CN110455813B - Universal system and method for extracting irregular arc edges - Google Patents
Universal system and method for extracting irregular arc edges Download PDFInfo
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- CN110455813B CN110455813B CN201910805875.1A CN201910805875A CN110455813B CN 110455813 B CN110455813 B CN 110455813B CN 201910805875 A CN201910805875 A CN 201910805875A CN 110455813 B CN110455813 B CN 110455813B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8806—Specially adapted optical and illumination features
- G01N2021/8809—Adjustment for highlighting flaws
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8806—Specially adapted optical and illumination features
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Abstract
The system comprises an area array camera, a lens, an annular light source controller, a control computer and a detection object fixing platform; the lens is positioned above the supporting platform structure and vertically faces the sample to be detected; the area array camera is used for connecting with the lens; the annular light source is positioned between the lens and the sample to be detected and is used for irradiating the sample to be detected; the annular light source controller is electrically connected with the annular light source and the control computer; the control computer is electrically connected with the area array camera and the annular light source controller; the control computer is used for obtaining image data, analyzing image extraction edges, converting the image extraction edges into spline curves, and storing the spline curves into a file format which can be identified by 3d modeling software; the detection object fixing platform comprises a platform structure and a jig, and the horizontal angle of the platform structure is adjustable. Therefore, the invention has the advantages of simple structure and convenient operation, and the irregular arc-shaped edge can be extracted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a general system and a method for extracting irregular arc edges.
Background
In the field of appearance defect detection, many detection systems require a fixed camera to move the detection target so that parts of the area whose surface is parallel to a certain axis (typically, an axis perpendicular to the machine horizontal plane) pass through the same photographing position at the same speed while the camera photographs. To do this requires having high precision of the actual edge (spline curve describing the arc in 3D modeling software) data to generate the corresponding actual motion trajectory.
The general detection target edge data can be obtained through 3D image file data, but the 3D image file still allows the existence of tolerance, and due to the limitation of production process and cost, manufacturers often allow larger tolerance for non-key parts of the detection target, especially the arc which is irregular and cannot be described by a perfect circle, and sometimes even only the products produced by the same (or same batch of) mold have the similar edge data which can be generally used for a visual detection system. In the field of automation, the regular planar appearance detection only needs a light source and a camera with fixed angles and positions, the tolerance is also often lower, and high-precision actual edge data is not needed; the arc described by a perfect circle can also only need a rotation axis to ensure the fixing of the relative angles and positions of the camera and the light source during shooting; however, for irregular arcs (arcs that cannot be described by a perfect circle), the high-precision of the actual edge data is required for the appearance detection to generate the motion trail, so that the relative angles and positions of the camera and the light source are fixed for each frame of image. In practice, however, many industrial products have surfaces that are irregularly curved.
Therefore, the related device is designed by taking the high-precision actual edge data detection of the irregular arc as a target, the acquisition of the actual edge data is realized, and the detection of the appearance of the irregular arc is finished in an auxiliary way, so that the method is very critical and urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the present invention provides a general system for extracting irregular arc edges, which can extract irregular arc edges, has a simple structure and is convenient to operate, to society.
The invention also provides a general method for extracting the irregular arc-shaped edge, which can extract the irregular arc-shaped edge, has a simple structure and is convenient to operate.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the universal system for extracting the irregular cambered surface edge comprises an area array camera, a lens, an annular light source controller, a control computer and a detection object fixing platform;
the lens is positioned above the supporting platform structure and vertically faces the sample to be detected;
the area array camera is used for connecting the lens;
the annular light source is positioned between the lens and the sample to be detected and is used for irradiating the sample to be detected;
the annular light source controller is connected with the annular light source; or, electrically connected with the annular light source and the control computer;
the control computer is electrically connected with the area array camera and the annular light source controller; the control computer is used for obtaining image data, analyzing image extraction edges, converting the image extraction edges into spline curves, and storing the spline curves into a file format which can be identified by 3d modeling software;
the detection object fixing platform comprises a platform structure and a jig positioned on the platform structure, wherein the jig is used for placing a detected sample, and the horizontal angle of the platform structure is adjustable.
