CN110523433A - 一种镍基催化剂及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种镍基催化剂及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110523433A CN110523433A CN201910805393.6A CN201910805393A CN110523433A CN 110523433 A CN110523433 A CN 110523433A CN 201910805393 A CN201910805393 A CN 201910805393A CN 110523433 A CN110523433 A CN 110523433A
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- nickel
- oxide
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- based catalyst
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylbenzene Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CCC1CCCCC1 IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IYABWNGZIDDRAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N allene Chemical compound C=C=C IYABWNGZIDDRAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 10
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910018590 Ni(NO3)2-6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DEDZSLCZHWTGOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylcyclohexane Chemical compound CCCC1CCCCC1 DEDZSLCZHWTGOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]acetate;iron(3+) Chemical compound [Fe+3].OCCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003775 Density Functional Theory Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910020068 MgAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018605 Ni—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005120 petroleum cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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Abstract
本发明提供一种镍基催化剂及其制备方法与应用,本发明所述的镍基催化剂,以质量百分含量计,金属Ni的含量为0.0001%至20%、其他金属的含量为0.00001%至20%、载体的含量为60%至99.999%。通过将至少含有镍元素的溶液通过湿法负载在催化剂载体上,并经过烘干、焙烧等过程制备成相应的镍基催化剂,解决了现有技术无法生产该镍基催化剂的问题,该催化剂可用于催化加氢反应中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及催化剂领域,具体是涉及一种镍基催化剂及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
在大宗化学品中,烯烃占有很重要的位置,是众多有机化工合成的原料。随着我国经济的发展,我们对烯烃的需求也与日俱增,尤其是乙烯。尽管我国产能每年都在增加,依然没能填补我国的需求缺口。
以乙烯为代表的烯烃通常由石油化工原料经催化裂化制得。而选择性加氢催化剂是石油化工领域一类重要的催化剂,广泛应用于各类烯烃装置中C2、C3、C4等组分以及裂解汽油中炔烃和二烯烃的脱除。目前工业中应用的主要是以钯为主活性组分、氧化铝为载体的负载型贵金属催化剂,并加入银、铜、钾、金、铅、铋等助剂组分,以适应不同反应对催化性能的要求,制备活性和选择性更高、稳定性更好、成本更低的选择加氢催化剂产品,一直是科研人员努力的目标。多年来,来源于石油裂解的乙烯中含有微量的乙炔能够毒化聚合物催化剂(Chem.Rev.2014,114(3):1761-1782;J.Mol.Catal.A:Chem.2009,307(1–2):13-20),所以乙炔的选择性加氢引起了人们的广泛关注。US,3832449公开了他们制备的MgAl2O4负载Ni和Ni-Zn催化剂,使用富乙炔原料直接用来生产乙烯。密度泛函理论计算表明,向Ni中添加Au、Ag或Cu可以减弱乙炔的吸附,从而提高催化剂活性;添加Au和Ag还有利于选择性的提高。一般情况下,Ni作为主催化活性组分,反应活性足够高,但是选择性较低,导致炔烃未完全反应,烯烃过度加氢,因此仍需不断改进。
