CN110590886B - 修饰核苷、核苷酸和核酸聚合物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
修饰核苷、核苷酸和核酸聚合物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110590886B CN110590886B CN201910914759.3A CN201910914759A CN110590886B CN 110590886 B CN110590886 B CN 110590886B CN 201910914759 A CN201910914759 A CN 201910914759A CN 110590886 B CN110590886 B CN 110590886B
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- 108020004707 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000002773 nucleotide Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 150000003833 nucleoside derivatives Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004404 heteroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000005025 alkynylaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- RWQNBRDOKXIBIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N thymine Chemical compound CC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O RWQNBRDOKXIBIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cytosine Chemical compound NC=1C=CNC(=O)N=1 OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940113082 thymine Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical group Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940104302 cytosine Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002103 4,4'-dimethoxytriphenylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)(C1=C([H])C([H])=C(OC([H])([H])[H])C([H])=C1[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C(OC([H])([H])[H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uracil Chemical compound O=C1C=CNC(=O)N1 ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanine Chemical compound O=C1NC(N)=NC2=C1N=CN2 UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940039227 diagnostic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000032 diagnostic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 hydroxy, mercapto, amino, carboxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003402 intramolecular cyclocondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- FIYYMXYOBLWYQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ortho-iodylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1I(=O)=O FIYYMXYOBLWYQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930024421 Adenine Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910004664 Cerium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical group Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005547 deoxyribonucleotide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002637 deoxyribonucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- NKLCNNUWBJBICK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dess–martin periodinane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2I(OC(=O)C)(OC(C)=O)(OC(C)=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 NKLCNNUWBJBICK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- BDGDWWGTAFXEEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfinylmethane;oxalyl dichloride Chemical compound CS(C)=O.ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O BDGDWWGTAFXEEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002336 ribonucleotide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002652 ribonucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002477 rna polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- BYGOPQKDHGXNCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripotassium;iron(3+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] BYGOPQKDHGXNCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940035893 uracil Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002183 isoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims 1
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 125000003835 nucleoside group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 8
- 102000053642 Catalytic RNA Human genes 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 108091092562 ribozyme Proteins 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 20
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 18
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 16
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
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- SIOVKLKJSOKLIF-HJWRWDBZSA-N trimethylsilyl (1z)-n-trimethylsilylethanimidate Chemical group C[Si](C)(C)OC(/C)=N\[Si](C)(C)C SIOVKLKJSOKLIF-HJWRWDBZSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及核苷酸化学修饰、核酸药物领域,具体而言,涉及修饰核苷、核苷酸和核酸聚合物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
与传统的小分子和蛋白药物相比,核酸药物具有设计快速、靶点普遍、特异性高、可在细胞内发挥作用,以及合成和制备相对快速等优点,可突破蛋白靶点难以成药的重大疾病的治疗,特别是在应对特殊病例和新突发传染病等应急研发时,核酸药物的快速设计与制备能力具有独特价值。
然而,要作为有效的治疗药物,天然寡核苷酸分子还存在诸多必需克服的问题,诸如:(1)体内稳定性差,天然的磷酸二酯键的寡核苷酸在体内极易被血液和细胞中广泛存在的各种核酶快速降解;(2)与靶基因结合亲和力和特异性低,易发生“脱靶”效应(‘off-target’effects),产生免疫刺激和毒副作用,特别是肝毒性;(3)生物利用度低,寡核苷酸通常为多价阴离子大分子,因此,难以进入靶器官和组织,且不易透过亲脂性的细胞膜进入细胞内。
核酸化学修饰是发展核酸药物的关键性技术和瓶颈。针对上述问题,自从1970s以来,通过对磷酸骨架、糖基、碱基进行修饰,许多成功的寡核苷酸结构修饰策略得以发展,如硫代磷酸酯、2’位修饰的2’-OMe、2’-OMOE、2’-F以及Morpholino、PNA等,大幅提高了寡核苷酸对核酸酶耐受性、对靶基因的亲和力和特异性,降低免疫刺激和毒副作用,推动着核酸药物的发展。
然而,当前已批准的核酸药物均集中在罕见病领域,在重大疾病方面仍期待进一步突破,核酸药物ADME-Tox等成药性问题依然突出,高效低毒的新型修饰结构的需求十分迫切,特别是针对第二代反义核酸药物gapmer,研发具有高度核酸酶耐受性和靶RNA亲和力的C6’取代LNA是新一代核酸化学修饰重要发展方向,具有重要的理论和现实意义。