As an improvement of the invention, the platform structure comprises a bottom plate, a platform, springs and connecting pieces, wherein the bottom plate is connected with the springs through the connecting pieces, the springs provide repulsive force between the platform and the bottom plate, the connecting pieces sequentially penetrate through the platform, the springs and the bottom plate to provide opposite force to the connecting pieces, and the horizontal angle of the connecting pieces is adjusted through the screwing degree of the four connecting pieces.
As an improvement of the invention, the center lines of the area array camera, the lens and the annular light source are on the same straight line with the center of the top view of the detected sample.
As an improvement of the invention, the mounting height of the ring-shaped light source is adjustable.
As an improvement of the invention, the mounting height and angle of the lens are adjustable.
The other scheme of the invention is as follows: the general method for extracting the irregular cambered surface edge is provided, (S1) and the shooting distortion of the area-array camera is eliminated:
(S11) firstly adjusting the height of the area-array camera to basically focus on, and then adjusting the variable angle of the lens of the area-array camera to ensure that the central axis of the lens is basically vertical to the detection position fixing platform;
(S12) placing a calibration plate on the detection object fixing platform, and finely adjusting four connecting pieces to ensure that the content of the calibration plate is free from the phenomenon of near, far and small, or using a level meter to ensure that the plane levelness of the area array camera is consistent with that of the detected sample;
(S2) extracting an edge curve object in the detected sample image:
(S21) adjusting the height and brightness of the annular light source to ensure that the contrast between the inside and outside of the edge of the detected sample is obvious;
(S22) the control computer issues an instruction to enable the area-array camera to acquire pictures, and software is used for reading the acquired pictures;
(S23) distinguishing a detected sample from a background by image binarization;
(S24) removing background noise;
(S25) obtaining a peripheral edge object by using an edge extraction algorithm and screening;
(S26) performing rotation, scaling and smoothing on the peripheral edge object to ensure that the peripheral edge object is in the same posture relative to the XYZ coordinate system as the theoretical 3D drawing and has no relevant noise;
(S27) saving the peripheral edge object in a file format recognizable by the 3d modeling software.
As an improvement of the invention, the hollow in the middle of the annular light source is larger than the visual field of the lens.
As the improvement of the invention, the (S21) adjusts the height and the brightness of the annular light source, and ensures that the contrast between the inside and the outside of the edge of the detected sample is obvious; i.e. the edge black and white pixel gray value varies by more than 15.
The invention comprises an area array camera, a lens, an annular light source controller, a control computer and a detection object fixing platform; the lens is positioned above the supporting platform structure and vertically faces the sample to be detected; the area array camera is used for connecting with the lens; the annular light source is positioned between the lens and the sample to be detected and is used for irradiating the sample to be detected; the annular light source controller is electrically connected with the annular light source and the control computer; the control computer is electrically connected with the area array camera and the annular light source controller; the control computer is used for obtaining image data, analyzing image extraction edges, converting the image extraction edges into spline curves, and storing the spline curves into a file format which can be identified by 3d modeling software; the fixed platform of the detection object comprises a platform structure and a jig positioned on the platform structure, wherein the jig is used for placing a detected sample, and the horizontal angle of the platform structure is adjustable. The system of the invention can realize the detection of products with irregular edges, so the invention has the advantages of simple structure and convenient operation, and can extract irregular arc edges.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of one embodiment of a generic system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the structure of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of the extraction of irregular curved edges in the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, fig. 1 and 2 disclose an embodiment of a general system for extracting irregular arc edges, which includes an area camera 1, a lens 2, an annular light source 31, an annular light source controller 32, a control computer 4, and a detection object fixing platform 5; the lens 2 is positioned above the supporting platform structure 5 and vertically faces the detected sample 9; the area camera 1 is used for connecting with a lens 2; the annular light source 31 is positioned between the lens 2 and the sample 9 to be