CN110541783A - A Floating Breakwater-Ocean Energy Device Integrated System - Google Patents
A Floating Breakwater-Ocean Energy Device Integrated System Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
- E02B3/062—Constructions floating in operational condition, e.g. breakwaters or wave dissipating walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B9/00—Water-power plants; Layout, construction or equipment, methods of, or apparatus for, making same
- E02B9/08—Tide or wave power plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
- F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
- F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2220/00—Application
- F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
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- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明一种浮式防波堤‑海洋能装置集成系统，包括防波堤、浮子、水轮机和锚泊系统；所述防波堤迎浪侧的上部设置有波能发电系统，所述浮子通过传动杆与波能发电系统连接，所述防波堤的下部还设置有海流发电系统，所述水轮机通过支撑臂与海流发电系统连接，所述锚泊系统包括锚链和与锚链连接的锚，所述锚链成八字形固定在防波堤的两侧，锚固定在海底。本发明可以实现多种海洋能装备与常用传统海工建筑物的集成应用，实现海工结构的功能多元化，同时可以达到多种装备成本共享和空间共享的目的，促进海洋能装备的工程化应用。
The present invention is a floating breakwater-ocean energy device integrated system, comprising a breakwater, a float, a water turbine and an anchoring system; the upper part of the breakwater on the wave-facing side is provided with a wave energy generation system, and the float communicates with the wave energy generation system through a transmission rod connected, the lower part of the breakwater is also provided with an ocean current power generation system, and the water turbine is connected to the ocean current power generation system through a support arm. The mooring system includes an anchor chain and an anchor connected with the anchor chain, and the anchor chain is fixed on the On both sides of the breakwater, anchors are anchored to the seabed. The present invention can realize the integrated application of various marine energy equipment and commonly used traditional marine engineering structures, realize the diversification of functions of marine engineering structures, and at the same time achieve the purpose of cost sharing and space sharing of various equipment, and promote the engineering of marine energy equipment application.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种海洋能装置集成系统，尤其涉及一种浮式防波堤-海洋能装置集成系统，属于新能源利用技术。The invention relates to an integrated system of ocean energy devices, in particular to a floating breakwater-ocean energy device integrated system, which belongs to new energy utilization technology.
背景技术Background technique
在当今世界，随着一次性能源逐渐枯竭，环境污染的日益加剧，人们把目光越来越多的投向了清洁的可再生能源的开发与利用。海洋能是海洋可再生能源的重要组成部分，是一种清洁的可再生能源。占地球表面积71％的海洋蕴藏着巨大的波浪能和海流能，目前，人们已开发出数以千计的形式各异的波浪能发电装置和海流能发电装置。In today's world, with the gradual depletion of disposable energy and the increasing environmental pollution, people are paying more and more attention to the development and utilization of clean and renewable energy. Ocean energy is an important part of marine renewable energy and a clean renewable energy. The ocean, which accounts for 71% of the earth's surface area, contains huge wave energy and ocean current energy. At present, people have developed thousands of wave energy generators and ocean current generators in various forms.
