CN110485984A - 一种半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备 - Google Patents
一种半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备,整个设备的直线连接和特殊底盘的设计,使其重心双重降低,稳定性和安全性都得到了很好的保证,结构更简单,投资成本和运营成本降低,压裂现场的整个瘫痪的风险降低,传动性好,适合于长时间大负载的连续作业工况。通过对柱塞泵的改进:曲拐与曲轴的旋转中心距离的优化使其额定输入功率提升到5000‑7000hp,柱塞泵上集成减速箱传动比的优化,使其最高输入转速达到16000rpm,超高的转速让减速箱可以直接与涡轮发动机相连,以解决涡轮压裂设备依靠两个减速箱减速,从而降低整车的重量及减少设备外形尺寸。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及涡轮压裂技术领域,具体涉及一种半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备。
背景技术
在全球的油气田压裂作业现场,压裂设备的驱动方式主要有两种:
第一种驱动方式柴油发动机驱动,具体的方案是柴油发动机连接变速箱经传动轴驱动压裂柱塞泵工作。也就是说,动力源是柴油发动机,传动装置是变速箱和传动轴,执行元件是压裂柱塞泵。.
该配置模式存在以下缺点:
(1)、体积大重量大:柴油机驱动变速箱经传动轴驱动压裂柱塞泵,体积大,重量大,运输受限,功率密度小。
(2)、不环保:柴油发动机驱动的压裂设备在井场运行过程中,会产生发动机废气污染和噪音污染,噪音超过105dBA,严重影响周围居民的正常生活。
(3)、不经济:柴油发动机驱动的压裂设备,设备初期的采购成本比较高,设备运行时单位功率燃料消耗费用高,发动机和变
速箱的日常维护保养费用也很高。
第二种驱动方式是电驱压裂,具体的方案是电动机连接传动轴或者联轴器驱动压裂柱塞泵工作。也就是说,动力源是电动机,传动装置是传动轴或者联轴器,执行元件是压裂柱塞泵。
电驱压裂本身虽然有很多优点,但是压裂井场的供电是电驱压裂实施的先决条件。通常情况下,压裂井场的供电问题并不好解决。要么井场的电网容量太小,带不动整个压裂机组;要么就是井场根本没有电网。所以常见的电驱压裂现场通常会使用发电机发电,最经济的发电燃料是采用天然气,但采用天然气需要用户租用或者购买燃气发电机组。对于一个没有电网的压裂井场来说,燃气发电机组的功率至少需要达到30MW,这对客户来说,购进如此大功率的燃气发电机组是笔不少的投资。更重要的是实际施工过程中因为燃气发电机组故障停机,则整个电驱压裂机组都会瘫痪,严重影响作业质量甚至还可能会导致作业事故。
为此亟待一种新的压裂设备,解决上述现有柴油发动机驱动压裂和电驱压裂的缺点,可以更好的满足全球油气田压裂市场的需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的克服现有技术的不足,提供一种半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备,整个设备的直线连接和特殊底盘的设计,使其重心双重降低,稳定性和安全性都得到了很好的保证,结构更简单,投资成本和运营成本降低,压裂现场的整个瘫痪的风险降低,传动性好,适合于长时间大负载的连续作业工况。通过对柱塞泵的改进:曲拐与曲轴的旋转中心距离的优化使其额定输入功率提升到5000-7000hp,柱塞泵上集成减速箱传动比的优化,使其最高输入转速达到16000rpm,超高的转速让减速箱可以直接与涡轮发动机相连,以解决涡轮压裂设备依靠两个减速箱减速,从而降低整车的重量及减少设备外形尺寸。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术措施达到的:一种半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备,所述涡轮压裂设备包括运输装置,排气系统,涡轮发动机和柱塞泵,所述排气系统与涡轮发动机的排气口连接,所述涡轮发动机的输出端与柱塞泵直接连接,所述运输装置用于承载排气系统,涡轮发动机和柱塞泵,所述柱塞泵包括动力端总成、液力端总成和减速箱总成,所述动力端总成的一端与液力端总成连接,所述动力端总成的另一端与减速箱总成连接,所述减速箱总成包括行星减速箱和平行级减速箱,所述行星减速箱和平行级减速箱配合使用,其传动比为60:1—106:1。
