CN110447354A - A kind of universal seed feeding method of machinery Pneumatic type - Google Patents

Abstract

A mechanical and pneumatic general-purpose seeding method, comprising: setting a seeding roller on a frame, setting seed strip installation grooves equidistantly on the outer wall of the seed metering roller, hollowing out the middle part to set an installation space, and setting a bottom of the seed strip installation groove. The seed hole is discharged, and the seed discharge hole runs through the seed strip installation groove and is connected with the installation space; the various strip installation grooves are respectively slid to set the seed discharge strips, and a row of seed discharge holes matching the seeds to be sown is provided on the seed discharge strips. And the seed discharge holes in the various strip installation grooves are set in one-to-one correspondence with the seed discharge holes on the seed metering strips installed inside; one end of the various strip installation grooves is provided with open ports, and the seed strips are set on the frame corresponding to the open ports. Replace the opening; use the seed filling box to fill the seed holes of each seed row in turn; use the clearing air blowing system to blow out the seeds in each seed hole that exceed the seeding amount of the seed hole; The seeds are escorted to the unloading position; at the unloading position, the seed discharge air blowing system blows the seeds into the seed hole to realize the seed discharge.

Description

A general-purpose mechanical and pneumatic seeding method

technical field

The invention relates to a seed metering device for a planter, in particular to a mechanical pneumatic universal seed metering method.

Background technique

The seed meter is the main working part of the seeder, and the seeding quality of the seed meter determines the sowing level of the seeder. At present, there are mainly mechanical seed metering devices and pneumatic seed metering devices, but the existing mechanical seed metering devices have low seeding accuracy, are easy to damage seeds, and have poor adaptability to seeds. Although the air suction seed metering device has high seeding accuracy, However, it has high requirements on sealing performance and low working reliability.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a general-purpose mechanical pneumatic seeding method that does not damage the seeds and does not require high sealing performance.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a kind of mechanical pneumatic general-purpose seeding method is characterized in that comprising:

Set the seeding drum rotating around the horizontal centerline on the frame of the seed metering device,

The outer wall of the seeding drum is equidistantly provided with seed strip installation grooves, the middle part is hollowed out to set up an installation space, and a row of seed unloading holes are arranged at the bottom of the seed strip installation groove, and the seed unloading holes run through the seed strip installation groove and communicate with the installation space;

A row of seeding holes matching the seeds to be sown is opened on the seeding bar, and the seeding holes in the various bar mounting slots and the holes on the seeding bar installed inside The seeding holes are set in one-to-one correspondence;

An open port is set at one end of the various bar installation grooves, and a bar replacement port is set on the rack corresponding to the open port;

Use the seed filling box to fill the seeds in the seeding holes of each seeding strip in turn;

Use the first air nozzle of the seed clearing air blowing system to blow out the seeds that exceed the sowing amount of the seed hole in each row of seed holes;

Use the seed protection board to escort the seeds in the seed discharge holes that have been cleared to the unloading position;

At the seed unloading position, use the second air nozzle of the seed discharge air blowing system to blow the cleared seeds into the seed hole through the inoculation cup to realize seed discharge;

When the second seed needs to be sown, the seed strips in the various strip installation grooves are replaced successively through the seed strip replacement port, so that the seed holes on the replaced seed strips match the second seeds.

The invention combines the biological characteristics of crop seeds to design seed strips with different seeding holes, and embeds the seed strips into the seed strip installation grooves. The bottom of the seed strip installation grooves is provided with a seed unloading hole aligned with the seed discharge holes, so that the seed strips can be used The pneumatic system (air blowing system for clearing seeds and air blowing system for seed arrangement) completes the flexible filling and unloading of seeds, so that the seeds are not broken or damaged, so as to realize reliable seed arrangement. In addition, because the air blowing system for clearing seeds of the present invention The air nozzle of the seed blowing system is directly communicated with the seed hole or the seed discharge hole, so that the sealing requirements of the present invention are relatively reduced.