柴油中芳烃含量高不仅会降低油品的质量和十六烷值,还会增加柴油燃烧废气中的颗粒排放物,因而,芳烃加氢受到广泛关注(中国工程科学,2003,5(3):6-14;中国石化,2002(4):22-25;石油化工动态,1997,5(3):6-11)。油品中的芳烃按芳环的数量主要分为4类:单环芳烃、双环芳烃、三环芳烃和多环芳烃。在实验研究中,通常选取苯及其同系物作为单环芳烃的模型反应物,萘及其同系物作为双环芳烃的模型反应物。
因此本专利提供了一种镍基催化剂及其制备方法,该催化剂可用于生产乙烯、去除乙烯中乙炔、二烯烃加氢和芳烃加氢。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明拟开发一种新的镍基催化剂及其制备方法,选取Ni作为主要活性组分,采用湿法制成镍基催化剂,可用于催化加氢反应中。
本发明所要解决的技术问题之一是提供一种镍基催化剂,主要解决现有技术中无镍基催化剂的问题。
本发明所要解决的技术问题之二是提供一种与解决技术问题之一相对应的一种镍基催化剂的制备方法,该方法可以用来生产一种镍基催化剂,解决现有技术无法生产该镍基催化剂的问题。
本发明所要解决的技术问题之三是提供一种与解决技术问题之一相对应的一种生产乙烯的方法。具有原料转化率高、选择性高、稳定性好的优点;克服现有技术无法直接将乙炔加氢制备乙烯的缺点。
本发明所要解决的技术问题之四是提供一种与解决技术问题之一相对应的一种去除乙烯中乙炔的方法。具有原料转化率高、选择性高、稳定性好、催化剂廉价的优点;克服现有去除乙烯中乙炔技术中原料转化率低、选择性低、稳定性差、催化剂昂贵等缺点。
本发明所要解决的技术问题之五是提供一种与解决技术问题之一相对应的一种二烯烃加氢的方法。具有原料转化率高、选择性高、稳定性好的优点;克服现有二烯烃加氢技术中原料转化率低、选择性低、稳定性差等缺点。
本发明所要解决的技术问题之六是提供一种与解决技术问题之一相对应的一种芳烃加氢的方法。具有原料转化率高、稳定性好的优点;克服现有芳烃加氢技术中原料转化率低、稳定性差等缺点。
为解决上述技术问题之一,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种镍基催化剂,以质量百分含量计,金属Ni的含量为0.0001%至20%、其他金属的含量为0.00001%至20%、载体的含量为60%至99.999%。
进一步的方案是,所述催化剂的比表面积为20m2/g至900m2/g,孔容为0.01cm3/g至0.55cm3/g;载体至少含有氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化镁、氧化铈、氧化镧、氧化磷中的一种。
为解决上述技术问题之二,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种镍基催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)配制至少含有镍元素的溶液,溶液中金属离子浓度为0.0001mol/L至7mol/L,pH值为0.2至13;
2)称取一定量的载体,溶液与载体的质量比为18:1至1:50,将步骤1)所制得溶液与载体混合;
3)取步骤2)所得产物,经分离、在20℃至250℃条件下干燥0.1小时至200小时,然后在250℃至800℃焙烧0.2小时至70小时后得到所述镍基催化剂。
进一步的方案是,步骤1)中,所述溶液中镍离子含量为0.01mol/L至4.5mol/L;溶液的pH值在为2至11;溶液中至少还含有氢、锡、钴、铁、镓、铋、银、钼、锆、铜、铊、铅、钛、锰中的一种。
进一步的方案是,步骤2)中,载体至少含有氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化镁、氧化铈、氧化镧、氧化磷中的一种;溶液与载体的质量比为15:1至1:30。
进一步的方案是,步骤3)中,干燥条件为20℃至200℃、干燥2小时至24小时;焙烧条件为260℃至800℃、焙烧1小时至40小时。
本发明所要解决的技术问题之三,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种生产乙烯的方法,采用解决技术问题之一的镍基催化剂,以含有氢气、乙炔的物质为原料,在反应温度为30℃至350℃,反应压力0.1MPa至3MPa,空速为1500h-1至450000h-1的条件下与催化剂床层接触,反应生成包含乙烯的产物。
本发明所要解决的技术问题之四,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种去除乙烯中乙炔的方法,采用解决技术问题之一的镍基催化剂,以含有氢气、乙炔、氮气、一氧化碳、乙烯的物质为原料,在反应温度为30℃至400℃,反应压力0.1MPa至4.5MPa,空速为3000h-1至450000h-1的条件下与催化剂床层接触,反应生成包含乙烯的产物。
