CN110448928A - A kind of air-liquid-solid downlink cycle fluidized bed evaporation device and its operating method - Google Patents
A kind of air-liquid-solid downlink cycle fluidized bed evaporation device and its operating method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- -1 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/0094—Evaporating with forced circulation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
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Abstract
本发明属于蒸发器技术领域，公开了一种汽‑液‑固三相下行循环流化床蒸发装置及其操作方法，加热管竖直设置且其上端为入口、下端为出口；加热管的出口经第一连接管路与蒸发室的入口相连，蒸发室的上部出口与冷凝器相连，蒸发室的下部出口与循环管的入口相连，循环管的出口与循环泵的入口相连，循环泵的出口经第二连接管路与加热管的入口相连；循环泵为半开式离心泵；循环管上安装有电磁流量计并连接有在线颗粒投加装置，第一连接管路上连接有在线颗粒收集装置；在线颗粒投加装置和在线颗粒收集装置分别用于加入和收集聚甲醛颗粒。本发明将流化床换热防垢节能技术应用于下行蒸发装置中，操作简单，有效地提高了下行蒸发装置的传热性能。
The invention belongs to the technical field of evaporators, and discloses a vapor-liquid-solid three-phase descending circulating fluidized bed evaporation device and an operation method thereof. The first connecting pipeline is connected to the inlet of the evaporation chamber, the upper outlet of the evaporation chamber is connected to the condenser, the lower outlet of the evaporation chamber is connected to the inlet of the circulation pipe, the outlet of the circulation pipe is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump, and the outlet of the circulation pump It is connected with the inlet of the heating pipe through the second connecting pipeline; the circulating pump is a semi-open centrifugal pump; the electromagnetic flowmeter is installed on the circulating pipeline and is connected with an online particle dosing device, and the first connecting pipeline is connected with an online particle collecting device ; On-line particle dosing device and on-line particle collection device are used to add and collect polyoxymethylene particles respectively. The invention applies the fluidized bed heat exchange, anti-scaling and energy-saving technology to the descending evaporating device, the operation is simple, and the heat transfer performance of the descending evaporating device is effectively improved.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于蒸发器技术领域，具体的说，是一种新型的汽-液-固三相下行蒸发装置及其操作方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of evaporators, in particular to a novel vapor-liquid-solid three-phase descending evaporation device and an operation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
循环流化床换热器根据换热器内流体的流向可以分为上行床换热器、水平床换热器和下行床换热器，目前主要采用上行床换热器和水平床换热器。但是，在硫化碱和锂行业等工业生产的蒸发过程中，下行蒸发装置具有较广泛的应用，所以改善其强化传热性能同样具有非常重要的意义。目前针对下行蒸发装置传热性能的改善，主要是采用增加流速或异型管的方法，然而却会增加运行成本。Circulating fluidized bed heat exchangers can be divided into ascending bed heat exchangers, horizontal bed heat exchangers and descending bed heat exchangers according to the flow direction of the fluid in the heat exchanger. At present, ascending bed heat exchangers and horizontal bed heat exchangers are mainly used. . However, in the evaporation process of industrial production such as alkali sulfide and lithium industries, the downward evaporation device has a wide range of applications, so it is also of great significance to improve its enhanced heat transfer performance. At present, for the improvement of the heat transfer performance of the descending evaporation device, the method of increasing the flow rate or the special-shaped pipe is mainly adopted, but it will increase the operating cost.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明为了改善下行蒸发装置的传热性能，提供了一种汽-液-固三相下行循环流化床蒸发装置及其操作方法，将流化床换热防垢节能技术应用于下行蒸发装置，操作简单，有效地提高了下行蒸发装置运行过程中的传热性能。In order to improve the heat transfer performance of the downward evaporation device, the present invention provides a vapor-liquid-solid three-phase downward circulating fluidized bed evaporation device and an operation method thereof, and the fluidized bed heat exchange, anti-scaling and energy saving technology is applied to the downward evaporation device , the operation is simple, and the heat transfer performance during the operation of the descending evaporation device is effectively improved.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明通过以下的技术方案予以实现：In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:
一种汽-液-固三相下行循环流化床蒸发装置，包括加热管，所述加热管竖直设置且其上端为入口、下端为出口；所述加热管的出口经第一连接管路与蒸发室的入口相连，所述蒸发室的上部出口与冷凝器相连，所述蒸发室的下部出口与循环管的入口相连，所述循环管的出口与循环泵的入口相连，所述循环泵的出口经第二连接管路与加热管的入口相连；所述循环泵为半开式离心泵；A vapor-liquid-solid three-phase descending circulating fluidized bed evaporation device, comprising a heating pipe, the heating pipe is vertically arranged, the upper end of the heating pipe is an inlet, and the lower end is an outlet; the outlet of the heating pipe is connected through a first connecting pipeline Connected to the inlet of the evaporation chamber, the upper outlet of the evaporation chamber is connected to the condenser, the lower outlet of the evaporation chamber is connected to the inlet of the circulation pipe, the outlet of the circulation pipe is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump, the circulation pump The outlet of the heating pipe is connected with the inlet of the heating pipe through the second connecting pipeline; the circulating pump is a semi-open centrifugal pump;
所述循环管上安装有电磁流量计，所述循环管连接有在线颗粒投加装置，所述第一连接管路上连接有在线颗粒收集装置。An electromagnetic flowmeter is installed on the circulation pipe, an online particle dosing device is connected to the circulation pipe, and an online particle collection device is connected to the first connecting pipeline.