进一步地,所述排气系统、涡轮发动机和柱塞泵沿着动力传动的方向设在同一条直线上。
进一步地,所述行星减速箱有2个,包括第一行星减速箱和第二行星减速箱,第一行星减速箱的一端与动力端总成连接,第一行星减速箱的另一端与平行级减速箱连接,平行级减速箱的另一端与第二行星减速箱连接。
进一步地,所述行星减速箱包括一个太阳轮、四个行星齿轮和一个齿轮圈,四个行星齿轮组成行星齿轮机构,太阳轮位于行星齿轮机构中心,行星齿轮和相邻的太阳轮、齿轮圈处于常啮合状态,所述平行级减速箱包括小齿轮和大齿轮,小齿轮与第一行星减速箱中的太阳轮同轴,大齿轮与第二行星减速箱的太阳轮同轴。
进一步地,所述减速箱总成的输入角度可以根据输入要求进行调整。
进一步地,所述动力端总成的另一端与减速箱总成通过花键或者柔性联轴器连接。
进一步地,所述动力端总成包括曲轴箱体、十字头箱体和间隔架,所述十字头箱体的一端与曲轴箱体连接,所述十字头箱体的另一端与间隔架连接,液力端总成设在间隔架一端,通过螺栓依次穿过间隔架、十字头箱体与曲轴箱体连接,减速箱总成通过螺栓与曲轴箱体连接,所述曲轴箱体内的曲轴采用合金钢锻造而成,包括六个轴颈和五个曲拐,相邻两个轴颈之间设一个曲拐,所述曲拐与曲轴的旋转中心距离为120至160mm。
进一步地,所述运输装置包括底盘,所述底盘设有运输段,承载段和搭接段,所述运输段,承载段和搭接段依次连接,在涡轮压裂设备工作状态时,所述底盘的承载段能接触地面,在涡轮压裂设备运输状态时,所述底盘的承载段不接触地面。
进一步地,所述运输装置包括车轮和车轴,所述车轮设在车轴的两端,所述车轴与底盘连接,所述车轴数量为3个以上。
进一步地,在涡轮压裂设备工作状态时,所述底盘的承载段底面和车轮底部处于同一水平线上。
进一步地,所述搭接段的底部设有斜面,在斜面上设有凸起,当在涡轮压裂设备运输状态时,所述斜面能与外部拖力的设备配合使用,所述凸起能帮助固定运输装置,防止运输装置与外部拖力的设备分离。
进一步地,所述运输装置上设有液压动力单元,所述液压动力单元用于驱动涡轮压裂半挂车上的液压系统。
进一步地,所述液压动力单元为柴油发动机驱动或电动机驱动。
进一步地,所述运输装置上设有散热系统,所述散热系统对涡轮压裂半挂车上所用的油品进行冷却。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:首先,所述排气系统、涡轮发动机和柱塞泵沿着动力传动的方向设在同一条直线上,替换了现有设备中的上下结构设置,使整个设备的重心得以降低,其次采用特殊底盘的设计,使其设备重心双重降低,稳定性和安全性都得到了很好的保证,运输更方便,结构更简单,投资成本和运营成本降低。采用设备直线排布的方式,传动性好,适合于长时间大负载的连续作业工况。采用单涡轮发动机驱动单柱塞泵的模式,使压裂现场整个瘫痪的风险降低。通过对柱塞泵的改进:曲拐与曲轴的旋转中心距离的优化使其额定输入功率提升到5000-7000hp,柱塞泵上集成减速箱总成传动比的优化,使其最高输入转速达到16000rpm,超高的转速让减速箱总成可以直接与涡轮发动机相连,以替换现有涡轮压裂设备依靠两个减速箱减速,从而降低整车的重量及减少设备外形尺寸。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作详细说明。
附图说明
图1是半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备结构示意图。
图2是半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备的运输状态图。
图3是柱塞泵的结构示意图。
图4是减速箱总成的结构示意图。
图5是行星减速箱的剖视图。
图6是平行级减速箱的剖视图。
图7是动力端总成的结构示意图。
图8是曲轴结构示意图。
其中,100.液压动力单元,200.运输装置,210.斜面,220.凸起,230.水平面,240.坡面,300.排气消音器,400.排气管道,500.涡轮发动机,600.柱塞泵,700.牵引车,1动力端总成,2液力端总成,3减速箱总成,4曲轴箱体,5十字头箱体,6间隔架,7轴颈,8曲拐,9第一行星减速箱,10平行级减速箱,11第二行星减速箱,12大齿轮,13小齿轮,14行星齿轮,15齿轮圈,16太阳轮。