本发明所要解决的技术问题之五,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种二烯烃加氢的方法,采用解决技术问题之一的镍基催化剂,以含有丙二烯、丁二烯、氢气的物质为原料,在反应温度为50℃至450℃,反应压力0.1MPa至4.5MPa,空速为1500h-1至36000h-1的条件下与催化剂床层接触,反应生成包含丙烯、丁烯的产物。
发明所要解决的技术问题之六,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种芳烃加氢的方法,采用解决技术问题之一的镍基催化剂,以含有苯、甲苯、乙苯、丙苯、萘、氢气的物质为原料,在反应温度为100℃至400℃,反应压力0.1至10MPa,空速为5000h-1至200000h-1的条件下与催化剂床层接触,反应生成包含环己烷、甲基环己烷、乙基环己烷、丙基环己烷、四氢萘、十氢萘的产物。
本发明采用上述方法制备一种镍基催化剂,制备出的一种镍基催化剂,本体至少含有氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化镁、氧化铈、氧化镧、氧化磷中的一种载体外,且催化剂中载体占质量比60%至99.999%,还有金属镍、锡或钴及相应的氧化物等活性组分,且催化剂中活性组分金属镍的含量占质量比为0.0001%至20%,其他金属的含量占质量比为0.00001%至20%;催化剂的比表面积为20m2/g至900m2/g,孔容为0.01cm3/g至0.55cm3/g。提供的一种镍基催化剂的制备方法,该方法可以用来生产一种镍基催化剂,克服现有技术无法生产镍基催化剂的问题。该镍基催化剂及其制备方法可用于乙烯的生产领域、去除乙烯中痕量乙炔的生产领域,提高原料转化率、乙烯选择性和催化剂稳定性;该镍基催化剂及其制备方法可用于二烯烃加氢的生产领域,提高原料转化率、烯烃选择性和催化剂稳定性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的制备方法得到的ZSM-12分子筛负载的镍基催化剂的SEM图。
图2为本发明实施例1的制备方法得到的ZSM-12分子筛负载的镍基催化剂的氮气等温吸脱附曲线。
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的制备方法、使用条件如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;下述实施例中所用的试剂、气体、材料等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
【实施例1】
ZSM-12分子筛负载的镍基催化剂制备方法:
(1)原料配置:取一只干净的50mL的容量瓶、一个100mL的烧杯、一根玻璃棒备用,用电子天平称取1.454g的Ni(NO3)2·6H2O固体,配制成50mL浓度为0.1mol·L-1的溶液。
(2)用电子天平称取1g ZSM-12分子筛载体,将步骤(1)所制得溶液通过等体积浸渍法负载在载体上。
(3)将步骤(2)所得产物在空气中干燥一夜,之后在马弗炉中以2℃/min的速率升温到500℃下继续焙烧2.5小时后得到相应的催化剂。
所得催化剂含88%ZSM-12分子筛载体,催化剂中活性组分金属镍的含量占质量比为12%,其中催化剂的比表面积为370m2/g,孔容为0.25cm3/g。
【实施例2】
MOR分子筛负载的镍基催化剂制备方法:
(1)原料配置:取两只干净的50mL的容量瓶、两个100mL的烧杯、两根玻璃棒备用,用电子天平分别称取2.181g的Ni(NO3)2·6H2O固体、0.1753g SnCl4·5H2O,配制成50mL浓度为0.15mol·L-1的Ni(NO3)2、50mL浓度为0.05mol·L-1的SnCl4的溶液。
(2)用电子天平称取1g MOR分子筛载体,将步骤(1)所制得溶液通过等体积浸渍法负载在载体上。
(3)将步骤(2)所得产物在空气中干燥一夜,之后在马弗炉中以1℃/min的速率升温到500℃下继续焙烧2.5小时后得到相应的催化剂。
所得催化剂含97.8%MOR分子筛载体,催化剂中活性组分金属镍的含量占质量比为2%,其他活性金属的含量占质量比为0.2%,其中催化剂的比表面积在307m2/g,孔容为0.38cm3/g。
【实施例3】
Beta分子筛负载的镍基催化剂制备方法:
(1)原料配置:取两只干净的50mL的容量瓶、两个100mL的烧杯、两根玻璃棒备用,用电子天平分别称取3.635g的Ni(NO3)2·6H2O固体、0.7276g Co(NO3)2·6H2O固体,配制成50mL浓度为0.25mol·L-1的Ni(NO3)2、50mL浓度为0.25mol·L-1的Co(NO3)2的溶液。
(2)用电子天平称取1g Beta分子筛载体,将步骤(1)所制得溶液通过浸渍法负载在载体上。
(3)将步骤(2)所得产物在烘箱中以80℃的温度条件下干燥12小时,最后在马弗炉中以1℃/min的速率升温到550℃下继续焙烧2小时后得到相应的催化剂。
所得催化剂含94.2%Beta分子筛载体,催化剂中活性组分金属镍的含量占质量比为5%,其他活性金属的含量占质量比为0.8%,其中催化剂的比表面积在569m2/g,孔容为0.29cm3/g。
【实施例4-30】
将含镍、锡、钴、铁、镓、铋、银、钼、锆、铜、铊、铅、钛、锰等原料,按照表1的制备条件,根据实施方案中的步骤进行操作,即可得到镍基催化剂。
表1
【实施例31-45】将镍基催化剂用于乙炔加氢生产乙烯。
以氢气、乙炔为原料,采用实施例1-15得到的镍基催化剂,按照表2的反应条件进行催化剂性能评价,即可得到富含乙烯的产物。