有鉴于此,特提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供修饰核苷,所述修饰核苷在桥环C6’位引入了腈基,改善其用于核酸药物时的核酶耐受性。
同时,本发明在上述修饰核苷的基础上,还进一步提供了修饰核苷酸及核酸聚合物,它们具有良好的核酶耐受性,对靶RNA具有高度选择性和较强结合亲和力,有利于减少“脱靶效应”。
本发明还提供了上述核酸聚合物在制备核酸诊断剂和/或核酸治疗剂中的应用。
为了实现本发明的上述目的,特采用以下技术方案:
修饰核苷,其选自具有如式(I)所示结构的化合物、其盐或其异构体:
其中,R1选自取代或未取代的碱基或其盐;X代表O或S;
R2选自氢,或者R2选自取代或未取代的:C1~C6烷基、C1~C6杂烷基、C2~C6烯基、C2~C6炔基、芳基或杂芳基;所述C1~C6杂烷基或所述杂芳基的杂原子选自O、S、N、P或Si;
R3和R4独立地选自氢,或者R3和R4独立地选自取代或未取代的:C1~C6烷基、C1~C6杂烷基;
W1和W2独立地选自H或保护基团。
可选地,所述保护基团可以选自本领域常规的羟基保护基团,如苄基(Bn)、4,4’-二甲氧基三苯甲基(DMTr)、硅保护基(如,叔丁基二苯基硅烷等)等。
本发明提供的修饰核苷,通过在桥环C6’位引入腈基(-CN)而对核苷酸进行修饰,获得新型结构的修饰核苷,能够有效增强其对核酸酶的耐受性。
在6’位引入极性基团CN后,能够进一步增加核苷结构中亚甲基桥的位阻,有利于获得更高的核酸酶耐受性;极性基团CN的水合作用更强,可进一步改善反义活性和组织分布,提供更多的结构,扩大修饰的优化空间;极性基团CN的引入将大大改善RNaseH酶对靶RNA切割特异性;同时,缩短反义gapmer序列长度,大幅提高对靶RNA结合特异性,从而大幅降低反义核酸的脱靶效应,降低肝毒性。
可选地,所述R1选自取代或未取代的:嘌呤、嘧啶或它们各自的盐。
可选地,所述R1选自取代或未取代的:腺嘌呤(A)、鸟嘌呤(G)、胸腺嘧啶(T)、胞嘧啶(C)、尿嘧啶(U)或它们各自的盐。
可选地,当所述R1选自被取代的胞嘧啶时,所述R1为5’-烷基取代的胞嘧啶。
可选地,所述R1为5’-甲基取代的胞嘧啶(5’-mC)。
可选地,当R1、R2、R3和R4被取代时,取代基可以独立地选自卤素、烷基、杂烷基、烯基、炔基、羟基、巯基、氨基、酰胺、羰基、羧基、磺酸基、酯基,等等。
可选地,所述R2为氢。
可选地,所述R3和R4独立地选自氢。
在上述任一核苷的基础上,本发明还提供了核苷酸,所述核苷酸包括上述任一修饰核苷的3’-亚磷酰胺衍生物或其盐。
可选地,所述核苷酸选自具有如式(II)所示结构的化合物、其盐或其异构体:
可选地,所述式(II)中W2为4,4’-二甲氧基三苯甲基(DMTr)。
使用标准合成方法,将上述核苷酸嵌入寡核苷酸序列中,能够得到修饰的寡核苷酸。
作为一种实施方式,通过自动合成仪,运用标准亚磷酰胺法将上述核苷酸嵌入寡核苷酸序列中,获得修饰的寡核苷酸。
根据本发明的另一方面,还提供了核酸聚合物。
所述核酸聚合物包含至少一个上述的核苷酸结构。
或者,所述核酸聚合物包含上述核苷酸的缩合物结构。
可选地,所述核酸聚合物包括核糖核酸、脱氧核糖核酸或核糖核苷酸与脱氧核糖核苷酸的共聚物。
本发明还提供了上述核苷的制备方法。当R3和R4独立地为氢,R1为胸腺嘧啶时,所述方法包括:
在保护试剂的存在下,将反应底物(I)与胸腺嘧啶反应,生成化合物(II);
在催化剂A存在下,化合物(II)发生分子内成环反应,生成化合物(III);将化合物(III)的保护基团W2’脱除,并在氧化剂的存在下发生氧化反应,生成化合物(IV);
在催化剂B存在下,化合物(IV)与腈源发生亲核取代反应,得到化合物(V)和/或其异构体;
在碱性条件下,化合物(V)和/或其异构体转化为化合物(VI)和/或其异构体;
其中,各化合物的结构式如下所示,W1、W2和W2’为氢或保护基团:
可选地,所述保护试剂为N,O-双(三甲基硅基)乙酰胺(BSA)。
可选地,所述催化剂A选自4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)和/或三氟甲磺酸酐(Tf2O)。
可选地,所述氧化剂选自2-碘酰基苯甲酸、戴斯-马丁试剂、二甲亚砜-草酰氯中的至少一种,优选为2-碘酰基苯甲酸。
可选地,所述催化剂B选自AlCl3、CeCl3、ZnCl2、TiCl4中的至少一种,优选为AlCl3。
可选地,所述腈源选自三甲基腈硅烷(TMSCN)、氰化钠、铁氰酸钾中的至少一种,优选为三甲基腈硅烷。
本发明还提供了上述核酸聚合物在制备核酸诊断剂和/或核酸治疗剂中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明提供的修饰核苷,在C6’位引入-CN,获得了新型的6’-CN修饰结构,并进一步修饰获得了核苷酸及核酸聚合物,极大地改善了核酶耐受性,对靶RNA亲和力高,具有高度RNA选择性,显示了良好的反义性质,肝毒性低。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一种实施方式中,包含6’位腈基取代核苷酸结构的序列及其他对比序列的蛇毒磷酸二酯酶(SVPDE)水解耐受性结果;
图2为本发明一种实施方式中,核苷酸序列ON1的质谱表征结果;
图3为本发明一种实施方式中,核苷酸序列ON2的质谱表征结果;
图4为本发明一种实施方式中,核苷酸序列ON3的质谱表征结果;
图5为本发明一种实施方式中,核苷酸序列ON4的质谱表征结果。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
除非另外定义,本发明中使用的所有术语(包括技术术语和科学术语)均具有如本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。术语,诸如在常用词典中定义的那些术语,应解释为具有与其在相关技术的上下文中的含义相符的含义,并且不会以理想化或过于正式的含义来解释,除非本发明中明确如此定义。
