CN110447334B - Soil loosening and deep fertilization method for fruit tree land - Google Patents
Soil loosening and deep fertilization method for fruit tree land Download PDFInfo
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- CN110447334B CN110447334B CN201910759440.8A CN201910759440A CN110447334B CN 110447334 B CN110447334 B CN 110447334B CN 201910759440 A CN201910759440 A CN 201910759440A CN 110447334 B CN110447334 B CN 110447334B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil loosening and deep fertilization method for a fruit tree field. The soil loosening and deep fertilizing method for the fruit tree field comprises the following steps: s1, drilling a plurality of spray pipe holes with the depth of 0-100cm on the periphery of the vertical projection ground of the crown of the fruit tree; s2, inserting the spray pipe into the spray pipe hole, fixing, introducing compressed gas into the spray pipe, instantly releasing pressurized air, loosening the soil for 1-5 times, each time for 0.2-3S, and the pressure of the pressurized air is 0.3-3 MPa; s3, adding an organic fertilizer suspension into the spray pipe, spraying the organic fertilizer suspension into soil by using compressed gas for 1-10 times, wherein the spraying lasts for 0.5-5S each time, the spraying pressure is 0.5-3MPa, and the volume ratio of the compressed gas to the organic fertilizer suspension is (10-500): 1; and S4, pulling out the spray pipe. The fruit tree field soil loosening and deep fertilization method can loosen and fertilize soil at the same time, the soil can be kept loosened for a long time, the air permeability of the soil is improved, the root system is not damaged in the fertilization process, the fertilization is uniform, and the hardening of the soil caused by long-term use of a chemical fertilizer is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tree planting, in particular to a soil loosening and deep fertilization method for a fruit tree field.
Background
The soil hardening refers to the hardening of the soil surface caused by the cohesive force after the soil surface is dried and the structure is destroyed and the soil is dispersed under the external factors of irrigation or rainfall because the soil surface layer is poor in organic matters. The soil hardening can lead the root system to lack oxygen to cause the activity to be reduced, the normal development can not be realized, the respiration of the cells at the root of the plant is weakened, the root system is limited to be drawn downwards, the root system layer becomes shallow, and the cold resistance, the drought resistance and the disease resistance of the crops are reduced.
In order to eliminate soil hardening, the application amount of organic fertilizers needs to be increased, common organic fertilizers are applied in furrows, holes, deep ploughing, fertilizing and the like, in an orchard planting field, the roots of fruit trees are damaged in the deep ploughing process, the fertilizing modes of furrow application and hole application are adopted mostly, the root depths of the fruit trees are different, and the fertilizing depths of the furrow application and the hole application are limited.
Among the prior art, the chinese utility model patent application with application number CN201810165193.4 discloses a soil loosening device for loosen the soil layer, include: the electromagnetic heating assembly is arranged on the soil layer to heat the soil layer; the soil loosening assembly is at least partially arranged on the soil layer and used for loosening the soil layer; wherein, the electromagnetic heating subassembly includes: the heating coil is arranged on the soil layer; the heated piece is arranged in the soil layer, and the heated piece is arranged opposite to the heating coil; and the power supply assembly is connected with the heating coil.
The existing soil loosening device is convenient to loosen soil, is simple to use, is convenient to operate, can reduce labor intensity, can only achieve short-term soil loosening effect, needs to perform fertilization operation on the soil in addition, and can still cause secondary hardening of the soil if chemical phosphate fertilizer is applied to the soil surface.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the first purpose of the invention is to provide a soil loosening and deep fertilization method for a fruit tree field, which has the advantages of loosening and fertilizing the soil at the same time and keeping the soil loose and fertile for a long time.
In order to achieve the first object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a soil loosening and deep fertilization method for a fruit tree field comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling a plurality of spray pipe holes with the depth of 0-100cm on the periphery of the vertical projection ground of the crown of the fruit tree;
s2, inserting the spray pipe into the spray pipe hole, fixing, introducing compressed gas into the spray pipe, instantly releasing pressurized air, loosening the soil for 1-5 times, each time for 0.2-3S, the pressure of the pressurized air being 0.3-3 MPa;
s3, adding an organic fertilizer suspension into the spray pipe, spraying the organic fertilizer suspension into soil by using compressed gas for 1-10 times, wherein the spraying lasts for 0.5-5S each time, the spraying pressure is 0.5-3MPa, and the volume ratio of the compressed gas to the organic fertilizer suspension is (10-500): 1;
and S4, pulling out the spray pipe.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, at first beat a plurality of spray tube hole in fruit tree root system a week, inject compressed gas into soil through the spray tube hole earlier, compressed gas forms vertically and horizontally staggered's microchannel in soil, thereby make soil loose, improve the gas permeability of soil, add the fertilizer suspension in the spray tube again, the fertilizer suspension is under compressed air's effect, get into in the soil along the microchannel, thereby fertilize soil, the unnecessary land of fertilization in-process, do not hinder the root system, and the abundant and even dispersion of fertilizer is around the root system, fertilizer supply position is good, can disperse in soil depths, and fertilize evenly, the area of influence is big, be favorable to the absorption and the utilization of fruit tree root system.