具体实施方式
实施例,如图1至8所示,一种半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备,所述涡轮压裂设备包括运输装置200,排气系统,涡轮发动机500和柱塞泵600,所述涡轮发动机500为整个设备动力传动系统的动力源,涡轮发动机500可以直接100%以天然气为燃料,相对于柴油驱动中的柴油消耗,以及电驱压裂设备中的燃气发电机组投资,大大降低了使用成本。当然涡轮发动机500也可以100%以燃油为燃料,优选为天然气,可以比燃油更降低燃料成本。所述排气系统与涡轮发动机500的排气口连接,所述涡轮发动机500的输出端与柱塞泵600连接。所述排气系统包括排气消音器300和排气管道400,所述排气消音器300通过排气管道400与涡轮发动机500的排气口连通。排气管道400用于将涡轮发动机500排气引导至排气消音器300内,排气消音器300可降低排气噪音。所述排气系统、涡轮发动机500和柱塞泵600沿着动力传动的方向设在同一条直线上,即排气消音器30、排气管道400、涡轮发动机500和柱塞泵600沿着动力传动的方向设在同一条直线上,可避免过多的传动损耗,保证高效的传动性能,还能比现有设备的上下结构排布降低其设备重心,安全性、稳定性更好,运输更方便,结构更简单。所述运输装置200用于承载排气系统,涡轮发动机500和柱塞泵600,所述柱塞泵600包括动力端总成1、液力端总成2和减速箱总成3,所述动力端总成1的一端与液力端总成2连接,所述动力端总成1的另一端与减速箱总成3连接,所述减速箱总成3包括行星减速箱和平行级减速箱10,所述行星减速箱和平行级减速箱10配合使用,其传动比为60:1—106:1。所述涡轮发动机500与减速箱总成3连接,减速箱总成3用于将涡轮发动机500的动力输出降速増扭后驱动柱塞泵600工作。在运输装置200上还可布置电瓶线、燃油箱、润滑油箱、液压油箱等部件,为涡轮发动机500,柱塞泵600等上装部件提供油品和支撑。
所述行星减速箱有2个,行星减速箱包括第一行星减速箱9和第二行星减速箱11,第一行星减速箱9的一端与动力端总成1的曲轴7连接,第一行星减速箱9的另一端与平行级减速箱10连接,平行级减速箱10的另一端与第二行星减速箱11连接,第二行星减速箱11的另一端与涡轮发动机500的传动轴连接。工作中,经涡轮发动机500传动轴传递出的动能,由第二行星减速箱11实现初次减速,由平行级减速箱10实现第二次减速,最后由第一行星减速箱9实现第三次减速。
通过改变减速箱总成3的传动比,从而提升最高输入转速(由现有的2100rpm增加到16000rpm,),将现有涡轮发动机500与柱塞泵600之间通过2个减速箱和一个传动轴的连接方式,缩短到涡轮发动机500可以直接与柱塞泵600上的减速箱总成3连接,还能满足其降速要求,使得整体压裂设备结构简化了,长度缩短了,运输方便了,投资成本降低了,维修方便了。
所述行星减速箱包括一个太阳轮16、四个行星齿轮14和一个齿轮圈15,四个行星齿轮14组成行星齿轮机构,太阳轮16位于行星齿轮机构中心,行星齿轮14和相邻的太阳轮16、齿轮圈15处于常啮合状态,行星级减速箱采用四个均匀分布的行星齿轮14同时传递运动和动力,四个行星齿轮14因公转而产生的离心惯性力与齿廓间反作用力的径向分力相互平衡抵消,使主轴受力减小,实现大功率传递。所述平行级减速箱10包括小齿轮13和大齿轮12,小齿轮13与第一行星减速箱9中的太阳轮16同轴,大齿轮12与第二行星减速箱11的太阳轮16同轴。在平行级减速箱10内部经小齿轮13传递给大齿轮12可以实现减速。
所述减速箱总成3的输入角度可以根据输入要求进行调整。
所述动力端总成1的另一端与减速箱总成3通过花键或者柔性联轴器连接。