When the distance between plants needs to be adjusted, replace part of the seed strips in the seed strip installation groove with the seed strips without the seed holes, so that the seed strips with the seed holes are evenly distributed on the seed drum.

The specific implementation of the above scheme one is that the outer circumference of the seeding drum is sequentially provided with a seed filling box, a plurality of first air nozzles of the seed clearing air blowing system, a seed protection plate and an inoculation cup at the seed unloading position along the direction of rotation. The second air nozzle of the seed blowing system is set in the installation space of the seed metering drum, and the seed filling port of the seed filling box is connected with the seed hole of a part of the seed metering strips, and multiple first air nozzles are connected to the top The seeding holes are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and the plurality of second air nozzles are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the seed discharge holes on the one-strip installation groove, and the inoculation cup is arranged under the seed-strip installation groove corresponding to the plurality of second air nozzles.

Further, a collecting and distributing seed box for collecting seeds cleaned from the seeding holes is arranged below the seeding cylinder.

Further, a photoelectric sensing device for detecting the amount of seed discharge is installed under the inoculation cup, and the photoelectric sensing device is connected with a single-chip microcomputer so as to automatically count the number of discharged seeds.

Slide grooves are set on both sides of the seed bar installation groove, and corresponding slide bars are set on both sides of the seed bar, so that the slide bar of the seed bar is slidably sleeved on the seed bar In the chute of the installation groove.

The seed discharge hole is a tapered hole, and the big end of the seed discharge hole is arranged opposite to the second air nozzle.

When used for seeds with small particle diameters, the seed discharge hole includes a first section and a second section arranged sequentially from outside to inside, and both the first section and the second section are tapered holes, and the first section and the second section The small end of the second section is connected, the large end of the second section is adjacent to the small end of the described seed discharge hole, and the diameter of the large port of the second section is equal to the small port diameter of the described seed discharge hole.

The seeding hole is set as a tapered hole, and the small end of the seeding hole is opposite to the small end of the seeding hole, and the diameter of the small port of the seeding hole is equal to the small end of the seeding hole caliber.

Further, a cover is provided on the seed strip replacement port to ensure the airtightness of the frame, so that the cleaned seeds will not fly out of the frame.

Further, the bottom of the collecting and distributing seed box is provided with a clip that can open the collecting and distributing seed box, and the clip is stepped into and out of the collecting and distributing seed box, so that the The collected seeds are cleaned, or the operation of returning the seeds to the filling seed box is realized.

Further, one end of the seeding cylinder is provided with a sprocket for power input.

Further, the seed discharge hole is a tapered hole, and the large end of the seed discharge hole is arranged relative to the second air nozzle, so that the seed discharge airflow is more concentrated, which is more conducive to seed discharge.

In order to facilitate the clearing airflow to enter and the cleaned seeds to leave the seed hole, the seed hole is set as a tapered hole, and the small end of the seed hole is opposite to the small end of the seed discharge hole. The diameter of the small port of the seed hole is equal to the diameter of the small port of the seed discharge hole, so that the discharge air flow can directly enter the seed discharge hole for discharge without loss.

When used for small-diameter seeds, the seed discharge hole includes a first section and a second section arranged sequentially from outside to inside, and the first section and the second section are all tapered holes, and the first section and the second section are conical holes. The small ends of the sections are connected, the large end of the second section is adjacent to the small end of the described seed discharge hole, and the diameter of the large port of the second section is equal to the diameter of the small port of the described seed discharge hole, so as to benefit small-sized seeds The unloading air flow can be better used for unloading seeds.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a specific implementation device of the method of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a specific implementation device of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a partial explosion structure of a specific implementation device of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is an exploded axonometric view of the assembly of the seeding cylinder and the seeding bar of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a part diagram of the seed strip of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a structural diagram of the seeding cylinder of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the seeding cylinder of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the air blowing system for clearing seeds of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cover of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the position of the seeding hole of the seeding bar of the present invention, wherein a is a seeding bar suitable for conventional particle size seeds, b is a seeding bar suitable for small particle size seeds, and c is no seeding hole is set seed strips.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a specific implementation device of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Seed filling box; 2. Seed discharge roller; 3. Seed clearing air blowing system; 4. Seed protection board; 5. Collecting and distributing seed box; 6. Seed discharge air blowing system; 7. Inoculation cup; 8. Photoelectric induction device; 9. Card bar; 10. Rack; 11. Cover body; 12. Seed bar; 13. Sprocket wheel; 14. Seed bar replacement port; 21. Cylinder body; .Installation space; 31. The first air supply pipe; 32. The first air nozzle; 61. The second air supply pipe; 62. The second air nozzle; 121. Seed discharge hole; 122. Slide bar; 221. Seed discharge hole; .open port; 223. chute; 1211. first segment; 1212. second segment.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