The water in the organic fertilizer suspension can moisten the soil around the root system, the soil humidity is kept, the soil is prevented from hardening again, the organic fertilizer suspension contains a plurality of microorganisms, the microorganisms can reduce organic matters into carbon dioxide and water through respiration in the soil, so that carbon dioxide gas is continuously generated in the soil and moves upwards along micro channels in the soil, the soil is continuously loosened, and the soil can be kept in a loose state for a long time without ploughing and turning.
The depth of the spray pipe holes can be adjusted according to the size of a fruit tree and the depth of a root system, the spray pipe holes can be applied once or for multiple times, the humidity in soil can be kept, fertilizers can be applied to the soil, the soil can be kept loose, the utilization rate of the fertilizers is high, and the soil improvement effect is good.
Further, the organic fertilizer suspension comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70.5-84.5 parts of organic fertilizer, 60.5-90.5 parts of activated phosphate rock powder, 10.6-15.2 parts of potassium mineral powder, 2.5-3.5 parts of zeolite, 1.8-2.6 parts of montmorillonite, 3.4-3.8 parts of expanded vermiculite, 2.8-3.4 parts of sugar residue, 4-8 parts of straw, 1.2-1.6 parts of plant ash, 0.27-0.32 part of composite microbial inoculum and 660 parts of water with 450 organic chemicals.
By adopting the technical scheme, the organic fertilizer is injected into the soil, so that more comprehensive nutrition such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium and the like can be provided for fruit trees, phosphorus elements required by plants are supplemented, the soil hardening caused by chemical phosphate fertilizer application is avoided, the fertilizer efficiency time of the organic fertilizer suspension is long, soil organic matters can be increased, the microbial propagation is promoted, and the physicochemical property and the biological activity of the soil are improved.
When the activated phosphate rock powder, the potash ore powder, the zeolite, the montmorillonite and the expanded vermiculite enter the soil through compressed gas, the activated phosphate rock powder, the potash ore powder, the zeolite can increase the absorption rate of plants for absorbing fertilizers, the expanded vermiculite and the montmorillonite can increase the air permeability and the water retention of the soil and promote the development of fruit trees, the plant ash can increase the effective components of the soil, promote the growth of root systems, relieve plant diseases and insect pests, enhance photosynthesis, reduce flower and fruit shedding, promote fruit coloring and improve the disease resistance and stress resistance of trees, and the activated phosphate rock powder, the potash ore powder, the zeolite, the montmorillonite and the expanded vermiculite can be used together with a composite microbial inoculum to continuously generate carbon dioxide gas in the soil, so that the soil is kept in a loose state, and the root systems are well developed.
Further, the organic fertilizer suspension is prepared by the following method: (1) respectively crushing zeolite, montmorillonite, expanded vermiculite, straw, sugar slag, activated phosphate rock powder and potassium ore powder into 1500-mesh powder of 100 meshes, mixing the powder with the powder, adding plant ash and an organic fertilizer into the mixed powder, and uniformly mixing; (2) adding the complex microbial inoculum into water, and uniformly stirring to prepare a complex microbial inoculum solution; (3) and (2) adding the composite microbial inoculum solution into the mixture prepared in the step (1), and uniformly stirring to obtain an organic fertilizer suspension.
By adopting the technical scheme, zeolite, montmorillonite, expanded vermiculite and the like are crushed and mixed with the rest components to prepare the organic fertilizer suspension, the organic fertilizer suspension is injected into soil through compressed gas, and the zeolite, the montmorillonite and the expanded vermiculite powder with smaller particles can flow in the soil along the micro-channels to keep the soil soft.
Further, the organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method: 6-10 parts of livestock manure, 2-4 parts of potassium ore powder, 8-12 parts of activated phosphate rock powder, 4-8 parts of sunflower straw, 3-5 parts of furfural residue and 2-4 parts of mushroom residue are uniformly mixed, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and water are added to prepare a bacterial solution by mixing according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2-3, the mass ratio of the bacterial solution to the dried fertilizer is 1:800-1500, a plastic film is covered, when the central temperature of the fertilizer is 45-58 ℃, the fertilizer is mixed by overturning for 3-4 times, and the water content is dried to 30-40%.
By adopting the technical scheme, the livestock manure, the sunflower straws, the furfural residues and the mushroom residues are mixed and air-dried, then mixed with the bacterium liquid prepared from lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and water, fermented to prepare the organic fertilizer, the soil can be improved, the root system microbial flora can be improved, and the beneficial bacteria are added, so that the disease occurrence is reduced, the disease and insect resistance of plants is improved, the nutrient content is high, the organic fertilizer is odorless, the harm to the root system is avoided, the microbial activity is promoted, the decomposition of organic matters is accelerated, and the quality of agricultural products is improved.
