CN110571510A - A Helicopter Ultrashort Wave Conformal Antenna - Google Patents
A Helicopter Ultrashort Wave Conformal Antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110571510A CN110571510A CN201910799330.4A CN201910799330A CN110571510A CN 110571510 A CN110571510 A CN 110571510A CN 201910799330 A CN201910799330 A CN 201910799330A CN 110571510 A CN110571510 A CN 110571510A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/285—Aircraft wire antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
- H01Q5/335—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors at the feed, e.g. for impedance matching
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种直升机超短波共形天线,包括前缘罩天线辐射体和后缘罩天线辐射体,前缘罩天线辐射体通过电缆与后缘罩天线辐射体连接,后缘罩天线辐射体包括辐射体与阻抗匹配盒,阻抗匹配盒包括壳体,壳体内设置有匹配网络,壳体的上端口固定有盖板,壳体的一侧固定有TNC型连接器,匹配网络包括印制板,印制板上设置有第一电容、第一电感、第二电感和第二电容,印制板上设置有输出端和输入端,输出端与后缘罩天线辐射体通过小截面线焊接,输入端依次串联第一电容、并联第一电感、串联第二电感、第二电容。该发明的有益效果为减少机体外伸天线数量,使机载天线布局更加合理和改善通信效果。
The invention discloses a helicopter ultrashort wave conformal antenna, which comprises a leading edge cover antenna radiator and a trailing edge cover antenna radiator, the leading edge cover antenna radiator is connected with the trailing edge cover antenna radiator through a cable, and the trailing edge cover antenna radiator Including the radiator and the impedance matching box, the impedance matching box includes a housing, the housing is provided with a matching network, the upper port of the housing is fixed with a cover plate, one side of the housing is fixed with a TNC connector, and the matching network includes a printed board , the printed board is provided with a first capacitor, a first inductance, a second inductance and a second capacitor, an output terminal and an input terminal are provided on the printed board, and the output terminal and the rear edge cover antenna radiator are welded through a small section wire, The input terminal is sequentially connected in series with the first capacitor, in parallel with the first inductor, in series with the second inductor, and in series with the second capacitor. The invention has the beneficial effects of reducing the number of extended antennas of the machine body, making the layout of the airborne antennas more reasonable and improving the communication effect.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及天线技术领域,特别涉及一种直升机超短波共形天线。The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a helicopter ultrashort wave conformal antenna.
背景技术Background technique
现役直升机30MHz~400MHz超短波天线均为刀形或鞭状天线,多安装于飞机背部、腹部或垂尾航向左侧,为凸起型单体天线,同时机体平台凸起天线较多,天线布局困难,需要研制新型共形天线,以减少机体外伸天线数量,使机载天线布局更加合理,减少天线间相互影响,所以现迫切需要研制新型天线以改善战术通信效果。The 30MHz~400MHz ultrashort wave antennas of active helicopters are all knife-shaped or whip-shaped antennas, which are mostly installed on the back, abdomen, or left side of the vertical tail course of the aircraft. , it is necessary to develop a new type of conformal antenna to reduce the number of antennas extending out of the body, make the layout of the airborne antenna more reasonable, and reduce the mutual influence between antennas. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new type of antenna to improve the tactical communication effect.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种直升机超短波共形天线,可以实现上述背景技术中提出的效果。The present invention provides a helicopter ultra-short wave conformal antenna, which can realize the effects proposed in the above-mentioned background technology.
本发明提供了一种直升机超短波共形天线,包括前缘罩天线辐射体和后缘罩天线辐射体,所述前缘罩天线辐射体通过电缆与所述后缘罩天线辐射体连接,所述后缘罩天线辐射体包括辐射体与阻抗匹配盒,所述阻抗匹配盒包括壳体,所述壳体内设置有匹配网络,所述壳体的上端口固定有盖板,所述壳体的一侧固定有TNC型连接器,所述匹配网络包括印制板,所述印制板上设置有第一电容、第一电感、第二电感和第二电容,所述印制板上设置有输出端和输入端,所述输出端与所述后缘罩天线辐射体通过小截面线焊接,所述输入端依次串联第一电容、并联第一电感、串联第二电感、第二电容。The invention provides a helicopter ultra-short wave conformal antenna, comprising a leading edge cover antenna radiator and a trailing edge cover antenna radiator, the leading edge cover antenna radiator is connected to the trailing edge cover antenna radiator through a cable, the The trailing edge cover antenna radiator includes a radiator and an impedance matching box, the impedance matching box includes a housing, a matching network is arranged inside the housing, a cover plate is fixed on the upper port of the housing, and one of the housings A TNC-type connector is fixed on the side, the matching network includes a printed board, and the printed board is provided with a first capacitor, a first inductance, a second inductance and a second capacitor, and the printed board is provided with an output terminal and input terminal, the output terminal and the radiator of the trailing edge cover antenna are welded through a small cross-section wire, and the input terminal is connected in series with the first capacitor, in parallel with the first inductor, in series with the second inductor, and in series with the second capacitor.