伴随着海洋能开发技术的日益成熟，然而昂贵的基础设施建造成本成为了阻碍海洋能开发利用的一大瓶颈。另外，装置在恶劣海况下较差的生存能力是阻碍其商业化运行的又一大障碍。因此，降低海洋能装置的建造成本和提高其恶劣海况下的生存能力，是海洋能开发利用的关键。而多元化和综合利用则是节省海洋能装备建造成本的有效途径。此外，对于我国的海域来说其波能流密度较小，显著提高波浪能装置的效率对于波浪能装置的工程化应用尤为重要。对于结合防波堤等港、海设施建造波能发电站，可以节省其支撑设备的建造成本。对于海流能发电装置而言，将水轮机安装于现有海工结构(如防波堤等)可节省支撑结构的相关造价，进而显著提高其经济性。With the increasing maturity of ocean energy development technology, the expensive infrastructure construction cost has become a major bottleneck hindering the development and utilization of ocean energy. In addition, the poor survivability of the device in harsh sea conditions is another major obstacle hindering its commercial operation. Therefore, reducing the construction cost of ocean energy devices and improving their survivability under harsh sea conditions is the key to the development and utilization of ocean energy. Diversification and comprehensive utilization are effective ways to save the cost of marine energy equipment construction. In addition, for my country's sea areas, the wave energy flow density is relatively small, and it is particularly important for the engineering application of wave energy devices to significantly improve the efficiency of wave energy devices. For the construction of wave energy power stations combined with breakwaters and other port and sea facilities, the construction cost of supporting equipment can be saved. For ocean current power generation devices, installing the turbines on existing offshore structures (such as breakwaters, etc.) can save the cost of supporting structures, thereby significantly improving its economy.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了实现多种海洋能装备与常用传统海工建筑物的集成应用，实现海工结构的功能多元化，同时可以达到多种装备成本共享和空间共享的目的而提供一种浮式防波堤-海洋能装置集成系统。The purpose of the present invention is to realize the integrated application of a variety of ocean energy equipment and commonly used traditional marine structures, realize the diversification of functions of marine structures, and at the same time achieve the purpose of cost sharing and space sharing of various equipment to provide a floating type breakwater-ocean energy device integrated system.
本发明的目的是这样实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:
一种浮式防波堤-海洋能装置集成系统，包括防波堤、浮子、水轮机和锚泊系统；所述防波堤迎浪侧的上部设置有波能发电系统，所述浮子通过传动杆与波能发电系统连接，所述防波堤的下部还设置有海流发电系统，所述水轮机通过支撑臂与海流发电系统连接，所述锚泊系统包括锚链和与锚链连接的锚，所述锚链成八字形固定在防波堤的两侧，锚固定在海底A floating breakwater-ocean energy device integrated system, including a breakwater, a float, a water turbine and an anchoring system; the upper part of the breakwater on the wave-facing side is provided with a wave energy generation system, and the float is connected to the wave energy generation system through a transmission rod, The lower part of the breakwater is also provided with an ocean current power generation system, and the water turbine is connected to the ocean current power generation system through a support arm. The mooring system includes an anchor chain and an anchor connected with the anchor chain. On both sides, anchored to the seabed
本发明还包括这样一些特征：The present invention also includes such features:
1.所述防波堤迎浪侧为弧形墙，所述弧形墙设置有水平透空板；1. The wave-facing side of the breakwater is an arc-shaped wall, and the arc-shaped wall is provided with a horizontal air-permeable plate;
2.所述浮子上设置有压载水泵；2. The float is provided with a ballast water pump;
3.所述浮子为圆柱形，且成一字型阵列排布，所述水轮机成阵列排布；3. The floats are cylindrical and arranged in a straight array, and the water turbines are arranged in an array;
4.所述防波堤的长度大于防波堤的宽度，所述防波堤的长度为垂直于入射波方向，所述防波堤的宽度为平行于入射波方向；4. The length of the breakwater is greater than the width of the breakwater, the length of the breakwater is perpendicular to the direction of the incident wave, and the width of the breakwater is parallel to the direction of the incident wave;