如本发明所用,术语“C1~C6”是指基团的主链中具有1至6的范围内的任意整数值的碳原子,例如1、2、3、4、5、6个碳原子。类似地,术语“C2~C6”是指基团的主链中具有2至6的范围内的任意整数值的碳原子,例如2、3、4、5、6个碳原子。
如本发明所用,术语“烷基”是指具有直链或支链的饱和脂肪族烃基;其非限制性实例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基等。
如本发明所用,术语“烯基”是指在沿着烷基的碳链的一个或多个位置处具有至少一个碳-碳双键的烃基;其非限制性实例包括乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基等。
如本发明所用,术语“炔基”是指在沿着烷基的碳链的一个或多个位置处具有至少一个碳-碳叁键的烃基;其非限制性实例包括乙炔基、丙炔基等。
如本发明所用,术语“芳基”是指包含碳环芳香族体系的基团;其非限制性实例包括苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、芘基等;当芳基包括多个环时,各自的环可以彼此稠合。
如本发明所用,术语“杂芳基”是指具有包含作为成环原子的至少一个选自N、O、Si、P和S的杂原子的碳环芳香族体系的基团;其非限制性实例包括吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、三嗪基、喹啉基、异喹啉基等;当杂芳基包括多个环时,各自的环可以彼此稠合。
如本发明所用,术语“杂烷基”、“杂芳基”是指包含至少一个选自N、O、Si、P和S的杂原子的烷基。
如本发明所用,术语“盐”是指可以方便的或合乎需要的制备、纯化和/或处理本发明中修饰核苷化合物(或者核苷酸化合物)的对应盐,例如,药学上可接受的盐。除非另有说明,本发明中对特定化合物的提及也包括其盐形式。
如本发明所用,术语“核酸聚合物”可以指任何核酸分子,包括但不限于DNA、RNA和其杂合体,包括但不限于单链和双链等。聚合形成核酸的核苷酸数量为2个、3个及以上,可以为核苷酸数量为20个以下的寡核苷酸,也可以为核苷酸数量为20个以上的聚合物。
如本发明所用,核酸聚合物中的波浪线之间的部分为嵌入在核酸聚合物序列中的结构,波浪线外部分代表核酸聚合物中的其它序列。
作为一种实施方式,本发明中的修饰核苷选自具有如下式所示结构的化合物、其盐或其异构体:
其中,R1选自取代或未取代的:嘌呤、嘧啶或它们各自的盐;R2、R3和R4均为氢。
作为一种实施方式,本发明中的修饰核苷选自具有如下式所示结构的化合物、其盐或其异构体:
其中,R1选自取代或未取代的:嘌呤、嘧啶或它们各自的盐;R2、R3和R4均为氢。
作为一种实施方式,在本发明中的修饰核苷的基础上对3’位的羟基或者保护基团结构进行磷化处理,可以获得核苷酸,所述核苷酸选自具有如下式所示结构的化合物、其盐或其异构体:
作为一种实施方式,将包含上述核苷酸的化合物进行缩合,得到缩合物,可以作为核酸聚合物。
作为一种实施方式,包含上述核苷酸的缩合物的聚合物或者序列,也属于本发明所述核酸聚合物的保护范围。
作为一种实施方式,本发明所述核酸聚合物的结构,包括将上述至少一个核苷酸嵌入修饰于寡核苷酸序列中得到的结构。
实施例1修饰核苷的制备
本实施例中,修饰核苷的合成路线如下所示:
其中,各步骤的反应条件如下,并采用核磁共振和质谱对化合物的结构进行表征:
a:在溶剂DMF中,以化合物1为底物,以叔丁基二苯基氯硅烷(TBDPSCl)为保护试剂,在咪唑存在下,室温下定量反应12h,完成羟基保护,得到化合物2。具体如下:
冰浴下,向化合物1(10g,25mmol)及咪唑(3.86g,56mmol)的100mL无水DMF溶液中加入TBDPSCl(10mL,37.5mmol),室温反应12h,用过量的甲醇淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯萃取,用水洗,饱和食盐水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,闪柱纯化(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=9/1),得到16.5g无水油状物2,收率97%。化合物2的结构确认结果如下:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.70-7.20(m,20H,ArH),5.77(d,J=3.6Hz,1H,H-1),4.68-4.44(m,5H,5-OBnH,H-2,6-CH2),4.21(d,J=4.2Hz,1H,H-3),4.10-4.30(m,2H,3-OBnH),3.75(d,J=10.4Hz,1H,5-Ha),3.63(d,J=10.0Hz,5-Hb);
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ135.51,135.29,133.23,133.08,130.90,130.57,126.84,125.67,125.60,125.08,124.97,124.92,110.66,101.55,85.02,77.00,75.49,71.03,69.78,69.34,62.05,24.22,23.95,23.69,16.66;
ESI-MS(m/z)656.32[M+NH4]+。
b:在溶剂乙酸乙酯中,先将化合物2在乙酸酐和乙酸以及硫酸存在下,室温反应12h;然后以乙腈为溶剂,在N,O-双(三甲基硅基)乙酰胺(BSA)、三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅酯存在下,与胸腺嘧啶回流反应18h,得到化合物3。
具体如下:
室温下,向化合物2(18.0g,28.2mmol)的40mL乙酸乙酯溶液中依次加入20mL乙酸,35mL乙酸酐及催化量的浓硫酸(160μL,2.6mmol),室温反应3h,TLC检测反应完全(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=9/1),用乙酸乙酯萃取,水洗,饱和碳酸氢钠洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,真空干燥后,将所得剩余物溶于200mL乙腈中,向其中加入胸腺嘧啶(10.6g,84mmol)后,再加入N,O-双三甲硅基乙酰胺(34.0mL,140mmol),稍加热使胸腺嘧啶完全溶解后,再冷却至室温,向其中加入TMSOTf(7.7mL,42mmol)后,回流反应18h,停止加热,待反应冷却至室温后,将反应液缓慢倒入1L冰水中,有大量白色固体析出,静置,过滤,再用二氯甲烷溶解,硅藻土过滤,水洗,饱和食盐水溶液洗,无水硫酸镁干燥后过滤,浓缩,得到18.8g白色固体3,收率89%。化合物3的结构确认结果如下:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.45(s,1H,NH),7.64-7.20(m,21H,ArH,6-H),6.17(d,J=6.0Hz,1’-H),5.39(t,J=5.6Hz,1H,H-2),4.59-4.52(m,4H,ArCH2 ×2),4.21(d,J=5.6Hz,1H,H-3),3.96-3.67(m,4H,6’-CH2 ,5’-CH2 ),1.96(s,3H,Ac),1.52(s,3H,5-CH3),1.06(s,9H,TBDPS-H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ172.42,165.67,152.55,139.72,139.41,137.96,137.93,137.74,135.14,134.79,130.88,130.59,130.34,130.08,129.97,129.94,129.92,129.88,113.53,90.10,87.66,79.93,77.15,76.85,75.96,74.44,66.05,29.09,22.86,21.41,14.24;
ESI-MS(m/z)771.33[M+Na]+。
c:以K2CO3提供碱性条件,将化合物3(20g,26.7mmol)加入到70mL的2N NH3-CH3OH溶液中,室温反应48h,减压浓缩后,用DCM溶解,闪柱纯化(二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1)得到18g白色固体产物4,收率90%。化合物4的结构确认结果如下:
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.38(s,1H,NH),7.62-7.16(m,21H,ArH,6-H),5.91(d,J=6.8Hz,1H,H-1’),5.58(d,J=6.4Hz,1H,2-OH),4.83-4.87(m,5H,ArCH2 ×2,H-2’),4.15-3.75(m,5H,3’-H,6’-CH2 ,5’-CH2 ),1.57(s,3H,5-CH3),0.96(s,9H,TBDPS-H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ163.81,151.20,138.57,138.20,136.02,135.39,135.29,132.90,132.72,130.08,130.01,128.61,128.32,128.10,127.86,127.70,127.60,127.55,110.02,86.47,86.19,79.32,73.40,73.12,73.03,71.60,64.30,26.78,19.01,12.15;
ESI-MS(m/z)707.32[M+H]+,729.30[M+Na]+。
d:在DMAP和Tf2O存在下,以CH2Cl2为溶剂,化合物4在0℃下反应2h,发生分子内成环反应,得到化合物5。具体如下:
冰浴下,向化合物4(17g,24mmol)及DMAP(11.7g,96mmol)的100mL二氯甲烷溶液中,缓慢滴加三氟甲磺酸酐(12mL,72mmol)的50mL二氯甲烷溶液,待滴加后,室温反应2h,用冰水淬灭反应,二氯甲烷萃取,水洗,饱和食盐水洗,无水硫酸镁干燥后,过滤,浓缩,闪柱纯化(二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1)得到12.3g白色固体产物5,收率74%。化合物5的结构确认结果如下:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.66-7.21(m,21H,ArH,H-6),6.25(d,J=6.0Hz,1H,H-1’),4.81(d,J=11.6Hz,1H,5’-OCHa-Ar),4.62(d,J=11.2Hz,1H,5’-OCHb-Ar),4.36-4.31(m,2H,5’-OCH2 -Ar),3.84(d,J=10.8Hz,1H,6’-Ha),3.70(d,J=10.4Hz,1H,6’-Hb),3.36(dd,J=10.8,15.2Hz,2H,5’-CH2),1.98(s,3H,5-CH3),1.03(s,9H,(CH3)3 C-);
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ172.29,159.23,137.06,136.46,135.59,135.43,132.35,131.95,130.15,129.93,129.88,128.54,128.37,128.24,127.89,127.83,127.73,127.53,119.21,90.02,88.79,87.21,84.06,73.50,69.48,64.12,26.75,18.89。
e:以THF为溶剂,在四丁基氟化铵(TBAF)存在下,化合物5在室温下反应2天,脱除TBDPS-保护基团,得到化合物6。具体如下:
室温下,向化合物5(15g,21.8mmol)的200mL四氢呋喃溶液中加入5mL水,再加入TBAF·3H2O(10.3g,32.7mmol),室温反应2天,用乙酸乙酯萃取,水洗后,有大量固体析出,过滤,抽干后得到9.3g白色固体产物6,收率95%。化合物6的结构确认结果如下:
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.76(d,J=1.2Hz,1H,H-6),7.38-7.13(m,10H,ArH),6.34(d,J=6.4Hz,1H,H-1’),5.51(dd,J=6.0,2.8Hz,1H,H-2’),5.08(t,J=5.2Hz,1H,6’-OH),4.78(d,J=12.0Hz,1H,3’-OCHa -Ar),4.62(d,J=12.0Hz,1H,3’-OCHb -Ar),4.36(s,2H,5’-OCH2 -Ar),4.27(d,J=3.2Hz,1H,H-3’),3.65(dd,J=11.2,5.2Hz,1H,6’-Ha),3.54(dd,J=11.2,4.8Hz,1H,6’-Hb),3.40(s,2H,5’-CH2),1.80(d,J=1.2Hz,1H,5-CH3);
13C-NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ171.16,158.86,137.41,137.03,131.80,127.90,127.79,127.35,127.27,127.05,126.80,116.37,82.29,88.26,86.23,83.11,72.10,71.49,69.24,60.47,13.10。
f:以IBX为氧化剂,以乙腈为溶剂,回流反应6h,将化合物6中脱除保护基团的羟基氧化成羰基,得到醛基中间体,过滤后抽干;
以TMSCN为腈源,以AlCl3为催化剂,醛基中间体在CH2Cl2中室温反应12h,然后在在四丁基氟化铵(TBAF)存在下,以THF为溶剂,室温反应1h,得到R/S构型混合物7;化合物7的结构确认结果如下:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ7.71(d,J=1.2Hz,1H,H-6),5.69(s,1H,H-1’),4.93(s,1H,H-6’),4.46(s,1H,H-2’),4.28(s,1H,H-3’),3.97(s,2H,5’-CH2),1.89(d,J=1.2Hz,1H,5-CH3);
13C-NMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ166.42,151.79,136.28,117.52,111.13,90.91,88.08,82.13,71.36,70.78,56.63,12.67;
ESI-MS(m/z)296.10[M+H]+。
g:在K2CO3存在下,以乙腈为溶剂,化合物7回流反应4h,得到S构型的化合物S-8和R构型的化合物R-8。
最终产物中,化合物S-8(约占25wt.%)为无定形固体,化合物R-8(约占75wt.%)为针状结晶。化合物S-8和化合物R-8的结构表征结果如下:
化合物S-8:
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.47(s,1H,NH),7.37-7.24(m,11H,H-6,ArH),5.59(s,1H,H-1’),5.11(s,1H,H-6’),4.84(s,1H,H-2’),4.75-4.61(m,4H,ArCH2 ×2),4.24-4.07(m,3H,H-3’,5’-CH2 ),1.64(s,3H,5-CH3 );
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ163.74,149.81,137.63,137.29,134.11,128.33,128.15,127.71,127.58,127.31,115.30,108.87,87.98,86.14,77.95,76.28,73.00,71.27,68.72,64.46,12.15;
化合物R-8:
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.45(s,1H,NH),7.35-7.31(m,11H,H-6,ArH),5.67(s,1H,H-1’),5.19(s,1H,H-6’),4.78(s,1H,H-2’),4.67-4.60(m,4H,ArCH2 ×2),4.25(s,1H,H-3’),4.05(d,J=11.2Hz,1H,H-5a’),3.93(d,J=11.2Hz,1H,H-5b’),1.59(d,J=1.2Hz,1H,H-5);
13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ163.74,149.81 137.70,137.18,133.94,128.30,128.30,128.23,127.65,127.42,116.81,108.87,87.20,86.28,79.98,76.18,72.87,71.23,70.65,63.90,12.15;
化合物S-8和化合物R-8的质谱结果为:ESI-MS(m/z)476.19[M+H]+。
实施例2核苷酸的制备
本实施例中,以实施例1中获得的修饰核苷R-8为基础,进一步修饰,获得核苷酸,合成路线如下所示:
其中,各步骤的反应条件如下:
h:以CH2Cl2为溶剂,在无水FeCl3存在下,化合物R-8在室温下反应2h,得到化合物9。
i:以DMTrCl为保护试剂,在吡啶存在下,化合物9在室温下反应5h,得到化合物10。化合物10的结构确认结果如下:
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.48(s,1H,NH),7.47-6.91(m,14H,DMTrH),6.27(d,J=4.0Hz,1H,H-1’),5.63(s,1H,H-6’),5.01(s,1H,H-2’),4.52(s,1H,H-3’),3.42(d,J=4.4Hz,1H,3’-OH),3.74(s,6H,OCH3 ×2),3.65(d,J=11.2Hz,1H,5’-Ha),3.36(d,J=11.2Hz,1H,5’-Hb),1.60(d,J=0.8Hz,1H,5-CH3);