较佳地,所述阻抗匹配盒采用耐腐蚀密度低的铝合金材料。Preferably, the impedance matching box is made of aluminum alloy material with low corrosion resistance density.
较佳地,所述阻抗匹配盒与所述辐射体之间采用镶套连接。Preferably, a nested connection is used between the impedance matching box and the radiator.
较佳地,所述壳体的上端口与所述盖板之间设置有密封垫。Preferably, a gasket is provided between the upper port of the casing and the cover plate.
较佳地,所述盖板通过第一螺钉、第一平垫圈、第一弹簧垫圈与所述壳体固定连接。Preferably, the cover plate is fixedly connected to the housing through a first screw, a first flat washer, and a first spring washer.
较佳地,所述TNC型连接器通过第二螺钉、第二平垫圈、第二弹簧垫圈与所述壳体固定连接。Preferably, the TNC connector is fixedly connected to the housing through a second screw, a second flat washer, and a second spring washer.
较佳地,所述第一电容为43pF,第一电感电感量为0.73 uH,第二电感电感量为0.36 uH,第二电容为6pF。Preferably, the first capacitance is 43pF, the inductance of the first inductor is 0.73 uH, the inductance of the second inductor is 0.36 uH, and the second capacitance is 6pF.
本发明提供的一种直升机超短波共形天线,由前缘罩天线辐射体、后缘罩天线辐射体及阻抗匹配盒组成,前缘罩天线辐射体与后缘罩天线辐射体之间通过电缆连接,应用了阻抗匹配原理。A helicopter ultra-short wave conformal antenna provided by the invention is composed of a leading edge cover antenna radiator, a trailing edge cover antenna radiator and an impedance matching box, and the leading edge cover antenna radiator and the trailing edge cover antenna radiator are connected by a cable , applying the principle of impedance matching.
本申请在本天线中的做法是在后缘罩天线辐射体安装阻抗匹配盒,该天线采用了无耗匹配网络加载,改善了天线阻抗特性,使全频段的阻抗特性趋于平缓;减小电抗分量,增加电阻分量,既展宽了天线带宽,也实现了天线的小型化,加载后天线不仅具有良好的匹配宽带和辐射特性,而且增大了电流有效路径,大大降低了天线的整体尺寸;基于上述原理,本发明的有益效果为:前缘罩天线辐射体和后缘罩天线辐射体通过电缆连接,采用中部馈电模式,利用Advanced Design System 2009设计阻抗匹配网络。选用具有良好线性特性和耐高功率容量的器件,以解决在工作频带范围内的阻抗匹配、噪声干扰、功率容量、频率响应的线性度等问题,实现在工作频带范围内的指标要求。整个天线包括:前缘罩天线辐射体、后缘罩天线辐射体及阻抗匹配盒,该申请中共形天线辐射体为矩形偶极子天线的进一步变形,通过调整矩形偶极子的长宽比获得更平滑的增益曲线以及良好的阻抗带宽,同时,将偶极子的上振子进行折合延伸,覆盖至尾翼另一边缘,可明显提高另一边缘方向的辐射效能。另一方面,对天线进行集总参数加载,使全频段的阻抗特性趋于平缓,进而实现天线的宽频化。将前缘罩天线辐射体和后缘罩天线辐射体两部分作为天线辐射体组件,在后缘罩天线辐射体安装阻抗匹配盒,其次,后缘罩天线辐射体与后缘罩天线辐射体电搭接部位及馈电部位采取镶套的办法,将辐射体铺设在复合材料内部,与罩子共形,这样各电搭接部位及馈电部位,能够通过螺装固定,方便了维护及适装性,提高了可靠性,同时避免了上述焊接对前、后罩强度的影响。对镶套、支柱、匹配盒材料选用及涂镀处理,提高环境适应性。The practice of this application in this antenna is to install an impedance matching box on the radiator of the rear edge cover antenna. The antenna adopts a lossless matching network loading, which improves the impedance characteristics of the antenna, and makes the impedance characteristics of the whole frequency band tend to be gentle; reduces the reactance component, increasing the resistance component not only widens the antenna bandwidth, but also realizes the miniaturization of the antenna. After loading, the antenna not only has good matching broadband and radiation characteristics, but also increases the effective path of the current and greatly reduces the overall size of the antenna; based on Based on the above principles, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the radiator of the leading edge cover antenna and the radiator of the trailing edge cover antenna are connected by a cable, the central feeding mode is adopted, and the impedance matching network is designed by using Advanced Design System 2009. Devices with good linear characteristics and high power capacity are selected to solve problems such as impedance matching, noise interference, power capacity, and frequency response linearity within the operating frequency band, and to achieve the index requirements within the operating frequency band. The whole antenna includes: the front edge cover antenna radiator, the rear edge cover antenna