CN110523174B

CN110523174B - A high temperature resistant pressurized grading composite dust collector

Info

Publication number: CN110523174B
Application number: CN201910858973.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱大胜; 张彬玢; 王科伟; 赵钒智; 季尧杰
Original assignee: Nanjing Institute of Technology
Current assignee: Nanjing Institute of Technology
Priority date: 2019-09-11
Filing date: 2019-09-11
Publication date: 2021-08-24
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-11
Also published as: CN110523174A

Abstract

The invention provides a high temperature resistant supercharged and graded composite dust collector. The pressurized air intake mechanism is installed on the outer wall along the tangential direction of the dust collector cylinder wall. The high temperature resistant composite dust removal mechanism includes a ceramic filter sleeve and a filter element, and is provided with two Layer tube sheet, the tube sheet divides the dust chamber into three parts: the upper, middle and lower parts. The uppermost tube sheet has multiple rows of suspended filter elements, and the lowermost tube sheet has multiple rows of suspended ceramic filter sleeves. The filter elements and the ceramic filter sleeves correspond one by one. The sleeve is outside the corresponding filter element. The filter sleeve is provided with fine through holes, the diameter of which is larger than that of the surface of the filter element. One end of the ceramic filter sleeve is connected to the tube plate flange, and one end of the opening is connected to the filter sleeve cleaning device, and the filter sleeve is cleaned. One end of the device is an air inlet, and the other end is connected to the ash hopper. In the present invention, there are multiple dust removal structures to classify and recycle the dust in the flue gas according to the particle size, and the multi-stage separation has enough pressure to solve the problem of high temperature damage and insufficient pressure in the prior art. The dust removal effect is too poor The problem.

Description

High-temperature-resistant pressurized hierarchical composite dust remover

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of dust collectors, and relates to a high-temperature-resistant pressurized hierarchical composite dust collector.

Background

Dust removal systems are commonly used in boilers and industrial production, and dust collectors are important components of the dust removal systems and achieve dust removal effects by separating dust from flue gas. The performance of a precipitator is expressed in terms of the amount of gas that can be treated, the resistance loss of the gas as it passes through the precipitator, and the efficiency of the precipitation. In the existing dust remover, the filter bag is often damaged due to the high temperature of the flue gas, and the expected dust removing effect cannot be achieved. A plurality of dust removing structures in the composite dust remover need to classify and recycle dust in the flue gas according to particle size, and multistage separation cannot be completed due to insufficient pressure. Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-temperature-resistant pressurized hierarchical composite dust remover to solve the problem of poor dust removing effect caused by high-temperature damage and insufficient pressure in the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

1. The technical problem to be solved is as follows:

the problem of poor dust removal effect that exists because of high temperature damage among the dust pelletizing system technology of current, pressure is not enough and leads to.

2. The technical scheme is as follows:

aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-temperature-resistant pressurized graded composite dust remover, which comprises a dust removing mechanism and a pressurized air inlet mechanism, the supercharging air inlet mechanism is arranged on the outer wall along the tangential direction of the wall of the dust remover, the dust removing mechanism is a high-temperature resistant composite dust removing mechanism and comprises a ceramic filter sleeve and filter elements, two layers of tube plates are arranged, the tube plates divide a dust removing chamber into an upper part, a middle part and a lower part, the filter elements are hung on the tube plates on the uppermost layer in a plurality of rows, the ceramic filter sleeve is hung on the tube plates on the lowermost layer in a plurality of rows, the filter elements correspond to the ceramic filter sleeves one by one, each ceramic filter sleeve is sleeved outside the corresponding filter element, the filter element filtering sleeve is provided with fine and dense through holes, the hole diameter is larger than the hole diameter of the surface of the filter element, one end of the ceramic filtering sleeve is provided with an opening which is connected with a pipe plate flange, one end of the ceramic filtering sleeve is provided with an opening which is connected with the filtering sleeve ash removal device, one end of the filtering sleeve ash removal device is an air inlet, and the other end of the filtering sleeve ash removal device is connected.

