CN110491752B - A Diffraction Radiation Oscillator with Multiple Electron Beams - Google Patents
A Diffraction Radiation Oscillator with Multiple Electron Beams Download PDFInfo
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- CN110491752B CN110491752B CN201910665293.8A CN201910665293A CN110491752B CN 110491752 B CN110491752 B CN 110491752B CN 201910665293 A CN201910665293 A CN 201910665293A CN 110491752 B CN110491752 B CN 110491752B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多电子束的绕射辐射振荡器包括：开放式结构的上、下两个镜面及多组对称双光栅；发射极发射的电子通过双光栅缝隙时，会被沿光栅表面传播的电磁波调制形成电子束团，调制形成的电子束团向空间激发空间电荷波，空间电荷波在上下镜面的反射作用下，在腔体内形成稳定的高频振荡，高频电场反过来再与电子束发生注波互作用，发生能量交换，其能量叠加之后通过输出端口耦合出，以此提高器件的输出功率。
The invention discloses a multi-electron beam diffraction radiation oscillator, comprising: upper and lower mirror surfaces of an open structure and multiple sets of symmetrical double gratings; when electrons emitted by an emitter pass through the double grating slits, they will be moved along the surface of the grating. The propagating electromagnetic waves are modulated to form electron clusters, and the electron clusters formed by modulation excite space charge waves into space. The space charge waves form stable high-frequency oscillations in the cavity under the reflection of the upper and lower mirrors. The electron beam interacts with the injection wave, and the energy exchange occurs. After the energy is superimposed, it is coupled out through the output port, so as to improve the output power of the device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave electro-vacuum devices, and particularly relates to a multi-electron-beam diffraction radiation oscillator.
Background
Based on the Smith-Purcell effect and principle, people develop a novel electronic device capable of working in millimeter wave and submillimeter wave bands, and the device is called as a diffraction radiation oscillator. Millimeter wave and submillimeter wave technology has significant scientific research value and application prospect in aspects such as object imaging, nondestructive testing, medical diagnosis, broadband communication, radar, etc., especially to the research of miniaturized, high power millimeter wave and submillimeter wave radiation sources.
A diffracted radiation oscillator is a high frequency system that utilizes a quasi-optical open resonator and a periodic grating. According to the Froquini theorem, the field in the periodic structure is necessarily periodic, and the periodic grating structure realizes the distribution interaction of the electron beam and the field. Compared with the traditional closed resonant cavity, the open structure can overflow the modes which do not meet the open boundary condition, thereby reducing the mode density in the cavity and reducing the mode competition. Meanwhile, the diffraction radiation oscillator also has the characteristics of low working voltage and current, high output power, high electronic efficiency, small device size, excellent frequency spectrum characteristic and high frequency stability, and has certain mechanical tuning and electrical tuning characteristics, so that the device has certain bandwidth.
With the increase of the frequency, the output power of the device is obviously reduced, and if the output power of the device can be further increased on the basis, the application value of the device can be further increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a multi-electron beam diffraction radiation oscillator, which improves the output power of a device by forming a high-frequency system by an open quasi-optical resonant cavity and a periodic grating.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a diffracted radiation oscillator for a multi-electron beam, comprising: the upper and lower mirror surfaces of the open structure and a plurality of groups of symmetrical double gratings;
the upper mirror surface is a cylindrical mirror which is inwards concave, and a coupling hole is formed in the center of the cylindrical mirror and is used for coupling and outputting the amplified high-frequency field energy;
the lower mirror surface is a plane mirror, and a certain distance is reserved between the upper mirror surface and the lower mirror surface, so that the diffraction radiation oscillator is of an open structure; a rectangular groove is formed in the plane mirror, a plurality of groups of symmetrical double gratings are placed at the bottommost part of the rectangular groove, the hollowed rectangular groove above the gratings is a matching groove, and the plurality of groups of symmetrical double gratings are matched by changing the width of the matching groove and the distance between the two mirror surfaces;
the multiple groups of symmetrical double gratings are arranged side by side, each group of symmetrical double gratings is separated by a metal baffle, the left end and the right end of each group of symmetrical double gratings are respectively an emitting electrode and a receiving electrode of an electron beam, and a grating gap between the emitting electrode and the receiving electrode is an electron injection channel;
