CN110444791A - Catalyst coat film, fuel cell and preparation method - Google Patents
Catalyst coat film, fuel cell and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110444791A CN110444791A CN201910802272.6A CN201910802272A CN110444791A CN 110444791 A CN110444791 A CN 110444791A CN 201910802272 A CN201910802272 A CN 201910802272A CN 110444791 A CN110444791 A CN 110444791A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
- H01M8/1006—Corrugated, curved or wave-shaped MEA
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8828—Coating with slurry or ink
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of catalyst coat film, fuel cell and preparation method, which includes: proton exchange membrane；Catalytic Layer, is formed in the opposite two sides of the proton exchange membrane, and the surface of the Catalytic Layer has 3 D stereo micro-structure.In this way, the present invention can provide technical support for the membrane electrode and fuel cell for obtaining the utilization efficiency for combining water management, reduction mass transfer impedance and raising catalyst.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery technology field more particularly to a kind of catalyst coat films, fuel cell and preparation method.
Background technique
Fuel cell is a kind of electrochemical cell, and cardinal principle is to go back the chemical energy in fuel and oxidant through oxidation
Original reaction is converted into electric energy.Important branch of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells as fuel cell field, in addition to possessing combustion
Expect except battery generality feature that also there is fast, small in size, the electroless liquid loss of starting speed at room temperature, be easy draining, service life
Long, outstanding advantages of specific power and specific energy are high.
Membrane electrode is the core component of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.Catalytic Layer is incorporated in proton exchange membrane and is prepared into
Catalyst coat film (CCM, Catalyst Coated Membrane), then by CCM and the gas diffusion layers system of being bonded together
For at membrane electrode, the membrane electrode of this kind of structure can be improved the performance of membrane electrode of fuel batter with proton exchange film.CCM has two at present
Kind of preparation method: one is directly coating in proton exchange membrane catalyst, the problem of this method is that proton exchange membrane easily absorbs
Solvent in catalyst, and occur to be swollen and generate deformation, it is very big on the influence of the homogeneity of CCM structure, and the knot of Catalytic Layer
It is easy to appear be cracked structure.Another kind is that first catalyst pulp is coated on inert substrate to form Catalytic Layer, then
Catalytic Layer is transferred in proton exchange membrane by way of high temperature hot pressing, the CCM that this preparation method obtains, Catalytic Layer is very
It is thin, it can reduce the dosage of catalyst, and can be avoided influence of the solvent to proton exchange membrane.
Although the preparation process of membrane electrode is improving always, the performance of fuel cell is also being improved, above-mentioned membrane electrode
Water management can not be combined, mass transfer impedance is reduced and improves the utilization efficiency of catalyst.
Summary of the invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a kind of catalyst coat film, fuel cell and catalyst coat films
Preparation method, can for obtain combine water management, reduce mass transfer impedance and improve catalyst utilization efficiency film
Electrode and fuel cell provide technical support.
In order to solve the above technical problems, one technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: a kind of catalyst coat film is provided, is wrapped
It includes: proton exchange membrane；Catalytic Layer, is formed in the opposite two sides of the proton exchange membrane, and the surface of the Catalytic Layer has three-dimensional
Stereo microstructure.
Wherein, the surface of the Catalytic Layer has runner；The shape of the runner includes bar shaped, circular ring shape, grid-shaped, snake
At least one of shape, mountain peak shape；The length range of the runner is 1-1000um；The width range of the runner is 1-
1000um；The depth bounds of the runner are 0.1-10um.
Wherein, the Catalytic Layer is prepared by transfer printing；Transferring basilar memebrane has impression of different shapes；Impression shape
Shape includes at least one of bar shaped, circular ring shape, grid-shaped, snakelike, mountain peak shape；The length range of the impression is 1-
1000um；The width range of the impression is 1-1000um；The depth bounds of the impression are 0.1-10um.
In order to solve the above technical problems, another technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of fuel cell is provided, it is described
Fuel cell includes membrane electrode, and the membrane electrode includes described in any item catalyst coat films as above.
