CN110576299A - precision short-stroke integral piston machining method - Google Patents
precision short-stroke integral piston machining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110576299A CN110576299A CN201810589201.8A CN201810589201A CN110576299A CN 110576299 A CN110576299 A CN 110576299A CN 201810589201 A CN201810589201 A CN 201810589201A CN 110576299 A CN110576299 A CN 110576299A
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000954 Medium-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/10—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass pistons
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing a precise short-stroke monobloc piston, which comprises the following specific processing steps: s1, reasonably designing a forging die, and forging and pressing the metal ingot into an integral piston rough blank through the forging die and forging equipment; s2, clamping one end of the integral piston rough blank workpiece, supporting the other end of the integral piston rough blank workpiece, and roughly cutting all outer circles or outer grooves of the integral piston rough blank by using a rough turning tool; s3, performing fine cutting treatment on the outer circle or the outer groove of the workpiece by using a fine turning tool; s4, machining the excircle of the piston rod section of the workpiece by using an excircle mirror surface cutter; s5, processing the outer end face of the piston section of the workpiece; s6, processing the outer end face of the piston rod section of the workpiece, and removing the processing allowance of the outer end face of the piston rod section; and S7, directly carrying out QPQ processing on the workpiece. The piston rod produced and processed by the method has high surface hardness, high precision, simple process and high production efficiency; the concentricity control precision of the piston and the piston rod is high.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to the technical field of piston machining, in particular to a method for machining a precise short-stroke integral piston.
Background
The piston and the piston rod on the short-stroke cylinder and the oil cylinder are core components, the concentricity, the surface hardness and the roughness between the piston and the piston rod directly influence the precision and the service life of a product, and at present, the main production processes of the piston and the piston rod comprise the following 2 types:
1. the piston and the piston rod are split, the piston and the piston rod are assembled after being independently processed, the piston rod is processed by an outer circle rough grinding machine through cold-rolled raw materials, then straightening is carried out, electroplating treatment is carried out after accurate grinding reaches a certain numerical value, then secondary accurate grinding is carried out, and polishing treatment is carried out after accurate grinding. The machining process is the most extensive at present, but the concentricity of the piston and the piston rod manufactured by the machining process is poor, the surface of the piston rod needs to be electroplated, the machining process is not environment-friendly, the production cost is high, the machining process is complex, and therefore, the requirements on precision and service life of some products cannot be met.
2. The piston and the piston rod are integrated, and the diameter of the piston rod and the diameter of the piston are greatly different, so that raw materials can be purchased only according to the maximum diameter, the machining allowance is large, the cost is high, the production efficiency is low, the process is complex, the surface of the piston rod is required to be subjected to electroplating treatment, the environment is polluted, and the piston rod are generally rarely adopted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for machining a precise short-stroke integral piston, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
The utility model provides a precision short stroke monobloc piston processing method, short stroke monobloc piston includes integrated into one piece's piston rod section and piston section, offers the installation annular that is used for installing the sealing washer on the circumference outer wall of piston section, and short stroke monobloc piston's concrete processing step is as follows:
s1, designing a corresponding forging design drawing according to the design drawing of the short-stroke integral piston product, reasonably designing a forging die according to the forging design drawing, forging and pressing a metal ingot into an integral piston rough blank containing a piston rod section and a piston section through the forging die and forging equipment, and then cooling;
S2, clamping one end of the integral piston rough blank workpiece, supporting the other end of the integral piston rough blank workpiece, and roughly cutting all outer circles or outer grooves of the integral piston rough blank by using a rough turning tool, wherein the allowance left on one side is 0.4-0.6 mm, so that rough machining of the workpiece is realized;
S3, clamping one end of the roughly machined workpiece, supporting the other end of the roughly machined workpiece, and performing fine cutting treatment on the outer circle or the outer groove of the workpiece by using a fine turning tool, wherein the roughness of the outer circle of the workpiece is 0.4-0.6;
s4, machining the excircle of the piston rod section of the workpiece by using an excircle mirror surface cutter, and machining the roughness of the excircle of the piston rod section to 0.1;
S5, processing the outer end face of the piston section of the workpiece, and removing the processing allowance of the outer end face of the piston section;
S6, processing the outer end face of the piston rod section of the workpiece, and removing the processing allowance of the outer end face of the piston rod section;
And S7, directly carrying out QPQ treatment on the workpiece with the machining allowance removed, and obtaining the precise short-stroke monobloc piston after the treatment is finished.
