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CN110566937B - A steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reduction device and method - Google Patents

A steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reduction device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110566937B
CN110566937B CN201910934388.5A CN201910934388A CN110566937B CN 110566937 B CN110566937 B CN 110566937B CN 201910934388 A CN201910934388 A CN 201910934388A CN 110566937 B CN110566937 B CN 110566937B
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steam
temperature
pressure
receiving chamber
outlet
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CN110566937A (en
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张锡乾
吴冲
卫平波
杨彭飞
耿宣
李志锋
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China Huadian Engineering Group Co Ltd
Huadian Environmental Protection Engineering and Technology Co Ltd
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China Huadian Engineering Group Co Ltd
Huadian Environmental Protection Engineering and Technology Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22GSUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G5/00Controlling superheat temperature
    • F22G5/12Controlling superheat temperature by attemperating the superheated steam, e.g. by injected water sprays
    • F22G5/123Water injection apparatus

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reduction device and method, which comprises a high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet pipeline 1, a temperature reduction water inlet pipeline 2, a rotary atomizer 3, a Laval nozzle 4, a receiving chamber 8, a mixing pipe 10 and a diffusion pipe 12, wherein the outlet of the high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet pipeline 1 is connected with the Laval nozzle 4, the outlet of the temperature reduction water inlet pipeline 2 is connected with the rotary atomizer 3, the outlet of the rotary atomizer 3 and the outlet of the Laval nozzle 4 are both communicated with one end of the receiving chamber 8, and the other end of the receiving chamber 8 is sequentially connected with the mixing pipe 10 and the diffusion pipe 12. The invention reduces the temperature and the pressure of the steam, effectively shortens the mixing time of the steam and the water, shortens the lengths of the mixing pipe and the diffusion pipe, and reduces the operation cost and the energy consumption.

Description

Steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reducing device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steam temperature and pressure reduction, in particular to a steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reduction device and method with low energy consumption.
Background
The temperature and pressure reducer is used for reducing high-temperature and high-pressure steam into low-pressure and low-temperature superheated steam or saturated steam which can meet the requirements of equipment. The denitration urea hydrolyzer of the thermal power plant is taken as an example, the steam required by the hydrolyzer is about 0.7MPa and 165 ℃, but the auxiliary steam of the boiler of the power plant is basically 0.8-3.0MPa and the temperature is basically 280-350 ℃, if the high-temperature high-pressure steam directly enters the urea hydrolyzer, the malfunction of the hydrolyzer equipment and even the hydrolysis equipment can be caused, the service life of the hydrolyzer is greatly shortened, meanwhile, urea can not be completely decomposed into ammonia and carbon dioxide, the waste of urea resources is caused, and the efficiency of the hydrolyzer is reduced. Taking the outlet steam of the superheater of the boiler of the thermal power plant as an example, the steam generated by the boiler is further heated by the superheater and then enters the steam turbine to do work, but the steam turbine is sensitive to the temperature and the pressure of the steam, if the steam parameter is greater than the upper limit of the steam parameter required by the steam turbine, the steam turbine is damaged, and meanwhile, the potential safety hazard is also caused. The temperature and pressure must be reduced to within a suitable range by means of a temperature and pressure reducing device.
The traditional temperature and pressure reducing device has the problems of small flow adjustable range, large noise vibration and the like, and also has the problems of complex structure, large volume, high precision requirement of components, high energy consumption of system operation and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reduction device and a steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reduction method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reduction device comprises a high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet pipeline, a temperature reduction water inlet pipeline, a rotary atomizer, a Laval nozzle, a receiving chamber, a mixing pipe and a diffusion pipe, wherein an outlet of the high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet pipeline is connected with the Laval nozzle, an outlet of the temperature reduction water inlet pipeline is connected with the rotary atomizer, an outlet of the rotary atomizer and an outlet of the Laval nozzle are both communicated with one end of the receiving chamber, and the other end of the receiving chamber is sequentially connected with the mixing pipe and the diffusion pipe.
The steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reducing device is characterized in that the rotary atomizer consists of a plurality of guide vanes, an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, wherein the rotation directions and angles of the guide vanes are the same.
In the steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reducing device, the included angle between the guide vane and the axis of the rotary atomizer is 15-75 degrees.
In the steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reduction device, the whole of the receiving chamber, the mixing pipe and the diffusion pipe is in a Laval pipe form.
The steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reduction method adopts the steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reduction device and comprises the following steps:
s1, high-temperature high-pressure steam enters a Laval nozzle through a high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet pipeline, and a low-pressure and backflow area is formed in a receiving chamber after being sprayed out;
s2, enabling the desuperheating water to enter a rotary atomizer through a desuperheating water inlet pipeline to be atomized into small liquid drops, rotating at a high speed around a Laval nozzle, and enabling the small liquid drops to be ejected into a receiving chamber due to the low pressure formed in the step S1;
s3, the steam sprayed out of the nozzle and the small drops of the temperature reduction water in the step S2 are contacted and mixed in a backflow area of the receiving chamber to exchange heat, and the high-temperature and high-pressure steam is changed into the superheated steam with relatively low temperature and pressure;
S4, enabling the mixture of the small droplets of the temperature-reduced water and the superheated steam generated in the step S3 to enter a mixing pipe from a receiving chamber for further mixed heat transfer, so that the temperature of the steam is further reduced;
And S5, the steam generated in the step S4 enters the diffusion pipe from the mixing pipe, the steam speed is reduced, the pressure is increased, and the steam suitable for use is formed.
The reduced-temperature water droplets are evaporated in the receiving chamber, evaporated in the mixing tube, and cooled by high-temperature high-pressure steam through a secondary evaporation process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the rotary atomizer is used for atomizing the desuperheating water, so that the structure is simple and stable, the number of desuperheating water inlets and corresponding pipeline connection are reduced, and the number of desuperheating water atomization devices is reduced;
Because the receiving chamber has a reflux area, the contact time of the steam and the temperature-reducing water in the receiving chamber is prolonged, the heat transfer effect is better, the temperature reduction and the pressure reduction can be realized in a short time and a short distance, and the temperature and the pressure are close to design values when the steam and the temperature-reducing water mixture enters the mixing pipe, so that the lengths of the mixing pipe and the diffusion pipe can be shortened; the invention utilizes the property of the Laval pipe that the pressure of the steam is reduced and the flow speed is increased, so that the steam and the temperature-reducing water droplets are vigorously mixed in the receiving chamber and the mixing pipe, and are fully contacted to carry out strong energy and momentum conversion, thereby effectively shortening the mixing time of the steam and the water and shortening the lengths of the mixing pipe and the diffusion pipe;
According to the invention, the flow of high-temperature high-pressure steam can be regulated by regulating the size of the Laval nozzle, and the flow of the desuperheating water is regulated, so that the final steam temperature and pressure are accurately reduced to the design value, the desuperheating and depressurizing precision is improved, and the adjustable range of the steam flow is also increased;
the steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reduction method is adopted, the pressure reduction and temperature reduction processes are carried out in the device at the same time, and compared with the mode of reducing pressure and then reducing temperature, the operation flow is simplified;
The steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reduction method simplifies the whole structure of the temperature and pressure reduction device, reduces the use of accessories with complex structures and auxiliary devices for the temperature and pressure reduction process, has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, small external dimension and small occupied space of the device after installation, and simultaneously has the advantages of simple structure, stable operation, convenient overhaul and maintenance and reduced operation cost and energy consumption because no mechanical transmission part exists in the device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a temperature and pressure reducing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a preferred structure of the rotary atomizer of the present invention.