Further, the composite microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.002-0.004 portion of lactobacillus acidophilus, 0.006-0.008 portion of bacillus licheniformis, 0.003-0.006 portion of bacillus subtilis, 0.011-0.015 portion of high fertility, 0.002-0.006 portion of aspergillus oryzae and 0.011-0.013 portion of yeast.
By adopting the technical scheme, the lactobacillus acidophilus is microaerophilic bacteria, the carbon dioxide generated by microbial decomposition in soil can promote the proliferation of the lactobacillus acidophilus, the lactobacillus acidophilus can reduce the content of nitrate and heavy metal in plants and improve the concentration of soluble sugar, so that the fruit taste is good, the bacillus licheniformis and the bacillus subtilis have strong functions of fixing carbon, fixing nitrogen, dissolving phosphorus, releasing potassium and resisting diseases, the utilization rate of organic fertilizer can be improved, the root growth of fruit trees can be promoted, the fibrous roots are increased, the decomposition of organic substances can be accelerated, quick-acting nutrients are manufactured for fruit trees, power is provided, harmful substances are decomposed, diseases and insect pests are resisted, the aspergillus oryzae and saccharomycetes can promote organic matters in straws to become nutrition required by plant growth, the soil organic matters are improved, the soil structure is improved, and the release of carbon dioxide in soil can be promoted by the mutual cooperation of a plurality of microbial agents, the soil is kept loose, the root system grows strongly, and the taste of the fruits is improved.
Further, the method for activating the ground phosphate rock comprises the following steps: mixing the ground phosphate rock, ammonium sulfate and potassium humate, adding distilled water, stirring, heating to 200-220 ℃, and preserving heat for 20-24h, wherein the mass ratio of the ground phosphate rock, the ammonium sulfate and the potassium humate is 7:3-4:1-2, and the mass ratio of the distilled water to the total weight of the ground phosphate rock, the ammonium sulfate and the potassium humate is 1-1.5:1.
By adopting the technical scheme, the effective phosphorus content in the activated phosphate rock powder is greatly improved, the phosphorus content absorbed and utilized by plants is relatively high and is easily absorbed by fruit trees, the potassium humate can stimulate the growth of fruit trees and promote the oxidation-reduction reaction in plants, the fertilizer efficiency is relatively high, and the later growth of the plants is facilitated.
Further, the preparation method of the straw comprises the following steps: crushing straws, spraying 75-85% of lactobacillus solution and 65-75% of bacillus laterosporus solution on straw dregs in sequence, turning and stirring uniformly, sealing with a plastic film to ensure that the temperature of the straw dregs is 8-12 ℃, standing for 20-30 days, taking out, drying until the water content is 20-25%, and preparing the straws, wherein the mass ratio of the straws to the lactobacillus solution and the bacillus laterosporus solution is 1:1.2-1.4: 1.6-1.8.
By adopting the technical scheme, the straws are acidified, so that potassium and phosphorus can be quickly released, the soil can be quickly fertilized, the regulation and control effect of straw returning on soil nutrients is further improved, and straw incineration is reduced.
Further, the potassium mineral powder is prepared by crushing and mixing hydromica, potassium feldspar and kaolin, wherein the mass ratio of the hydromica to the potassium feldspar to the kaolin is 2-3:1-1.5: 1.2-1.8.
By adopting the technical scheme, the hydromica is a soil potassium-containing primary mineral, the potash feldspar is a potassium-containing feldspar mineral, the kaolin is rich in potassium element, and potassium in the potash ore powder is released into the soil through physical weathering and chemical weathering, so that the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, potassium and other nutrient elements by fruit trees are improved.
Furthermore, the spray pipe hole is obliquely formed, one end of the spray pipe hole, which is positioned in the soil, is close to the fruit tree trunk, and the included angle between the length direction of the spray pipe hole and the ground is 20-60 degrees.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, make the one end of spray tube hole site in the ground be close to the trunk, and become the slope and set up, during the compressed gas of being convenient for pours into soil into, and the flow direction that compressed gas got into soil is close to the fruit tree root system, is convenient for make the soil around the fruit tree root system keep loose, and increases soil fertility, makes the growth of fruit tree thriving more.
Furthermore, the aperture of each spray pipe hole is 10-40cm, and the distance between every two adjacent spray pipe holes is 1-1.5 m.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, two adjacent nozzle holes are being poured into the compressed gas who contains the fertilizer suspension to the soil and are making, and compressed gas can be more even, more comprehensive pour into soil into, makes soil keep loose, and makes soil more have the fertility.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, because the method of the invention adopts the way of introducing compressed gas into the soil around the root system through the nozzle holes, and then injecting the compressed gas with organic fertilizer suspension into the soil, because the compressed gas can form micro-channels in the soil, the soil is looser, thereby achieving the effect of loosening the soil, and the organic fertilizer suspension can move in the soil along the micro-channels, and fertilize around the root system, the compressed gas can make the organic fertilizer suspension uniformly dispersed in the soil, the fertilization uniformity and the fertilization area are large, the root is not damaged in the fertilization process, the fertilizer is concentrated around the root system, and the absorption and the utilization of the root system are facilitated.
