CN110514847B - 血清LysoPA在小儿扩张型心肌病预后中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种检测溶血磷脂酸(LysoPA)、溶血磷脂酸(LysoPA)亚型含量的物质在制备预测或辅助预测小儿扩张型心肌病(DCM)的左心室功能改善的产品中的应用,所述左心室功能改善指左室逆重构(LVRR)的发生。本发明为儿童扩张型心肌病的患者危险分层、预后和疾病进展监控提供了科学依据,能够在不良事件发生前,极大的提前临床积极干预的决策时机,弥补了医学行业研究和临床应用的空白,具备临床和市场应用的巨大潜力和价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术、疾病的诊断、治疗和预后技术领域,具体涉及血清LysoPA在小儿扩张型心肌病预后中的应用。
背景技术
扩张型心肌病(Dilated Cardiomyopathy,DCM)主要表现为左心室扩大及收缩功能的异常,在未成年人患病率约为0.57-1.13/100000(Lipshultz SE,et al.N Engl JMed.2003)(Towbin JA,et al.JAMA,2006),它是造成儿童发生充血性心力衰竭最为常见的原因之一,也是儿童心脏移植的首要原因(Lipshultz SE,et al.Future Cardiol.2013)。
前人的研究表明扩张型心肌病的预后具有明显的异质性(Lee TM,et al.CircRes.2017)。尽管既往研究发现DCM患儿出现症状后1年内的死亡和心脏移植的发生率为31%,但同时也有1年内有25%患儿的心功能及心室大小会恢复,这种现象被称为“左室逆重构”(LVRR,Mann DL,et al.J Am Coll Cardiol.2012)。早期识别那些会出现发生LVRR的“低危”患者,有助于医生进行重要的临床决策过程,特别是对于那些高风险、高花费的治疗措施,如移植等。基于小规模的队列研究,前人的风险分析结果确认了一些与LVRR的因素,如射血分数、年龄偏低以及左室相对较小等(Fenton MJ,et al.Int J Cardiol.2018)。除此之外,血清标志物对于评价DCM病情进展和指导疾病的治疗起到了非常重要的作用(Motiwala SR,et al.Curr Heart Fail Rep.2016)。尽管既往的前瞻性队列发现BNP是成人DCM患者LVRR的独立预测因子(Cho JY,et al.Heart Lung Circ.2018),但是BNP在儿童人群中的预测价值有争议(Fenton MJ,et al.Int J Cardiol.2018)。因此,基于多个血清标志物对患者进行更为精确的危险分层从而在早期识别低危患儿,指导下一步的治疗,这对于DCM的二级预防非常重要。
影响扩张型心肌病病理过程的因素十分复杂,包括遗传,环境等因素。尽管这些因素对于机体的影响不尽相同,但最终都会表现出机体代谢的异常,而代谢功能的异常也可以反映心肌病致病因素间的相互作用(Lewis GD,et al.J Am Coll Cardiol.2008)。既往文献报道(Dávila-Román VG,et al.J Am Coll Cardiol.2002),扩张型心肌病患者存在着能量代谢异常,主要表现在脂代谢功能减弱,糖代谢功能增强。此外,异常表达的脂质代谢产物不仅可以参与心肌细胞的能量代谢(Zhang L,et al.Cardiovascularresearch.2011),也可以作为信号分子参与调控心肌病引发心衰的其它病理过程,如心肌纤维化(O'Connell TD,et al.J Mol Cell Cardiol.2017)、心脏肥大(Alewijnse AE,etal Br J Pharmacol.2004)和心肌细胞凋亡(Karliner JS,et al.BiochimBiophysActa.2002)等,这为心肌病的代谢组学研究提供了分子学依据。代谢组学是对生物体内所有代谢物进行定量分析,并寻找代谢物与生理病理变化的相对关系的研究方法。通过代谢组学技术不仅可以筛选出心血管疾病特异性的血清标志物(Fan Y,et al.J Am CollCardiol.2016),同时可以筛选出与病理过程相关的潜在治疗靶点(Rhodes CJ,etal.Circulation.2017)。基于上述优势,我们假设利用代谢组学技术可以与PDCM患者左室逆重构相关的脂类分子,作为生物标志物对PDCM患者进行更为精细的危险分层。