radiator and the impedance matching box. In this application, the conformal antenna radiator is a further deformation of the rectangular dipole antenna, which is obtained by adjusting the aspect ratio of the rectangular dipole. Smoother gain curve and good impedance bandwidth. At the same time, the upper dipole dipole is folded and extended to cover the other edge of the empennage, which can significantly improve the radiation efficiency in the direction of the other edge. On the other hand, the lumped parameter loading of the antenna makes the impedance characteristics of the whole frequency band tend to be flat, and then realizes the broadband of the antenna. The two parts of the front edge cover antenna radiator and the rear edge cover antenna radiator are used as the antenna radiator assembly, and an impedance matching box is installed on the rear edge cover antenna radiator. Secondly, the trailing edge cover antenna radiator and the rear edge cover antenna radiator are electrically connected. The overlapping parts and feeding parts adopt the method of nesting, and the radiator is laid inside the composite material, conforming to the cover, so that each electrical overlapping part and feeding part can be fixed by screws, which is convenient for maintenance and fitting The reliability is improved, and the influence of the above-mentioned welding on the strength of the front and rear covers is avoided at the same time. Material selection and coating treatment for inserts, pillars, and matching boxes to improve environmental adaptability.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明提供的一种直升机超短波共形天线结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a helicopter ultrashort wave conformal antenna provided by the present invention.
图2为本发明提供的一种直升机超短波共形天线的后缘罩天线辐射体结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a trailing edge cover antenna radiator of a helicopter ultrashort wave conformal antenna provided by the present invention.
图3为本发明提供的一种直升机超短波共形天线的阻抗匹配盒结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an impedance matching box of a helicopter ultrashort wave conformal antenna provided by the present invention.
图4为本发明提供的一种直升机超短波共形天线的阻抗匹配盒结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of an impedance matching box of a helicopter ultrashort wave conformal antenna provided by the present invention.
图5为图3中A-A处的剖面图。Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view at A-A in Fig. 3 .
图6为本发明提供的一种直升机超短波共形天线的匹配电路原理图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a matching circuit of a helicopter ultrashort wave conformal antenna provided by the present invention.
附图标记说明:1-前缘罩天线辐射体;2-后缘罩天线辐射体;3-电缆;4-辐射体;5-阻抗匹配盒;6-匹配网络;7-壳体;8-盖板;9-密封垫;10-第一螺钉;11-第二螺钉;12-第一平垫圈;13-第二平垫圈;14-第一弹簧垫圈;15-第二弹簧垫圈;16-TNC型连接器;17-印制板;18-第一电容;19-第一电感;20-第二电感;21-第二电容;22-输出端;23-输入端。Explanation of reference numerals: 1-leading edge cover antenna radiator; 2-rear edge cover antenna radiator; 3-cable; 4-radiator; 5-impedance matching box; 6-matching network; 7-housing; 8- Cover plate; 9-gasket; 10-first screw; 11-second screw; 12-first flat washer; 13-second flat washer; 14-first spring washer; 15-second spring washer; 16- TNC type connector; 17-printed board; 18-first capacitor; 19-first inductance; 20-second inductance; 21-second capacitor; 22-output terminal; 23-input terminal.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图,对本发明的一个具体实施方式进行详细描述,但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。A specific embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiment.