Secondly, the method preferably applies fertilizer to the fruit trees by adopting an organic fertilizer suspension, wherein the components of the compound microbial inoculum and the like can enable organic matters to generate carbon dioxide gas, the carbon dioxide gas continuously moves upwards along micro channels, so that the soil is continuously loosened, the soil is kept loose for a long time, beneficial bacteria, microorganisms and the like in the organic suspension move deep in the soil, the soil loosening effect is good, the nutrient elements such as phosphorus, potassium and the like required by plants can be supplemented, the soil hardening caused by applying chemical phosphate fertilizers is avoided, and the montmorillonite, zeolite, activated phosphate rock powder and other mineral raw materials are used, so that the air permeability of the soil can be improved, and the soil is loosened.
Thirdly, the method of the invention ensures that the organic fertilizer suspension is uniformly dispersed in the soil by obliquely arranging the spray pipe hole and enabling one end of the spray pipe hole, which is positioned on the ground, to be close to the root system of the fruit tree, can adjust the fertilizing amount and the loosening soil depth according to the size of the fruit tree and the depth of the root system, ensures that the soil can be kept loose for a long time by utilizing the mode of co-injecting the gas fertilizer, and can uniformly fertilize in the deep soil without damaging the root system of the fruit tree.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Preparation examples 1 to 3 of organic fertilizers
In preparation examples 1 to 3, the furfural residue was selected from furfural residue sold under the No. 09 by JUNNANDA CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD, mushroom residue was selected from mushroom residue sold under the No. 11221112 by DENDA XIN Son commercial product Co., LTD, lactic acid bacteria were selected from lactic acid bacteria sold under the No. 037 by Shandong Junle Biotech Co., LTD, and yeast was selected from yeast sold under the No. 025 by Cangzhou New geodetic Biotech Co., LTD.
Preparation example 1: 6kg of livestock manure, 2kg of potassium mineral powder, 8kg of activated phosphate rock powder, 4kg of sunflower straws, 3kg of furfural residues and 2kg of mushroom residues are uniformly mixed, a bacterial solution prepared by mixing lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and water according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2 is added, the mass ratio of the bacterial solution to the total amount of the dried fertilizer is 1:800, a plastic film is covered, when the central temperature of the fertilizer is 45 ℃, the fertilizer is turned and mixed for 3 times, and the fertilizer is air-dried until the water content is 30%.
Preparation example 2: uniformly mixing 8kg of livestock manure, 3kg of potassium mineral powder, 10kg of activated phosphate rock powder, 6kg of sunflower straws, 4kg of furfural residues and 3kg of mushroom residues, adding a bacterium solution prepared by mixing lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and water according to a mass ratio of 1:1:2.5, covering a plastic film, turning and mixing the fertilizer for 3 times when the central temperature of the fertilizer is 50 ℃, and air-drying until the water content is 35%.
Preparation example 3: uniformly mixing 10kg of livestock and poultry excrement, 4kg of potassium mineral powder, 12kg of activated phosphate rock powder, 8kg of sunflower straws, 5kg of furfural residues and 4kg of mushroom residues, adding a bacterial solution prepared by mixing lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and water according to the mass ratio of 1:1:3, wherein the mass ratio of the bacterial solution to the total amount of the dried fertilizer is 1:1500, covering a plastic film, and when the central temperature of the fertilizer is 58 ℃, turning over and mixing the fertilizer for 4 times, and air-drying until the water content is 40%.
Preparation examples 4 to 6 of activated ground phosphate rock
In preparation examples 4 to 6, the potassium humate was selected from potassium humate sold by Jinan Hongheng chemical engineering Co., Ltd under the product number Qj0012, and the powdered rock phosphate was selected from powdered rock phosphate sold by Jinan Texg chemical engineering Co., Ltd under the product number 003.
Preparation example 4: mixing the ground phosphate rock, ammonium sulfate and potassium humate, adding distilled water, stirring, heating to 200 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 20 hours, wherein the mass ratio of the ground phosphate rock to the ammonium sulfate to the potassium humate is 7:3:1, and the mass ratio of the distilled water to the total weight of the ground phosphate rock, the ammonium sulfate to the potassium humate is 1:1.
Preparation example 5: mixing the ground phosphate rock, ammonium sulfate and potassium humate, adding distilled water, stirring, heating to 210 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 22 hours, wherein the mass ratio of the ground phosphate rock to the ammonium sulfate to the potassium humate is 7:3.5:1.5, and the mass ratio of the distilled water to the total weight of the ground phosphate rock to the ammonium sulfate to the potassium humate is 1.3:1.
Preparation example 6: mixing the ground phosphate rock, ammonium sulfate and potassium humate, adding distilled water, stirring, heating to 220 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 24 hours, wherein the mass ratio of the ground phosphate rock to the ammonium sulfate to the potassium humate is 7:4:2, and the mass ratio of the distilled water to the total weight of the ground phosphate rock to the ammonium sulfate to the potassium humate is 1.5:1.