the emitter of multiple groups of symmetrical double gratings emits electron beams at the same time, the electron beams are input to the corresponding electron injection channels, the multiple groups of electron beams pass through the electron injection channels at the same time, due to the periodicity and slow wave characteristics of the double grating structure, each group of electron beams can be modulated into an electron beam group by slow electromagnetic waves propagating along the surfaces of the symmetrical double gratings, the electron beam group excites space charge waves to space, the space charge waves form stable high-frequency oscillating electric fields in the cavity under the reflection action of the upper and lower mirror surfaces, the high-frequency oscillating electric fields in turn have wave injection interaction with the electron beams, electrons lose energy, the high-frequency fields obtain energy to realize energy exchange, each electron beam can have wave injection interaction with the high-frequency oscillating electric fields due to the same structure and size parameters of each symmetrical double grating, the high-frequency fields with the same frequency are formed, and finally, the electrons having wave injection interaction with the high-frequency fields are collected by a collector, and the high-frequency oscillation electric fields after the energy is exchanged are superposed at the output port and are coupled and output through the output port, so that the output power of the device is improved.
The invention aims to realize the following steps:
the present invention provides a multi-electron beam diffraction radiation oscillator, including: the upper and lower mirror surfaces of the open structure and a plurality of groups of symmetrical double gratings; when passing through the double-grating gap, electrons emitted by the emitting electrode are modulated by electromagnetic waves transmitted along the grating surface to form an electron beam group, the modulated electron beam group excites space charge waves to the space, the space charge waves form stable high-frequency oscillation in the cavity under the reflection action of the upper and lower mirror surfaces, the high-frequency electric field in turn has wave injection interaction with the electron beams to generate energy exchange, and the energy is coupled out through the output port after being superposed, so that the output power of the device is improved.
Meanwhile, the multi-electron beam diffraction radiation oscillator also has the following beneficial effects:
(1) under the condition that the working frequency band is the same as that of the single-electron-beam diffraction radiation oscillator, the multi-electron-beam diffraction radiation oscillator provided by the invention has the advantages that the power output is greatly improved under the condition that the working voltage is slightly lower than that of the single-electron-beam diffraction radiation oscillator because the multiple groups of electron beams can perform wave injection interaction with a high-frequency electric field;
(2) the multi-electron beam diffraction radiation oscillator has the advantages that the electron beam channel size of each slow-wave circuit is the same as that of a single-electron beam in design, and the high-frequency system comprises the slow-wave circuits of the single-electron beam diffraction radiation oscillator, so that the available current of the whole tube can be multiplied under the condition that the current density is not increased;
(3) the multi-electron beam diffraction radiation oscillator provided by the invention has the advantages that as the plurality of groups of electron beams are arranged at the bottom of the plane mirror side by side, the focusing of the electron beams is the same as that of a single-electron beam diffraction radiation oscillator, only one focusing system is needed, and no additional focusing system is needed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of one embodiment of a multiple electron beam diffracted radiation oscillator of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a three-dimensional structure of a longitudinal section of a multi-electron beam diffraction radiation oscillator according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a symmetrical dual grating three-dimensional structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the upper mirror of a multi-electron beam diffracted radiation oscillator of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of the output signal of a multiple electron beam diffracted radiation oscillator of the present invention as a function of time;
FIG. 6 is a graph of Fourier transform results of output signals from a multiple electron beam diffracted radiation oscillator of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of the output signal of the single-beam diffracted radiation oscillator with time, which has the same structure and the same frequency band as the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in order to better understand the present invention for those skilled in the art with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be expressly noted that in the following description, a detailed description of known functions and designs will be omitted when it may obscure the subject matter of the present invention.
Examples
FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a multi-electron beam diffracted radiation oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a multi-electron beam diffraction radiation oscillator of the present invention includes: the upper and lower mirror surfaces of the open structure and a plurality of groups of symmetrical double gratings;
as shown in fig. 4, the upper mirror surface is a concave cylindrical mirror, and a coupling hole is formed in the center of the cylindrical mirror for coupling and outputting the amplified high-frequency field energy; in this embodiment, the upper mirror surface may also be a plane mirror or an inwardly concave spherical mirror, and an appropriate mirror surface structure may be selected according to specific situations.