inspected and is used for irradiating the sample 9 to be inspected; the annular light source controller 32 is electrically connected with the annular light source 31 and the control computer 4; the control computer 4 is electrically connected with the area array camera 1 and the annular light source controller 32; the control computer 4 is used for obtaining image data, analyzing the image extraction edge, converting the image extraction edge into a spline curve, and storing the spline curve into a file format which can be identified by 3d modeling software; the detection object fixing platform 5, the detection object fixing platform 51 comprises a platform structure 51 and a jig 52 positioned on the platform structure 51, the jig 52 is used for placing the detected sample 9, and the horizontal angle of the platform structure 51 is adjustable. In the present invention, specifically, the platform structure 51 includes a base plate 511, a platform 512, a spring and a connecting piece 514, the base plate 511 is connected with the spring through the connecting piece 514, the spring provides a repulsive force between the platform 512 and the base plate 511, the connecting piece 514 sequentially passes through the platform 512, the spring and the base plate 511 to provide a force opposite to the connecting piece 514, and the horizontal angle of the connecting piece 514 is adjusted by tightening degrees of the four connecting pieces 514. The platform 512 and the bottom plate 511 are connected with springs (not visible in the figure) through four connecting pieces 514, in this embodiment, the connecting pieces 514 are screws, the springs provide repulsive force between the platform 512 and the bottom plate 511, the screws sequentially penetrate through the platform 512, the springs and the bottom plate 511 to provide opposite force to the springs, and the horizontal angle of the platform 512 can be adjusted through the tightening degree of the four screws.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the center lines of the area camera 1, the lens 2, and the ring light source 31 are aligned with the center of the plan view of the sample 9.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the installation height of the ring-shaped light source 31 is adjustable. And the annular light source 31 needs not to block the field of view of the area camera.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the mounting height and angle of the lens 2 are adjustable. In this embodiment, the lens 2 is mounted on the mounting board, and the height and angle of the lens 2 are adjusted by setting the height and angle of the mounting board to be adjustable.
The present invention also provides a general method for extracting an irregular cambered surface edge (as shown in fig. 3, which is a flowchart for extracting an irregular cambered surface edge), comprising the following steps:
(S1) eliminating shooting distortion of an area-array camera:
(S11) firstly adjusting the height of the area-array camera 1 to basically focus upwards, and then adjusting the variable angle of the lens 2 of the area-array camera 1 to ensure that the central axis of the lens 2 is basically vertical to the detection position fixing platform 5;
(S12) placing a calibration plate on the platform 512, and finely adjusting four connecting pieces 514 to ensure that the content of the calibration plate is not close to the size, or using a level meter to ensure that the levelness of the plane of the area array camera 1 and the detected sample 9 is consistent; the lens adopted in the invention is a telecentric lens, so that calibration is not needed; if the common lens is used, the calibration plate is also required to be used for calibration.
(S2) extracting an edge curve object in the image of the detected sample 9:
(S21) adjusting the height and brightness of the annular light source 31 to ensure that the contrast between the inside and outside of the edge of the detected sample 9 is obvious;
(S22) the control computer 4 issues an instruction to enable the area camera 1 to acquire the picture, and software is used for reading the acquired picture;
(S23) distinguishing the detected sample 9 from the background by image binarization;
(S24) removing background noise;
(S25) obtaining a peripheral edge object by using an edge extraction algorithm and screening;
(S26) performing rotation, scaling and smoothing on the peripheral edge object to ensure that the peripheral edge object is in the same posture relative to the XYZ coordinate system as the theoretical 3D drawing and has no relevant noise;
(S27) saving the peripheral edge object in a file format recognizable by the 3d modeling software.
In the present invention, preferably, the hollow in the middle of the annular light source 31 is larger than the field of view of the lens 2.
In the invention, preferably, the (S21) adjusts the height and brightness of the annular light source 31 to ensure that the contrast between the inside and outside of the edge of the detected sample 9 is obvious; i.e. the edge black and white pixel gray value varies by more than 15.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the following describes the method for extracting irregular curved edges according to the present invention in further detail with reference to fig. 1, 2 and 3, by way of two examples.