进一步地，所述在线颗粒投加装置包括第一阀门、斜管、第二阀门、竖直管、第三阀门和漏斗；所述循环管通过所述第一阀门与所述竖直管的下端连接，所述竖直管的上端通过所述第三阀门与所述漏斗连接，所述第一阀门与所述第三阀门之间的所述竖直管下部连接有所述斜管，所述斜管上设置有第二阀门。Further, the online particle dosing device includes a first valve, an inclined pipe, a second valve, a vertical pipe, a third valve and a funnel; the circulation pipe passes through the first valve and the lower end of the vertical pipe The upper end of the vertical pipe is connected to the funnel through the third valve, and the inclined pipe is connected to the lower part of the vertical pipe between the first valve and the third valve. A second valve is arranged on the inclined pipe.
进一步地，所述在线颗粒收集装置包括第四阀门、颗粒收集器、第五阀门、第六阀门、旋液分离器、第七阀门、第八阀门和第九阀门；所述第一连接管路通过所述第七阀门与所述悬液分离器上部的入口相连接，并通过所述第八阀门与所述悬液分离器上部的液体出口相连接；所述悬液分离器下部通过所述第六阀门与所述颗粒收集器上部相连接，所述颗粒收集器上部还设置有用于排空的所述第五阀门，所述颗粒收集器下部设置有用于排出颗粒的所述第四阀门。Further, the online particle collection device includes a fourth valve, a particle collector, a fifth valve, a sixth valve, a hydrocyclone, a seventh valve, an eighth valve and a ninth valve; the first connecting pipeline The seventh valve is connected to the inlet of the upper part of the suspension separator, and the eighth valve is connected to the liquid outlet of the upper part of the suspension separator; the lower part of the suspension separator passes through the The sixth valve is connected with the upper part of the particle collector, the upper part of the particle collector is further provided with the fifth valve for emptying, and the lower part of the particle collector is provided with the fourth valve for discharging particles.
进一步地，所述在线颗粒投加装置用于向蒸发装置中加入聚甲醛颗粒，所述在线颗粒收集装置用于由蒸发装置中收集聚甲醛颗粒。Further, the online particle dosing device is used for adding polyoxymethylene particles to the evaporation device, and the online particle collection device is used for collecting the polyoxymethylene particles from the evaporation device.
更进一步地，所述聚甲醛颗粒的直径为2～5mm。Further, the diameter of the polyoxymethylene particles is 2-5 mm.
更进一步地，所述聚甲醛颗粒在混合工质中的体积分率为0.5％～2.0％。Further, the volume fraction of the polyoxymethylene particles in the mixed working medium is 0.5% to 2.0%.
更进一步地，所述加热管的热通量为8～16kW·m-2。Further, the heat flux of the heating pipe is 8-16 kW·m -2 .
更进一步地，所述汽-液-固三相下行循环流化床蒸发装置内纯水的循环流速为0.56～1.78m·s-1。Further, the circulating flow rate of pure water in the vapor-liquid-solid three-phase descending circulating fluidized bed evaporation device is 0.56-1.78 m·s -1 .
