CN110447644A - 一种天然单萜化合物桧烯在制备除草剂中的应用 - Google Patents
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229930003658 monoterpene Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- NDVASEGYNIMXJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sabinene Chemical compound C=C1CCC2(C(C)C)C1C2 NDVASEGYNIMXJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 12
- 235000002577 monoterpenes Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 9
- NDVASEGYNIMXJL-NXEZZACHSA-N (+)-sabinene Natural products C=C1CC[C@@]2(C(C)C)[C@@H]1C2 NDVASEGYNIMXJL-NXEZZACHSA-N 0.000 title claims description 6
- KQAZVFVOEIRWHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-thujene Natural products CC1=CCC2(C(C)C)C1C2 KQAZVFVOEIRWHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 6
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种天然单萜类化合物桧烯在制备除草剂中的应用,经研究试验表明:该化合物在较低浓度5μl/mL下应用,可杀灭单双子叶植物狗尾草,并对双子叶植物反枝苋和苜蓿有明显的抑制作用。该化合物为植物挥发油成分,气味芳香,不仅具有除草活性,还有一定的害虫趋避作用,将该化合物配制成不同浓度,在苗前或苗期单独或与其它农药混合使用,可自然降解,对环境无污染,可作为除草剂进行使用,具有巨大的潜在商业价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及将植物挥发油中的天然化合物应用于除草剂的技术领域,具体涉及将植物挥发油成分桧烯(sabinene)作为除草剂中的应用。
背景技术
化学除草剂应用广泛,但是多种人工合成的化学除草剂由于缺乏相应的微生物对其进行分解,容易在自然界中长期留存,从而威胁到人类赖以生存的土壤和地下水资源的安全。而从自然界中提取的天然成分作为除草剂,则因其易于分解、在自然界没有残留而日益受到重视。此外,某些化学除草剂虽然能够在土壤中分解,但是作用靶点单一,由于被长期大量地应用,杂草逐渐演化出抵抗力,使得药效降低甚至丧失。在这种情况下,研发具有新颖作用靶点和作用机理的除草剂显得尤为重要。自然界里种类丰富、构型各异、作用机理多样的天然产物为此提供了可能。有些天然产物自身的除草活性可与化学除草剂媲美,如,1,8-按树脑,其也是一种天然的挥发性成分;也有多种天然来源的除草剂在被发现之初,其药效无法与化学合成的除草剂相比,但是经过日后的化学结构改造,其药效可大大增强,从而具备商业推广价值,例如由红千层中的植物毒素纤精酮改造而成的磺草酮。
桧烯(Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane,4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-),英文名Sabinene,桧烯为一种单萜类化合物,在多种植物的挥发油中广泛分布。桧烯被报道具有杀灭害虫、消炎及抑制微生物生长等活性,参见文献1-5,但是桧烯对其它植物的生长抑制作用(植物毒作用)国内外均未见报道。目前已有关于其生物合成方法的报道,参见文献6。
桧烯是一种重要的天然单萜类化合物,可用作调味品、香水添加剂、精细化学品和高级生物燃料,但将其用作除草剂的目的却未见报道。微生物合成是制备桧烯的有效途径,目前制备方法已经成熟,但还未有大批量生产。
参考文献
1.Vimal,A.,Pal,D.,Tripathi,T.,et al.Eucalyptol,sabinene andcinnamaldehyde:potent inhibitors of salmonella target protein L–asparaginase.3Biotech,2017,7,258.
2.Wang,Y.,You,C.X.,Yang,K.,et al.Bioactivity of essential oil ofZingiber purpureum rhizomes and its main compounds against two stored productinsects.Biological and Microbial Control,2015,108(3),925-932.
3.Matias,E.F.F.,Alves,E.F.,Silva,M.K.N.,et al.Seasonal variation,chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of cordiaverbenacea dc(boraginaceae)and the sabinene.Industrial Crops&Products,2016,87,45-53.
4.Benelli,G.,Flamini,G.,Canale,A.,et al.Repellence of Hyptissuaveolens l.(lamiaceae)whole essential oil and major constituents againstadults of the granary weevil sitophilus granarius(l.)(coleoptera:dryophthoridae).Bulletin of Insectology,1967,31(65),177-183.
5.Wang,C.F.,Yang,K.,Zhang,H.M.,et al.Components and insecticidalactivity against the maize weevils of zanthoxylum schinifolium fruits andleaves.Molecules,2011,16(4),3077-3088.