Example 2: the sample to be tested is a charged shell sample, and the detection system configuration is similar to that of fig. 1 and 2.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart showing the extraction of the irregular cambered surface edge, and the whole process is divided into shooting on an imaging platform and processing on a computer.
(1) Ensuring that the area-array camera 1 can vertically shoot the detected object 9; specifically, the detected object 9 needs to be placed in the same posture as the final detection in the center of the camera field of view, and the final motion track is generally a curve in the horizontal direction, so that the edge contour is taken in a vertically downward shooting mode. Because the jig 52 is used, the calibration plate is not well placed, a leveling method is adopted, the levelness of the area array camera 1 is determined by a level meter, then the connecting piece 514 of the platform is screwed, and the product surface placed by the jig 52 is finely adjusted to be parallel to the camera.
The field of view of the area camera 1 may be required to encompass the sample under test at this time. The specific lens 2 is selected to view the field of view requirement. If the mobile phone meets the discontinuous distribution of irregular arcs such as a middle frame of the mobile phone, the mobile phone can be shot separately, and a plurality of edge data are obtained and then combined. The charging shell sample is small in size, and a single shooting is enough to cover all
(2) The height and brightness of the annular light source 31 are adjusted, so that the contrast between the inside and outside of the edge of the detected sample 9 is obvious, namely, the gray value of the black-and-white pixel of the edge is changed by more than 15. The choice of the annular light source requires that the hollow in the middle of the annular light source 31 can be larger than the view of the lens 2, i.e. the view of the camera 1 is not blocked.
(3) The control computer 4 issues an instruction to enable the area array camera 1 to acquire a picture; and reading in the acquired pictures by using software.
(4) And binarizing the inside and outside of the segmentation edge, and extracting peripheral edge objects by using operators.
(5) The peripheral edge object is smoothed using an operator, which is converted to dxf or other 3D file format export.
Example 3, the sample to be tested is a mobile phone middle frame sample, the general system configuration for extracting the irregular arc edge is basically the same as that of fig. 1 and 2 except for the jig 52, fig. 3 is a flowchart for extracting the irregular arc edge, and the whole process is divided into shooting on an imaging platform and processing on a control computer.
(1) The area camera 1 is ensured to be capable of photographing the object 9 vertically. Because the area of the mobile phone middle frame sample is larger, a calibration plate can be used. Firstly, the area-array camera 1 is adjusted to have no obvious skew, a calibration plate is placed, the operator is used for obtaining the graph data of the calibration plate (for example, the round dot calibration plate is a plurality of distances between circle centers, the checkerboard calibration plate is a plurality of distances between square centers) in real time, and then the connecting piece 514 on the platform 512 is finely adjusted to enable the graph data of the calibration plate to be consistent.
At this time, because the area of the sample of the middle frame of the mobile phone is too large, and the irregular arc line which is needed to be obtained only has four corners, the four corners can be shot separately, and finally, the data can be recombined into a complete edge by using CAD software.
(2) The height and brightness of the annular light source 31 are adjusted, so that the contrast between the inside and outside of the edge of the detected sample 9 is obvious, namely, the gray value of the black-and-white pixel of the edge is changed by more than 15. The choice of the annular light source 31 requires that the hollow in the middle of the annular light source 31 can be larger than the view of the lens 2, namely, the view of the area camera 1 is not blocked.
(3) The control computer 4 issues instructions to cause the area camera 1 to take a picture. And reading in the acquired picture by using software, and binarizing the inside and outside of the segmentation edge.
(4) Peripheral edge objects are extracted using operators.
(5) The peripheral edge object is smoothed using an operator, which is converted to dxf or other 3D file format export.
(6) After four arc data are obtained, cad software is used for processing, and a complete contour is combined.
The specific method comprises the following steps:
since the model of the area camera 1 and the lens 2 are known, the actual size of the shooting part in the picture can be calculated.
And after the edge files are sequentially imported into the CAD, the edge files are modified into the actual size. In addition, the relative positions of the edges can be known through the length and width data of the real object, and the relative positions can be modified in CAD; and finally, extending the straight line part in the edge, and connecting the four corners to obtain the complete contour data.
