CN110491995B - Perovskite solar cell packaging structure and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a perovskite solar cell packaging structure, comprising a laminate and an auxiliary frame installed around the laminate, wherein the laminate comprises a front protective layer, an upper filling layer, a perovskite solar cell, a middle filling layer, a lower filling layer and a back protective layer stacked in sequence; the lower filling layer is in direct contact with the front of the perovskite solar cell, and the lower filling layer is filled between the front and back protective layers of the perovskite solar cell; the upper filling layer is in direct contact with the back of the perovskite solar cell, and the upper filling layer is filled between the back and front protective layers of the perovskite solar cell. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention can control the current, voltage and power generation of the entire photovoltaic module through the interconnection of plug-and-play metal electrodes, and the module is easy to install, and at the same time can improve the stability of the monomer perovskite solar cell to extend the life of the photovoltaic module.

Description

A perovskite solar cell packaging structure and method

Technical Field

The present invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular relates to a packaging method based on perovskite solar cells.

Background technique

At present, the industrialization technology of crystalline silicon solar cells is very mature. However, compared with traditional energy sources, the high cost of power generation restricts the large-scale popularization of crystalline silicon solar cells. In recent years, perovskite solar cells have developed rapidly, and their advantages are very prominent: 1. Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials are simple to make and low in cost; 2. They have a more suitable band gap width (1.5-2.3eV) and a larger light absorption range; 3. The charge diffusion length is as high as micrometers, and the charge life is long; 4. Flexible and transparent batteries can be prepared. Therefore, perovskite solar cells and related materials have become a hot research topic in the photovoltaic field. At present, they have achieved a photoelectric conversion efficiency of more than 23%, and their application prospects are very broad.

However, in the typical perovskite solar cell structure, metal is used as the top electrode and Spiro-OMeTAD (2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene) is used as the hole transport layer. However, metal materials are expensive and require high manufacturing process equipment; the hole transport layer has poor stability and is expensive. The new carbon material has become a good alternative material, with energy levels close to those of metals and good hole collection capabilities.

The stability of single perovskite solar cells is poor, and the single cell area is small, the power generation is small, the current and voltage do not meet the power supply requirements of common devices, and the conductive glass used as the substrate is not tempered glass, which is not suitable for application requirements such as photovoltaic building integration. For example: Patent CN207217595U and Patent CN207009453U respectively disclose a packaging structure of a perovskite solar cell to prevent leakage and improve battery durability. However, the existing packaging technology only protects the battery and cannot flexibly adjust the open circuit voltage and current density. The water vapor permeability at the connection between the positive and negative electrodes is high, which will affect the life of the perovskite solar cell, which is extremely sensitive to water.

Summary of the invention

In view of the problems of poor stability and low power generation of perovskite solar cell photovoltaic modules in the prior art, a perovskite solar cell packaging structure and method are provided to improve the performance and practicality of photovoltaic cells.

This perovskite solar cell packaging structure includes a laminate and an auxiliary frame installed around the laminate, wherein the laminate includes a front protective layer, an upper filling layer, a perovskite solar cell, a middle filling layer, a lower filling layer and a back protective layer stacked in sequence; the lower filling layer is in direct contact with the front of the perovskite solar cell, and the lower filling layer is filled between the front and back protective layers of the perovskite solar cell; the upper filling layer is in direct contact with the back of the perovskite solar cell, and the upper filling layer is filled between the back and front protective layers of the perovskite solar cell; metal electrodes are respectively provided at different ends of the inner sides of the front protective layer and the back protective layer; the front protective layer and the back protective layer are both provided with internal connectors; the positive and negative electrodes of the perovskite solar cell are respectively connected to the back protective layer and the conductive layer inside the front protective layer through the internal connectors; the single laminates are connected from the metal electrode of one laminate to the metal electrode of another laminate through external connectors and fixed by the auxiliary frame; the front protective layer and the back protective layer are both composed of a substrate and a conductive layer.