Reference numerals 1-high temperature and high pressure steam inlet pipe, 2-desuperheating water inlet pipe, 3-rotary atomizer, 4-Laval nozzle, 5-Laval nozzle throat, 6-Laval nozzle outlet section, 7-reflux zone, 8-receiving chamber, 9-receiving chamber and mixing pipe interface, 10-mixing pipe, 11-mixing pipe and diffuser pipe interface, 12-diffuser pipe, 13-diffuser pipe outlet interface, 14-guide vane, 15-outer cylinder, 16-inner cylinder, A-high temperature and high pressure steam inlet, B-desuperheating water inlet, C-steam outlet.
Detailed Description
The embodiment 1 of the invention is as shown in figure 1, and the steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reducing device comprises a high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet pipeline 1, a temperature reducing water inlet pipeline 2, a rotary atomizer 3, a Laval nozzle 4, a receiving chamber 8, a mixing pipe 10 and a diffusion pipe 12, wherein the outlet of the high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet pipeline 1 is connected with the Laval nozzle 4, the outlet of the temperature reducing water inlet pipeline 2 is connected with the rotary atomizer 3, the outlet of the rotary atomizer 3 and the outlet of the Laval nozzle 4 are both communicated with one end of the receiving chamber 8, the other end of the receiving chamber 8 is sequentially connected with the mixing pipe 10 and the diffusion pipe 12, and the whole of the receiving chamber 8, the mixing pipe 10 and the diffusion pipe 12 is in a Laval pipe form. Wherein the outlet cross section 6 of the laval nozzle 4 may be arranged in the receiving chamber 8.
Embodiment 2 As shown in fig. 1, the steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reduction device comprises a high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet pipeline 1, a temperature reduction water inlet pipeline 2, a rotary atomizer 3, a Laval nozzle 4, a receiving chamber 8, a mixing pipe 10 and a diffusion pipe 12, wherein the outlet of the high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet pipeline 1 is connected with the Laval nozzle 4, the outlet of the temperature reduction water inlet pipeline 2 is connected with the rotary atomizer 3, the outlet of the rotary atomizer 3 and the outlet of the Laval nozzle 4 are both communicated with one end of the receiving chamber 8, and the other end of the receiving chamber 8 is sequentially connected with the mixing pipe 10 and the diffusion pipe 12. Wherein the outlet cross section 6 of the laval nozzle 4 may be arranged before the inlet of the receiving chamber 8.
Embodiment 3 As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reducing device comprises a high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet pipeline 1, a temperature reducing water inlet pipeline 2, a rotary atomizer 3, a Laval nozzle 4, a receiving chamber 8, a mixing pipe 10 and a diffusion pipe 12, wherein the outlet of the high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet pipeline 1 is connected with the Laval nozzle 4, the outlet of the temperature reducing water inlet pipeline 2 is connected with the rotary atomizer 3, the outlet of the rotary atomizer 3 and the outlet of the Laval nozzle 4 are both communicated with one end of the receiving chamber 8, the other end of the receiving chamber 8 is sequentially connected with the mixing pipe 10 and the diffusion pipe 12, the rotary atomizer 3 consists of a plurality of guide vanes 14 with the same rotation direction and angle, an outer cylinder 15 and an inner cylinder 16, and the included angle between the guide vanes 14 and the axis of the rotary atomizer 3 is 15-40 degrees.
The larger the angle between the guide vane 14 and the axis of the rotary atomizer 3 is, the better the atomization effect is, but the larger the angle is, the larger the resistance is, so that the proper angle is comprehensively selected according to working conditions.