一种所述的汽-液-固三相下行循环流化床蒸发装置的操作方法，利用所述在线投加颗粒装置加入惰性固体颗粒时，先确保所述第一阀门、所述第二阀门处于关闭状态，打开所述第三阀门，将惰性固体颗粒经漏斗加入到所述竖直管内，然后关闭所述第三阀门，打开所述第一阀门，使惰性固体颗粒进入所述循环管并随流动的纯水进入到蒸发装置中；惰性固体颗粒投加完毕后，关闭第一阀门；所述第二阀门用于在每次投加惰性固体颗粒前，将所述竖直管内存留的纯水由所述斜管放出。A method for operating the vapor-liquid-solid three-phase descending circulating fluidized bed evaporation device, when using the online particle feeding device to add inert solid particles, first ensure that the first valve and the second valve are In the closed state, open the third valve, add inert solid particles into the vertical pipe through the funnel, then close the third valve, open the first valve, let the inert solid particles enter the circulation pipe and Enter the evaporation device with the flowing pure water; after the inert solid particles are added, close the first valve; the second valve is used to remove the pure water remaining in the vertical pipe before each addition of the inert solid particles Water is discharged from the inclined tube.
一种所述的汽-液-固三相下行循环流化床蒸发装置的操作方法，利用所述在线颗粒收集装置回收惰性固体颗粒时，先打开所述第七阀门、所述第八阀门，关闭所述第九阀门；此时，所述第六阀门应处于开启状态，所述第四阀门、所述第五阀门应处于关闭状态；混合工质流经所述旋液分离器，惰性固体颗粒经离心沉降后进入所述颗粒收集器，纯水进入所述蒸发室进行分离和参与循环；待蒸发装置内惰性固体颗粒全部被收集后，打开所述第九阀门，关闭所述第七阀门、所述第八阀门，蒸发装置则继续正常操作；之后，关闭所述第六阀门，打开所述第五阀门排空，然后打开所述第四阀门，所述颗粒收集器内的纯水和惰性固体颗粒由所述第四阀门取出。A method for operating the vapor-liquid-solid three-phase descending circulating fluidized bed evaporation device, wherein when using the online particle collection device to recover inert solid particles, first open the seventh valve and the eighth valve, Close the ninth valve; at this time, the sixth valve should be in an open state, and the fourth valve and the fifth valve should be in a closed state; the mixed working medium flows through the hydrocyclone, and the inert solid The particles enter the particle collector after centrifugal sedimentation, and the pure water enters the evaporation chamber for separation and participation in the circulation; after all the inert solid particles in the evaporation device are collected, open the ninth valve and close the seventh valve , the eighth valve, the evaporation device continues to operate normally; after that, close the sixth valve, open the fifth valve to empty, and then open the fourth valve, the pure water in the particle collector and the Inert solid particles are withdrawn through the fourth valve.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明的汽-液-固三相下行循环流化床蒸发装置及其操作方法，将流化床换热防垢节能技术应用到下行床蒸发装置运行过程中，将聚甲醛固体颗粒加入到下行蒸发装置中，形成三相循环流化床蒸发系统，可以有效地改善下行蒸发装置的传热性能。其原因主要在于蒸发装置中聚甲醛颗粒的流化破坏了流动和传热边界层，强化了对流传热；同时，增加了汽化核心，强化了沸腾传热。The vapor-liquid-solid three-phase descending circulating fluidized bed evaporation device and its operation method of the present invention apply the fluidized bed heat exchange, anti-scaling and energy-saving technology to the operation process of the descending bed evaporation device, and add polyoxymethylene solid particles to the descending bed evaporation device. In the evaporation device, a three-phase circulating fluidized bed evaporation system is formed, which can effectively improve the heat transfer performance of the downward evaporation device. The main reason is that the fluidization of the POM particles in the evaporation device destroys the flow and heat transfer boundary layer, and strengthens the convective heat transfer; at the same time, it increases the vaporization core and strengthens the boiling heat transfer.