Preferably, the external connecting member is a conductive metal sheet with a certain elasticity, such as a copper sheet.

Preferably, the perovskite solar cell comprises a bottom electrode (positive electrode), a transition layer, a perovskite layer, a transition layer and a top electrode (negative electrode) arranged in sequence, the transition layer between the bottom electrode and the perovskite layer is an electron transport layer, and the transition layer between the top electrode and the perovskite layer is a hole transport layer; the perovskite solar cell is a single-substrate cell or a cell string composed of a plurality of perovskite solar cells. If the cell string is composed of a plurality of perovskite solar cells, adjacent perovskite solar cells are connected by metal electrodes, that is, the metal electrode is connected from the positive electrode of one perovskite solar cell to the negative electrode of another adjacent perovskite solar cell; or, the metal electrode connects the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes of two adjacent perovskite solar cells respectively; the middle filling layer is filled between adjacent perovskite solar cells; the metal electrode is a tinned copper strip or a conductive adhesive with a width of 0.5 mm to 10 mm.

Preferably, the material of the upper filling layer, the middle filling layer and the lower filling layer is polyethylene octene co-elastomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral or silicone resin; the thickness of the upper filling layer and the lower filling layer is 0.1mm to 5mm, and the thickness of the middle filling layer is the same as that of the perovskite solar cell.

Preferably: the front protective layer is composed of a front protective layer substrate and a front protective layer conductive layer, and the back protective layer is composed of a back protective layer substrate and a back protective layer conductive layer; the material of the front protective layer conductive layer and the back protective layer conductive layer is FTO, ITO or AZO made by CVD or the like; the material of the front protective layer substrate and the back protective layer substrate is ultra-white glass, tempered glass or transparent polymer material; the thickness of the front protective layer and the back protective layer is 0.1μm to 10mm.

Preferably: a flexible sealing gasket is provided on the inner side of the auxiliary frame and fixed on the inner surface; the materials of the auxiliary frame and the sealing gasket are silicone, butyl rubber or thermoplastic polymer material; the sealing gasket is fixed on the inner surface of the auxiliary frame to improve the waterproof performance of the connection; the auxiliary frame also includes an external connector, which can simultaneously play a fixing, sealing and conductive role in different battery connection modes; the battery connection mode between the perovskite solar cells includes series connection and parallel connection, wherein the series connection includes horizontal string and vertical string; in the series connection structure in which the positive electrode of one perovskite solar cell is connected to the negative electrode of another adjacent perovskite solar cell, the series connection in the direction of the battery positive and negative electrode connection is a horizontal string, and is fixed by the auxiliary frame; the series connection in the direction perpendicular to the battery positive and negative electrode connection direction is a vertical string, and the external connector in the auxiliary frame connects the positive and negative electrodes of two adjacent perovskite solar cells; in the parallel structure of two adjacent perovskite solar cells, the external connector in the auxiliary frame connects the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes of the two adjacent perovskite solar cells respectively.

The packaging method of the perovskite solar cell packaging structure comprises the following steps:

1) Lay the back protective layer, the lower filling layer, the middle filling layer, the perovskite solar cell, the upper filling layer and the front protective layer in a certain layer and put them into a laminator;

2) In a laminator, heating is performed to melt the lower filling layer, the middle filling layer and the upper filling layer to bond the front protection layer, the perovskite solar cell and the back protection layer together to form a laminate, which is then taken out after cooling;

3) Connect the laminated parts as needed and install the auxiliary frame for fixing.

Preferably, in step 1), the thicknesses of the lower filling layer, the middle filling layer and the upper filling layer are adjusted according to different battery thicknesses and packaging structures of the laminate.

Preferably, in step 2), the perovskite light absorbing layer is made of pure inorganic perovskite or organic perovskite, and the curing temperatures of the lower filling layer, the middle filling layer and the upper filling layer are adjusted according to the difference in temperature resistance caused by different types of perovskite light absorbing layers of the perovskite solar cell.