发明内容
基于上述现有技术中的空白,本发明从一个多中心的队列研究-AOCC study中连续入组了92名儿童扩张型心肌病患儿(图1),利用液相色谱串联质谱技术检测循环中脂质代谢物水平。通过为期1年的随访。基于代谢组学结果,我们发现饱和LysoPA/不饱和LysoPA的比值(LysoPAratio)与LVRR发生均具有相关性,LysoPA ratio可以识别那些更倾向于LVRR的患者。上述的结果进一步在另一个独立队列中进行了验证。
本发明的具体技术方案如下:
本发明的一个目的是提供了检测溶血磷脂酸含量的物质的新用途。
本发明提供了一种检测溶血磷脂酸(LysoPA,lysophosphatidic acids)含量的物质在制备预测或辅助预测小儿扩张型心肌病(DCM)的左心室功能改善的产品中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种检测溶血磷脂酸(LysoPA)亚型含量的物质在制备预测或辅助预测小儿扩张型心肌病(DCM)的左心室功能改善的产品的用途。
本发明还提供了一种LysoPA比值在制备预测或辅助预测小儿扩张型心肌病(DCM)的左心室功能改善的产品的用途,所述LysoPA比值为饱和LysoPA含量/不饱和LysoPA含量的比值;优选的,LysoPA比值的截取值为≥0.8。
本发明另一个目的是提供了溶血磷脂酸(LysoPA)作为血清标志物的新用途。
本发明提供了一种溶血磷脂酸(LysoPA)作为血清标志物在预测或辅助预测小儿扩张型心肌病(DCM)的左心室功能改善中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种检测溶血磷脂酸(LysoPA)亚型作为血清标志物在预测或辅助预测小儿扩张型心肌病(DCM)的左心室功能改善中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种LysoPA比值作为血清标志物在预测或辅助预测小儿扩张型心肌病(DCM)的左心室功能改善中的应用,所述LysoPA比值为饱和LysoPA含量/不饱和LysoPA含量的比值;优选的,LysoPA比值的截取值为≥0.8。
根据上述所述用途,所述左心室功能改善指左室逆重构(LVRR)的发生。
本发明所述溶血磷脂酸(LysoPA)亚型选自LysoPA 16:0,LysoPA 18:0,LysoPA16:1,LysoPA18:3,LysoPA 18:2和/或LysoPA18:1中的一种或其组合。
预测或辅助预测小儿扩张型心肌病(DCM)的左心室功能改善的产品适用于检测生物样品,所述生物样品优选血清。
本发明所述检测溶血磷脂酸(LysoPA)含量的物质可选自以下组中的任意一种:
1)溶血磷脂酸的结合蛋白;
2)含有1)的酶联免疫试剂盒;
3)含有1)的胶体金试纸条;
4)含有1)的化学发光试剂盒;
5)含有1)的时间分辨荧光免疫试剂盒;
6)含有1)的流式荧光检测试剂盒;
7)含有1)的免疫比浊法检测试剂盒;或
8)溶血磷脂酸(LysoPA)质谱检测试剂。
本发明上述所述结合蛋白为抗体或融合蛋白;优选的,所述抗体为单克隆抗体或纳米抗体;优选的,所述融合蛋白包含溶血磷脂酸抗体的可变区和Fc片段。
根据上述应用或用途,所述预测或辅助预测小儿扩张型心肌病(DCM)的左心室功能改善的模型中可引入一个或多个临床变量;优选的,所述临床变量包括年龄,性别,左心室射血分数和/或左室舒张末径的z-score。
术语及定义
除非特别说明,本申请中所使用的术语和定义均是本领域中惯常使用的含义并且为本领域技术人员所知晓。