The supercharging air inlet mechanism comprises a bent pipe and a diffuser, a nozzle is arranged at an air outlet of the bent pipe, the diameter of the nozzle is smaller than that of the bent pipe, a throat is arranged in front of an air outlet of the diffuser of the supercharging mechanism, the diameter of the throat is smaller than that of the diffuser, and gas discharged from the nozzle enters the diffuser through the throat.

The filter element is a filter bag type filter element, the filter bag is in a circular shape, and the pore diameter of the micro-pore on the surface of the filter bag is smaller than that of the surface of the filter element.

The filter bag material of filter core is polytetrafluoroethylene.

The ash removal device for the filter sleeve is a cylindrical inclined tube, the ceramic filter sleeve is in a long cylindrical shape, the bottom end of the ceramic filter sleeve is a round angle, the inclined tube is arranged at the bottom of the ceramic filter sleeve and connected with the ceramic filter sleeve, one end of the inclined tube is an air inlet, and the other end of the inclined tube is connected with the ash bucket.

The inclined tube and the horizontal plane form a-degree included angle.

The inclined tubes are provided with a plurality of rows, and the number of the rows is the same as that of the ceramic filter sleeves and the filter elements, and the rows correspond to the positions of the ceramic filter sleeves and the filter elements.

The pipe plate dust cleaning device is arranged on the upper surface of the pipe plate and is an annular pipe, one end of the annular pipe is an air inlet, the other end of the annular pipe is an air outlet, and the surface of the annular pipe is provided with fine holes.

The filter is characterized in that a filter sleeve ash removal cooling device is further arranged, the filter sleeve ash removal cooling device is an annular pipe, the annular pipe penetrates through the ceramic filter sleeve and surrounds the filter bag of the filter element, a plurality of micropores are formed in the lower surface of the annular pipe, one end of the annular pipe is an air inlet, and the other end of the annular pipe is an air outlet.

The dust removing device is characterized by further comprising a pulse back-blowing dust removing device, wherein the pulse back-blowing dust removing device is located above the filter element, the pulse back-blowing dust removing device is provided with injection tubes, the number of the injection tubes is equal to that of the filter elements, each injection tube corresponds to a filter bag of one filter element, the injection tubes extend into the half to two thirds of the filter bag, and fine holes are formed in the surface of the body of each injection tube extending into the filter bag.

3. Has the advantages that:

the filtering link of the high-temperature-resistant pressurized graded composite dust remover with the particle grading system provided by the invention consists of three filtering links, wherein the first level is that a working medium rises spirally, and dust is removed by centrifugal force to treat larger particles in smoke. The second stage is high temperature resistant ceramic membrane filter sleeve filtration, the temperature for treating smoke dust is high, and after air cooling treatment, the secondary temperature can be reached, so that preparation is made for the third stage of medium and low temperature filtration, the third stage adopts filter bag type filter element filtration design as a secondary filtration link, and refined retreatment is performed on the second stage of filtration. The problem of exist among the current dust pelletizing system technology because of high temperature damage, the dust removal effect that pressure is not enough and lead to is poor is solved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a first structural diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an intake air supercharging mechanism.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a filter bag type filter element structure.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the tube sheet structure of the filter element and the filter bag.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a filter sleeve ash removal cooling device.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the cartridge ash removal cooling device passing through a ceramic filter sleeve.

1-an intake air supercharging mechanism; 2-high temperature resistant composite dust removing mechanism; 3-a particle classification system; 4-a filter sleeve ash removal device; 5-ceramic filter sleeve; 6-a filter bag type filter element; 7-pulse back-blowing ash removal; 8-a tube plate ash removal device; 9-a filter sleeve ash removal cooling device; 10-ash bucket; 12-a nozzle; 13-bending the pipe; 14-larynx all; 15-diffuser.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a high temperature resistant pressurized graded composite dust collector comprises a dust collection mechanism and a pressurized air inlet mechanism 1, wherein the pressurized air inlet mechanism 1 is installed on the outer wall along the tangential direction of the wall of the dust collector cylinder, the dust collection mechanism is a high temperature resistant composite dust collection mechanism 2, and comprises a ceramic filter sleeve 5 and a filter element 6, two layers of tube plates are arranged, the tube plates divide a dust collection chamber into an upper part, a middle part and a lower part, a plurality of rows of tube plates at the upmost layer hang the filter element 6, a plurality of rows of tube plates at the lowest layer hang the ceramic filter sleeve 5, as shown in fig. 5, the filter element 6 and the ceramic filter sleeve 5 are in one-to-one correspondence, each ceramic filter sleeve 5 is sleeved outside the corresponding filter element 6, the filter sleeve 5 is provided with a fine through hole, the hole diameter is larger than the surface hole diameter of the filter element 6, one end of the ceramic filter sleeve 5 is connected with a tube plate flange, one end of the ceramic filter sleeve is opened and connected with a filter sleeve ash removal device 4, one end of the filter sleeve device is an air inlet, the other end is connected with an ash bucket 10.