Preparation examples 7 to 9 of straw
The phosphorus ore powder in preparation examples 7 to 9 was selected from powdered phosphorus ore sold under the trade name of 13 by Jinan Xinfeng sensitization chemical Co., Ltd, the lactic acid bacteria was selected from lactic acid bacteria sold under the trade name of 037 by Shandong Junle Biotech Co., Ltd, and the Bacillus laterosporus was selected from Bacillus laterosporus sold under the trade name of 161 by Biotech Co., Ltd, Cangzhou.
Preparation example 7: crushing straws, spraying 75% of lactobacillus solution and 65% of bacillus laterosporus solution on straw residues in sequence, turning and stirring uniformly, sealing with a plastic film to ensure that the temperature of the straw residues is 8 ℃, standing for 20 days, taking out, drying until the water content is 20%, and preparing the straws, wherein the mass ratio of the straws to the lactobacillus solution and the bacillus laterosporus solution is 1:1.2:1.6, and the straws are corn straws.
Preparation example 8: crushing straws, spraying a lactobacillus solution with the concentration of 80% and a bacillus laterosporus solution with the concentration of 70% on straw residues in sequence, turning and stirring uniformly, sealing with a plastic film to ensure that the temperature of the straw residues is 10 ℃, standing for 25 days, taking out, drying until the water content is 23%, and preparing the straws, wherein the mass ratio of the straws to the lactobacillus solution and the bacillus laterosporus solution is 1:1.3:1.7, and the straws are cotton straws.
Preparation example 9: crushing straws, spraying a lactobacillus solution with the concentration of 85% and a bacillus laterosporus solution with the concentration of 75% on straw residues in sequence, turning and stirring uniformly, sealing with a plastic film until the temperature of the straw residues is 12 ℃, standing for 30 days, taking out, and drying until the water content is 25% to prepare the straws, wherein the mass ratio of the straws to the lactobacillus solution and the bacillus laterosporus solution is 1:1.4:1.8, and the straws are wheat straws.
Examples
Examples 1-3 wherein the montmorillonite is selected from montmorillonite having a cargo number of J-009 sold by Gangchang mineral processing plant in Ling county, the exfoliated vermiculite is selected from exfoliated vermiculite having a cargo number of 001 sold by Kaihao Ming mineral processing plant in Gangchang county, the zeolite is selected from zeolite having a cargo number of HC-F01001 sold by Hongkong water purification material factory in Jianyi, Ming City, the sugar residue is selected from sugar residue having a cargo number of 001 sold by Jinnan Xinyi chemical industry Co., Ltd, the Lactobacillus acidophilus is selected from Lactobacillus acidophilus having a cargo number of 003 sold by Xian Heng chemical industry Co., Ltd, the Bacillus is selected from Bacillus licheniformis having a cargo number of 667 sold by Jinnan Xinjiang Biotech Co., Ltd, the Bacillus subtilis is selected from Bacillus subtilis having a cargo number of 003 sold by Jinan Nongchang New Material Co., Ltd, the fertility is selected from the fertility high having a cargo number of 1016 sold by Tongxi trade Co., Ltd, the Aspergillus oryzae is selected from Aspergillus oryzae sold by Shandong Weiduofeng Biotech limited under the trademark 201904, and the yeast is selected from yeast sold by Cangzhou Xingdahi Biotechnology limited under the trademark 025.
Example 1: a soil loosening and deep fertilization method for a fruit tree field comprises the following steps:
s1, marking a plurality of spray pipe holes on the periphery of the ground of the vertical projection of the crown of the fruit tree, wherein the spray pipe holes are obliquely formed, one ends of the spray pipe holes, which are positioned in soil, are close to the fruit tree trunk, the included angle between the length direction of the spray pipe holes and the ground is 20 degrees, the diameters of the spray pipe holes are 10cm, and the distance between every two adjacent spray pipe holes is 1 m;
s2, inserting the spray pipe into the spray pipe hole, fixing, introducing compressed gas into the spray pipe, instantly releasing pressurized air, loosening the soil for 1 time, 3S each time, and keeping the pressure of the pressurized air at 3 MPa;
s3, adding an organic fertilizer suspension into the spray pipe, spraying the organic fertilizer suspension into soil by using compressed gas for 1 time, wherein the spraying lasts for 5S each time, the spraying pressure is 3MPa, and the volume ratio of the compressed gas to the organic fertilizer suspension is 10: 1; the compressed gas is air, and the organic fertilizer suspension is prepared from the raw materials in the following proportion in table 1 by the following method: (1) respectively crushing 2.5kg of zeolite, 1.8kg of montmorillonite, 3.4kg of expanded vermiculite, 4kg of straw, 2.8kg of sugar residue, 60.5kg of activated phosphate rock powder and 10.6kg of potassium ore powder into 100-mesh powder, mixing the powder, adding 1.2kg of plant ash and 70.5kg of organic fertilizer into the mixed powder, and uniformly mixing, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by preparation example 1, the activated phosphate rock powder is prepared by preparation example 4, the straw is prepared by preparation example 7, the potassium ore powder is prepared by crushing and mixing hydromica, potassium feldspar and kaolin, and the mass ratio of the hydromica, the potassium feldspar and the kaolin is 2:1: 1.2; (2) adding 0.27kg of complex microbial inoculum into 450kg of water, and uniformly stirring to prepare a complex microbial inoculum solution, wherein the complex microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing the raw materials in the table 2; (3) adding the composite microbial inoculum solution into the mixture prepared in the step (1), and uniformly stirring to prepare an organic fertilizer suspension;
and S4, pulling out the spray pipe.