13C-NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ163.81,158.27,149.91,144.50,135.07,134.84,134.00,129.91,129.84,128.00,127.71,126.94,117.41,113.34,109.01,87.99,86.38,86.35,80.37,70.52,70.33,58.47,55.09,12.35;
ESI-MS(m/z)620.20[M+Na]+。
j:在乙腈溶剂中,以2-氰乙基N,N,N’,N’-四异丙基亚磷酰二胺(2-cyanoethyl N,N,N’,N’-tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite,双(二异丙基氨基)(2-氰乙氧基)膦)作为磷化试剂,在4,5-二氰基咪唑存在下,化合物10在室温下反应8h,得到化合物11。化合物11的磷谱和质谱表征结果如下:
31P-NMR(152MHz,DMSO-d6)δ149.35,149.29;
ESI-HRMS(m/z)798.3264[M+H]+,820.3077[M+Na]+。
实施例3寡核苷酸序列的制备
以实施例2中制备得到的核苷酸为基础,在DNA自动合成以上运用标准亚磷酰胺法将上述各实施例得到的亚磷酰胺单体嵌入至相应的寡核苷酸序列中,获得了下述寡核苷酸ON1~ON4,具体见表1。ON1~ON4的质谱表征结果分别如图2、图3、图4和图5所示。
表1中,标注下划线的碱基为被替换修饰的位点,即T为采用本发明的核苷酸替换修饰的核苷酸。
表1寡核苷酸序列ON1~ON4及其相应质谱数据
实验例1寡核苷酸的性能
为了说明本发明不同实施例得到的修饰核苷、核苷酸的性能,将实施例3中得到的不同修饰寡核苷酸的性能进行测试。
核酸酶耐受性实验
以实施例3中得到的ON4序列为基础,将ON4序列中的T替换为LNA所获得的序列记为ON5;
将ON4序列中的T替换为Ts(3’-phosphorothioate-T)所获得的序列记为ON6;
将ON4序列中的T替换为天然碱基T所获得的序列记为ON7;
将天然序列GCGTTTTTTGCT记为ON8。
实验方法如下:
在37℃生理条件下,对寡核苷酸进行酶解;在不同时间点(0min、2min、5min、10min、20min、30min、40min)取出孵育液,用HPLC对进行定量,得到相应的含量-时间曲线;
缓冲体系:50mMTris-HCl,10mM MgCl2,pH 8.0;
HPLC分析条件:Waters型HPLC,流速:1mL/min;进样量:10μL;流动相A:水,流动相B:甲醇;梯度设定为在0~8min内由A:B=98:2(v/v)到A:B=92:8(v/v);紫外检测器波长:260nm;
酶稳定性测定:取1μg/μL样品20μL(以分子量~3000计,大约是7nmol)溶于375μL缓冲液中,同时加入0.02μg/μL的SVPDE 5μL或5μL高纯水做空白对照(总体积400μL),均在37℃孵育;在0min、2min、5min、10min、20min、30min、40min各取出50μL孵育液,150μL甲醇沉淀蛋白,10000rpm离心10min后取150μL上清液,抽干后加入150μL水,用HPLC法检测样品的含量。根据测出的未降解的样品的百分含量,做出样品的含量-时间曲线。
核酸酶耐受性实验结果如图1所示,在1.0μg/mL SVPDE条件下,本发明中序列ON4在降解缓慢,在40min时仍有40%以上未降解,而LNA修饰的ON5序列仅剩下不到10%,表明本发明6’位-CN取代的LNA可以大幅提高寡核苷酸对核酸酶耐受性,优于LNA。
热变性实验
以实施例3中得到的ON1、ON2和ON3序列为基础,将ON1、ON2和ON3序列中的T替换为Y(Y=LNA-T),所得序列分别记为Y-ON1、Y-ON2和Y-ON3。
实验方法包括:
退火缓冲液:10mM Na3PO4,100mM NaCl,pH 7.4(直接使用条件处普通的pH 7.4的磷酸缓冲液即可,注意,要不含MgCl2);
退火方法:两条寡核苷酸单链用退火缓冲液稀释,使其终浓度均为2μM,体积为3.5mL(可以测量800μL×3次,以及CD谱1mL,每条链需要7nmol),95℃水浴中加热5min(注意要盖紧,防止受热喷开),缓慢冷却至室温,在4℃冰箱中放置过夜;
Tm测定方法:在比色皿中加入800μL的待测样品,用热隔离盖子盖牢。选用15℃作为起始测定温度,85℃作为终止温度,温度的上升速率为1℃/min,A260读取速率为2次/℃,最后由仪器给出Tm值;每个样品重复测定3次,取平均值作为最终结果。
表2寡核苷酸序列所形成的DNA/RNA双链的解链温度Tm值(℃)
表2中,Y=LNA-T,相应的Tm值来源于文献(Chem.Commun.,2015,51,9737-9740);ΔTm=Tm(modified)-Tm(ON8)。
由热变性实验结果可以发现,与天然序列ON8相比,本发明中R-6’-CN-TL修饰序列ON1~ON3与靶RNA结合亲和力显著增强,ΔTm/mod.达3.3℃~3.6℃,尽管低于LNA修饰,但ON1~ON3对RNA选择性与LNA相当,与对应DNA的结合亲和力几乎不发生变化(变化少于1℃),由于R-6'-CN-TL为糖基锁定的100%3’-endo构型,以及水合作用增强双链稳定性,因此,我们推断,6’-CN-LNA对靶RNA结合亲和力较LNA稍弱的原因,是强电负性的CN会增强两条阴离子性单链之间的静电排斥力,综合表现为对靶RNA高度选择性和较强结合亲和力,本发明首次在LNA类似物上观察到此种构效关系,将有利于减少修饰gapmer的脱靶效应,降低毒性。