As a further scheme of the invention: the material type of the metal ingot is low-carbon steel, medium-carbon steel, nitrided steel, die casting steel, die extruding steel, hot die steel, cold die steel, high-speed steel, stainless steel, valve steel, gray cast iron or nodular iron.
As a further scheme of the invention: the ingot is made of die-casting steel, die-extruding steel, hot die steel, cold die steel or high-speed steel, and in step S7, before QPQ treatment, a workpiece needs to be subjected to quenching pretreatment at a temperature of 770-1220 ℃.
As a further scheme of the invention: the ingot is made of medium carbon steel or nitrided steel, and the workpiece needs to be subjected to thermal refining before the QPQ processing in step S7.
as a further scheme of the invention: the ingot is valve steel, and in step S7, before QPQ processing, the workpiece needs to be subjected to clamping treatment.
As a further scheme of the invention: the specific steps of step S1 are: a. reasonably designing a forging die and selecting a reasonable metal ingot according to a rough machining drawing of the short-stroke integral piston; b. smelting a metal ingot by an electric furnace, and then carrying out vacuum refining; c. and forging the metal ingot into an integral piston rough blank containing the piston rod section and the piston section through a forging die and forging equipment, and then cooling.
As a further scheme of the invention: the specific operation flow of step S2 is as follows: clamping the piston section of the workpiece on a lathe through a chuck, propping the end part of the piston rod section of the workpiece through a thimble, and roughly cutting the excircle of the piston rod section from the free end of the piston rod section to the direction of the piston section by using a rough turning tool; then, the piston rod section of the workpiece is clamped through the chuck, the end part of the piston section of the workpiece is jacked through the thimble, the outer circle of the piston section is roughly cut by a rough turning tool in the direction from the free end of the piston section to the piston rod section, then the end face of the piston section connected with the piston rod section is roughly cut, and finally, an installation ring groove is formed in the outer circle of the piston section.
As a further scheme of the invention: the specific operation flow of step S3 is as follows: clamping the piston section of the workpiece on a lathe through a chuck, propping the end part of the piston rod section of the workpiece through a thimble, and carrying out fine cutting treatment on the excircle of the piston rod section from the free end of the piston rod section to the direction of the piston section by using a finish turning tool; then, the piston rod section of the workpiece is clamped through the chuck, the end part of the piston section of the workpiece is jacked through the thimble, the outer circle of the piston section is subjected to fine cutting processing through a finishing tool in the direction from the free end of the piston section to the piston rod section, then, the end face, connected with the piston rod section, of the piston section is subjected to fine cutting processing, and the roughness of the outer circle of the workpiece is 0.4-0.6.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the piston rod produced and processed by the method has high surface hardness, high precision, simple whole production process and high production efficiency; the piston and the piston rod are in an integrally formed structure, so that the high concentricity control precision of the piston and the piston rod is effectively ensured; compared with chromium plating treatment, the QPQ treatment is carried out on the machined workpiece, the surface hardness and the compound layer depth of the workpiece are obviously improved, and the service life of the workpiece is longer.
drawings
FIG. 1 is a design drawing of a short stroke monobloc piston product of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a forging layout view of a short stroke monobloc piston of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the short stroke monobloc piston excircle cutting process in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the outer end face machining of the piston section in the short stroke monobloc piston of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the outer end face machining of the piston rod section in the short-stroke monobloc piston of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-piston rod section, 2-piston section and 3-mounting ring groove.