所述动力端总成1采用分段式结构设计,分段式设计使动力端总成1整体结构紧凑、加工制造更为容易,整泵的装配和后期维护也更为方便,同时也降低了加工成本。所述动力端总成1包括曲轴箱体4、十字头箱体5和间隔架6,所述十字头箱体5的一端与曲轴箱体4连接,所述十字头箱体5的另一端与间隔架6连接,液力端总成2设在间隔架6一端,通过螺栓依次穿过间隔架6、十字头箱体5与曲轴箱体4连接,减速箱总成3通过螺栓与曲轴箱体4连接,所述曲轴箱体4内的曲轴7采用合金钢锻造而成,包括六个轴颈7和五个曲拐8,相邻两个轴颈7之间设一个曲拐8,即五缸结构设计,采用五缸结构设计增加了柱塞泵600输出排量,同时与三缸泵相比,五缸泵作业平稳无振动,可以减少整泵的振动,延长使用寿命;所述曲拐8与曲轴7的旋转中心距离为120至160mm。通过进一步研究曲拐8与曲轴7的旋转中心距离,提升了柱塞泵600的最大功率,达到现在的5000-7000hp,保证柱塞泵600可以输出更高的压力,即为长冲程提供技术支持,其冲程可达到10-12in。可实现大排量的作业需求,同时降低泵的冲次,提高各零部件的使用寿命。
所述运输装置200包括底盘,所述底盘设有运输段,承载段和搭接段,所述运输段,承载段和搭接段依次连接,在涡轮压裂设备工作状态时,所述底盘的承载段能接触地面,在涡轮压裂设备运输状态时,所述底盘的承载段不接触地面。
所述运输装置200包括车轮和车轴,所述车轮设在车轴的两端,所述车轴与底盘连接,所述车轴数量为3个以上,保证其充分的承载力。所述车轴设在底盘的运输段。
在涡轮压裂设备工作状态时,所述底盘的承载段底面和车轮底部处于同一水平线上。承载段底面本身为一个水平面230加一个坡面240,工作状态时,承载段底面的水平面230全接触地面,增加了设备工作的稳定性。坡面240用于涡轮压裂设备运输状态时,被抬升的底盘脱离地面方便行走的。
所述搭接段的底部设有斜面210,在斜面210上设有凸起220,当在涡轮压裂设备运输状态时,所述斜面210能与外部拖力的设备配合使用,所述凸起220能帮助固定运输装置200,防止运输装置200与外部拖力的设备分离。外部拖力的设备可以是牵引车700,凸起可以是与牵引车700配合使用的牵引销。
所述运输装置200上设有液压动力单元100,所述液压动力单元100用于驱动涡轮压裂半挂车上的液压系统。液压系统包括液压泵、液压马达、各种阀件、液压油箱、液压油散热器等,(液压系统的主要作用:用于驱动涡轮发动机500的燃油泵、涡轮发动机500的启动马达、柱塞泵600的动力端总成1润滑系统、柱塞泵600的减速箱总成3润滑系统、各种油品的散热器等)。
所述液压动力单元100为柴油发动机驱动或电动机驱动。
所述运输装置200上设有散热系统,所述散热系统对涡轮压裂半挂车上所用的油品进行冷却。所用的油品包括涡轮发动机500机油,液压油,柱塞泵600润滑油等。
本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (14)
1.一种半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备,其特征在于:所述涡轮压裂设备包括运输装置,排气系统,涡轮发动机和柱塞泵,所述排气系统与涡轮发动机的排气口连接,所述涡轮发动机的输出端与柱塞泵直接连接,所述运输装置用于承载排气系统,涡轮发动机和柱塞泵,所述柱塞泵包括动力端总成、液力端总成和减速箱总成,所述动力端总成的一端与液力端总成连接,所述动力端总成的另一端与减速箱总成连接,所述减速箱总成包括行星减速箱和平行级减速箱,所述行星减速箱和平行级减速箱配合使用,其传动比为60:1—106:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备,其特征在于:所述排气系统、涡轮发动机和柱塞泵沿着动力传动的方向设在同一条直线上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备,其特征在于:所述行星减速箱有2个,包括第一行星减速箱和第二行星减速箱,第一行星减速箱的一端与动力端总成连接,第一行星减速箱的另一端与平行级减速箱连接,平行级减速箱的另一端与第二行星减速箱连接。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备,其特征在于:所述行星减速箱包括一个太阳轮、四个行星齿轮和一个齿轮圈,四个行星齿轮组成行星齿轮机构,太阳轮位于行星齿轮机构中心,行星齿轮和相邻的太阳轮、齿轮圈处于常啮合状态,所述平行级减速箱包括小齿轮和大齿轮,小齿轮与第一行星减速箱中的太阳轮同轴,大齿轮与第二行星减速箱的太阳轮同轴。