Preferably, in step 2), the lamination temperature ranges from 100° C. to 150° C., and the lamination time ranges from 15 min to 30 min.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1) The present invention can control the overall current, voltage and power generation of the photovoltaic module through plug-and-play metal electrodes connected to each other, and the module is easy to install. At the same time, it can improve the stability of the single perovskite solar cell to extend the life of the photovoltaic module.

2) The present invention can be made into a high-voltage, high-current component by connecting multiple perovskite solar cells, and the front protective layer and the back protective layer can improve the mechanical compressive resistance of the battery, and the upper filling layer, the middle filling layer, and the lower filling layer play a role in bonding, fixing the battery, and protecting it.

3) Unlike traditional batteries, the present invention does not require the positive and negative electrodes to be led out of the filling layer through metal electrodes, thus avoiding the decrease in sealing caused by the different thermal expansion coefficients of the electrode material and the filling material and the formation of weak areas for water and oxygen penetration; this structure has good sealing properties, making the battery windproof, waterproof, and isolated from the atmosphere, avoiding environmental corrosion to the solar cell.

4) The perovskite solar module of the present invention, whose open circuit voltage and current density can be flexibly adjusted, not only solves the packaging problem of the battery, but also the battery device itself will have a wide range of uses.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a cross-sectional view of a single laminate of a perovskite solar cell encapsulation structure of the present invention;

FIG2 is a diagram showing a series (horizontal series) connection of two left and right laminates of a perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to the present invention (the actual number may be n);

FIG3 is a cross-sectional view of the left and right laminates in FIG2 after they are connected in series (horizontally);

FIG4 is a diagram of the upper and lower laminates of the perovskite solar cell packaging structure of the present invention to be connected in series (vertical series) (the actual number may be n);

FIG5 is a side view of the upper and lower laminates in FIG4 after being connected in series (vertical series);

FIG6 is a diagram of two laminated components of the perovskite solar cell packaging structure to be connected in parallel (the actual number may be n);

FIG7 is a side view of two laminates in FIG6 connected in parallel;

FIG8 is a cross-sectional view of the packaging structure of a perovskite solar cell of a comparative example.

Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. front protective layer; 1a. front protective layer substrate; 1b. front protective layer conductive layer; 2. back protective layer; 2a. back protective layer substrate; 2b. back protective layer conductive layer; 3. upper filling layer; 4a. perovskite solar cell; 4b. middle filling layer; 5. lower filling layer; 6a. internal connector; 6b. external connector; 7. metal electrode; 8. auxiliary frame; 8a. sealing gasket; 9. positive electrode; 10. negative electrode.

Detailed ways

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments. The description of the following embodiments is only used to help understand the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications may be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

The present invention can control the current, voltage and power generation of the photovoltaic module as a whole by connecting the metal electrodes 7 of the front protective layer 1 and the back protective layer 2 of the plug-and-play type, and the assembly is easy to install, and at the same time, the stability of the single perovskite solar cell can be improved to extend the life of the photovoltaic module. Specifically, by connecting multiple perovskite solar cells, a high-voltage, high-current component can be made, and the front protective layer 1 and the back protective layer 2 can improve the mechanical compressive resistance of the battery, and the upper filling layer 3, the middle filling layer 4b, and the lower filling layer 5 play a bonding, fixing battery, and protective role. Because unlike traditional batteries, the positive and negative electrodes are not required to be led out of the filling layer through the metal electrode 7, the decrease in sealing caused by the different thermal expansion coefficients of the electrode material and the filling material and the formation of weak areas of water and oxygen penetration are avoided; this structure has good sealing, so that the battery can be windproof, waterproof, and isolated from the atmosphere, avoiding environmental corrosion to the solar cell. Therefore, the perovskite solar module with flexible open circuit voltage and current density of the present invention not only solves the packaging problem of the battery, but also the battery device itself will have a wide range of uses.