As shown in Figures 1 to 11, an implementation device of the mechanical pneumatic general-purpose seed sorting method of the present invention includes a seed filling box 1, a seed sorting drum 2, a seed clearing air blowing system 3, and a seed collection box arranged in a frame 10. 5. Seed blowing system 6. Inoculation cup 7. Photoelectric induction device 8.

The seeding cylinder 2 includes a cylinder 21 connected to the frame 10 via a bearing. The inner cavity of the cylinder 21 is hollow, and a plurality of seed strip installation grooves 22 are evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the cylinder. The bottom of the seed strip installation groove 22 is provided with a plurality of penetrating cylinders. The seed unloading hole 221 of the body 21, one end of the seed strip installation groove 22 is set as an open port 222.

The seed filling box 1 is arranged above the seeding drum 2 , the collecting and distributing seed box 5 is arranged on one side of the seeding drum 2 , and the bottom of the seed filling box 1 communicates with one or more seed strip installation grooves 22 . The bottom of the collecting and distributing seed box 5 is slidingly provided with a clip 9. When the seeds in the collecting and distributing box 5 have accumulated to a certain height, the clip 9 can be pulled out and the loose seeds in the collecting and distributing box 5 can be collected and put back into the seed filling box 1 to continue. Filling species.

The seed row 12 is installed in the seed bar installation groove 22, and a plurality of seed row holes 121 are provided on the seed row bar 12, and the seed row holes 121 and the seed unloading holes 222 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence.

The both sides groove wall of kind bar installation groove 22 is provided with chute 223, and the outside of seed row 12 is provided with slide bar 122, and the slide bar 122 of seed row 12 is slidingly sleeved on the chute 223, makes seed row 12 can Guided by the chute 223 and the slide bar 122 , it slides relative to the seed bar installation groove 22 and is pulled out from the open port 222 of the seed bar installation groove 22 .

The clearing air blowing system 3 includes a first air supply pipeline 31, the first air supply pipeline 31 is arranged above the cylinder body 21, and is located between the seed filling box 1 and the collecting and distributing seed box 5, and the bottom of the first air supply pipeline 31 is provided with multiple The first air nozzle 32, and the first air nozzle 32 is provided in one-to-one correspondence with the seed discharge holes 121, so as to realize efficient seed clearing.

The inoculation cup 7 is used as the passage of the seed hole 121 and the seed hole in the cultivated land. The inoculation cups 7 are located below the cylinder body 21 , and there are multiple inoculation cups 7 , which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the seeding holes 121 above them. The lower end of inoculation cup 7 is equipped with photoelectric induction device 8, and photoelectric induction device 8 is connected with single-chip microcomputer to calculate seed displacement.

The seed blowing system 6 includes a second air supply pipeline 61 arranged in the inner cavity of the cylinder body 21, a plurality of second air nozzles 62 are arranged at the bottom of the second air supply pipeline, and the second air nozzles 62 are arranged downward, and with the The seed discharge holes 221 and the seed discharge holes 121 are provided in one-to-one correspondence to realize efficient seed discharge.