本发明的汽-液-固三相下行循环流化床蒸发装置及其操作方法，不仅设备结构简单，操作稳定，能耗小，利于实现工业化，而且可以有效地提高生产效率和能源利用率、减小环境污染。本发明改善了下行蒸发装置的传热性能，具有广阔的应用前景，将产生巨大的经济效益和环境效益。The vapor-liquid-solid three-phase descending circulating fluidized bed evaporation device and the operation method thereof of the present invention not only have simple equipment structure, stable operation, low energy consumption, which is conducive to realizing industrialization, but also can effectively improve production efficiency and energy utilization rate, Reduce environmental pollution. The invention improves the heat transfer performance of the descending evaporation device, has broad application prospects, and will generate huge economic and environmental benefits.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明所提供的汽-液-固三相下行循环流化床蒸发装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of vapor-liquid-solid three-phase descending circulating fluidized bed evaporation device provided by the present invention;
图1中：1、循环泵；2、第二连接管路；3、加热管；4、第一连接管路；5、在线颗粒投加装置；6、在线颗粒收集装置；7、电磁流量计；8、循环管；9、蒸发室；10、冷凝器。In Fig. 1: 1. Circulating pump; 2. Second connecting pipeline; 3. Heating pipe; 4. First connecting pipeline; 5. Online particle dosing device; 6. Online particle collecting device; 7. Electromagnetic flowmeter ; 8. Circulation pipe; 9. Evaporation chamber; 10. Condenser.
图2为图1中在线颗粒投加装置的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the online particle dosing device in Fig. 1;
图2中：a、第一阀门；b、斜管；c、第二阀门；d、竖直管；e、第三阀门；f、漏斗；In Figure 2: a, the first valve; b, the inclined pipe; c, the second valve; d, the vertical pipe; e, the third valve; f, the funnel;
图3为图1中在线颗粒收集装置的结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the online particle collection device in FIG. 1 .
图3中：g、第四阀门；h、颗粒收集器；i、第五阀门；j、第六阀门；k、旋液分离器；l、第七阀门；m、第八阀门；n、第九阀门。In Figure 3: g, the fourth valve; h, the particle collector; i, the fifth valve; j, the sixth valve; k, the hydrocyclone; l, the seventh valve; m, the eighth valve; n, the sixth valve Nine valves.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为能进一步了解本发明的发明内容、特点及效果，兹例举以下实施例，并配合附图详细说明如下：In order to further understand the content, characteristics and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are exemplified and described in detail with the accompanying drawings as follows:
如图1所示，本实施例公开了一种汽-液-固三相下行循环流化床蒸发装置，该装置采用304不锈钢制成，包括循环泵1、第二连接管路2、加热管3、第一连接管路4、在线颗粒投加装置5、在线颗粒收集装置6、电磁流量计7、循环管8、蒸发室9、冷凝器10。As shown in FIG. 1 , this embodiment discloses a vapor-liquid-solid three-phase down-circulating fluidized bed evaporation device. The device is made of 304 stainless steel and includes a circulating pump 1, a second connecting pipeline 2, and a heating pipe. 3. The first connecting pipeline 4 , the online particle dosing device 5 , the online particle collection device 6 , the electromagnetic flowmeter 7 , the circulation pipe 8 , the evaporation chamber 9 , and the condenser 10 .
加热管3为竖直设置，并且加热管3的上端为入口、下端为出口，流体沿加热管3向下流动。加热管3的出口经第一连接管路4与蒸发室9的入口相连，蒸发室9的上部出口与冷凝器10相连，蒸发室9的下部出口与循环管8的入口相连，循环管8的出口与循环泵1的入口相连，循环泵1的出口经第二连接管路2与加热管3的入口相连。其中，循环泵1选用半开式离心泵进行强制循环，半开式离心泵允许少量杂质通过，流体可以实现无需收集颗粒即可进行强制循环，简化了该蒸发装置的工艺流程。其中，循环管8包括相互连接的竖直段和水平段，竖直段连接于蒸发室9的下部出口，水平段连接于循环泵1的入口。The heating pipe 3 is arranged vertically, and the upper end of the heating pipe 3 is an inlet, and the lower end is an outlet, and the fluid flows downward along the heating pipe 3 . The outlet of the heating pipe 3 is connected to the inlet of the evaporation chamber 9 through the first connecting pipe 4, the upper outlet of the evaporation chamber 9 is connected to the condenser 10, the lower outlet of the evaporation chamber 9 is connected to the inlet of the circulation pipe 8, and the outlet of the circulation pipe 8 is connected. The outlet is connected to the inlet of the circulating pump 1 , and the outlet of the circulating pump 1 is connected to the inlet of the heating pipe 3 through the second connecting pipeline 2 . Among them, the circulating pump 1 uses a semi-open centrifugal pump for forced circulation. The semi-open centrifugal pump allows a small amount of impurities to pass through, and the fluid can be forced to circulate without collecting particles, which simplifies the technological process of the evaporation device. The circulation pipe 8 includes a vertical section and a horizontal section connected to each other, the vertical section is connected to the lower outlet of the evaporation chamber 9 , and the horizontal section is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump 1 .