As shown in FIG1 , the perovskite solar cell packaging structure comprises a laminate and an auxiliary frame 8, wherein the laminate comprises a front protective layer 1, an upper filling layer 3, a perovskite solar cell 4a, a middle filling layer 4b, a lower filling layer 5 and a back protective layer 2 stacked in sequence. The upper filling layer 3 is in direct contact with the back of the perovskite solar cell 4a, and the upper filling layer 3 is filled between the back of the perovskite solar cell 4a and the front protective layer 1. The internal connector 6a is directly connected from the back of the perovskite solar cell 4a to the front protective layer conductive layer 1b on the inner side of the front protective layer 1. The lower filling layer 5 is in direct contact with the front of the perovskite solar cell 4a, and the lower filling layer 5 is filled between the front of the perovskite solar cell 4a and the back protective layer 2, and is directly connected from the front of the perovskite solar cell 4a to the back protective layer conductive layer 2b on the inner side of the back protective layer 2 by punching or the like. The front protective layer conductive layer 1b and the back protective layer conductive layer 2b are connected to the metal electrode 7, so the positive electrode 9 and the negative electrode 10 inside the laminate are equivalent to the positive and negative electrodes of the metal electrode 7. The auxiliary frame 8 is used for series and parallel fixation between the laminates and electrode conduction.

The perovskite solar cell 4a includes a bottom electrode (positive electrode) and a transition layer, a perovskite layer, a transition layer and a top electrode (negative electrode) arranged in sequence. The transition layer between the bottom electrode and the perovskite layer is an electron transport layer, and the transition layer between the top electrode and the perovskite layer is a hole transport layer.

The upper filling layer 3, the middle filling layer 4b, and the lower filling layer 5 are made of polyethylene octene co-elastomer (POE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or silicone resin. The cross-linking temperature can be adjusted according to the difference in temperature resistance caused by different types of perovskite light-absorbing layers, so as to avoid high temperature affecting the perovskite light-absorbing layer during lamination, resulting in reduced performance. If it is a photovoltaic module, the selected curing temperature is higher. If it is an ordinary module, a thermoplastic material with a lower temperature can be selected. Ordinary modules refer to modules for indoor applications. The modules of the present invention can be directly used as part of the building itself of photovoltaic building integration.

The substrates of the front and back protective layers can be made of transparent materials such as ultra-white glass and tempered glass.

The inner sides of the front and back protective layers are both provided with conductive layers, which can be made of FTO, ATO, or AZO.

The auxiliary frame 8 is used for fixing the series and parallel connections between the laminates, and for sealing and conducting the connections.

The packaging method of the perovskite solar cell packaging structure comprises the following specific steps:

(1) Lamination: Lay the front protective layer 1, the upper filling layer 3, the perovskite solar cell 4a, the middle filling layer 4b, the lower filling layer 5, and the back protective layer 2 in a certain layer in a laminator and prepare for lamination;

(2) Component lamination: In a laminator, the laid components are heated to melt the adhesive film, and the front protective layer 1, the perovskite solar cell 4a and the back protective layer 2 are bonded together. After cooling, the laminate is taken out; before heating, the air in the components can also be evacuated by vacuuming;

(3) Frame installation: connect the laminated parts as required and install the auxiliary frame 8.

The perovskite solar cell 4a may be a single perovskite solar cell sheet or a single perovskite solar module.

Preferably, in step 2), the lamination temperature ranges from 100° C. to 150° C., and the lamination time ranges from 15 min to 30 min.

The single perovskite solar cell or single perovskite solar module is laminated into a component. The positive and negative electrodes are connected to the inner side of the positive and back protective layers. Compared with the traditional components, the positive and negative electrodes do not need to be led out of the filling layer, thus avoiding the water vapor leakage caused by the different thermal expansion coefficients between different materials. The laminated parts are plug-and-play through the metal electrode 7, and the auxiliary frame 8 provides fixed sealing and conductive functions to form a battery assembly or photovoltaic assembly, which not only improves the life and weather resistance of the single perovskite solar cell, but also makes the installation convenient, reliable and fast.