5.根据权利要求1所述的五缸柱塞泵,其特征在于:所述减速箱总成的输入角度可以根据输入要求进行调整。
6.根据权利要求1所述的半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备,其特征在于:所述动力端总成的另一端与减速箱总成通过花键或者柔性联轴器连接。
7.根据权利要求1所述的半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备,其特征在于:所述动力端总成包括曲轴箱体、十字头箱体和间隔架,所述十字头箱体的一端与曲轴箱体连接,所述十字头箱体的另一端与间隔架连接,液力端总成设在间隔架一端,通过螺栓依次穿过间隔架、十字头箱体与曲轴箱体连接,减速箱总成通过螺栓与曲轴箱体连接,所述曲轴箱体内的曲轴采用合金钢锻造而成,包括六个轴颈和五个曲拐,相邻两个轴颈之间设一个曲拐,所述曲拐与曲轴的旋转中心距离为120至160mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备,其特征在于:所述运输装置包括底盘,所述底盘设有运输段,承载段和搭接段,所述运输段,承载段和搭接段依次连接,在涡轮压裂设备工作状态时,所述底盘的承载段能接触地面,在涡轮压裂设备运输状态时,所述底盘的承载段不接触地面。
9.根据权利要求8所述的半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备,其特征在于:所述运输装置包括车轮和车轴,所述车轮设在车轴的两端,所述车轴与底盘连接,所述车轴数量为3个以上。
10.根据权利要求9所述的半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备,其特征在于:在涡轮压裂设备工作状态时,所述底盘的承载段底面和车轮底部处于同一水平线上。
11.根据权利要求8所述的半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备,其特征在于:所述搭接段的底部设有斜面,在斜面上设有凸起,当在涡轮压裂设备运输状态时,所述斜面能与外部拖力的设备配合使用,所述凸起能帮助固定运输装置,防止运输装置与外部拖力的设备分离。
12.根据权利要求1所述的半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备,其特征在于:所述运输装置上设有液压动力单元,所述液压动力单元用于驱动涡轮压裂半挂车上的液压系统。
13.根据权利要求12所述的半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备,其特征在于:所述液压动力单元为柴油发动机驱动或电动机驱动。
14.根据权利要求1所述的半挂车载的涡轮压裂设备,其特征在于:所述运输装置上设有散热系统,所述散热系统对涡轮压裂半挂车上所用的油品进行冷却。
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US16/838,806 US20210088042A1 (en) | 2019-09-20 | 2020-04-02 | Semi-trailer-loaded turbine fracturing equipment |
US17/829,881 US11519395B2 (en) | 2019-09-20 | 2022-06-01 | Turbine-driven fracturing system on semi-trailer |
US18/047,863 US11828277B2 (en) | 2019-09-20 | 2022-10-19 | Turbine-driven fracturing system on semi-trailer |
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WO2022237209A1 (zh) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-11-17 | 烟台杰瑞石油装备技术有限公司 | 压裂设备 |
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