In order to solve the above technical problems, another technical solution used in the present invention is: providing a kind of catalyst coat film
Preparation method, comprising: provide proton exchange membrane；Forming surface in the opposite two sides of the proton exchange membrane has 3 D stereo
The Catalytic Layer of micro-structure.
Wherein, the surface of the Catalytic Layer has runner；The shape of the runner includes bar shaped, circular ring shape, grid-shaped, snake
At least one of shape, mountain peak shape；The length range of the runner is 1-1000um；The width range of the runner is 1-
1000um；The depth bounds of the runner are 0.1-10um.
Wherein, the offer proton exchange membrane includes: to be utilized respectively hydrogenperoxide steam generator and sulfuric acid solution to proton exchange
Film is pre-processed, and pretreated proton exchange membrane is obtained；Wherein, the two sides opposite in the proton exchange membrane are formed
Surface has the Catalytic Layer of 3 D stereo micro-structure, comprising: is formed using transfer printing in the opposite two sides of the proton exchange membrane
Surface has the Catalytic Layer of 3 D stereo micro-structure.
Wherein, described to form surface with the micro- knot of 3 D stereo in the opposite two sides of the proton exchange membrane using transfer printing
The Catalytic Layer of structure, comprising: the transfer basilar memebrane with impression of different shapes is provided, catalyst pulp is provided；By the catalysis
Agent slurry is coated on the transfer basilar memebrane with impression of different shapes and forms Catalytic Layer；The Catalytic Layer is transferred to
On the two sides up and down of the proton exchange membrane, the catalyst coat film is formed.
Wherein, described that the transfer basilar memebrane with impression of different shapes is provided, comprising: using with mould of different shapes
Tool carries out impression processing to transfer basilar memebrane, obtains the transfer basilar memebrane with impression of different shapes；Wherein, impression shape
Shape includes at least one of bar shaped, circular ring shape, grid-shaped, snakelike, mountain peak shape；The length range of the impression is 1-
1000um；The width range of the impression is 1-1000um；The depth bounds of the impression are 0.1-10um；Wherein, described to mention
For catalyst pulp, comprising: be uniformly mixed catalyst, solvent and perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymer solution, obtain the catalyst
Slurry；
Wherein, the catalyst includes pallium-on-carbon；The solvent includes water and isopropanol；The pallium-on-carbon and perfluorinated sulfonic acid
Polymer quality is (1-5) than range: (3-1)；The water and the isopropanol quality are (1-10) than range: (10-1)；Institute
The solids content limits for stating catalyst pulp are 10-30%；Wherein, described to have the catalyst pulp not coated in described
Catalytic Layer is formed on the transfer basilar memebrane of the impression of similar shape, comprising: is coated in the catalyst pulp described with difference
On the transfer basilar memebrane of the impression of shape, Catalytic Layer is formed after dry in the environment of the first predetermined temperature range；Described first
Predetermined temperature range is 60-80 DEG C.