The outside of the seeding cylinder 2 between the first air nozzle 32 and the second air nozzle 62 is provided with a seed protection plate 4 to ensure that the cleared seeds in the clearing process do not fall back into the seeding hole 121 that has been cleared. And guarantee that the seed after unloading only falls into the following inoculation cup 7 li.

The seed discharge hole 221 is a tapered hole, and the big end of the seed discharge hole 221 is arranged relative to the second air nozzle 62, so that the seed discharge airflow is more concentrated, which is more beneficial to the seed discharge. The "big end" mentioned in this article refers to the large diameter end of the seed discharge hole or the seed discharge hole, and the "small end" refers to the small diameter end of the seed discharge hole or the seed discharge hole.

Seed metering bar 12 can be provided with multiple sets according to the size of different kinds of seeds, and seed metering holes 121 of different calibers are set on every set of seed metering bar 12 . The seeding bar 12 without the seeding hole 121 can also be set to facilitate the change of plant spacing by inserting the seeding bar without the seeding hole.

For the convenience of clearing the seed airflow to enter and the seeds of cleaning to break away from the seed discharge hole quickly, the seed discharge hole 121 is set as a tapered hole, and the large end of the seed discharge hole 121 is arranged relative to the first air nozzle 32, and the small end of the seed discharge hole 121 is connected to the first air nozzle 32. The small end of the seed discharge hole 221 is relatively arranged, and the small port diameter of the seed discharge hole 121 is equal to the small port diameter of the discharge hole 221, so that the discharge air flow can directly enter the seed discharge hole 121 for discharge without loss.

When the seed strip 12 is used for small-diameter seeds, the seed hole 121 includes a first section 1211 and a second section 1212 arranged sequentially from outside to inside, and the first section 1211 and the second section 1212 are all tapered holes , the small end of the first section 1211 is connected to the small end of the second section 1212, the large end of the second section 1212 is adjacent to the small end of the seed discharge hole 221, and the diameter of the large port of the second section 1212 is equal to the discharge hole The small port diameter of 221 is beneficial to the unloading air flow of small-sized seeds and can be better used for unloading.

A sprocket 13 is arranged at one end of the barrel 21, and the sprocket 13 is connected with the power device through a chain to realize power input. The frame 10 at the other end of the cylinder body 21 is provided with a seed bar replacement port 14, so that the seed bar 12 can be pulled out from the seed bar replacement port 14, and the seed bar 12 is replaced. A cover body 11 is arranged on the seed bar replacement port 14 to close the seed bar replacement port 14 .