在线颗粒投加装置5、电磁流量计7均安装在循环管8上；在线颗粒投加装置5连接于循环管8的水平段上，靠近循环泵1的位置。在线颗粒投加装置5可以向下行循环流化床蒸发装置内在线添加固体颗粒，方便快捷。The online particle dosing device 5 and the electromagnetic flowmeter 7 are installed on the circulation pipe 8; The online particle feeding device 5 can add solid particles online in the downward circulating fluidized bed evaporation device, which is convenient and quick.
在线颗粒收集装置6安装第一连接管路4上，连接于靠近蒸发室9的位置。在线颗粒收集装置6主要由旋液分离器k和颗粒收集器h组成，可以用于在线收集汽-液-固三相下行循环流化床蒸发装置内的固体颗粒。The online particle collection device 6 is installed on the first connecting pipeline 4 and connected to a position close to the evaporation chamber 9 . The online particle collection device 6 is mainly composed of a hydrocyclone k and a particle collector h, and can be used for online collection of solid particles in the vapor-liquid-solid three-phase descending circulating fluidized bed evaporation device.
如图2所示，在线颗粒投加装置5包括第一阀门a、斜管b、第二阀门c、竖直管d、第三阀门e和漏斗f。循环管6的水平段通过第一阀门a与竖直管d的下端连接，竖直管d的上端通过第三阀门e与漏斗f连接，第一阀门a与第三阀门e之间的竖直管d下部连接有斜管b，该斜管b上设置有第二阀门c，用于排出直管d内的纯水。As shown in FIG. 2 , the online particle dosing device 5 includes a first valve a, an inclined pipe b, a second valve c, a vertical pipe d, a third valve e and a funnel f. The horizontal section of the circulation pipe 6 is connected to the lower end of the vertical pipe d through the first valve a, the upper end of the vertical pipe d is connected to the funnel f through the third valve e, and the vertical connection between the first valve a and the third valve e is The lower part of the pipe d is connected with an inclined pipe b, and the inclined pipe b is provided with a second valve c for discharging the pure water in the straight pipe d.
如图3所示，在线颗粒收集装置6主要由旋液分离器k和颗粒收集器h组成，包括第四阀门g、颗粒收集器h、第五阀门i、第六阀门j、旋液分离器k、第七阀门l、第八阀门m和第九阀门n。第一连接管路4通过第七阀门l与悬液分离器k上部左侧的入口相连接，第一连接管路4通过第八阀门m与悬液分离器k上部右侧的液体出口相连接，悬液分离器k下部通过第六阀门j与颗粒收集器h相连接，颗粒收集器h上部设置有用于排空的第五阀门i，颗粒收集器h下部设置有用于排出颗粒的第四阀门g。As shown in Figure 3, the online particle collection device 6 is mainly composed of a hydrocyclone k and a particle collector h, including a fourth valve g, a particle collector h, a fifth valve i, a sixth valve j, and a hydrocyclone separator k, the seventh valve l, the eighth valve m, and the ninth valve n. The first connecting pipeline 4 is connected with the inlet on the upper left side of the suspension separator k through the seventh valve 1, and the first connecting pipeline 4 is connected with the liquid outlet on the upper right side of the suspension separator k through the eighth valve m. , the lower part of the suspension separator k is connected with the particle collector h through the sixth valve j, the upper part of the particle collector h is provided with a fifth valve i for emptying, and the lower part of the particle collector h is provided with a fourth valve for discharging particles g.