5.所述波能发电系统和海流发电系统的发电设备是液压发电设备或电磁发电机。5. The power generation equipment of the wave energy power generation system and the ocean current power generation system is a hydraulic power generation device or an electromagnetic generator.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
采用方形浮箱作为基础结构，结构形式简单，该型结构物可以作为防波堤装置，防波堤的主体的迎浪侧设有特殊的弧形墙并配有透空消能结构，该特点可有效减小波浪爬高以及越浪，有利于提高结构的稳定性结构；并在恶劣海况下，浮子可潜没于水中，避免波浪的抨击，提高浮子在恶劣海况下的生存能力；阵列浮子位于防波堤的前侧，其流场环境为入射波和反射波的叠加，能够显著提高装置的发电效率；防波堤主体下部布置有阵列的水轮机，可实现海流能利用，防波堤的主体可作为水轮机的支撑结构。该新型结构集浮式防波堤、波浪能装置、海流能装置于一体，实现海工结构的功能多元化，该集成化设计可有效降低工程建造成本。The square floating box is used as the basic structure, and the structure is simple. This type of structure can be used as a breakwater device. The main body of the breakwater is equipped with a special arc-shaped wall and a hollow energy dissipation structure on the wave-facing side. This feature can effectively reduce the The wave climbs up and over the waves, which is conducive to improving the stability of the structure; and in severe sea conditions, the floats can be submerged in the water to avoid the impact of waves and improve the survivability of the floats in severe sea conditions; the array floats are located in front of the breakwater On the side, the flow field environment is the superposition of incident waves and reflected waves, which can significantly improve the power generation efficiency of the device; an array of water turbines is arranged at the lower part of the main body of the breakwater, which can realize the utilization of ocean current energy, and the main body of the breakwater can be used as a supporting structure for the water turbine. The new structure integrates floating breakwater, wave energy device, and ocean current energy device to realize the diversification of functions of the marine structure. This integrated design can effectively reduce the construction cost of the project.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构剖面图；Fig. 1 is a structural sectional view of the present invention;
图2是本发明的结构俯视图；Fig. 2 is a structural top view of the present invention;
图3是本发明的防波堤及置于底部的水轮机的示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the breakwater and the water turbine placed at the bottom of the present invention.
其中：1为防波堤、2为浮子、3为水轮机、4为弧形墙、5为水平透空板、6为锚链、7为传动杆、8为支撑臂、9为波浪发电系统、10为海流发电系统、11为压载水泵。Among them: 1 is the breakwater, 2 is the float, 3 is the water turbine, 4 is the arc wall, 5 is the horizontal air-permeable plate, 6 is the anchor chain, 7 is the transmission rod, 8 is the support arm, 9 is the wave power generation system, 10 is Ocean current power generation system, 11 is a ballast water pump.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
本发明可以实现多种海洋能装备与常用传统海工建筑物的集成应用，实现海工结构的功能多元化，同时可以达到多种装备成本共享和空间共享的目的，促进海洋能装备的工程化应用。一种集成于浮式防波堤-海洋能装置集成系统，主要包括浮子2、水轮机3、防波堤1、和锚泊系统；采用传动杆7连接浮子2和波能发电系统9。防波堤主体的迎浪侧为上弧形结构，即弧形墙4；弧形墙设置多个水平透空板5，该结构特定有利于减小波浪爬高以及越浪。波能发电系统位于防波堤的上部迎浪侧，在波浪的作用下，浮子2与防波堤1存在明显的相对运动，进而驱动波能发电系统9进行发电；防波堤1下部设置水轮机3，采用支撑臂8将水轮机固定于防波堤1的底部，在潮流的作用下，水轮机驱动相关发电系统将海流能转化为电能；防波堤1通过锚链6系泊于海底，锚泊系统包括锚链6和锚。振荡浮子2呈“一”字形阵列布置于防波堤1的迎浪侧，振荡浮子2为“圆柱形”，且相对于波长来说其尺寸足够小，因此易于建造且浮子随波性较好。水轮机3布置于防波堤1主体的下方，并且为阵列布置，海流发电系统10位于防波堤1的底部，防波堤1主体可以充当水轮机3及其发电系统10的支撑结构，实现海流发电装置与浮式防波堤在基础建造成本上的共享。防波堤主体(1)采用锚链的系泊方式，锚链6的布置方式为“八”字形布置，不影响水轮机的正常工作，因此该结构可适用于较深水区域，可根据工程需要进行迁移。浮子2上设置有压载水泵11，当恶劣海况时，位于浮子上的压载水泵11可向浮子2加入压载水，使得浮子2潜没于水中，使得浮子2免受极端波浪的抨击，提高其在恶劣海况下的生存能力。波能发电系统和海流发电吸能的发电设备可以是液压发电设备，也可以是电磁发电机。防波堤的长度垂直于入射波方向明显大于其宽度平行于入射波方向，防波堤的具体长度根据实际工程需要进行确定。