Detailed Description
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
referring to FIGS. 1 to 5, a first embodiment of the present invention,
example 1: the utility model provides a precision short stroke monobloc piston processing method, short stroke monobloc piston includes integrated into one piece's piston rod section 1 and piston section 2, offers the installation annular 3 that is used for installing the sealing washer on the circumference outer wall of piston section 2, and short stroke monobloc piston's concrete processing step is as follows:
s1, designing a corresponding forging design drawing according to the design drawing of the short-stroke integral piston product, reasonably designing a forging die according to the forging design drawing, forging and pressing a metal ingot into an integral piston rough blank containing a piston rod section and a piston section through the forging die and forging equipment, and then cooling;
S2, clamping one end of the integral piston rough blank workpiece, supporting the other end of the integral piston rough blank workpiece, and roughly cutting all outer circles or outer grooves of the integral piston rough blank by using a rough turning tool, wherein the allowance left on one side is 0.4-0.6 mm, so that rough machining of the workpiece is realized;
s3, clamping one end of the roughly machined workpiece, supporting the other end of the roughly machined workpiece, and performing fine cutting treatment on the outer circle or the outer groove of the workpiece by using a fine turning tool, wherein the roughness of the outer circle of the workpiece is 0.4-0.6;
s4, machining the excircle of the piston rod section of the workpiece by using an excircle mirror surface cutter, and machining the roughness of the excircle of the piston rod section to 0.1;
S5, processing the outer end face of the piston section of the workpiece, and removing the processing allowance of the outer end face of the piston section;
s6, processing the outer end face of the piston rod section of the workpiece, and removing the processing allowance of the outer end face of the piston rod section;
And S7, directly carrying out QPQ treatment on the workpiece with the machining allowance removed, and obtaining the precise short-stroke monobloc piston after the treatment is finished.
Wherein the metal ingot is made of die-casting steel, die-extruding steel, hot die steel, cold die steel or high-speed steel, and in step S7, before QPQ treatment, a workpiece needs to be subjected to quenching pretreatment at a temperature of 770 to 1220 ℃.
The specific steps of step S1 are as follows: a. reasonably designing a forging die and selecting a reasonable metal ingot according to a rough machining drawing of the short-stroke integral piston; b. smelting a metal ingot by an electric furnace, and then carrying out vacuum refining; c. and forging the metal ingot into an integral piston rough blank containing the piston rod section and the piston section through a forging die and forging equipment, and then cooling.
The specific operation flow of step S2 is as follows: clamping the piston section of the workpiece on a lathe through a chuck, propping the end part of the piston rod section of the workpiece through a thimble, and roughly cutting the excircle of the piston rod section from the free end of the piston rod section to the direction of the piston section by using a rough turning tool; then, the piston rod section of the workpiece is clamped through the chuck, the end part of the piston section of the workpiece is jacked through the thimble, the outer circle of the piston section is roughly cut by a rough turning tool in the direction from the free end of the piston section to the piston rod section, then the end face of the piston section connected with the piston rod section is roughly cut, and finally, an installation ring groove is formed in the outer circle of the piston section.
The specific operation flow of step S3 is as follows: clamping the piston section of the workpiece on a lathe through a chuck, propping the end part of the piston rod section of the workpiece through a thimble, and carrying out fine cutting treatment on the excircle of the piston rod section from the free end of the piston rod section to the direction of the piston section by using a finish turning tool; then, the piston rod section of the workpiece is clamped through the chuck, the end part of the piston section of the workpiece is jacked through the thimble, the outer circle of the piston section is subjected to fine cutting processing through a finishing tool in the direction from the free end of the piston section to the piston rod section, then, the end face, connected with the piston rod section, of the piston section is subjected to fine cutting processing, and the roughness of the outer circle of the workpiece is 0.4-0.6.
Example 2: the difference from example 1 is that the ingot is made of medium carbon steel or nitrided steel, and the workpiece needs to be subjected to thermal refining before the QPQ treatment in step S7.
example 3: the difference from embodiment 1 is that the ingot is valve steel, and in step S7, the workpiece needs to be subjected to a clamping treatment before the QPQ treatment.
