使混合均匀，而后在吹膜机上吹塑成薄膜，吹膜温度控制在一区230℃，二区220℃；三区210℃，四区180℃，五区175℃。
实施例5
将重量百分比为：30％PBS；49％PLA；20％PHA；增塑剂2％；1％增容剂。在高速混合机搅拌10min使混合均匀，而后在吹膜机上吹塑成薄膜，吹膜温度控制在一区190℃，二区170℃；三区150℃，四区180℃，五区175℃。
实施例6
将重量百分比为：5％PBS；50％PLA；20％PHA；22％无机粉；2％增塑剂；1％增容剂。在高速混合机搅拌10min使混合均匀，而后在吹膜机上吹塑成薄膜，吹膜温度控制在一区200℃，二区190℃；三区180℃四区180℃，五区175℃。，
实施例7
将重量百分比为：30％PBS；5％PLA；20％PHA；42％无机粉；2％增塑剂；1％增容剂。在高速混合机搅拌20min使混合均匀，而后在吹膜机上吹塑成薄膜，吹膜温度控制在一区200℃，二区190℃；三区180℃，四区180℃，五区175℃。
实施例8
将重量百分比为：20％PBS；12％PLA；5％PHA；50％无机粉；8％增塑剂；5％增容剂。在高速混合机搅拌20min使混合均匀，而后在吹膜机上吹塑成薄膜，吹膜温度控制在一区235℃，二区225℃；三区215℃，四区190℃，五区180℃。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变形，这些改进和变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种生物降解型塑料薄膜，其特征在于：包含的组成及其重量百分比为：PBS(聚丁二酸丁二醇酯)5-30％；PLA(聚乳酸)5-50％；(PHA)聚3-羟基烷酸酯0-20％；无机粉0-50％；增塑剂1-10％；增容剂1-5％。
2.一种权利要求1所述的生物降解型塑料薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于：按上述重量百分比讲PBS(聚丁二酸丁二醇酯)、PLA(聚乳酸)、(PHA)聚3-羟基烷酸酯、无机粉、增塑剂、增容剂的混合物在高速混合机搅拌而后在吹膜机上吹塑成薄膜，吹膜温度控制在150-235℃。
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