The lower mirror surface is a plane mirror, and a certain distance is reserved between the upper mirror surface and the lower mirror surface, so that the diffraction radiation oscillator is of an open structure; as shown in fig. 2, a rectangular groove is formed in the plane mirror, a plurality of groups of symmetrical double gratings are placed at the bottommost part of the rectangular groove, the hollowed rectangular groove above the grating is a matching groove, and the plurality of groups of symmetrical double gratings are matched by changing the width of the matching groove and the distance between the two mirror surfaces;
as shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, three sets of symmetrical bigratings are placed side by side, each set of symmetrical bigratings is separated by a metal baffle, and the metal baffle functions to form an electrical wall to ensure that the field form in each set of symmetrical gratings is the same, and simultaneously reduce the electromagnetic field interference between the symmetrical bigratings, so that the interaction between the three electron beams and the field forms a superimposed result;
the left end and the right end of each group of symmetrical double gratings are respectively an emitter and a receiver of an electron beam, the emitter is used for generating the electron beam, the receiver is used for receiving the electron beam, a grating gap between the emitter and the receiver is an electron injection channel, and the electron beam generated by the emitter is received by the receiver after passing through the electron injection channel; then a plurality of electron beams are generated under a plurality of emitting electrodes, and the electron beams determine that more electrons can perform injection wave interaction with the high-frequency electric field;
in the present embodiment, the structure of the single set of symmetric bigratings is shown in fig. 3, and the symmetric bigratings have periodicity and slow-wave characteristics;
the emitter of multiple groups of symmetrical double gratings emits electron beams at the same time, the electron beams are input to the corresponding electron injection channels, the multiple groups of electron beams pass through the electron injection channels at the same time, due to the periodicity and slow wave characteristics of the double grating structure, each group of electron beams can be modulated into an electron beam group by slow electromagnetic waves propagating along the surfaces of the symmetrical double gratings, the electron beam group excites space charge waves to space, the space charge waves form stable high-frequency oscillating electric fields in the cavity under the reflection action of the upper and lower mirror surfaces, the high-frequency oscillating electric fields in turn have wave injection interaction with the electron beams, electrons lose energy, the high-frequency fields obtain energy to realize energy exchange, each electron beam can have wave injection interaction with the high-frequency oscillating electric fields due to the same structure and size parameters of each symmetrical double grating, the high-frequency fields with the same frequency are formed, and finally, the electrons having wave injection interaction with the high-frequency fields are collected by a collector, and the high-frequency oscillation electric fields after the energy is exchanged are superposed at the output port and are coupled and output through the output port, so that the output power of the device is improved.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of the output signal of a multiple electron beam diffracted radiation oscillator of the present invention as a function of time;
in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, when the dc input power is 45.05W, the steady output state is reached after about 14ns, the amplitude of the output signal is about 5V, the corresponding output power is 12.5W, and the electron beam efficiency is about 9.2%.
FIG. 6 is a graph of Fourier transform results of output signals from a multiple electron beam diffracted radiation oscillator of the present invention;
in this embodiment, the result of the beam-injection interaction shown in fig. 5 is fourier-transformed to obtain the spectrum shown in fig. 6, and it can be seen from the graph that the spectrum is pure when the operating frequency is about 336 GHz.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of the output signal of the single-beam diffracted radiation oscillator with time, which has the same structure and the same frequency band as the present embodiment.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, when the dc input power is 45.9W, the single-electron beam diffraction radiation oscillator outputs a steady state after about 12ns at an operating frequency of 340GHz, the output signal amplitude is 3.05V, the corresponding output power is 4.65W, and the electron beam efficiency is about 10.4%.
In summary, the high-frequency system is composed of the open quasi-optical resonant cavity and the periodic grating, and the output power of the device can be improved.
Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes may be made apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all matters of the invention which utilize the inventive concepts are protected.