Wherein, described to form surface with the micro- knot of 3 D stereo in the opposite two sides of the proton exchange membrane using transfer printing
The Catalytic Layer of structure, comprising: transfer basilar memebrane is provided, catalyst pulp is provided；The catalyst pulp is coated in the transfer
Catalytic Layer is formed on basilar memebrane；The Catalytic Layer is transferred on the two sides up and down of the proton exchange membrane, is formed and does not have three
Tie up the catalyst coat film of stereo microstructure；Using the counterdie with 3 D stereo micro-structure to described micro- without 3 D stereo
The surface of the Catalytic Layer of the catalyst coat film of structure carries out impression processing, forms the catalyst coat film.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: being in contrast to the prior art, catalyst coat film of the invention is handed in proton
Changing the surface that the opposite two sides of film are formed by Catalytic Layer has 3 D stereo micro-structure, and one side catalyst coat film can protect
Original advantage is stayed, can reduce mass transfer impedance and improves the utilization efficiency of catalyst；The surface of another aspect Catalytic Layer has
There is 3 D stereo micro-structure, can be conducive to the discharge of water, increases reaction gas, active catalyst, ionic conduction polymer
Three phase boundary is further reduced mass transfer impedance, while these 3 D stereo micro-structures can also increase the specific surface area of catalyst, have
It is come into full contact with conducive to reaction gas and catalyst, further increases the active area of catalyst, to further increase catalyst
Utilization efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, make required in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the drawings in the following description are only some examples of the present application, for
For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other
Attached drawing.Wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of catalyst coat film of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of Catalytic Layer in catalyst coat film of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of Catalytic Layer in catalyst coat film of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the another embodiment of Catalytic Layer in catalyst coat film of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the another embodiment of Catalytic Layer in catalyst coat film of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the another embodiment of Catalytic Layer in catalyst coat film of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the flow diagram of one embodiment of preparation method of catalyst coat film of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the flow diagram of another embodiment of preparation method of catalyst coat film of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the flow diagram of the another embodiment of preparation method of catalyst coat film of the present invention；
Figure 10 is the surface Electronic Speculum schematic diagram of Catalytic Layer in catalyst coat film that an of the invention concrete application is prepared；
Figure 11 is the surface Electronic Speculum signal of Catalytic Layer in catalyst coat film that another concrete application of the present invention is prepared
Figure；
Figure 12 is the surface Electronic Speculum signal of Catalytic Layer in catalyst coat film that the another concrete application of the present invention is prepared
Figure；
Figure 13 is the surface Electronic Speculum schematic diagram of Catalytic Layer in catalyst coat film that comparative example obtains；
Figure 14 is that the membrane electrode that the catalyst coat film of Figure 10 to Figure 13 is prepared is applied to fuel cell progress performance
The polarization curve schematic diagram of test；
Figure 15 is that the membrane electrode that the catalyst coat film of Figure 10 to Figure 13 is prepared is applied to fuel cell progress performance
It tests in the schematic diagram that current density is 1000 milliamps per square centimeter of lower ac impedance measurements.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present application, technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of embodiments of the present application, rather than whole embodiments.Based on this
Embodiment in application, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other under the premise of not making creative labor
Embodiment shall fall in the protection scope of this application.
Before the invention is described in detail, prior art scenario related to the present invention is first introduced.
Fuel cell is a kind of electrochemical cell, and cardinal principle is to go back the chemical energy in fuel and oxidant through oxidation
Original reaction is converted into electric energy.Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel
Cell) as the important branch of fuel cell field, in addition to possessing fuel cell generality feature such as energy high conversion efficiency, ring
Except border is friendly, also with fast, small in size, the electroless liquid loss of starting speed at room temperature, easy draining, service life length, specific power
Outstanding advantages of high with specific energy.It is applicable not only to the construction in distributing power station, and is suitable for mobile power supply.It is a kind of
Novel dual-use mobile power source.
Membrane electrode (MEA, Membrane Electrode Assembly) is the core of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Part is the place that fuel cell carries out redox reaction, mainly by perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange film, catalyst, gas diffusion
Layer and sealing material composition.Basic unit of the MEA as electrochemical reaction of fuel battery, structure design and prepare technique side
The it is proposed of case is needed using the basic principles and features of electrochemical reaction of fuel battery as theoretical basis, and combines its real work
Condition is subject to comprehensive consideration.The structure of MEA designs and prepares the key technology that technology is fuel cell studies, it is determined
The working performance of fuel cell.Therefore, a kind of high performance membrane electrode being developed to for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is prepared
It closes important.
The common preparation method of membrane electrode mainly includes following several method at present.Traditional method is to coat catalyst
It is prepared into gas diffusion layers electrode on the gas diffusion, then by the method for high temperature hot pressing by gas diffusion layers electrode and matter
Proton exchange presses together, and is prepared into membrane electrode.Active material in the preparation method of this membrane electrode, in Catalytic Layer
Grain is easy in the duct for the microporous layers being pressed into gas diffusion layers under high pressure, blocks the hole path of gas diffusion layers, greatly
It is big to increase resistance to mass tranfer, and reduce the utilization efficiency of catalyst.At the same time, due to proton exchange membrane and gas diffusion layers electricity
Pole is pressed together by high temperature hot pressing, and contact of the proton exchange membrane with Catalytic Layer is not very closely, to cause connecing for fuel cell
Touching impedance can be bigger.