Embodiment 4 as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reducing device comprises a high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet pipeline 1, a temperature reducing water inlet pipeline 2, a rotary atomizer 3, a Laval nozzle 4, a receiving chamber 8, a mixing pipe 10 and a diffusion pipe 12, wherein an outlet of the high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet pipeline 1 is connected with the Laval nozzle 4, an outlet of the temperature reducing water inlet pipeline 2 is connected with the rotary atomizer 3, an outlet of the rotary atomizer 3 and an outlet of the Laval nozzle 4 are both communicated with one end of the receiving chamber 8, the other end of the receiving chamber 8 is sequentially connected with the mixing pipe 10 and the diffusion pipe 12, the rotary atomizer 3 consists of a plurality of guide vanes 14 with the same rotation direction and angle, an outer cylinder 15 and an inner cylinder 16, an included angle between the guide vanes and an axis of the rotary atomizer is 50-75 degrees, and the whole of the receiving chamber 8, the mixing pipe 10 and the diffusion pipe 12 is in the form of Laval pipe.
Embodiment 5 As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reducing device comprises a high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet pipeline 1, a temperature reducing water inlet pipeline 2, a rotary atomizer 3, a Laval nozzle 4, a receiving chamber 8, a mixing pipe 10 and a diffusion pipe 12, wherein the outlet of the high-temperature high-pressure steam inlet pipeline 1 is connected with the Laval nozzle 4, the outlet of the temperature reducing water inlet pipeline 2 is connected with the rotary atomizer 3, the outlet of the rotary atomizer 3 and the outlet of the Laval nozzle 4 are both communicated with one end of the receiving chamber 8, the other end of the receiving chamber 8 is sequentially connected with the mixing pipe 10 and the diffusion pipe 12, the rotary atomizer 3 consists of a plurality of guide vanes 14 with the same rotation direction and angle, an outer cylinder 15 and an inner cylinder 16, and the included angle between the guide vanes and the axis of the rotary atomizer is 35-55 degrees.
Embodiment 6A steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reduction method adopts a steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reduction device shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
S1, high-temperature and high-pressure steam enters a Laval nozzle 4 through a high-temperature and high-pressure steam inlet pipeline 1, and a low-pressure and backflow area 7 is formed in a receiving chamber 8 after being sprayed by utilizing the property that the pressure of the steam is reduced and the flow speed is increased by utilizing a Laval pipe;
s2, enabling the desuperheating water to enter a rotary atomizer 3 through a desuperheating water inlet pipeline 2 to be atomized into small liquid drops, rotating at a high speed around a Laval nozzle 4, and enabling the small liquid drops to be ejected into a receiving chamber 8 due to the low pressure formed in the step S1;
The steam sprayed by the S3 nozzle and the small droplets of the temperature reduction water in the step S2 are contacted and mixed in the reflux zone 7 of the receiving chamber 8 to exchange heat, part of the small droplets of the temperature reduction water are evaporated, and the high-temperature high-pressure steam is changed into the superheated steam with relatively low temperature and pressure;
Because the reflux zone 7 exists in the receiving chamber 8, the steam and the temperature-reducing water are fully contacted and heat-exchanged in the receiving chamber 8, and the heat transfer effect is better, so that the temperature reduction and the pressure reduction can be realized in a short time and a short distance;
S4, enabling the mixture of the desuperheating water droplets and the superheated steam generated in the step S3 to enter a mixing pipe 10 from a receiving chamber 8 for further mixed heat transfer, and enabling the desuperheating water droplets to be evaporated continuously, so that the temperature of the steam is further reduced;
s5, the steam generated in the step S4 enters the diffusion pipe 12 from the mixing pipe 10, the steam speed is reduced, the pressure is increased, and steam suitable for use is formed;
as the steam and reduced temperature water mixture enters the mixing tube 10, the temperature and pressure are already near the design values and therefore pass through the shorter length diffuser tube 12. The length of the mixing tube 10 and diffuser tube 12 is primarily determined by the amount of steam designed.
The working principle of one embodiment of the invention is as follows:
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam P P first enters the laval nozzle 4 from the high-temperature and high-pressure steam inlet pipe 1, the pressure of the steam is reduced from P P to the same pressure as the pressure P h of the desuperheating water inlet by the laval nozzle, the flow speed of the steam is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the desuperheating water is atomized into small droplets by the centrifugal force after passing through the rotary atomizer 3, and the droplets rotate at a high speed around the laval nozzle 4.