术语“溶血磷脂酸”,“lysobisphosphatidic acids”,“LysoPA”,是目前已知结构最简单的甘油磷脂,其是血清中的正常组分之一,细胞内及体液中产生的LysoPA与血清白蛋白及脂蛋白结合,并保持其生物活性。其包括饱和LysoPA和不饱和LysoPA。磷脂酸(LysoPA)亚型可包含LysoPA 16:0,LysoPA 18:0,LysoPA 16:1,LysoPA 18:3,LysoPA 18:2,LysoPA18:1等。
术语“心血管疾病”是指心脏和血管的病症,包括动脉、静脉、小动脉、小静脉、和毛细血管的病症。心血管疾病的非限定实例包括心脏肥大、心肌梗死、卒中、动脉硬化、和心力衰竭。其他心血管疾病的实例是本领域已知的。
术语“扩张型心肌病”是指一种原发性心肌疾病。本病的特征为左或右心室或双侧心室扩大,并伴有心室收缩功能减退,伴或不伴充血性心力衰竭。
术语“治疗性处置”或“治疗”表示将一或多种药剂给予受试者或者对受试者的身体实施医学程序(例如,诸如器官移植或心脏手术的手术)。可以给予受试者的药剂的非限制性例子包括硝酸盐、钙通道阻滞剂、利尿剂、血栓溶解剂、毛地黄、肾素血管紧张素醛固酮系统(RAAS)调理剂(例如,β-肾上腺素能阻断剂、血管收缩素转化酶抑制剂、醛固酮拮抗剂、肾素抑制剂和血管紧张素II受体阻断剂)和胆固醇降低剂(例如他汀类药物)。术语治疗性处置还包括调节(例如,增加或减少)受试者使用的一或多种药剂的剂量或频率、给予受试者一或多种新的药剂,或者从受试者的治疗方案中去掉一或多种药剂。
术语“受试者”在本发明中表示哺乳动物,尤其是人。
术语“生物样品”、“样本”包括任何体液或组织,例如血液、血清、血浆、尿液和身体组织中的一个或多个。在某些实施例中,样本为血清、血浆或血液样本。
术语“抗体”涵盖例如,单克隆抗体、多克隆抗体、单链抗体、抗体片段(其显示出所需的生物学或免疫学活性,例如Fab片段、F(ab')2片段)、嵌合抗体、全人源抗体双特异性抗体、、三特异性和多特异性抗体(例如,二体、三体、四体)、微型抗体、螯合(chelating)重组抗体、三体或二体、内抗体、纳米抗体、小模块免疫药物(small modular immunepharmaceuticals,SMIP)、结合结构域免疫球蛋白融合蛋白、骆驼化抗体和含有VHH的抗体。在本申请中,术语“免疫球蛋白”(Ig)与抗体可互换地使用。所述抗体可来自于IgA(包括IgA1和IgA2)、IgD、IgE、IgG(IgG1、IgG2、IgG3和IgG4)和IgM。
术语“特异性结合(binds specifically to)于抗原的抗体”,在含有其他蛋白的样本中优先地结合于该抗原。
本发明所述“应用”或“用途”,既可表示以疾病诊断和治疗为目的的应用,也可表示非诊断或治疗目的的应用,例如,科学研究等。
本发明的有益效果:
1)本发明首次证明lysoPA以及它的绝大部分亚型都与LVRR有着良好的相关性,是LVRR发生的独立预测因子。与LysoPA低水平的患者相比,入组时LysoPA高水平患者更可能发生LVRR。
2)本发明首次证明饱和/不饱和LPA比值的重构与LVRR存在正相关,LPA比值是LVRR发生的独立预测因子。
3)本发明首次基于LPA比值的截取值(LysoPA ratio≥0.8),提出了对DCM患者的新分层,LPA ratio≥0.8的患儿发生LVRR显著高于LPA ratio<0.8的患儿。
本发明为儿童扩张型心肌病的患者,尤其是LVRR患者的危险分层、预后和疾病进展监测提供了科学依据,极大的提早了临床积极干预的决策时机,弥补了医学行业研究和临床应用的空白,具备临床和市场应用的巨大潜力和价值。
附图说明
图1.本发明研究流程图。
图2A.发现队列中脂质类别与LVRR的相关性(Bonferroni校正(P≤0.002))。
图2B.校正年龄、性别、LVEF、LVFS和LVEDD后,发现队列中脂质类别与LVRR的相关性。
图3.在发现队列中LysoPA亚型与LVRR相关联。
图4.具有/不具有LVRR的DCM患者和发现队列中的健康对照的LysoPA亚型水平比较。
图5.具有/不具有LVRR的DCM患者和验证队列中的健康对照的LysoPA亚型水平比较。
图6.发现队列中LysoPA比率,BNP和sST2的预后值:(上图)用于预测LVRR的LysoPA比率的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线;(中图和下图)BNP和sST2的Kaplan-Meier曲线用于预测发现队列中的LVRR。