The perovskite solar cell packaging structure and method of the present invention are further described in detail below through specific embodiments.

Example 1

The packaging of a single perovskite solar cell, where only one battery is made on a single cell.

(1) An insulating line is etched at one end of the FTO glass substrate by laser, dividing the FTO glass substrate into two ends, one large and one small. Subsequent processes until carbon brushing are all carried out at the end with the large area.

(2) The FTO glass was cleaned with acetone, alkaline detergent, deionized water, and acetone ultrasonically for ten minutes respectively, and finally dried.

(3) Prepare a dense _TiO2 layer on a FTO glass substrate. The precursor solution solvent is ethanol and water. The precursor solution includes the following components: tetraisopropyl titanate (0.3 mol/L), acetylacetone (0.45 mol/L), and hydrochloric acid (0.09 mol/L). Take the precursor solution and drip it onto the cleaned FTO glass substrate so that the solution covers the entire surface of the FTO glass substrate. Spin coating is used to form a film at a spin coating speed of 3000 rpm for 20 seconds. Sinter in a muffle furnace at 510°C for 30 minutes.

(4) On the dense layer, screen-print titanium dioxide slurry as an electron transport layer with a solid content of 10% and pine alcohol as the solvent, and sinter it at 510° C. in a muffle furnace for 30 min.

(5) 461 mg of lead iodide (PbI ₂ ), 159 mg of CH ₃ NH ₃ I powder, and 78 mg of dimethyl sulfoxide were mixed in 600 mg of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to form a CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ perovskite precursor solution. The precursor solution was used as a spin coating solution to prepare a perovskite film without heat treatment by spin coating at a speed of 5000 rpm for 20 seconds and annealing at 100°C for 5 minutes.

(6) On the perovskite layer, screen-printed carbon paste is used as a hole transport layer and a counter electrode. The solid content is 37% and the solvent is pine alcohol. One end of the pattern covers the perovskite layer, and the other end crosses the etching line and directly contacts a small area of FTO glass substrate to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

(7) Lay the lower filling layer 5 on the back protection layer 2.

(8) The perovskite solar cell 4 a is placed on the lower filling layer 5 .

(9) A middle filling layer 4b is placed around the perovskite solar cell 4a.

(10) Cover the carbon counter electrode of the perovskite solar cell with a filling layer 3.

(11) The front protection layer 1 is covered on the outside of the upper filling layer 3.

(12) Use tinned copper tape to connect the positive and negative electrodes of the perovskite solar cell 4a to the conductive layers on the inner side of the back and front protective layers respectively.

(13) The arranged perovskite solar cell components are placed in a laminator, the temperature is set to 140°C, and the lamination time is 15 minutes to produce a laminated part.

Comparative Example 1

The packaging of a single perovskite solar cell, where only one battery is made on a single cell.

(1) An insulating line is etched at one end of the FTO glass substrate by laser, dividing the FTO glass substrate into two ends, one large and one small. Subsequent processes until carbon brushing are all carried out at the end with the large area.

(2) The FTO glass substrate was cleaned with acetone, alkaline detergent, deionized water, and acetone ultrasonically for ten minutes respectively, and finally dried.

(3) Prepare a dense _TiO2 layer on a FTO glass substrate. The precursor solution solvent is ethanol and water. The precursor solution includes the following components: tetraisopropyl titanate (0.3 mol/L), acetylacetone (0.45 mol/L), and hydrochloric acid (0.09 mol/L). Take the precursor solution and drip it onto the cleaned FTO glass substrate so that the solution covers the entire surface of the FTO glass substrate. Spin coating is used to form a film at a spin coating speed of 3000 rpm for 20 seconds. Sinter in a muffle furnace at 510°C for 30 minutes.

(4) On the dense layer, screen-print titanium dioxide slurry as an electron transport layer with a solid content of 10% and pine alcohol as the solvent, and sinter it at 510° C. in a muffle furnace for 30 min.