如图1至图6所示,本发明实施例提供的一种直升机超短波共形天线,包括前缘罩天线辐射体1和后缘罩天线辐射体2,所述前缘罩天线辐射体1通过电缆3与所述后缘罩天线辐射体2连接,所述后缘罩天线辐射体2包括辐射体4与阻抗匹配盒5,所述阻抗匹配盒5包括壳体7,所述壳体7内设置有匹配网络6,所述壳体7的上端口固定有盖板8,所述壳体7的一侧固定有TNC型连接器16,所述匹配网络6包括印制板17,所述印制板17上设置有第一电容18、第一电感19、第二电感20和第二电容21,所述印制板17上设置有输出端22和输入端23,所述输出端22与所述后缘罩天线辐射体2通过小截面线焊接,所述输入端23依次串联第一电容18、并联第一电感19、串联第二电感20、第二电容21。As shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, a kind of helicopter ultrashort wave conformal antenna that the embodiment of the present invention provides, comprises leading edge cover antenna radiator 1 and trailing edge cover antenna radiator 2, and described leading edge cover antenna radiator 1 passes The cable 3 is connected to the antenna radiator 2 of the trailing edge cover, and the radiator 2 of the antenna of the trailing edge cover includes a radiator 4 and an impedance matching box 5, and the impedance matching box 5 includes a housing 7, and the inside of the housing 7 is A matching network 6 is provided, a cover plate 8 is fixed on the upper port of the housing 7, a TNC type connector 16 is fixed on one side of the housing 7, the matching network 6 includes a printed board 17, and the printed The printed board 17 is provided with a first capacitor 18, a first inductor 19, a second inductor 20 and a second capacitor 21, and the printed board 17 is provided with an output terminal 22 and an input terminal 23, and the output terminal 22 is connected to the The trailing edge cover antenna radiator 2 is welded with a small section wire, and the input terminal 23 is connected in series with the first capacitor 18 , in parallel with the first inductor 19 , in series with the second inductor 20 , and the second capacitor 21 .
本实施例中,所述阻抗匹配盒5采用耐腐蚀密度低的铝合金材料。In this embodiment, the impedance matching box 5 is made of an aluminum alloy material with low corrosion resistance density.
本实施例中,所述阻抗匹配盒5与所述辐射体4之间采用镶套连接。In this embodiment, the impedance matching box 5 and the radiator 4 are connected by nesting.
本实施例中,所述壳体7的上端口与所述盖板8之间设置有密封垫9。In this embodiment, a gasket 9 is provided between the upper port of the housing 7 and the cover plate 8 .
本实施例中,所述盖板8通过第一螺钉10、第一平垫圈12、第一弹簧垫圈14与所述壳体7固定连接。In this embodiment, the cover plate 8 is fixedly connected to the housing 7 through a first screw 10 , a first flat washer 12 , and a first spring washer 14 .
本实施例中,所述TNC型连接器16通过第二螺钉11、第二平垫圈13、第二弹簧垫圈15与所述壳体7固定连接。In this embodiment, the TNC connector 16 is fixedly connected to the housing 7 through the second screw 11 , the second flat washer 13 , and the second spring washer 15 .
本实施例中,所述第一电容18为43pF,第一电感19电感量为0.73 uH,第二电感20电感量为0.36 uH,第二电容21为6pF。In this embodiment, the first capacitor 18 is 43pF, the inductance of the first inductor 19 is 0.73 uH, the inductance of the second inductor 20 is 0.36 uH, and the second capacitor 21 is 6pF.
工作原理:该直升机超短波共形天线,由前缘罩天线辐射体1、后缘罩天线辐射体2及阻抗匹配盒5组成,前缘罩天线辐射体1与后缘罩天线辐射体2之间通过电缆3连接,应用了阻抗匹配原理;其中的阻抗匹配原理为:天线理论指出,当天线的输入阻抗与电台的输出阻抗相匹配时,高频能量全部被天线辐射,馈线上只有入射波,没有反射波。不匹配时,也就是天线阻抗不等于馈线特性阻抗时,天线就不能全部将馈线上传输的高频能量吸收,而只能吸收部分能量。入射波的一部分能量反射回来形成反射波。其结果是降低了发射机的有效功率,影响通信效果。Working principle: The helicopter ultrashort wave conformal antenna is composed of the leading edge cover antenna radiator 1, the trailing edge cover antenna radiator 2 and the impedance matching box 5, and the front edge cover antenna radiator 1 and the trailing edge cover antenna radiator 2 are formed Connected through the cable 3, the principle of impedance matching is applied; the principle of impedance matching is as follows: the antenna theory points out that when the input impedance of the antenna matches the output impedance of the station, all high-frequency energy is radiated by the antenna, and there are only incident waves on the feeder. There are no reflected waves. When there is a mismatch, that is, when the antenna impedance is not equal to the characteristic impedance of the feeder, the antenna cannot absorb all the high-frequency energy transmitted on the feeder, but can only absorb part of the energy. A portion of the energy of the incident wave is reflected back to form the reflected wave. As a result, the effective power of the transmitter is reduced, which affects the communication effect.