The present invention can realize the integrated application of various marine energy equipment and commonly used traditional marine engineering structures, realize the diversification of functions of marine engineering structures, and at the same time achieve the purpose of cost sharing and space sharing of various equipment, and promote the engineering of marine energy equipment application. An integrated floating breakwater-ocean energy device integrated system mainly includes a float 2, a water turbine 3, a breakwater 1, and an anchoring system; The wave-facing side of the main body of the breakwater is an upper arc-shaped structure, that is, an arc-shaped wall 4; the arc-shaped wall is provided with a plurality of horizontal air-permeable panels 5, and this structure is particularly beneficial to reducing wave climbing and overtaking. The wave energy generation system is located on the upper wave side of the breakwater. Under the action of waves, the buoy 2 and the breakwater 1 have obvious relative motion, which then drives the wave energy generation system 9 to generate electricity; The water turbine is fixed on the bottom of the breakwater 1, and under the action of the tidal current, the water turbine drives the relevant power generation system to convert the ocean current energy into electric energy; the breakwater 1 is moored to the seabed through the anchor chain 6, and the mooring system includes the anchor chain 6 and the anchor. The oscillating buoys 2 are arranged in a "one" array on the wave-facing side of the breakwater 1. The oscillating buoys 2 are "cylindrical" and relatively small in size relative to the wavelength, so they are easy to construct and have good wave compliance. The water turbine 3 is arranged below the main body of the breakwater 1, and is arranged in an array. The ocean current power generation system 10 is located at the bottom of the breakwater 1. The main body of the breakwater 1 can serve as a supporting structure for the water turbine 3 and its power generation system 10, so that the ocean current power generation device and the floating breakwater can be connected together. Sharing of base construction costs. The main body (1) of the breakwater adopts the anchor chain mooring method, and the anchor chain 6 is arranged in a "eight" shape, which does not affect the normal operation of the turbine. Therefore, this structure is applicable to relatively deep water areas and can be relocated according to engineering needs. The float 2 is provided with a ballast water pump 11. In bad sea conditions, the ballast water pump 11 on the float can add ballast water to the float 2, so that the float 2 is submerged in the water, so that the float 2 is protected from extreme waves. Improve its survivability in harsh sea conditions. The power generation equipment of the wave power generation system and the ocean current power generation and energy absorption can be a hydraulic power generation equipment or an electromagnetic generator. The length of the breakwater perpendicular to the direction of the incident wave is obviously greater than its width parallel to the direction of the incident wave. The specific length of the breakwater is determined according to the actual engineering needs.
一种浮式防波堤-海洋能装备集成系统，主要包括防波堤1、浮子2、波浪发电系统9、锚链6、水轮机3和海流发电系统10；防波堤1通过锚链6系泊于海底；在波浪的作用下，浮子2与防波堤1存在明显的相对运动，采用传动杆7连接浮子和波浪发电系统9，进而驱动发电系统9进行发电；水轮机3安装于浮式防波堤1的底部。A floating breakwater-ocean energy equipment integrated system, mainly including a breakwater 1, a float 2, a wave power generation system 9, an anchor chain 6, a water turbine 3, and an ocean current power generation system 10; the breakwater 1 is moored to the seabed through the anchor chain 6; Under the action of the buoy 2 and the breakwater 1, there is obvious relative movement, and the transmission rod 7 is used to connect the buoy and the wave power generation system 9, and then drive the power generation system 9 to generate electricity; the water turbine 3 is installed at the bottom of the floating breakwater 1.