(5) 461 mg of lead iodide (PbI ₂ ), 159 mg of CH ₃ NH ₃ I powder, and 78 mg of dimethyl sulfoxide were mixed in 600 mg of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to form a CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ perovskite precursor solution. The precursor solution was used as a spin coating solution to prepare a perovskite film without heat treatment by spin coating at a speed of 5000 rpm for 20 seconds and annealing at 100°C for 5 minutes.

(6) On the perovskite layer, screen-printed carbon paste was used as a hole transport layer and a counter electrode. The solid content was 37% and the solvent was pine alcohol. One end of the pattern covered the perovskite layer, and the other end crossed the etching line and directly contacted a small area of FTO glass substrate to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

(7) Lay the lower filling layer 5 on the back protection layer 2.

(8) The perovskite solar cell 4 a is placed on the lower filling layer 5 .

(9) A middle filling layer 4b is placed around the perovskite solar cell 4a.

(10) Use tinned copper tape to lead the positive and negative electrodes of the perovskite solar cell 4a out of the middle filling layer 4b.

(11) Cover the carbon counter electrode of the perovskite solar cell with a filling layer 3.

(12) The front protection layer 1 is covered on the outside of the upper filling layer 3.

(13) Place the arranged perovskite solar cell components into a laminator, set the temperature to 140°C, and perform lamination for 15 min to produce a laminate.

Example 2

Monomer perovskite solar module assembly production, in which multiple cells are made on a single cell and connected in series and parallel, so it is called a monomer perovskite solar module.

(1) Insulating lines are etched on the FTO glass substrate using a laser to divide the FTO glass substrate into several small units of equal area.

(2) The FTO glass substrate was cleaned with acetone, alkaline detergent, deionized water, and acetone ultrasonically for ten minutes respectively, and finally dried.

(3) Prepare a dense _TiO2 layer on a FTO glass substrate. The precursor solution solvent is ethanol and water. The precursor solution includes the following components: tetraisopropyl titanate (0.3 mol/L), acetylacetone (0.45 mol/L), and hydrochloric acid (0.09 mol/L). Take the precursor solution and drip it onto the cleaned FTO glass substrate so that the solution covers the entire surface of the FTO glass substrate. Spin coating is used to form a film at a spin coating speed of 3000 rpm for 20 seconds. Sinter in a muffle furnace at 510°C for 30 minutes.

(4) On the dense layer, screen-print titanium dioxide slurry as an electron transport layer with a solid content of 10% and pine alcohol as the solvent, and sinter it at 510° C. in a muffle furnace for 30 min.

(5) On the titanium dioxide, a zirconium dioxide slurry was screen-printed as an insulating layer, with a solid content of 5% and a solvent of pine alcohol, and sintered in a muffle furnace at 510°C for 30 min.

(6) On the FTO glass substrate, a conductive silver grid was screen-printed with a solid content of 70% and a solvent of pine alcohol, and sintered in a muffle furnace at 510° C. for 30 min.

(7) 461 mg of lead iodide (PbI ₂ ), 159 mg of CH ₃ NH ₃ I powder, and 78 mg of dimethyl sulfoxide were mixed in 600 mg of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to form a CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ perovskite precursor solution. The precursor solution was used as a spin coating solution to prepare a perovskite film without heat treatment by spin coating at a speed of 5000 rpm for 20 seconds and annealing at 100°C for 5 minutes.

(8) On the perovskite layer, screen-printed carbon paste is used as a hole transport layer and a counter electrode. The solid content is 37% and the solvent is pine oil. One end of the pattern covers the perovskite layer, and the other end crosses the etching line and covers the silver wire of the next unit, thereby obtaining a perovskite solar cell series module on a single substrate.

(9) Lay the lower filling layer 5 on the back protection layer 2.

(10) The perovskite solar cell 4 a is placed on the lower filling layer 5 .

(11) A middle filling layer 4b is placed around the perovskite solar cell 4a.