TABLE 1 raw material proportions of organic suspensions in examples 1 to 3
Table 2 raw material ratio of the complex microbial inoculum in examples 1-3
Example 2: a soil loosening and deep fertilization method for a fruit tree field comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling a plurality of spray pipe holes with the depth of 50cm on the periphery of the ground of the vertical projection of the crown of the fruit tree, wherein the spray pipe holes are obliquely formed, one end, located in soil, of each spray pipe hole is close to the fruit trunk, the included angle between the length direction of each spray pipe hole and the ground is 20 degrees, the diameter of each spray pipe hole is 20cm, and the distance between every two adjacent spray pipe holes is 1.3 m;
s2, inserting the spray pipe into the spray pipe hole, fixing, introducing compressed gas into the spray pipe, instantly releasing pressurized air, loosening the soil for 3 times, 1.6S each time, and keeping the pressure of the pressurized air at 1.8 MPa;
s3, adding an organic fertilizer suspension into the spray pipe, spraying the organic fertilizer suspension into soil by using compressed gas, spraying for 5 times, wherein the spraying lasts for 3S each time, the spraying pressure is 1.5MPa, and the volume ratio of the compressed gas to the organic fertilizer suspension is 255: 1; the compressed gas is oxygen, and the organic fertilizer suspension is prepared from the raw materials in the proportion shown in table 1 by the following method: (1) respectively crushing 3kg of zeolite, 2.2kg of montmorillonite, 3.6kg of expanded vermiculite, 6kg of straw, 3.1kg of sugar residues, 60.5kg of activated phosphate rock powder and 13.6kg of potassium ore powder into 800-mesh powder, mixing the powder, adding 1.4kg of plant ash and 78kg of organic fertilizer into the mixed powder, and uniformly mixing, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by preparation example 2, the activated phosphate rock powder is prepared by preparation example 5, the straw is prepared by preparation example 8, the potassium ore powder is prepared by crushing and mixing hydromica, potassium feldspar and kaolin, and the mass ratio of the hydromica, the potassium feldspar and the kaolin is 2.5:1.3: 1.5; (2) adding 0.3kg of complex microbial inoculum into 550kg of water, and uniformly stirring to prepare a complex microbial inoculum solution, wherein the complex microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing the raw materials in the table 2; (3) adding the composite microbial inoculum solution into the mixture prepared in the step (1), and uniformly stirring to prepare an organic fertilizer suspension;
and S4, pulling out the spray pipe.
Example 3: a soil loosening and deep fertilization method for a fruit tree field comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling a plurality of spray pipe holes with the depth of 100cm on the periphery of the perpendicular projection ground of the crown of the fruit tree, wherein the spray pipe holes are obliquely formed, one end, located in soil, of each spray pipe hole is close to the fruit trunk, the included angle between the length direction of each spray pipe hole and the ground is 60 degrees, the diameter of each spray pipe hole is 40cm, and the distance between every two adjacent spray pipe holes is 1.5 m;
s2, inserting the spray pipe into the spray pipe hole, fixing, introducing compressed gas into the spray pipe, instantly releasing pressurized air, loosening soil 5 for 0.2S each time, and controlling the pressure of the pressurized air to be 0.3 MPa;
s3, adding an organic fertilizer suspension into the spray pipe, spraying the organic fertilizer suspension into soil by using compressed gas for 10 times, wherein the spraying lasts for 0.5S each time, the spraying pressure is 0.5MPa, and the volume ratio of the compressed gas to the organic fertilizer suspension is 500: 1; the compressed gas is carbon dioxide, and the organic fertilizer suspension is prepared from the raw materials in the following proportion in table 1 by the following method: (1) respectively crushing 3.5kg of zeolite, 2.6kg of montmorillonite, 3.8kg of expanded vermiculite, 8kg of straw, 4.4kg of sugar residue, 90.5kg of activated phosphate rock powder and 15.2kg of potassium ore powder into 1500-mesh powder, mixing the powder, adding 1.6kg of plant ash and 84.5kg of organic fertilizer into the mixed powder, and uniformly mixing, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by preparation example 3, the activated phosphate rock powder is prepared by preparation example 6, the straw is prepared by preparation example 9, the potassium ore powder is prepared by crushing and mixing hydromica, potassium feldspar and kaolin, and the mass ratio of the hydromica, the potassium feldspar and the kaolin is 3:1.5: 1.8; (2) adding 0.32kg of complex microbial inoculum into 660kg of water, and uniformly stirring to prepare a complex microbial inoculum solution, wherein the complex microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing the raw materials in the table 2; (3) adding the composite microbial inoculum solution into the mixture prepared in the step (1), and uniformly stirring to prepare an organic fertilizer suspension;
and S4, pulling out the spray pipe.