本发明通过在线投加颗粒装置5加入一定量的聚甲醛颗粒，使聚甲醛颗粒与纯水形成混合工质，并通过循环泵1使纯水和颗粒循环，进而起到强化传热的作用。操作过程中，流体沿加热管3向下流动，由于聚甲醛颗粒密度高于流体，其向下运动的速度高于流体，其更趋向于靠近加热管3中心运动。工程塑料聚甲醛相对密度为1.39，可以保证固体颗粒在加热管3内具有一定的停留时间，有利于汽-液-固下行流化床蒸发装置的稳定操作；其湿性能较差，可以携带更多的汽化核心，有利于沸腾传热。聚甲醛颗粒在运动过程中对传热壁面具有较大的碰撞和剪切应力，能有效地减小流动和传热边界层的厚度，进而提高蒸发装置的强化传热性能。本发明选取的聚甲醛颗粒的形状为球形，直径选择以2～5mm为佳；其在混合工质中的体积分率为0.5％～2.0％，这样可以满足强化传热所需的颗粒体积分率。本发明中加热管3的热通量为8～16kW·m-2，装置内纯水的循环流速为0.56～1.78m·s-1时，颗粒在管内流化及分布情况较好。In the present invention, a certain amount of polyoxymethylene particles is added to the online particle feeding device 5 to form a mixed working medium between the polyoxymethylene particles and pure water, and the pure water and particles are circulated through the circulating pump 1, thereby enhancing heat transfer. During operation, the fluid flows downward along the heating pipe 3. Since the density of the polyoxymethylene particles is higher than that of the fluid, its downward movement speed is higher than that of the fluid, and it tends to move closer to the center of the heating pipe 3. The relative density of engineering plastic polyoxymethylene is 1.39, which can ensure that the solid particles have a certain residence time in the heating tube 3, which is conducive to the stable operation of the vapor-liquid-solid downfluidized bed evaporation device; its wet performance is poor, and it can carry more More vaporization cores are conducive to boiling heat transfer. The polyoxymethylene particles have large collision and shear stress on the heat transfer wall during the movement, which can effectively reduce the thickness of the flow and heat transfer boundary layer, thereby improving the enhanced heat transfer performance of the evaporation device. The shape of the polyoxymethylene particles selected in the present invention is spherical, and the diameter is preferably 2 to 5 mm; the volume fraction of the polyoxymethylene particles in the mixed working medium is 0.5% to 2.0%, which can satisfy the particle volume fraction required for strengthening heat transfer. Rate. In the present invention, when the heat flux of the heating tube 3 is 8-16kW·m -2 , and the circulating flow rate of pure water in the device is 0.56-1.78m·s -1 , the particles are well fluidized and distributed in the tube.
本发明在操作时，将适量的纯水和聚甲醛颗粒加入到系统中，通过采用半开式离心泵作为循环泵1进行强制循环，当流体经过加热管3时，温度升高；达到沸点后，纯水汽化，系统中形成汽-液-固三相流。当三相流流经蒸发室9时，汽、液、固三相被分离，蒸汽由蒸发室上方进入冷凝器10被冷凝成水，冷凝水通过人工收集重新加入到系统中以维持液位恒定；液、固两相则进入循环管8参与循环。循环管8内部的电磁流量计7用于测量流经循环管纯水的流量。During the operation of the present invention, an appropriate amount of pure water and polyoxymethylene particles are added to the system, and a semi-open centrifugal pump is used as the circulating pump 1 for forced circulation. When the fluid passes through the heating pipe 3, the temperature rises; after reaching the boiling point , pure water vaporizes, and a vapor-liquid-solid three-phase flow is formed in the system. When the three-phase flow flows through the evaporation chamber 9, the three phases of vapor, liquid and solid are separated, and the steam enters the condenser 10 from above the evaporation chamber and is condensed into water, and the condensed water is manually collected and added to the system to maintain a constant liquid level ; The liquid and solid phases enter the circulation pipe 8 to participate in the circulation. The electromagnetic flowmeter 7 inside the circulation pipe 8 is used to measure the flow rate of pure water flowing through the circulation pipe.