(12) Cover the carbon counter electrode of the perovskite solar cell with a filling layer 3.

(13) The front protection layer 1 is covered on the outside of the upper filling layer 3.

(14) Use tinned copper tape to connect the positive and negative electrodes of the perovskite solar cell 4a to the conductive layers on the inner side of the back and front protective layers respectively.

(15) The arranged perovskite solar cell components are placed in a laminator, and the temperature is set to 140° C. and the lamination time is 15 min to produce components of a perovskite solar cell series module.

Example 3

Production of photovoltaic modules with tandem structure of perovskite solar cells.

The laminated components of the single perovskite solar modules are strung together horizontally to form a series assembly as shown in FIG. 2 , and an auxiliary frame 8 is installed.

Example 4

Production of photovoltaic modules with tandem structure of perovskite solar cells.

The laminated components of the single perovskite solar modules are made into multiple rows of series-connected components as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 . The same row is connected in series according to the structure of FIG. 2 , and different rows are connected in series according to the structure of FIG. 4 , and an auxiliary frame 8 is installed.

Example 5

Production of photovoltaic modules with parallel structure of perovskite solar cells.

The laminated components of the single perovskite solar modules are made into parallel components as shown in FIG. 6 , and the auxiliary frame 8 is installed.

The battery of comparative example 1 requires the positive and negative electrodes to be led out of the filling layer through the metal electrode 7. The different thermal expansion coefficients of the electrode material and the filling material lead to a decrease in sealing performance. After lamination, the perovskite faded after being placed indoors for one week, indicating that there was water vapor penetration. The electrodes of the embodiment of the present invention are directly connected to the inside, with good sealing performance, and there is no fading for 16 weeks. Moreover, the components of the present invention are plug-and-play, and the open circuit voltage and current density can be flexibly adjusted, which not only solves the packaging problem of the battery, but also the battery device itself will have a wide range of uses.

Claims (8)