After a certain pressure is increased by the air inlet supercharging mechanism 1, a working medium needing dust removal is sent into the dust remover along the tangential direction of the cylinder wall to form spiral ascending type dust removal, and larger particulate matters and dust are filtered to the ash bucket 10 at the lowest end at the stage to finish primary particle classification. And the rest working media enter the middle part of the dust remover to carry out high-temperature resistant composite dust removal 2. The working medium enters the ceramic membrane filter sleeve 5 from the small hole on the ceramic membrane filter sleeve 5, and the particles and dust which can not pass through are filtered to the ash bucket 10 at the lowest part. The working medium entering the ceramic membrane filter sleeve 5 continues to contact the filter element 6 upwards under the action of pressure. The working medium enters the filter element 6 from the micropores on the surface of the filter element 6 for three times of filtration, and particulate matters and dust which cannot pass through the micropores are filtered to the filter sleeve ash removal device 4 with the middle part connected with the lower end of the ceramic membrane filter sleeve 5. The final filtered gas is obtained.

The filter element filtering sleeve 5 is provided with fine through holes for the following functions: after the primary dust removal, secondary filtration is carried out, and gas with less dust can be obtained. The ceramic filter sleeve 5 is made of high-temperature-resistant material, can normally work under the condition of filtering high-temperature smoke, and avoids the direct contact between the filter element which is not high in temperature resistance and the high-temperature smoke. Reducing the damage rate of the device.

For better supercharging and air intake effect, as shown in fig. 3, the supercharging and air intake mechanism 1 comprises a bend 13 and a diffuser 15, a nozzle 12 is arranged at the air outlet of the bend 13, the diameter of the nozzle 12 is smaller than that of the bend 13, a throat 14 is arranged in front of the air outlet of the diffuser 15 of the supercharging and air intake mechanism 1, the diameter of the throat 14 is smaller than that of the diffuser 15, and the air discharged from the nozzle 12 enters the diffuser 15 through the throat 14.

When the pressurizing air inlet mechanism 1 conveys the working medium into the dust remover, a part of air enters the dust remover from the air inlet of the elbow 13, and the other part of air enters the dust remover from the suction pipe. The gas in the suction pipe enters the diffuser through the throat, and the throat 14 is smaller in diameter than the inlet, so that the gas obtains higher pressure when entering the diffuser 15. The gas in the elbow 13 is discharged from the nozzle 12 and then enters the throat 14, and finally enters the dust remover from the diffuser 15, because the diameter of the nozzle 12 is smaller than that of the elbow 13, the gas obtains higher pressure when being discharged from the nozzle 12, because the diameter of the throat 14 is smaller than that of the nozzle 12, the gas is boosted again when entering the diffuser 15 from the throat 14, the gas entering the dust remover is ensured to have high enough pressure, and the three-time grading dust removal can be ensured. All working media all follow the dust remover barrel tangential direction and get into the dust remover, guarantee that all media extend the section of thick bamboo wall spiral and rise, great particulate matter is separated away through centrifugal force at the in-process that rises, accomplishes once and filters, and the particulate matter that is filtered all is accomplished once and is retrieved in falling on the ash bucket of lower extreme.