6.Cao Y,Zhang H,Liu H,et al.Biosynthesis and production of sabinene:current state and perspectives[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2018,102:1535–1544。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种天然单萜化合物桧烯在制备除草剂中的应用,经研究试验表明:该化合物在较低浓度5μl/mL下应用,可杀灭单双子叶植物狗尾草,并对双子叶植物反枝苋和苜蓿有明显的抑制作用。该化合物为植物挥发油成分,气味芳香,不仅具有除草活性,还有一定的害虫趋避作用,将该化合物配制成不同浓度,在苗前或苗期单独或与其它农药混合使用,可自然降解,对环境无污染,可作为除草剂进行使用,具有巨大的潜在商业价值。
本发明所述的一种天然单萜化合物桧烯在制备除草剂中的应用。
本发明所述的一种天然单萜化合物桧烯在制备除草剂中的应用,该化合物的结构式为:
本发明所述的一种天然单萜化合物桧烯在制备除草剂中的应用,其中该化合物是广泛存在于植物挥发油中的化合物,经研究试验表明:在低浓度2μl/mL下即对常见杂草狗尾草、苜蓿和反枝苋的幼苗生长产显著影响。这种生长抑制作用随着浓度的增高而逐渐加强,当浓度达到2μl/mL时,桧烯对狗尾草、苜蓿和反枝苋的根长的抑制率分别是71%、67%和89%;浓度升高至5μl/mL时,单子叶植物狗尾草种子被基本全部杀死,该化合物对苜蓿和反枝苋的根长抑制率分别达到了78%和84%,幼苗丧失继续生长的能力。该天然化合物属于单萜类化合物,已有其生物合成的相关报道。对于其除草活性目前国内外尚无报道。
本发明所述的一种天然单萜化合物桧烯在制备除草剂中的应用,该化合物可以通过溶剂提取及制备薄层层析的方法从广泛分布的植物挥发油如全叶青兰(Dracocephalumintegrifolium)挥发油中获得,也可以通过生物发酵合成得到。本化合物在多种植物的挥发油中天然存在,可在自然界分解,因此对环境不会造成任何污染。
本发明所述的一种天然单萜化合物桧烯在制备除草剂中的应用,将该化合物配制成不同浓度,在苗前或苗期单独或与其它农药混合使用,用含体积分数0.5%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)或丙酮的蒸馏水溶解后,于杂草出苗前后按照喷施浓度10-100μl/mL喷洒即可作为除草剂使用。
此外,该化合物亦可以作为前体对其进行化学结构修饰和改造,进一步提高其除草活性后进行商业化生产。
本发明所述的一种天然单萜化合物桧烯在制备除草剂中的应用,其有益效果为:
1.本发明提供的桧烯在低浓度2μl/mL时,即可对三种常见杂草狗尾草、紫花苜蓿和反枝苋的幼苗生长产生显著抑制。这种生长抑制作用随着浓度的增高而逐渐加强,在浓度达到2μl/mL时,桧烯对狗尾草、紫花苜蓿和反枝苋的根长抑制率依次为71%、67%和89%;浓度升高至5μl/mL时,单子叶植物狗尾草种子被基本全部杀死,化合物对苜蓿和反枝苋的根长抑制率分别达到了78%和84%,并且幼苗的根发生明显的扭曲变形,变成黑褐色,提示幼苗已经受到非常严重的毒害。此浓度处理下的幼苗随后停止生长并逐渐死亡。且在5μl/mL时,桧烯对苜蓿和反枝苋苗高的抑制率都达到了83%,但狗尾草的抑制率依然达到了100%。结果显示:该化合物对单子叶植物狗尾草的作用要明显强于双子叶植物反枝苋和苜蓿。
2.化合物桧烯适合应用于农田中进行杂草的防除。该化合物为天然成分,可自然降解,对人畜无害,且气味芳香,施用后空气不会造成污染,并有一定的害虫趋避作用,可应用于农业生产特别是有机农业中的杂草防除。该化合物对三种常见杂草狗尾草、苜蓿和反枝苋表现出很强的除草活性,可应用于农田中对它们和其他杂草进行防控。通过本发明所述的除草剂是来源于天然的,无毒无害,可以在自然界分解,环保,不污染环境。
附图说明
图1为本发明桧烯对狗尾草、苜蓿和反枝苋幼苗根长的抑制作用图,其作用浓度分别为0.25,0.5,1,2,5μl/mL;
图2为本发明桧烯对狗尾草、苜蓿和反枝苋幼苗苗高的抑制作用图,其作用浓度分别为0.25,0.5,1,2,5μl/mL;
图3为本发明桧烯对狗尾草、狗尾草、反枝苋和苜蓿生长的影响图。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明进一步说明,但本发明并不限于下述的实施例。
本发明中选用的所有原辅材料、试剂和仪器都为本领域熟知的,其他本领域熟知的一些试剂和设备都可适用于本发明以下实施方式的实施。
实施例1
桧烯对常见杂草幼苗生长的影响,以狗尾草、苜蓿和反枝苋为例:
将纯度为95%的桧烯以含体积分数0.5%丙酮的蒸馏水配制成10μl/mL浓度的乳悬液,然后将配置的乳悬液再以含体积分数0.5%丙酮的蒸馏水依次稀释至0.25μl/mL,0.5μl/mL,1μl/mL,2μl/mL,5μl/mL,在直径9cm的培养皿中放置滤纸,然后分别加入4mL浓度为0.25μl/mL,0.5μl/mL,1μl/mL,2μl/mL,5μl/mL的配制的乳悬液,在每个培养皿中分别加入10粒狗尾草、苜蓿和反枝苋种子,每个重复处理三次,用封口膜封好后置于温度25℃培养箱中培养5天后,测量幼苗的苗高和根长;
数据统计方法:首先用单因素方差检测各组数据间的差异是否达到显著,之后用LSD方法分析数据,标记字母不同的组间差异达到显著,水平为>0.05;
结果:在2μl/mL的低浓度作用下,狗尾草、苜蓿和反枝苋幼苗的生长均受到显著的抑制,并且当浓度升高时,其受影响程度逐步增强,低浓度下0.5μl/mL时,化合物即开始对苜蓿和狗尾草有显著的抑制作用,其根长抑制率分别为35%,32%,苗高抑制率依次是28%和20%,并随着浓度的增高其作用逐渐增强;反枝苋在该浓度下无此作用,直到浓度达到2μl/mL时,反枝苋开始与另两种受试植物一样表现出显著的抑制作用,在2μl/mL的浓度下,苜蓿、反枝苋和狗尾草的根长依次为对照的29%、33%和11%,苗高分别为对照的26%、18%和12%;浓度升高至5μl/mL时,单子叶植物狗尾草种子被基本全部杀死,苜蓿和反枝苋的根长仅为对照的22%和16%,并且幼苗的根发生明显的扭曲变形,根尖有腐烂的情况,提示幼苗已经受到非常严重的毒害,5μl/mL浓度下,化合物对苜蓿和反枝苋的苗高抑制率分别为83%和83%。化合物在高浓度时对单子叶植物狗尾草的作用强于两个双子叶植物,提示其对单子叶植物的杀灭作用可能强于双子叶植物,具体效果参见图1和图2。
实施例2
桧烯对常见杂草生长的影响,以狗尾草、苜蓿和反枝苋为例:
将纯度为95%的桧烯以含体积分数0.5%丙酮的蒸馏水配制成100μl/mL浓度的乳悬液,摇匀成乳白色混悬液后,分别对受试植物狗尾草、苜蓿和反枝苋幼苗的健康盆栽均匀喷施,隔夜12h后观察对植物毒杀效果;
结果:隔夜12h后,各个受试植物狗尾草、苜蓿和反枝苋幼苗均提现出了明显的白化和枯萎死亡现象,即达到了除草剂的作用,具体效果产见图3。
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1.一种天然单萜化合物桧烯在制备除草剂中的应用。
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CN111758726A (zh) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-10-13 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | 一种β-桉叶醇在制备除草剂中的用途 |
CN114794105A (zh) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-07-29 | 广西民族大学 | 蒈烷-3,4-二醇在作为或制备除草剂方面的应用 |
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J.S. TANG等: ""Allelopathic potential of volatile organic compounds released by Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder"", 《ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL》 * |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111758726A (zh) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-10-13 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | 一种β-桉叶醇在制备除草剂中的用途 |
CN114794105A (zh) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-07-29 | 广西民族大学 | 蒈烷-3,4-二醇在作为或制备除草剂方面的应用 |
CN114794105B (zh) * | 2022-06-13 | 2024-03-15 | 广西民族大学 | 蒈烷-3,4-二醇在作为或制备除草剂方面的应用 |
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