图7.验证队列中LysoPA比率,BNP和sST2的预后值:(上图)用于预测LVRR的LysoPA比率的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线;(中图和下图)BNP和sST2的Kaplan-Meier曲线用于预测发现队列中的LVRR。
图8.发现队列中有/无LVRR之间DCM患者的LysoPA比率。
图9.验证队列中有/无LVRR之间DCM患者的LysoPA比率。
具体实施方式
通过以下实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述,但应理解本发明并不受以下内容所限制。
实施例1:血清LysoPA及其亚型与1年内LVRR的相关性
1、基线特征描述
根据1年左室逆重构(LVRR)发生情况分组,扩张型心肌病患儿(Discoverycohort)的基线特征在表1中展示。65名DCM患儿经过平均320.6±74.2天的随访后,18名患儿发生LVRR。患儿的平均年龄是43.0±42.2月,40.0%为男性。LVRR组与no LVRR组患儿的入院年龄、超声心动图结果(射血分数、缩短分数和左室舒张末期内径)以及入院时用药情况均无显著差异,但LVRR组患儿的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平和总胆固醇水平显著高于no LVRR组患儿,提示LVRR患儿可能存在着脂代谢的异常。但是,既往研究认为可以用于预测不良事件的标志物ST2、BNP却没有表现出显著性的差异。
表1.发现队列扩张型心肌病患儿的基线特征
此后,我们在一个小型队列中对研究结果进行了验证。验证队列(Validationcohort)中共有27名扩张型心肌病患儿,经过平均303.2±81.8天的随访,其中9名患儿发生LVRR。患儿的平均年龄为53.6±65.3月,44.4%为男性。与no LVRR组患儿相比,LVRR组患儿的年龄和左室舒张末期内径更小,与既往报道结果一致(Fenton MJ,etal.Int J Cardiol.2018)(表2)。本发明中的两个队列的基线特征比较在表3中展示。LVRR,左心室重塑逆转;LDL,低密度脂蛋白;HDL,高密度脂蛋白;BNP,brian利尿肽;LVEF,左室射血分数;LVFS,左心室缩短分数;ACEI,血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂;对于非正态分布连续变量,使用非参数检验计算P值,对于正态分布连续变量使用t检验,对于dischotomous变量进行卡方检验。
表2.验证队列扩张型心肌病患儿的基线特征
表3.本发明中两个队列的基线特征比较
2、样本和数据采集
我们采用液相色谱串联质谱技术定量检测了26类脂质代谢物、540个脂质亚型的血清水平。经过Bonferroni校正(P≤0.002),发现仅基线血清LysoPA水平与1年LVRR显著相关(HR:2.678;95%CI:1.565-4.581;P=0.000),校正年龄、性别、LVEF、LVFS和LVEDD后,LysoPA依然与1年LVRR显著相关(HR:2.492;95%CI:1.437-4.320;P=0.001)(图2A、2B)。
此外,在发现队列中,除LPA 16:2外,其余的LPA亚型都是1年内LVRR的预测因子(图3),独立于性别、年龄、射血分数和BNP水平矫正。同时,在验证队列中,LysoPA及LysoPA亚型对1年内LVRR的预测也得到了很好的验证(表4-5)。
表4.在验证队列中脂质类别与LVRR的关联性
表5.在验证队列中脂质亚型与LVRR的关联性
值得注意的是,当我们在比较健康儿童、LVRR组患儿和no LVRR组患儿的血清LysoPA水平时,发现LVRR组患儿的LysoPA和各个亚型与健康儿童两组间差异无统计学意义,而no LVRR组患儿的LysoPA循环水平明显低于健康儿童和LVRR组患儿(图4)。在验证队列中也呈现出了一致的结果(图5)。