1. A perovskite solar cell packaging structure, characterized in that it comprises a laminate and an auxiliary frame (8) installed around the laminate, wherein the laminate comprises a front protective layer (1), an upper filling layer (3), a perovskite solar cell (4a), a middle filling layer (4b), a lower filling layer (5) and a back protective layer (2) stacked in sequence; the lower filling layer (5) is in direct contact with the front side of the perovskite solar cell (4a), and the lower filling layer (5) is filled between the front side of the perovskite solar cell (4a) and the back protective layer (2); the upper filling layer (3) is in direct contact with the front side of the perovskite solar cell (4a); the lower filling layer (5 ... The back side of the perovskite solar cell (4a) is in direct contact with the back side, and the upper filling layer (3) is filled between the back side of the perovskite solar cell (4a) and the front side protective layer (1); different ends of the inner sides of the front side protective layer (1) and the back side protective layer (2) are respectively provided with metal electrodes (7); the front side protective layer (1) and the back side protective layer (2) are both provided with internal connecting members (6a); the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the perovskite solar cell (4a) are respectively connected to the conductive layer on the inner sides of the back side protective layer (2) and the front side protective layer (1) through the internal connecting members (6a); the metal electrode (7) of one laminate is connected to the metal electrode (7) of another laminate through the external connecting members (6b) A metal electrode (7) of a laminate, and fixed by an auxiliary frame (8); the front protection layer (1) and the back protection layer (2) are both composed of a substrate and a conductive layer; the external connection member (6b) is an elastic conductive metal sheet; the perovskite solar cell (4a) comprises a bottom electrode, a transition layer, a perovskite layer, a transition layer and a top electrode arranged in sequence, the transition layer between the bottom electrode and the perovskite layer is an electron transport layer, and the transition layer between the top electrode and the perovskite layer is a hole transport layer; the perovskite solar cell (4a) is a single substrate cell or a cell string composed of a plurality of perovskite solar cell sheets, if The invention relates to a battery string composed of a plurality of perovskite solar cells, wherein adjacent perovskite solar cells are connected via a metal electrode (7), that is, the metal electrode (7) is connected from the positive electrode (9) of one perovskite solar cell to the negative electrode (10) of another adjacent perovskite solar cell; or, the metal electrode (7) connects the positive electrodes (9) and the negative electrodes (10) of two adjacent perovskite solar cells respectively; the middle filling layer (4b) is filled between adjacent perovskite solar cells; the metal electrode (7) is a tinned copper strip or a conductive adhesive, and its width is 0.5 mm to 10 mm. 2. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that the material of the upper filling layer (3), the middle filling layer (4b) and the lower filling layer (5) is polyethylene octene co-elastomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral or silicone resin; the thickness of the upper filling layer (3) and the lower filling layer (5) is 0.1mm to 5mm, and the thickness of the middle filling layer (4b) is the same as the thickness of the perovskite solar cell (4a). 3. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that the front protective layer (1) is composed of a front protective layer substrate (1a) and a front protective layer conductive layer (1b), and the back protective layer (2) is composed of a back protective layer substrate (2a) and a back protective layer conductive layer (2b); the material of the front protective layer conductive layer (1b) and the back protective layer conductive layer (2b) is FTO, ITO or AZO; the material of the front protective layer substrate (1a) and the back protective layer substrate (2a) is ultra-white glass, tempered glass or transparent polymer material; the thickness of the front protective layer (1) and the back protective layer (2) is 0.1 μm to 10 mm. 4. The perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that a flexible sealing gasket (8a) is provided inside the auxiliary frame (8) and fixed on the inner surface, and the material of the auxiliary frame (8) and the sealing gasket (8a) is silica gel, butyl rubber or thermoplastic polymer material; the auxiliary frame (8) also includes an external connector (6b); the battery connection mode between the perovskite solar cell sheets includes series connection and parallel connection, wherein the series connection includes horizontal string and vertical string; the positive electrode (9) of one perovskite solar cell sheet is connected to the adjacent another perovskite solar cell sheet In the series structure of the negative electrodes (10) of the perovskite solar cells, the series connection in the direction of the connection line of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery is a horizontal series, and is fixed by an auxiliary frame (8); the series connection in a direction perpendicular to the connection line of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery is a vertical series, and the external connector (6b) in the auxiliary frame (8) connects the positive and negative electrodes of two adjacent perovskite solar cells; in the parallel structure of two adjacent perovskite solar cells, the external connector (6b) in the auxiliary frame (8) respectively connects the positive electrodes (9) and the negative electrodes (10) of the two adjacent perovskite solar cells. 5. A packaging method for the perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: 1) Laying a back protective layer (2), a lower filling layer (5), a middle filling layer (4b), a perovskite solar cell (4a), an upper filling layer (3) and a front protective layer (1) in a certain layer, and then placing them in a laminator; 2) in a laminator, heating the lower filling layer (5), the middle filling layer (4b) and the upper filling layer (3) to melt, so as to bond the front protection layer (1), the perovskite solar cell (4a) and the back protection layer (2) together to form a laminate, and taking it out after cooling; 3) Connect the laminated parts as required and install the auxiliary frame (8) for fixing. 6. The packaging method of the perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 5 is characterized in that in the step 1), the thickness of the lower filling layer (5), the middle filling layer (4b) and the upper filling layer (3) are adjusted according to the different battery thicknesses and packaging structures of the laminate. 7. The packaging method of the perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 5 is characterized in that in the step 2), the perovskite light absorbing layer adopts pure inorganic perovskite or organic perovskite, and the curing temperature of the lower filling layer (5), the middle filling layer (4b) and the upper filling layer (3) are adjusted according to the difference in temperature resistance caused by different types of perovskite light absorbing layers of the perovskite solar cell (4a). 8. The packaging method of the perovskite solar cell packaging structure according to claim 5, characterized in that in the step 2), the lamination temperature ranges from 100°C to 150°C; and the lamination time is from 15min to 30min.