系统内需要添加惰性固体颗粒时，利用在线投加颗粒装置5加入惰性固体颗粒，先确保在线投加颗粒装置5上的第一阀门a、第二阀门c处于关闭状态，然后打开第三阀门e，将一定量的惰性固体颗粒经漏斗f加入到竖直管d内，然后关闭第三阀门e，缓慢打开第一阀门a，固体颗粒则进入循环管8的水平段内，随流动的纯水进入到蒸发装置中。固体颗粒投加完毕后，关闭第一阀门。每次投加颗粒前，保持第一阀门a关闭，打开第二阀门c和第三阀门e，将竖直管d内存留的纯水先由斜管b放出，加回系统；然后再关闭第二阀门c，按照前述步骤投加颗粒。When inert solid particles need to be added in the system, use the online particle feeding device 5 to add inert solid particles, first ensure that the first valve a and the second valve c on the online particle feeding device 5 are closed, and then open the third valve e. , add a certain amount of inert solid particles into the vertical pipe d through the funnel f, then close the third valve e, slowly open the first valve a, the solid particles enter the horizontal section of the circulation pipe 8, and the pure water flows with the flow of pure water. into the evaporator. After the solid particles are added, close the first valve. Before each addition of particles, keep the first valve a closed, open the second valve c and the third valve e, and discharge the pure water remaining in the vertical pipe d from the inclined pipe b and add it back to the system; then close the first valve. Second valve c, add particles according to the previous steps.
系统内需要更换惰性固体颗粒时，利用在线颗粒收集装置6将惰性固体颗粒回收，先打开在线颗粒收集装置6上的第七阀门l、第八阀门m，关闭第九阀门n。此时，第六阀门j应处于开启状态，第四阀门g、第五阀门i应处于关闭状态。混合工质流经在线颗粒收集装置6的旋液分离器k时，聚甲醛颗粒经离心沉降后进入颗粒收集器h，纯水则进入蒸发室9进行分离与参与循环。待蒸发装置内颗粒全部被收集后，打开第九阀门n，关闭第七阀门l、第八阀门m，蒸发装置则继续正常操作。此时，关闭第六阀门j，打开第五阀门i排空，然后打开第四阀门g，颗粒收集器h内的纯水和聚甲醛颗粒则可靠重力作用从第四阀门g取出。When the inert solid particles need to be replaced in the system, use the online particle collection device 6 to recover the inert solid particles, first open the seventh valve 1 and the eighth valve m on the online particle collection device 6, and close the ninth valve n. At this time, the sixth valve j should be in an open state, and the fourth valve g and the fifth valve i should be in a closed state. When the mixed working medium flows through the hydrocyclone k of the online particle collection device 6, the polyoxymethylene particles enter the particle collector h after centrifugal sedimentation, and the pure water enters the evaporation chamber 9 for separation and participation in the circulation. After all the particles in the evaporation device are collected, the ninth valve n is opened, the seventh valve l and the eighth valve m are closed, and the evaporation device continues to operate normally. At this time, close the sixth valve j, open the fifth valve i to empty, and then open the fourth valve g, the pure water and polyoxymethylene particles in the particle collector h can be taken out from the fourth valve g by gravity.
在常压下，应用本发明的汽-液-固三相下行循环流化床蒸发装置进行蒸发，在碳聚甲醛颗粒直径为2mm～5mm，体积分率为0.5％～2.0％；加热管3的热通量为8～16kW·m-2，纯水的循环流速为0.56～1.78m·s-1时，该装置可以起到显著的强化传热效果，传热系数最大可提高78.5％。可见，本发明的汽-液-固三相下行循环流化床蒸发装置具有明显的强化传热效果，聚甲醛颗粒的加入对于其强化传热性能有着重要的影响。Under normal pressure, the vapor-liquid-solid three-phase descending circulating fluidized bed evaporation device of the present invention is used for evaporation. When the heat flux is 8～16kW·m -2 and the circulating flow rate of pure water is 0.56～1.78m·s -1 , the device can significantly enhance the heat transfer effect, and the maximum heat transfer coefficient can be increased by 78.5%. It can be seen that the vapor-liquid-solid three-phase descending circulating fluidized bed evaporation device of the present invention has obvious heat transfer enhancement effect, and the addition of polyoxymethylene particles has an important influence on its enhanced heat transfer performance.
尽管上面结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，并不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可以作出很多形式的具体变换，这些均属于本发明的保护范围之内。Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments. Under the inspiration of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims, personnel can also make many specific transformations, which all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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