作为优选，该集成系统较宜布置于15-50米水深的海域，防波堤1主体的长度垂直于入射浪方向远大于其宽度尺寸，其具体长度应视工程实际情况而定。防波堤的宽度约为8-10米，吃水约为3米左右，防波堤1主体迎浪侧设置有弧形墙，弧形墙的弧度以及高度视具体工程情况而定，可灵活变动。As a preference, the integrated system is preferably deployed in sea areas with a water depth of 15-50 meters. The length of the main body of the breakwater 1 perpendicular to the direction of incident waves is much larger than its width. The specific length should be determined according to the actual situation of the project. The width of the breakwater is about 8-10 meters, and the draft is about 3 meters. The main body of the breakwater 1 is provided with a curved wall on the wave-facing side. The curvature and height of the curved wall depend on the specific project conditions and can be changed flexibly.
作为优选，迎浪侧波能装置浮子2的尺寸明显小于防波堤宽度，这样有利于提高波能装置的有效频宽，采用刚性连接杆连接浮子2和波能发电系统9，波能发电系统可为直驱电机也可为液压电机，浮子的动能通过发电系统转为电能。浮子设有压载水泵11，压载水泵11应位于浮子的底部或者底部附近位置处，在恶劣海况下通过加压载水的方式使得浮子潜入水面以下，以提高浮子2的生存能力。As a preference, the size of the buoy 2 of the wave energy device on the front wave side is obviously smaller than the width of the breakwater, which is conducive to improving the effective bandwidth of the wave energy device. A rigid connecting rod is used to connect the buoy 2 and the wave energy generation system 9, and the wave energy generation system can be The direct drive motor can also be a hydraulic motor, and the kinetic energy of the float is converted into electric energy through a power generation system. The float is provided with a ballast water pump 11, and the ballast water pump 11 should be located at or near the bottom of the float. Under severe sea conditions, the float can be submerged below the water surface by adding ballast water to improve the survivability of the float 2.
作为优选，水轮机3布置于防波堤1主体的底部，通过支撑臂8将水轮机3固定与防波堤1的底部，水轮机3的发电系统位于防波堤1的内部，这样一来防波堤1可作为整个水轮机3的支撑系统。水轮机3的具体位置和布置的数量应视具体情况而定，总体原则是水轮机3的方向应与海流方向一致，以实现较高的海流能转换效率。由于防波堤长度方向远大于其宽度，因此阵列波能装置的数量和水轮机的数量也应取决于浮式防波堤的具体长度。Preferably, the water turbine 3 is arranged at the bottom of the main body of the breakwater 1, and the water turbine 3 is fixed to the bottom of the breakwater 1 through the support arm 8. The power generation system of the water turbine 3 is located inside the breakwater 1, so that the breakwater 1 can be used as a support for the entire water turbine 3 system. The specific location and number of arrangements of the water turbines 3 should be determined according to specific conditions. The general principle is that the direction of the water turbines 3 should be consistent with the direction of the ocean current, so as to achieve a higher conversion efficiency of ocean current energy. Since the length of the breakwater is much larger than its width, the number of array wave energy devices and the number of water turbines should also depend on the specific length of the floating breakwater.
作为优选，锚链3的一端连接于防波堤1的边缘处，另一段连接同侧海底。在防波堤宽度方向上，锚链采用“八”字形布置形式；在防波堤1长度方向上，应布置多组锚链6，建议每隔50米左右布置一组锚链6，具体数量应该视防波堤1的长度而定。Preferably, one end of the anchor chain 3 is connected to the edge of the breakwater 1, and the other end is connected to the seabed on the same side. In the width direction of the breakwater, the anchor chains are arranged in a "eight" shape; in the length direction of the breakwater 1, multiple sets of anchor chains 6 should be arranged. It is recommended to arrange a set of anchor chains 6 every 50 meters or so, and the specific number should be determined according to the breakwater 1. depends on the length.
作为优选，防波堤1的顶部为一平台结构，可设置小型风机或者太阳能发电设备，形成一体化的多能互补平台。Preferably, the top of the breakwater 1 is a platform structure, and small wind turbines or solar power generation equipment can be installed to form an integrated multi-energy complementary platform.
除上述实施例外，本发明还可以有其他实施方式。凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案，均落在本发明要求的保护范围。In addition to the above-mentioned embodiments, the present invention can also have other implementations. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
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