For better effect, as shown in fig. 4, the filter element 6 is a filter bag type filter element, the filter bag is in the shape of a circular filter bag, and the pore diameter of the micro-pore on the surface of the filter bag is smaller than that of the surface of the filter element 6. And the gas filtered from the ceramic filter sleeve enters the filter element for secondary filtration to obtain the purest gas filtered for three times.

The ash removal device for the filter sleeve is characterized in that the ash removal device 4 for the filter sleeve is a cylindrical inclined tube, the ceramic filter sleeve 5 is in a long cylindrical shape, the bottom end of the ceramic filter sleeve 5 is a round angle, all inclined tubes are arranged at the bottom of the ceramic filter sleeve 5 and connected with the ceramic filter sleeve, one end of each inclined tube is an air inlet, and the other end of each inclined tube is connected with the ash hopper 10.

The bottom end of the ceramic filter sleeve 5 is made into a round angle and is connected with the connecting surface of the inclined tube in an inclined plane mode, the round angle and the inclined plane are matched to realize sealing of the round angle and the inclined plane, and solid particles can be prevented from entering the inclined tube. Can get into ceramic filter sleeve 5, the dust that can not get into filter core 6 is arranged into the pipe chute from ceramic filter sleeve 5 bottom, accomplishes the secondary filter, and there is high-pressure gas filter sleeve ash removal device 4 one side, can arrange into the ash bucket with the filter residue in the pipe chute, accomplishes the secondary particle and retrieves.

For better effect, the inclined tube and the horizontal plane form an included angle of 10-20 degrees.

The inclined tubes are provided with a plurality of rows, and the number of the rows is the same as that of the ceramic filter sleeves 5 and that of the filter elements 6, and the rows correspond to the positions of the filter elements.

The upper surface of the tube plate is provided with a tube plate ash removal device 8, the tube plate ash removal device 8 is an annular tube, one end of the annular tube is an air inlet, the other end of the annular tube is an air outlet, and the surface of the annular tube is provided with pores. In the working process, the fine holes on the surface of the annular tube are sprayed with gas, and dust which is accumulated on the upper surface of the tube plate and cannot enter the filter bag is blown into the filter element.

The dust-removing and dust-removing device is further provided with a filter sleeve dust-removing cooling device 9, the filter sleeve dust-removing cooling device 9 adopts an annular pipe for blowing, as shown in figures 6 and 7, an annular pipeline penetrates through the ceramic filter sleeve and surrounds the filter element to blow the outer surface of the filter element, wherein the lower surface of the annular pipe is provided with a plurality of micropores, and low-temperature high-pressure gas passes through the pipe, so that on one hand, the gas is blown out to blow out dust blocked in the pores of the ceramic filter sleeve, on the other hand, the high-temperature gas in the ceramic filter element is reduced, and the filter element is prevented from being damaged by high temperature.

When the dust removal process is carried out, the dust-containing gas carries the particles to flow through the filter layer, a part of particles permeate into the filter medium, but most of the particles are intercepted on the surface of the filter layer and gradually accumulated into a dust layer along with the filtering, the dust layer on the filter element is slowly accumulated thickly, the equipment resistance continuously rises, and once the equipment resistance reaches a set value, the pulse back-blowing dust cleaning device is started. Under the action of electromagnetic pulse signals, the pulse valve is opened, high-pressure gas quickly flows through the injection pipe and then flows into filter elements such as filter bags.