表2
【实施例46-60】将镍基催化剂用于去除乙烯中乙炔。
以氢气、乙炔、氮气、一氧化碳、乙烯等为原料,采用实施例16-30得到的镍基催化剂,按照表3的反应条件进行催化剂性能评价,即可去除乙烯中乙炔。
表3
【实施例61-75】将镍基催化剂用于二烯烃加氢。
以氢气、丙二烯、丁二烯等为原料,采用实施例1-30得到的镍基催化剂,按照表4的反应条件进行催化剂性能评价,即可实现二烯烃加氢。
表4
【实施例76-90】将镍基催化剂用于芳烃加氢。
以氢气、苯、甲苯、乙苯、丙苯、萘等为原料,采用实施例1-30得到的镍基催化剂,按照表5的反应条件进行催化剂性能评价,即可实现芳烃加氢。
表5
最后需要强调的是,以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种变化和更改,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (15)
1.一种镍基催化剂,其特征在于:
以质量百分含量计,所述镍基催化剂中金属Ni的含量为0.0001%至20%、其他金属的含量为0.00001%至20%、载体的含量为60%至99.999%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的镍基催化剂,其特征在于:
所述镍基催化剂的比表面积为20m2/g至900m2/g,孔容为0.01cm3/g至0.55cm3/g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的镍基催化剂,其特征在于:
所述载体至少含有氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化镁、氧化铈、氧化镧、氧化磷中的一种。
4.一种镍基催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)配制至少含有镍元素的溶液,溶液中金属离子浓度为0.0001mol/L至7mol/L,pH值为0.2至13;
2)称取一定量的载体,溶液与载体的质量比为18:1至1:50,将步骤1)所制得溶液与载体混合;
3)取步骤2)所得产物,经分离、在20℃至250℃条件下干燥0.1小时至200小时,然后在250℃至800℃焙烧0.2小时至70小时后得到所述镍基催化剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤1)中,所述溶液中镍离子含量为0.01mol/L至4.5mol/L。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤1)中,所述溶液中至少还含有氢、锡、钴、铁、镓、铋、银、钼、锆、铜、铊、铅、钛、锰中的一种。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤1)中,所述溶液的pH值为2至11。
8.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤2)中,所述载体至少含有氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化镁、氧化铈、氧化镧、氧化磷中的一种。
9.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤2)中,所述溶液与所述载体的质量比为15:1至1:30。
10.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤3)中,干燥条件为20℃至200℃、干燥2小时至24小时。
11.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤3)中,焙烧条件为260℃至800℃、焙烧1小时至40小时。
12.一种生产乙烯的方法,其特征在于:
采用权利要求1~3任意一项所述的镍基催化剂,以含有氢气、乙炔的物质为原料,在反应温度为30℃至350℃,反应压力0.1MPa至3MPa,空速为1500h-1至450000h-1的条件下与催化剂床层接触,反应生成包含乙烯的产物。
13.一种去除乙烯中乙炔的方法,其特征在于:
采用权利要求1~3任意一项所述的镍基催化剂,以含有氢气、乙炔、氮气、一氧化碳、乙烯的物质为原料,在反应温度为30℃至400℃,反应压力0.1MPa至4.5MPa,空速为3000h-1至450000h-1的条件下与催化剂床层接触,反应生成包含乙烯的产物。
14.一种二烯烃加氢的方法,其特征在于:
采用权利要求1~3任意一项所述的镍基催化剂,以含有丙二烯、丁二烯、氢气的物质为原料,在反应温度为50℃至450℃,反应压力0.1MPa至4.5MPa,空速为1500h-1至36000h-1的条件下与催化剂床层接触,反应生成包含丙烯、丁烯的产物。
15.一种芳烃加氢的方法,采用权利要求1~3所述的任意一项催化剂,以含有苯、甲苯、乙苯、丙苯、萘、氢气的物质为原料,在反应温度为100℃至400℃,反应压力0.1至10MPa,空速为5000h-1至200000h-1的条件下与催化剂床层接触,反应生成包含环己烷、甲基环己烷、乙基环己烷、丙基环己烷、四氢萘、十氢萘的产物。
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