综之,初步的性质评价结果表明,在C6’位引入-CN,获得6’-CN-LNA修饰序列可以显著提高对核酸酶耐受性以及与靶RNA结合亲和力,其独特的对靶RNA亲和力和选择性将为进一步阐明RNaseH对反义gapmer-RNA的作用机制提供新的探针,为发展新型高效低毒的核酸化学修饰结构提供新的构效关系。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,但本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
序列表
<110> 中国人民解放军军事科学院军事医学研究院
<120> 修饰核苷、核苷酸和核酸聚合物及其制备方法与应用
<130> PA19029815
<160> 8
<170> PatentIn version 3.3
<210> 1
<211> 12
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列 ON1
<400> 1
gcgttttttg ct 12
<210> 2
<211> 12
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列 ON2
<400> 2
gcgttttttg ct 12
<210> 3
<211> 12
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列 ON3
<400> 3
gcgttttttg ct 12
<210> 4
<211> 10
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列 ON4
<400> 4
tttttttttt 10
<210> 5
<211> 12
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列 ON8
<400> 5
gcgttttttg ct 12
<210> 6
<211> 12
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列 Y-ON1
<400> 6
gcgttytttg ct 12
<210> 7
<211> 12
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列 Y-ON2
<400> 7
gcgttytytg ct 12
<210> 8
<211> 12
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列 Y-ON3
<400> 8
gcgytytytg ct 12
Claims (13)
1.修饰核苷,其特征在于,所述修饰核苷选自具有如式(I)所示结构的化合物、其盐或其异构体:
其中,R1选自取代或未取代的:腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、胞嘧啶、尿嘧啶或它们各自的盐;X代表O;
R2选自氢,或者R2选自取代或未取代的:C1~C6烷基、C1~C6杂烷基、C2~C6烯基、C2~C6炔基、芳基或杂芳基;
所述芳基选自苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基或芘基;所述杂芳基选自吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、三嗪基、喹啉基或异喹啉基;
所述C1~C6杂烷基的杂原子选自O、S、N、P或Si;
当R1和R2被取代时,取代基选自卤素、甲基、乙基、丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、羟基、巯基、氨基、羧基或磺酸基;
R3和R4独立地选自氢;
W1和W2独立地选自保护基团。
2.根据权利要求1所述的修饰核苷,其特征在于,当所述R1选自被取代的胞嘧啶时,所述R1为5’-甲基取代的胞嘧啶。
3.核苷酸,其特征在于,所述核苷酸包括权利要求1或2所述的修饰核苷的3’-亚磷酰胺衍生物或其盐。
5.根据权利要求4所述的核苷酸,其特征在于,所述式(II)中W2为4,4’-二甲氧基三苯甲基。
6.核酸聚合物,其特征在于,所述核酸聚合物包含至少一个权利要求3至5任一项所述的核苷酸。
7.根据权利要求6所述的核酸聚合物,其特征在于,所述核酸聚合物为核糖核酸、脱氧核糖核酸或核糖核苷酸与脱氧核糖核苷酸的共聚物。
8.制备权利要求1或2所述的修饰核苷的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括步骤:
当R3和R4独立地为氢,R1为胸腺嘧啶时,所述方法包括:
在保护试剂的存在下,将反应底物(I)与胸腺嘧啶反应,生成化合物(II);在催化剂A存在下,化合物(II)发生分子内成环反应,生成化合物(III);将化合物(III)的保护基团W2’脱除,并在氧化剂的存在下发生氧化反应,生成化合物(IV);在催化剂B存在下,化合物(IV)与腈源发生亲核取代反应,得到化合物(V)和/或其异构体;在碱性条件下,化合物(V)和/或其异构体转化为化合物(VI)和/或其异构体;
其中,各化合物的结构式如下所示,W1、W2和W2’为氢或保护基团:
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂A选自4-二甲氨基吡啶和/或三氟甲磺酸酐。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述氧化剂选自2-碘酰基苯甲酸、戴斯-马丁试剂、二甲亚砜-草酰氯中的至少一种。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂B选自AlCl3、CeCl3、ZnCl2、TiCl4中的至少一种。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述腈源选自三甲基腈硅烷、氰化钠、铁氰酸钾中的至少一种。
13.权利要求6或7所述的核酸聚合物在制备核酸诊断剂和/或核酸治疗剂中的应用。
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