本申请在天线中的后缘罩天线辐射体2安装阻抗匹配盒5,该天线采用了无耗匹配网络加载,改善了天线阻抗特性,使全频段的阻抗特性趋于平缓;减小电抗分量,增加电阻分量,既展宽了天线带宽,也实现了天线的小型化,加载后天线不仅具有良好的匹配宽带和辐射特性,而且增大了电流有效路径,大大降低了天线的整体尺寸;基于上述原理,本发明的有益效果为:前缘罩天线辐射体1和后缘罩天线辐射体2通过电缆3连接,采用中部馈电模式,利用Advanced Design System 2009设计阻抗匹配网络。选用具有良好线性特性和耐高功率容量的器件,以解决在工作频带范围内的阻抗匹配、噪声干扰、功率容量、频率响应的线性度等问题,实现在工作频带范围内的指标要求。整个天线包括:前缘罩天线辐射体1、后缘罩天线辐射体2及阻抗匹配盒5,该申请中共形天线辐射体为矩形偶极子天线的进一步变形,通过调整矩形偶极子的长宽比获得更平滑的增益曲线以及良好的阻抗带宽,同时,将偶极子的上振子进行折合延伸,覆盖至尾翼另一边缘,可明显提高另一边缘方向的辐射效能。另一方面,对天线进行集总参数加载,使全频段的阻抗特性趋于平缓,进而实现天线的宽频化。将前缘罩天线辐射体1和后缘罩天线辐射体2两部分作为天线辐射体组件,在后缘罩天线辐射体2安装阻抗匹配盒5,其次,后缘罩天线辐射体2与后缘罩天线辐射体2电搭接部位及馈电部位采取镶套的办法,将辐射体铺设在复合材料内部,与罩子共形,这样各电搭接部位及馈电部位,能够通过螺装固定,方便了维护及适装性,提高了可靠性,同时避免了上述焊接对前、后罩强度的影响。对镶套、支柱、匹配盒材料选用及涂镀处理,提高环境适应性。The application installs an impedance matching box 5 on the rear edge cover antenna radiator 2 in the antenna. The antenna is loaded with a lossless matching network, which improves the antenna impedance characteristics and makes the impedance characteristics of the whole frequency band tend to be gentle; reduces the reactance component, Increasing the resistance component not only widens the bandwidth of the antenna, but also realizes the miniaturization of the antenna. After loading, the antenna not only has good matching broadband and radiation characteristics, but also increases the effective path of the current and greatly reduces the overall size of the antenna; based on the above principles , the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the leading edge dome antenna radiator 1 and the trailing edge dome antenna radiator 2 are connected through a cable 3, the central feeding mode is adopted, and the impedance matching network is designed using Advanced Design System 2009. Devices with good linear characteristics and high power capacity are selected to solve problems such as impedance matching, noise interference, power capacity, and frequency response linearity within the operating frequency band, and to achieve the index requirements within the operating frequency band. The whole antenna includes: a leading edge cover antenna radiator 1, a trailing edge cover antenna radiator 2 and an impedance matching box 5. In this application, the conformal antenna radiator is a further deformation of a rectangular dipole antenna. By adjusting the length of the rectangular dipole The wide ratio obtains a smoother gain curve and a good impedance bandwidth. At the same time, the upper dipole dipole is folded and extended to cover the other edge of the empennage, which can significantly improve the radiation efficiency in the direction of the other edge. On the other hand, the lumped parameter loading of the antenna makes the impedance characteristics of the whole frequency band tend to be flat, and then realizes the broadband of the antenna. The antenna radiator 1 of the front edge cover and the antenna radiator 2 of the rear edge cover are used as the antenna radiator assembly, and the impedance matching box 5 is installed on the antenna radiator 2 of the rear edge cover. Secondly, the antenna radiator 2 of the rear edge cover and the rear edge cover The cover antenna radiator 2 adopts the method of inlaying the electric overlapping part and the feeding part, laying the radiator inside the composite material, conforming to the cover, so that each electric overlapping part and feeding part can be fixed by screws, The maintenance and suitability are facilitated, the reliability is improved, and the influence of the above-mentioned welding on the strength of the front and rear covers is avoided at the same time. Material selection and coating treatment for inserts, pillars, and matching boxes to improve environmental adaptability.
以上公开的仅为本发明的具体实施例,但是,本发明实施例并非局限于此,任何本领域的技术人员能思之的变化都应落入本发明的保护范围。The above disclosures are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any changes conceivable by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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