Taking the filter element 6 as an example, the pulse back-blowing ash removal device 7 is communicated with the filter element 6 through a blowing pipe, and the blowing pipe extends into the filter element, so that one-to-one high-efficiency ash removal can be realized by the structure, and the blowing effect is enhanced. High-pressure low-temperature blowing gas is introduced from external equipment and flows into the blowing pipe and the filter tip, so that the filter bag is reversely blown, and periodic work is realized under the control of the pulse valve. On one hand, the dust blocked in the micropores of the filter element is blown off, and the blown off dust falls into the filter sleeve ash removal device to finish secondary particle classification. On the other hand, the low-temperature blowing gas can effectively reduce the temperature of the filter element, and prevent the high-temperature gas passing through the filter sleeve from being too high in temperature and exceeding the bearing temperature limit of the filter element to be damaged.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A high temperature-resistant supercharged and graded composite dust collector, comprising a dust removal mechanism, characterized in that it also includes a pressurized air intake mechanism (1), and the pressurized air intake mechanism (1) extends along the tangent of the wall of the dust collector. The dust removal mechanism is a high temperature resistant composite dust removal mechanism (2), including a ceramic filter sleeve (5) and a filter element (6), and is provided with two layers of tube sheets, which divide the dust removal chamber into upper, middle and lower parts. There are three parts, the uppermost tube sheet is multi-row suspended filter element (6), the lowermost tube sheet is multi-row suspended ceramic filter sleeve (5), the filter element (6) and the ceramic filter sleeve (5) are in one-to-one correspondence. The ceramic filter sleeve (5) is sleeved outside the corresponding filter element (6), the ceramic filter sleeve (5) is provided with fine through holes, the pore size is larger than that of the surface of the filter element (6), and one end of the ceramic filter sleeve (5) is The opening is connected with the tube sheet flange, and the opening at one end is connected with the filter sleeve ash cleaning device (4), one end of the filter sleeve ash cleaning device (4) is the air inlet, and the other end is connected with the ash hopper (10).

2. The high temperature resistant supercharged and graded composite dust collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pressurized air intake mechanism (1) comprises an elbow (13), a diffuser (15), an elbow (13). 13) The air outlet has a nozzle (12), the diameter of the nozzle (12) is smaller than the diameter of the elbow (13), and the diffuser (15) of the booster air intake mechanism (1) has a throat (14) in front of the air outlet, and the throat (14) The diameter of the outlet is smaller than the diameter of the diffuser (15), and the gas discharged from the nozzle (12) enters the diffuser (15) from the outlet of the throat (14).

3 . The high temperature-resistant pressurized and graded composite dust collector according to claim 1 , wherein the filter element ( 6 ) is a filter bag type filter element, and the shape of the filter bag is a circular filter bag. 4 .

4 . The high temperature resistant pressurized grading composite dust collector according to claim 3 , wherein the filter bag material of the filter element ( 6 ) is polytetrafluoroethylene. 5 .

5. The high temperature-resistant pressurized and graded composite dust collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: the filter sleeve dust removal device (4) is a cylindrical inclined tube, and the ceramic filter sleeve (5) is a long cylinder The bottom ends of the ceramic filter sleeves (5) are rounded, and the bottoms of all the ceramic filter sleeves (5) are connected with inclined pipes, one end of the inclined pipes is the air inlet, and the other end is connected to the ash hopper (10) connect.

6 . The high temperature resistant pressurized and graded composite dust collector according to claim 5 , wherein the inclined pipe and the horizontal plane have an included angle of 10-20 degrees. 7 .

7. The high temperature resistant pressurized grading type composite dust collector according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: the inclined pipe has multiple rows, and the number of rows corresponds to the ceramic filter sleeve (5) and the filter element (6). ) have the same number of rows and corresponding positions.

8. The high temperature resistant pressurized grading composite dust collector according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the upper surface of the tube sheet is provided with a tube sheet dust cleaning device (8), the tube sheet The ash cleaning device (8) is an annular pipe, one end of the annular pipe is an air inlet, the other end is an air outlet, and the surface of the annular pipe is provided with pores.

9. The high temperature resistant pressurized grading composite dust collector according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: a filter jacket ash cleaning and cooling device (9) is further provided, and the filter jacket ash cleaning and cooling device ( 9) It is an annular tube, which passes through the ceramic filter sleeve (5) and surrounds the filter bag of the filter element (6). The lower surface of the annular tube is provided with a plurality of micropores, and one end of the annular tube is The air inlet, and the other end is the air outlet.

10. The high temperature resistant pressurized grading composite dust collector according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: a pulse backflushing dust cleaning device (7) is also provided, and the pulse backflushing dust cleaning device ( 7) Located above the filter element (6), the pulse backflushing and cleaning device (7) is provided with the same number of injection pipes as the filter element (6), and each of the injection pipes corresponds to a filter element (6) Each injection pipe extends into one-half to two-thirds of the filter bag, and there are pores on the surface of the injection pipe body extending into the filter bag.