After the steam has passed through the nozzle, entrainment of droplets of desuperheating water proceeds and the mixture fills the entire cross-section at the steam inlet in the receiving chamber 8. As the steam-water mixture increases from the nozzle outlet section, the steam pressure at the outlet of the receiving chamber 8 is reduced to P 2, and meanwhile, low pressure is formed in the receiving chamber 8, so that the desuperheating water is injected into the receiving chamber 8, and as the steam speed is higher, a reflux zone 7 is formed in the receiving chamber 8, so that the steam and desuperheating water droplets are fully contacted, the energy and momentum conversion between the steam and the droplets is enhanced, the desuperheating water is rapidly evaporated, the steam temperature is rapidly reduced, the heat transfer effect is better, and therefore, the desuperheating and the depressurizing can be realized in a short time and a short distance, and the mixing distance is greatly shortened. The partially dehumidified water is evaporated in the receiving chamber 8, and the high-temperature high-pressure steam is changed into superheated steam having a relatively low temperature and pressure.
Since the pressure P 2 at the outlet of the receiving chamber 8 is lower than the pressure P h at the inlet of the desuperheated water, the steam-water mixture enters the mixing pipe 10 under the pressure difference and entrainment of high-speed steam. The receiving chamber 8, the mixing pipe 10 and the diffusion pipe 12 are in the form of Laval pipes, so that the steam-water mixture is vigorously mixed in the mixing pipe 10, energy and momentum exchange is carried out, the droplets of the desuperheating water are basically completely evaporated with pressure rise, the pressure of the steam-water mixture is raised to P 3 at the outlet of the mixing pipe 10, the steam temperature is further reduced, and meanwhile, the velocity field gradually tends to be balanced.
After the steam enters the diffuser pipe 12 from the mixing pipe 10, the cross section of the diffuser pipe 12 gradually becomes larger, the steam speed gradually decreases, the pressure further rises to P c, the temperature further decreases, and finally, the steam suitable for corresponding equipment is formed at the outlet of the diffuser pipe 12.
After passing through the temperature and pressure reducing device, the pressure of high-temperature and high-pressure steam is reduced from P P to P c, the temperature and pressure reducing water is completely evaporated, and finally the steam subjected to temperature and pressure reduction is output from the diffusion pipe 12 at a certain temperature and pressure.

Claims (3)

1.一种汽水引射式减温减压方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:1. A steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reduction method, characterized in that the steps are as follows: 所述方法采用汽水引射式减温减压装置,包括高温高压蒸汽入口管道(1)、减温水入口管道(2)、旋转雾化器(3)、拉法尔喷嘴(4)、接收室(8)、混合管(10)和扩压管(12);所述高温高压蒸汽入口管道(1)的出口与拉法尔喷嘴(4)连接,所述减温水入口管道(2)的出口与旋转雾化器(3)相连,所述旋转雾化器(3)的出口和拉法尔喷嘴(4)的出口均与接收室(8)的一端相连通;所述接收室(8)另一端依次与混合管(10)和扩压管(12)相连接;所述旋转雾化器(3)由若干个旋向和角度相同的导流叶片(14)、外圆柱筒(15)和内圆柱筒(16)构成;The method adopts a steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reduction device, comprising a high-temperature and high-pressure steam inlet pipe (1), a temperature-reducing water inlet pipe (2), a rotary atomizer (3), a Rafale nozzle (4), a receiving chamber (8), a mixing tube (10) and a diffuser (12); the outlet of the high-temperature and high-pressure