综上,LysoPA及其相关的亚型(LysoPA 16:0,LysoPA 18:0,LysoPA 16:1,LysoPA18:3,LysoPA 18:2和LysoPA18:1)作为新兴的生物标志物,与儿童扩张型心肌病的LVRR的发生存在着正相关,独立于已知的危险因素。
实施例2:LysoPAratio(LysoPA比率,LPA比率)对1年LVRR的预测能力强于BNP和sST2
根据是否含有双键将LysoPA亚型分为饱和LysoPA(LysoPA 16:0,LysoPA 18:0)以及不饱和LysoPA(LysoPA 16:2,LysoPA 16:1,LysoPA 18:3,LysoPA 18:2和LysoPA18:1)。我们发现LysoPA ratio,即饱和LPA与不饱和LPA的比值(LysoPA ratio=饱和LPA/不饱和LPA),经过性别、年龄、射血分数和BNP水平矫正后,是1年内LVRR的独立预测因子(HR:2.704;95%CI:1.550-4.715;P=0.000)。
然而,既往报道与DCM患儿不良心血管事件相关的危险因素BNP(HR:1.090;95%CI:0.654-1.817;P=0.741)和sST2(HR:0.770;95%CI:0.485-1.224;P=0.269)却无法预测短期的LVRR的发生(表6)。在验证队列中也呈现出了一致的结果(表7)。
表6.发现队列中LysoPA ratio、BNP、sST2与LVRR的关联性
表7.验证队列中LysoPA ratio、BNP、sST2与LVRR的关联性
当我们根据LysoPA ratio的第75百分位数(cut-off:0.8)将所有患儿进行分层时,Kaplan-Meier曲线说明LysoPA ratio≥0.8的患儿发生LVRR显著高于LysoPA ratio<0.8的患儿(LogRank P<0.05)。同时,根据既往文献报道的BNP和sST2的cut-off值(Auerbach SR,etal.Circ Heart Fail 2010/You H,et al.Can J Cardiol 2019)对所有患儿进行分层后,均不能区分出更易发生左室射血分数恢复的患儿(表8,图6)。这一部分结果同样可以在验证队列中重复出来(表9,图7)。
表8.LysoPA ratio、BNP和sST2在发现队列中LVRR的预测
表9.LysoPA ratio、BNP和sST2在验证队列中LVRR的预测
同样地,当我们也比较了健康儿童、LVRR组患儿和no LVRR组患儿的LysoPAratio。与LysoPA species一样,LVRR组患儿的LysoPA ratio与健康儿童无显著性差异,均明显高于no LVRR组患儿(图8),说明在no LVRR组中,患儿的LPA ratio更低,不饱和LysoPA占比更多。在验证队列中也呈现出了一致的结果(图9)。根据这一结果,LysoPA ratio的重构更为直接反应了疾病的潜在变化趋势。
综上,LysoPA ratio也是LVRR的独立预测因子。基于LysoPA比值的截断值,我们对DCM患儿进行了分层,结果提示LysoPA ratio≥0.8的患儿更有可能恢复。
在本发明中,我们发现lysoPA以及它的绝大部分亚型都与LVRR有着良好的相关性。与LysoPA低水平的患者相比,入组时LysoPA高水平患者似乎更可能发生LVRR。而有趣的是,我们发现这些人的LysoPA的水平与同年龄段的健康儿童相比并不差异,但二者之间的BNP和ST2水平均存在显著差异,这提示LysoPA是一类超过影像学及传统标志物的新的“临床表型”,提示更好的预后。基于这个发现,我们进一步探究了lysoPA亚型与LVRR的相关性。进一步的研究发现lysoPA绝大部分亚型的趋势与lysoPA class的趋势是一致的。在心血管疾病中,LysoPA是一类致病的脂质分子,不仅影响脂质代谢,更通过细胞表面的特异性受体调控病理过程。首先,LysoPA通过G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)发出信号,这些GPCR在偶联Gα蛋白Gα12/13家族方面非常有效,后者刺激RhoA的鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子(GEF)。