After the short-stroke integral piston product is manufactured by adopting metal ingots made of low-carbon steel, medium-carbon steel, nitrided steel, cast steel, extruded steel, hot mold steel, cold mold steel, high-speed steel, stainless steel, valve steel, gray cast iron or ductile iron as materials through the method, the corresponding surface hardness and compound layer depth of the short-stroke integral piston product are shown in table 1.
the piston rod produced and processed by the method has high surface hardness, high precision, simple whole production process and high production efficiency; the piston and the piston rod are in an integrally formed structure, so that the high control precision of the concentricity of the piston and the piston rod is effectively ensured, and the concentricity can be controlled to be about 0.005; compared with chromium plating treatment, the QPQ treatment is carried out on the machined workpiece, the surface hardness and the compound layer depth of the workpiece are obviously improved, and the service life of the workpiece is longer.
table 1: surface hardness and compound layer depth corresponding to various short-stroke monobloc pistons after QPQ treatment
| Serial number | Kind of material | Representative brand | Pretreatment | Surface hardness | Depth of compound layer |
| 01 | Low carbon steel | A3，10#，20# | - | Hv 500-700 | 15-20μ |
| 02 | medium carbon steel | 45#，40Cr | Without treatment or conditioning | Hv 600-750 | 12-20μ |
| 03 | Nitrided steel | 38CrMoAl | Tempering | Hv 950-1000 | 9-15μ |
| 04 | Die steel | 3Cr2W8V | Quenching | Hv 950-1050 | 6-10μ |
| 05 | Die steel | H13 | Quenching | Hv 950-1100 | 6-10μ |
| 06 | Hot die steel | 5CrMnMo | quenching | Hv 750-900 | 9-15μ |
| 07 | Cold die steel | Cr12MoV | High temperature quenching | Hv 950-1100 | 6-15μ |
| 08 | high speed steel | W6Mo5Cr4V2 | Quenching | Hv 1000-1200 | - |
| 09 | Stainless steel | 1Cr13，4Cr13 | - | Hv 900-1000 | 6-10μ |
| 10 | Stainless steel | 1Cr18Ni9Ti | - | Hv 950-1100 | 6-10μ |
| 11 | Valve steel | 5Cr21Mn9Ni4N | Solid solution | Hv 900-1100 | 3-8μ |
| 12 | Gray cast iron | HT20-40 | - | Hv 500-700 | Total depth of 100 mu |
| 13 | nodular iron | QT60-20 | - | Hv 600-800 | total depth of 100 mu |
it will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. a precise short-stroke integral piston processing method is characterized in that: the short-stroke monobloc piston comprises an integrally formed piston rod section and a piston section, wherein an installation ring groove for installing a sealing ring is formed in the outer wall of the circumference of the piston section, and the short-stroke monobloc piston is specifically processed as follows:
S1, designing a corresponding forging design drawing according to the design drawing of the short-stroke integral piston product, reasonably designing a forging die according to the forging design drawing, forging and pressing a metal ingot into an integral piston rough blank containing a piston rod section and a piston section through the forging die and forging equipment, and then cooling;
S2, clamping one end of the integral piston rough blank workpiece, supporting the other end of the integral piston rough blank workpiece, and roughly cutting all outer circles or outer grooves of the integral piston rough blank by using a rough turning tool, wherein the allowance left on one side is 0.4-0.6 mm, so that rough machining of the workpiece is realized;
S3, clamping one end of the roughly machined workpiece, supporting the other end of the roughly machined workpiece, and performing fine cutting treatment on the outer circle or the outer groove of the workpiece by using a fine turning tool, wherein the roughness of the outer circle of the workpiece is 0.4-0.6;
s4, machining the excircle of the piston rod section of the workpiece by using an excircle mirror surface cutter, and machining the roughness of the excircle of the piston rod section to 0.1;
S5, processing the outer end face of the piston section of the workpiece, and removing the processing allowance of the outer end face of the piston section;
S6, processing the outer end face of the piston rod section of the workpiece, and removing the processing allowance of the outer end face of the piston rod section;
And S7, directly carrying out QPQ treatment on the workpiece with the machining allowance removed, and obtaining the precise short-stroke monobloc piston after the treatment is finished.