Claims (7)
1. A universal system for extracting irregular curved edges, characterized by: the device comprises an area array camera (1), a lens (2), an annular light source (31), an annular light source controller (32), a control computer (4) and a detection object fixing platform (5);
the lens (2) is positioned above the detection object fixing platform (5) and vertically faces the detected product (9);
the area array camera (1) is used for connecting the lens (2);
the annular light source (31) is positioned between the lens (2) and the inspected product (9) and is used for irradiating the inspected product (9);
the annular light source controller (32) is electrically connected with the annular light source (31) and the control computer (4);
a control computer (4) electrically connected with the area array camera (1) and the annular light source controller (32); the control computer (4) is used for obtaining image data, analyzing the image extraction edge, converting the image extraction edge into a spline curve, and storing the spline curve into a file format which can be identified by 3d modeling software;
the detection object fixing platform (5), the detection object fixing platform (5) comprises a platform structure (51) and a jig (52) positioned on the platform structure (51), the jig (52) is used for placing a detected product (9), and the horizontal angle of the platform structure (51) is adjustable;
the general system works as follows:
(S1) eliminating shooting distortion of an area-array camera:
(S11) firstly adjusting the height of the area-array camera (1), focusing, and then adjusting the variable angle of the lens of the area-array camera (1), so as to ensure that the central axis of the lens is basically vertical to the detection object fixing platform (5);
(S12) placing a calibration plate on the detection object fixing platform (5), and finely adjusting four screws to ensure that the content of the calibration plate is free from the phenomenon of near and far, or using a level meter to ensure that the plane levelness of the area array camera (1) is consistent with that of the detected product (9);
(S2) extracting an edge curve object in the image of the detected product (9):
(S21) adjusting the height and brightness of the annular light source (31) to ensure that the contrast between the inside and outside of the edge of the detected product (9) is obvious;
(S22) the control computer (4) issues an instruction to enable the area array camera (1) to acquire pictures, and software is used for reading the acquired pictures;
(S23) distinguishing a detected product (9) from a background by image binarization;
(S24) removing background noise;
(S25) obtaining a peripheral edge object by using an edge extraction algorithm and screening;
(S26) performing rotation, scaling and smoothing on the peripheral edge object to ensure that the peripheral edge object is in the same posture relative to the XYZ coordinate system as the theoretical 3D drawing and has no relevant noise;
(S27) saving the peripheral edge object in a file format recognizable by the 3d modeling software.
2. The universal system for extracting irregular cambered edges according to claim 1, wherein: the platform structure (51) comprises a bottom plate (511), a platform (512), springs and connecting pieces (514), wherein the bottom plate (511) is connected with the springs through the connecting pieces (514), the springs provide repulsive force between the platform (512) and the bottom plate (511), the connecting pieces (514) sequentially penetrate through the platform (512), the springs and the bottom plate (511) to provide force opposite to the connecting pieces (514), and the horizontal angle of the connecting pieces is adjusted through the screwing degree of the four connecting pieces (514).
3. The universal system for extracting irregular cambered edges according to claim 1, wherein: the center lines of the area camera (1), the lens (2) and the annular light source (31) are on the same straight line with the center of the top view of the detected product (9).
4. The universal system for extracting irregular cambered edges according to claim 1, wherein: the mounting height of the annular light source (31) is adjustable.
5. The universal system for extracting irregular cambered edges according to claim 1, wherein: the mounting height and angle of the lens (2) are adjustable.
6. The universal system for extracting irregular cambered edges according to claim 1, wherein: the hollow in the middle of the annular light source (31) is larger than the visual field of the lens (2).
7. The universal system for extracting irregular cambered edges according to claim 1, wherein: and S21, adjusting the height and the brightness of the annular light source 31, and ensuring that the contrast between the inside and outside of the edge of the detected product 9 is obviously that the gray value change of the black and white pixel of the edge is larger than 15.
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CN114235844A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-03-25 | 上海珂明注塑系统科技有限公司 | Detection device and method for acquiring container outer surface image by reflection |
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