活化的RhoA随后调节下游酶,从而促进细胞肥大(Xiang SY,et al.BiochimBiophys Acta.2013)。其次,LysoPA通过NF-KB通路既可以影响心肌细胞凋亡(Dong Y,etal.MediatorsInflamm.2017),也可以激活MMP从而导致纤维化(Zhou ZB,et al.Med SciMonit.2018)。而上述这些通路均和心室的重构密切相关。基于上述结果,脂质分子在心脏局部的聚集,可能造成了循环水平的升高,从而造成了心脏毒性。所以,当lysoPA在循环中提示其在心脏局部维持着较低的水平,也就造成了患儿更容易发生LVRR。健康儿童lysoPA水平更高这一点可以支持上述结果。
本发明的另一项发现是饱和/不饱和LPA比值的重构与LVRR存在正相关。基于比值的截取值(LysoPA ratio≥0.8),我们提出了对DCM患者的新分层,LPA ratio≥0.8的患儿发生LVRR显著高于LPA ratio<0.8的患儿。LysoPA包含了饱和lysoPA和不饱和lysoPA。既往研究发现,不饱和LPA诱导的VSMC去分化是通过细胞外信号调节激酶和p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶的协调激活介导的,而饱和LysoPA则不具备这种功能(Hayashi K,etal.CircRes.2001)。我们发现了在no LVRR组中不饱和LPA占比更多。循环中LysoPA不饱和键的相对变化可能反映了表明血浆脂质组的重塑以及细胞内脂代谢的扰动(Tigyi G1,et al.ProgLipid Res.2003)。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.检测溶血磷脂酸含量的物质在制备预测或辅助预测小儿扩张型心肌病的左心室功能改善的产品中的用途,所述左心室功能改善指发生左室逆重构。
2.检测溶血磷脂酸亚型含量的物质在制备预测或辅助预测小儿扩张型心肌病的左心室功能改善的产品的用途,所述左心室功能改善指发生左室逆重构,所述溶血磷脂酸亚型选自LysoPA 16:0,LysoPA 18:0,LysoPA 16:1,LysoPA 18:3,LysoPA 18:2和/或LysoPA18:1中的一种或其组合。
3.溶血磷脂酸比值在制备预测或辅助预测小儿扩张型心肌病(DCM)的左心室功能改善的产品的用途,其特征在于,所述溶血磷脂酸比值为饱和溶血磷脂酸含量/不饱和溶血磷脂酸含量的比值;所述的溶血磷脂酸比值的截取值为≥0.8,所述左心室功能改善指发生左室逆重构。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,所述产品适用于检测生物样品,所述生物样品为血清。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,所述预测或辅助预测小儿扩张型心肌病的左心室功能改善的模型中引入一个或多个临床变量;所述临床变量包括年龄,性别,左心室射血分数和/或左室舒张末径的z-score。
6.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,所述检测溶血磷脂酸含量的物质选自以下组中的任意一种:
1)溶血磷脂酸结合蛋白;
2)含有1)的酶联免疫试剂盒;
3)含有1)的胶体金试纸条;
4)含有1)的化学发光试剂盒;
5)含有1)的时间分辨荧光免疫试剂盒;
6)含有1)的流式荧光检测试剂盒;
7)含有1)的免疫比浊法检测试剂盒;或
8)溶血磷脂酸质谱检测试剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述用途,其特征在于,所述结合蛋白为抗体或融合蛋白;所述抗体为单克隆抗体或纳米抗体;所述融合蛋白包含溶血磷脂酸抗体的可变区和Fc片段。
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