steam inlet pipe (1) is connected to the Rafale nozzle (4), the outlet of the temperature-reducing water inlet pipe (2) is connected to the rotary atomizer (3), the outlet of the rotary atomizer (3) and the outlet of the Rafale nozzle (4) are both connected to one end of the receiving chamber (8); the other end of the receiving chamber (8) is connected to the mixing tube (10) and the diffuser (12) in sequence; the rotary atomizer (3) is composed of a plurality of guide blades (14) having the same rotation direction and angle, an outer cylindrical tube (15) and an inner cylindrical tube (16); S1 高温高压蒸汽通过高温高压蒸汽入口管道(1)进入拉法尔喷嘴(4),喷出后在接收室(8)内形成低压和回流区(7);S1 High-temperature and high-pressure steam enters the Laval nozzle (4) through the high-temperature and high-pressure steam inlet pipe (1), and after being ejected, forms a low-pressure and reflow zone (7) in the receiving chamber (8); S2 减温水通过减温水入口管道(2)进入旋转雾化器(3)雾化成小液滴,在拉法尔喷嘴(4)的周边高速旋转,由于步骤S1中形成的低压,所述小液滴被引射进入接收室(8);S2 The desuperheated water enters the rotary atomizer (3) through the desuperheated water inlet pipe (2) and is atomized into small droplets, which rotate at high speed around the Rafale nozzle (4). Due to the low pressure formed in step S1, the small droplets are ejected into the receiving chamber (8); S3 喷嘴喷出的蒸汽和步骤S2中的减温水小液滴在接收室(8)的回流区(7)中接触混合,进行换热,高温高压蒸汽变为温度和压力均相对较低的过热蒸汽;S3 The steam sprayed from the nozzle and the small droplets of desuperheated water in step S2 are contacted and mixed in the reflux zone (7) of the receiving chamber (8) to exchange heat, and the high-temperature and high-pressure steam is converted into superheated steam with relatively low temperature and pressure; S4 步骤S3中产生的减温水小液滴和过热蒸汽的混合物从接收室(8)进入混合管(10)进一步混合传热,从而进一步降低蒸汽的温度;S4: The mixture of the desuperheated water droplets and the superheated steam generated in step S3 enters the mixing pipe (10) from the receiving chamber (8) for further mixing and heat transfer, thereby further reducing the temperature of the steam; S5 步骤S4中产生的蒸汽从混合管(10)进入扩压管(12),蒸汽速度减小,压力升高,形成适合使用的蒸汽。S5 The steam generated in step S4 enters the diffuser tube (12) from the mixing tube (10), the steam velocity decreases, the pressure increases, and steam suitable for use is formed. 2.根据权利要求1所述的汽水引射式减温减压方法,其特征在于:所述汽水引射式减温减压装置的导流叶片(14)与旋转雾化器(3)的轴线夹角为15°-75°。2. The steam-water injection type cooling and decompression method according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle between the guide vane (14) of the steam-water injection type cooling and decompression device and the axis of the rotary atomizer (3) is 15°-75°. 3.根据权利要求1所述的汽水引射式减温减压方法,其特征在于:所述汽水引射式减温减压装置的接收室(8)、混合管(10)以及扩压管(12)的整体呈拉法尔管形式。3. The steam-water injection type cooling and pressure reduction method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the receiving chamber (8), mixing tube (10) and diffuser tube (12) of the steam-water injection type cooling and pressure reduction device are in the form of a Rafale tube as a whole.
CN201910934388.5A 2019-09-29 2019-09-29 A steam-water injection type temperature and pressure reduction device and method Active CN110566937B (en)

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CN112856384B (en) * 2021-01-11 2022-10-14 内蒙古工业大学 A self-protecting desuperheating water conditioning device
CN117167660A (en) * 2023-08-21 2023-12-05 宁国雅飞机械制造有限公司 Temperature and pressure reducing device
CN118189057B (en) * 2024-05-17 2025-04-25 艾坦姆流体控制技术(山东)有限公司 Heat tracing temperature and pressure reducing device for pipeline

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