Comparative example 1: a soil loosening and deep fertilization method for fruit tree lands is different from that of example 1 in that no organic fertilizer suspension is added into a spray pipe.
Comparative example 2: a method for loosening soil and deeply fertilizing a fruit tree field is different from that in example 1 in that an organic fertilizer is not added into an organic fertilizer suspension.
Comparative example 3: the difference between the method for loosening soil and deeply fertilizing the fruit tree field and the embodiment 1 is that activated phosphate rock powder is not added into an organic fertilizer suspension.
Comparative example 4: the difference between the method for loosening soil and deeply fertilizing the fruit tree field and the embodiment 1 is that no straw is added into the organic fertilizer suspension.
Comparative example 5: a method for loosening soil and deeply fertilizing fruit tree field, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that no potassium mineral powder is added into an organic fertilizer suspension.
Performance test
Firstly, detecting the planting effect of apple trees: eight-mu orchard land is selected and divided into eight test lands, one land is used for each test land, the test land is marked as No. 1-8 test land, apple trees are planted on the eight-mu orchard land in spring, the varieties of the apple trees are red Fuji, the thickness diameter of root parts is 1cm, the height is 1.5m, the plant density is 3m multiplied by 4m, when soil hardening occurs, the No. 1-8 test land correspondingly loosens and fertilizes the soil according to the method in the embodiments 1-3 and 1-5, other management is consistent, the growth conditions of the apple trees from 3 to 5 years after planting are recorded, and data are recorded in a table 3.
TABLE 3 growth of apple trees
The apple trees are the trees with the largest area and the largest yield of deciduous fruit trees in northern China, the natural life of the apple trees is more than 100 years, the production life is about 50 years, when the apple trees are updated, the old trees are cut off from old orchards, the apple trees are re-planted, the apple trees grow slowly due to soil hardening after survival, the growth amount is small, the plants are short and small, the root systems grow badly, the fibrous roots are few, the nutrient absorption capacity is weak, and the yield is low.
The test plots of No. 4 to No. 8, which are treated according to the methods in the comparative examples 1 to 5, show that the apple trees grow slowly, the paper strips are thin and weak, the tree bodies are weak and unhealthy, and the yield is greatly different from that of the test plots of No. 1 to No. 3, so that compressed gas doped with organic fertilizer suspension is introduced into soil, the soil can be effectively kept loose, the soil permeability is improved, the soil fertility is increased, and the growth of roots and trunks is promoted.
Secondly, detecting the planting effect of the peach trees: selecting eight-mu orchard land, averagely dividing the eight-mu orchard land into 8 test lands, wherein each test land is one mu and is marked as No. 1-8 test lands, planting peach trees on the test lands, the planting distance is 3m multiplied by 3m, the planting height is 1.5m, and the dry thickness is 1.0cm, when soil hardening occurs, the No. 1-8 test lands correspondingly loosen and fertilize the soil according to the method in the embodiments 1-3 and 1-5, other management is consistent, the growth conditions of the apple trees from the 3 rd year to the 5 th year after planting are recorded, and the data are recorded in a table 4.
TABLE 4 peach tree growth
The death rate of young peach trees is high, root systems do not grow, the growth is slow, the yield is low, tree crowns are closed, and plant diseases and insect pests are serious, as can be seen from data in table 4, soil loosening and fertilization are carried out on No. 1-3 peach tree test lands according to the method in the embodiment 1-3, the tree crowns of No. 1-3 peach tree test lands are neat, the tree height reaches 2.3-2.5m in the third year and is 2.6m close to the target height, the dry and coarse diameter grows fast, and the yield is high.