When the seeding drum works specifically: the power is transmitted to the sprocket 13 through the chain to drive the seeding drum 2 to rotate. At this time, the seeds in the seed filling box 1 contact the seeding hole 121 on the seeding bar 12 under the action of gravity and pressure. Seed filling is realized, and the filled seeds are driven by the sprocket 13 to rotate in the seeding cylinder 2 (because the slide bar 122 of the seeding bar 12 is stuck on the chute 223 ). When the seed bar 12 rotates to the first air nozzle 32 of the seed clearing air blowing system 3 (connected with the fan), the seeds in the seed hole 121 are cleaned and fixed through the first air nozzle 32 until the seed hole 121 There is only one seed left in the interior, and the seeds cleared out from the seed hole 121 fall into the seed filling box 1 or the collection and distribution seed box 5. After cleaning by the seed clearing air blowing system 3, only one seed remains in the seeding hole 121 and continues to rotate in the seeding drum 2, and is transferred to the seeding air blowing system 6 (connected with the fan) under the protection of the seed protection plate 4. ) at the position corresponding to the second air nozzle, the pneumatic force discharges the seeds through the seed discharge hole 221 and the seed discharge hole 121, and the unloaded seeds fall into the inoculation cup 7 to realize seed discharge.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the application, and does not limit the application in any form. Although the application is disclosed as above with the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the application. Any skilled person familiar with this field, Without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application, any changes or modifications made using the technical content disclosed above are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases, and all belong to the scope of the technical solution.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of mechanical pneumatic type universal seeding method is characterized in that comprising: On the frame (10) of the seed metering device, a seeding cylinder (2) rotating around the horizontal centerline is set, The seed row installation grooves (22) are equidistantly arranged on the outer wall of the seed row drum, and the installation space (23) is hollowed out in the middle, and a row of seed discharge holes (221) are arranged at the bottom of the seed row installation groove, and the seed discharge holes run through the seed row installation Groove, and communicated with the installation space; A row of seeding holes (121) matching the seeds to be sown is provided on the seeding bar, and the seeding holes in the various bar mounting slots are installed with their internal parts. The seeding holes on the seeding bar are set in one-to-one correspondence; An open port (222) is provided at one end of the various strip installation grooves, and a seed strip replacement port (14) is provided on the rack corresponding to the open port; Use the seed filling box (1) to fill the seed holes of each seed row in turn; Use the first air nozzle (32) of the seed clearing air blowing system to blow out the seeds that exceed the sowing amount of the seed hole in each seed hole; Use the seed protection plate (4) to escort the seeds in the seed discharge holes that have been cleared to the unloading position; At the seed unloading position, use the second air nozzle (62) of the seed discharge air blowing system to blow the cleared seeds into the seed hole through the inoculation cup (7) to realize seed discharge; When the second seed needs to be sown, the seed strips in the various strip installation grooves are replaced successively through the seed strip replacement port, so that the seed holes on the replaced seed strips match the second seeds. 2. A kind of mechanical pneumatic universal seeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, when the distance between plants needs to be adjusted, part of the seeding strips in the seeding strip installation grooves are replaced with the ones without seeding holes. Seed strips, so that the seed strips with seed holes are evenly distributed on the seed drum. 3. A mechanical-pneumatic universal seeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the outer periphery of the seeding drum is sequentially provided with a plurality of first seed filling boxes and a seed cleaning air blowing system along the direction of rotation. The air nozzle, the seed protection plate and the inoculation cup located at the seed unloading position, the second air nozzle of the seed blowing system is arranged in the installation space of the seed metering drum, and the seed filling port of the seed filling box and a part of the seed row The seeding holes are connected, and a plurality of first air nozzles are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the seeding holes on a row of seed strips, and a plurality of second air nozzles are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the seed discharge holes on the installation groove of a kind of strip, and the inoculation cup It is arranged below the seed bar installation grooves corresponding to the multiple second air nozzles. 4. A kind of mechanical pneumatic universal seeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that a collecting and distributing seed box for collecting seeds cleaned from the seeding hole is arranged below the seeding cylinder. 5. A mechanical pneumatic universal seeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that a photoelectric sensing device (8) for detecting seed discharge is installed in the inoculation cup, and the photoelectric sensing device Connect with a microcontroller. 6. A mechanical-pneumatic universal seeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that slide grooves (223) are provided on both sides of the seed strip installation groove, Corresponding sliding bars (122) are arranged on both sides of the two sides, so that the sliding bars of the seed metering bar are slidably sleeved in the chute of the seed bar installation groove. 7. A mechanical pneumatic general-purpose seed sorting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the seed discharge hole is a tapered hole, and the big end of the seed discharge hole is arranged opposite to the second air nozzle. 8. A mechanical pneumatic general-purpose seeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that, when used for seeds with small particle diameters, the seeding holes include the first section and the second section arranged sequentially from outside to inside. Two sections, and the first section and the second section are all tapered holes, the small ends of the first section and the second section are connected, the large end of the second section is adjacent to the small end of the seed discharge hole, and the second section is adjacent to the small end of the seed discharge hole. The diameter of the large port of the second section is equal to the diameter of the small port of the seed discharge hole. 9. A kind of mechanical pneumatic universal seeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that, the seeding hole is set as a tapered hole, and the small end of the seeding hole is in contact with the unloading hole The small ends of the holes are arranged oppositely, and the diameter of the small port of the seed discharge hole is equal to the diameter of the small port of the seed discharge hole.