Claims (1)
1. A multi-electron beam diffracted radiation oscillator, comprising: the upper and lower mirror surfaces of the open structure and a plurality of groups of symmetrical double gratings;
the upper mirror surface is a cylindrical mirror or a plane mirror or a spherical mirror which is inwards concave, and the right center of the cylindrical mirror or the plane mirror or the spherical mirror is provided with a coupling hole for coupling and outputting the amplified high-frequency field energy;
the lower mirror surface is a plane mirror, and a certain distance is reserved between the upper mirror surface and the lower mirror surface, so that the diffraction radiation oscillator is of an open structure; a rectangular groove is formed in the plane mirror, a plurality of groups of symmetrical double gratings are placed at the bottommost part of the rectangular groove, the hollowed rectangular groove above the gratings is a matching groove, and the plurality of groups of symmetrical double gratings are matched by changing the width of the matching groove and the distance between the two mirror surfaces;
the multiple groups of symmetrical double gratings are arranged side by side, each group of symmetrical double gratings are separated by a metal baffle, and an electric wall is formed by the metal baffles, so that the fields in each group of symmetrical gratings have the same form; the left end and the right end of each group of symmetrical double gratings are respectively an emitting electrode and a receiving electrode of an electron beam, and a grating gap between the emitting electrode and the receiving electrode is an electron injection channel;
the emitter of multiple groups of symmetrical double gratings emits electron beams at the same time, the electron beams are input to the corresponding electron injection channels, the multiple groups of electron beams pass through the electron injection channels at the same time, due to the periodicity and slow wave characteristics of the double grating structure, each group of electron beams can be modulated into an electron beam group by slow electromagnetic waves propagating along the surfaces of the symmetrical double gratings, the electron beam group excites space charge waves to space, the space charge waves form stable high-frequency oscillating electric fields in the cavity under the reflection action of the upper and lower mirror surfaces, the high-frequency oscillating electric fields in turn have wave injection interaction with the electron beams, electrons lose energy, the high-frequency fields obtain energy to realize energy exchange, each electron beam can have wave injection interaction with the high-frequency oscillating electric fields due to the same structure and size parameters of each symmetrical double grating, the high-frequency fields with the same frequency are formed, and finally, the electrons having wave injection interaction with the high-frequency fields are collected by a collector, and the high-frequency oscillation electric fields after the energy is exchanged are superposed at the output port and are coupled and output through the output port, so that the output power of the device is improved.
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| CN111799640B (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2021-07-27 | 清华大学 | Terahertz radiator based on stimulated amplification of coherent SPR radiation |
| CN111916323B (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-10-11 | 电子科技大学 | Overmode Dual Band Extended Interaction Oscillator Based on 3D Metal Gate |
| CN114724906B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2023-04-18 | 电子科技大学 | Grating extension interaction cavity structure |
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| WO2009114125A2 (en) * | 2008-03-13 | 2009-09-17 | Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. | Nonlinear crystal and waveguide array for generation of terahertz radiation |
| CN103532505A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2014-01-22 | 电子科技大学 | Slotted hole high-frequency device applied to terahertz amplifier |
| CN105355528A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-02-24 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Dual-electron-beam terahertz wave radiation source in overmode cascading high frequency structure |
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| FR3004294B1 (en) * | 2013-04-05 | 2015-05-15 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR GENERATING COHERENT SMITH-PURCELL RADIATION |
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| WO2009114125A2 (en) * | 2008-03-13 | 2009-09-17 | Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. | Nonlinear crystal and waveguide array for generation of terahertz radiation |
| CN103532505A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2014-01-22 | 电子科技大学 | Slotted hole high-frequency device applied to terahertz amplifier |
| CN105355528A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-02-24 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Dual-electron-beam terahertz wave radiation source in overmode cascading high frequency structure |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| "DIELECTRIC-PLATE-IMPLANTED HIGHER ORDER MODE (HOM) WAVEGUIDE FOR HIGH INTENSITY MULTI-BEAM DEVICE APPLICATION";Young-Min Shin等;《Proceedings of the third International Particle Accelerator Conference （IPAC 2012)》;20120131;全文 * |
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