In the peach tree test plots of Nos. 4 to 8 treated by the methods of comparative examples 1 to 5, compared with the peach tree test plots of Nos. 1 to 3, the crown and trunk diameter grow slowly, the tree height reaches the highest in the fifth year, the yield is only 744-865kg in the fifth year, and the yield is greatly different from that of the peach tree test plots of Nos. 1 to 3.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications without inventive contribution to the present embodiment as required after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A soil loosening and deep fertilization method for a fruit tree field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, drilling a plurality of spray pipe holes with the depth of 0-100cm on the periphery of the perpendicular projection ground of the crown of the fruit tree;
s2, inserting the spray pipe into the spray pipe hole, fixing, introducing compressed gas into the spray pipe, instantly releasing pressurized air, loosening the soil for 1-5 times, each time for 0.2-3S, the pressure of the pressurized air being 0.3-3 MPa;
s3, adding an organic fertilizer suspension into the spray pipe, spraying the organic fertilizer suspension into soil by using compressed gas for 1-10 times, wherein the spraying lasts for 0.5-5S each time, the spraying pressure is 0.5-3MPa, and the volume ratio of the compressed gas to the organic fertilizer suspension is (10-500): 1;
s4, pulling out the spray pipe;
the pipe diameter of each spray pipe is 10-40cm, and the distance between adjacent spray pipe holes is 1-1.5 m;
the spray pipe hole is obliquely formed, one end of the spray pipe hole, which is positioned in the soil, is close to the fruit tree trunk, and the included angle between the length direction of the spray pipe hole and the ground is 20-60 degrees;
the organic fertilizer suspension comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70.5-84.5 parts of organic fertilizer, 60.5-90.5 parts of activated phosphate rock powder, 10.6-15.2 parts of potassium ore powder, 2.5-3.5 parts of zeolite, 1.8-2.6 parts of montmorillonite, 3.4-3.8 parts of expanded vermiculite, 2.8-3.4 parts of sugar residue, 4-8 parts of straw, 1.2-1.6 parts of plant ash, 0.27-0.32 part of composite microbial inoculum and 660 parts of water with 450 organic fertilizer content.
2. The soil loosening and deep fertilizing method for fruit tree lands as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer suspension is prepared by the following method: (1) respectively crushing zeolite, montmorillonite, expanded vermiculite, straw, sugar slag, activated phosphate rock powder and potassium ore powder into 1500-mesh powder of 100 meshes, mixing the powder with the powder, adding plant ash and an organic fertilizer into the mixed powder, and uniformly mixing; (2) adding the complex microbial inoculum into water, and uniformly stirring to prepare a complex microbial inoculum solution; (3) and (2) adding the composite microbial inoculum solution into the mixture prepared in the step (1), and uniformly stirring to obtain an organic fertilizer suspension.
3. The fruit tree field soil loosening and deep fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by the following method: uniformly mixing 6-10 parts by weight of livestock manure, 2-4 parts by weight of potassium ore powder, 8-12 parts by weight of activated phosphate rock powder, 4-8 parts by weight of sunflower straw, 3-5 parts by weight of furfural residue and 2-4 parts by weight of mushroom fungus residue, adding a bacterium solution prepared by mixing lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and water according to a mass ratio of 1:1:2-3, wherein the mass ratio of the bacterium solution to the dried fertilizer is 1:800 plus 1500, covering a plastic film, when the central temperature of the fertilizer is 45-58 ℃, turning over and mixing the fertilizer for 3-4 times, and air-drying until the water content is 30-40%.
4. The fruit tree field soil loosening and deep fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein the compound microbial inoculum comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.002-0.004 portion of lactobacillus acidophilus, 0.006-0.008 portion of bacillus licheniformis, 0.003-0.006 portion of bacillus subtilis, 0.011-0.015 portion of high fertility, 0.002-0.006 portion of aspergillus oryzae and 0.011-0.013 portion of yeast.
5. The fruit tree field soil loosening and deep fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the straw is as follows: crushing straws, spraying 75-85% of lactobacillus solution and 65-75% of bacillus laterosporus solution on straw residues in sequence, turning and stirring uniformly, sealing with a plastic film to ensure that the temperature of the straw residues is 8-12 ℃, standing for 20-30 days, taking out, and drying until the water content is 20-25% to obtain the straws, wherein the mass ratio of the straws to the lactobacillus solution and the bacillus laterosporus solution is 1:1.2-1.4: 1.6-1.8.
6. The soil loosening and deep fertilization method for fruit tree lands as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method for activating the ground phosphate rock is as follows: mixing the ground phosphate rock, ammonium sulfate and potassium humate, adding distilled water, stirring, heating to 200-220 ℃, and preserving heat for 20-24h, wherein the mass ratio of the ground phosphate rock, the ammonium sulfate and the potassium humate is 7:3-4:1-2, and the mass ratio of the distilled water to the total weight of the ground phosphate rock, the ammonium sulfate and the potassium humate is 1-1.5:1.
7. The fruit tree field soil loosening and deep fertilization method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the potassium mineral powder is prepared by crushing and mixing hydromica, potassium feldspar and kaolin, and the mass ratio of the hydromica to the potassium feldspar to the kaolin is 2-3:1-1.5: 1.2-1.8.
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| CN111320511A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-06-23 | 王美娟 | Soil fertilizer for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases and preparation method thereof |
| CN111386782B (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2021-05-18 | 广州隆盛景观建设有限公司 | Garden planting soil improvement method |
| CN112272987A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-01-29 | 阜南县美林蓝莓科技发展有限公司 | Soil improvement method for blueberry planting |
| CN113498650A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-10-15 | 江苏兰馨园林有限公司 | Soil loosening and fertilizing method for advanced vegetation soil layer |
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