2. A method of precision short stroke monobloc piston machining as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the material type of the metal ingot is low-carbon steel, medium-carbon steel, nitrided steel, die casting steel, die extruding steel, hot die steel, cold die steel, high-speed steel, stainless steel, valve steel, gray cast iron or nodular iron.
3. A method of precision short stroke monobloc piston machining as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the ingot is made of die-casting steel, die-extruding steel, hot die steel, cold die steel or high-speed steel, and in step S7, before QPQ treatment, a workpiece needs to be subjected to quenching pretreatment at a temperature of 770-1220 ℃.
4. A method of precision short stroke monobloc piston machining as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the ingot is made of medium carbon steel or nitrided steel, and the workpiece needs to be subjected to thermal refining before the QPQ processing in step S7.
5. a method of precision short stroke monobloc piston machining as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the ingot is valve steel, and in step S7, before QPQ processing, the workpiece needs to be subjected to clamping treatment.
6. A method of precision short stroke monobloc piston machining as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the specific steps of step S1 are: a. reasonably designing a forging die and selecting a reasonable metal ingot according to a rough machining drawing of the short-stroke integral piston; b. smelting a metal ingot by an electric furnace, and then carrying out vacuum refining; c. and forging the metal ingot into an integral piston rough blank containing the piston rod section and the piston section through a forging die and forging equipment, and then cooling.
7. A method of precision short stroke monobloc piston machining as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the specific operation flow of step S2 is as follows: clamping the piston section of the workpiece on a lathe through a chuck, propping the end part of the piston rod section of the workpiece through a thimble, and roughly cutting the excircle of the piston rod section from the free end of the piston rod section to the direction of the piston section by using a rough turning tool; then, the piston rod section of the workpiece is clamped through the chuck, the end part of the piston section of the workpiece is jacked through the thimble, the outer circle of the piston section is roughly cut by a rough turning tool in the direction from the free end of the piston section to the piston rod section, then the end face of the piston section connected with the piston rod section is roughly cut, and finally, an installation ring groove is formed in the outer circle of the piston section.
8. A method of precision short stroke monobloc piston machining as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the specific operation flow of step S3 is as follows: clamping the piston section of the workpiece on a lathe through a chuck, propping the end part of the piston rod section of the workpiece through a thimble, and carrying out fine cutting treatment on the excircle of the piston rod section from the free end of the piston rod section to the direction of the piston section by using a finish turning tool; then, the piston rod section of the workpiece is clamped through the chuck, the end part of the piston section of the workpiece is jacked through the thimble, the outer circle of the piston section is subjected to fine cutting processing through a finishing tool in the direction from the free end of the piston section to the piston rod section, then, the end face, connected with the piston rod section, of the piston section is subjected to fine cutting processing, and the roughness of the outer circle of the workpiece is 0.4-0.6.
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| CN111250938A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-06-09 | 台州市烁达机械有限公司 | QPQ (quench-Polish-quench) machining process for rotor of backing pump |
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| CN111250938A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-06-09 | 台州市烁达机械有限公司 | QPQ (quench-Polish-quench) machining process for rotor of backing pump |
| CN112122892A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-25 | 海天塑机集团有限公司 | Processing technology and die for injection piston body |
| CN112264765A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-26 | 三河建华高科有限责任公司 | Method for machining main roller of multi-wire cutting machine |
| CN112264765B (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-07-12 | 三河建华高科有限责任公司 | Method for machining main roller of multi-wire cutting machine |
| CN114367795A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-19 | 湖南中航紧固系统有限公司 | Machining method of automobile gear shifting hydraulic piston rod |
| CN114367795B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-05-19 | 湖南中航紧固系统有限公司 | Machining method of automobile gear shifting hydraulic piston rod |
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Application publication date: 20191217 |