In order to improve the performance of membrane electrode of fuel batter with proton exchange film, later develops into and Catalytic Layer is incorporated in proton friendship
It changes on film and is prepared into catalyst coat film (CCM, Catalyst Coated Membrane), then by CCM and gas diffusion layers
It is bonded together and is prepared into membrane electrode.This membrane electrode being prepared by CCM can effective protection gas diffusion layers it is original
Pore structure, effectively improve the transmission of reaction gas, while the utilization efficiency of catalyst can also be substantially increased.Pass through CCM system
It is standby at membrane electrode develop into two kinds of preparation methods, one is catalyst is directly coated in proton exchange membrane to be prepared into CCM, this
Kind of CCM preparation method, solvent that proton exchange membrane is easy in absorbing catalyst and be swollen, and then deformation occurs, to preparation
At the homogeneity of structure of CCM have a great impact, and the structure of Catalytic Layer the phenomenon that it is easy to appear crackings.It is another
CCM preparation method is that first catalyst pulp is coated in inert substrate to form Catalytic Layer, then passes through the side of high temperature hot pressing
Catalytic Layer is transferred in proton exchange membrane by formula, and this by transferring the membrane electrode being prepared, Catalytic Layer is very thin, can reduce
The dosage of catalyst, and can be avoided influence of the solvent to proton exchange membrane.
Although the preparation process of membrane electrode is improving always, the performance of fuel cell is also being improved, the knot of membrane electrode
Structure influences the performance of fuel cell very big.Wherein in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in reacting environment's Catalytic Layer of gas,
The three phase boundary that reaction gas, active catalyst, ionic conduction polymer are constituted is mainly by the inside of Catalytic Layer in membrane electrode
Microstructure is determined, and three phase boundary plays a decisive role to the performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.In addition to this, big
In the case where current electric power generation, cathode water management has the mass transfer impedance of fuel cell very big in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
It influences.If the water of cathode accumulation cannot be discharged in time, it will cause Catalytic Layer and be flooded phenomenon, so that three phase boundary very great Cheng
The active area of the reduction of degree, catalyst reduces, performance a sharp decline of fuel cell.
Catalyst coat film of the invention has three on the surface that the opposite two sides of proton exchange membrane are formed by Catalytic Layer
Stereo microstructure is tieed up, one side catalyst coat film can retain original advantage, can reduce mass transfer impedance and improve and urge
The utilization efficiency of agent；The surface of another aspect Catalytic Layer has 3 D stereo micro-structure, can be conducive to the discharge of water, increases
Reaction gas, active catalyst, ionic conduction polymer three phase boundary, be further reduced mass transfer impedance, while these are three-dimensional
Stereo microstructure can also increase the specific surface area of catalyst, be conducive to reaction gas and come into full contact with catalyst, further increase
The active area of catalyst, to further increase the utilization efficiency of catalyst.
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description.
It is the structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of catalyst coat film of the present invention, the catalyst coat film 100 referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1
It include: proton exchange membrane 1 and Catalytic Layer 2.Catalytic Layer 2 is formed in the opposite two sides of proton exchange membrane 1, the surface tool of Catalytic Layer 2
There is 3 D stereo micro-structure 21.
Proton exchange membrane 1 (PEM, Proton Exchange Membrane) plays key effect to battery performance.It is not
Only there is barrier action, also have the function of proton conducting.In the present embodiment, proton exchange membrane 1 can be existing be used for
The proton exchange membrane of fuel cell, does not limit this.Such as: perfluorosulfonic acid type proton exchange membrane, nafion double teeming film, non-fluorine
Proton exchange polymer membrane, new type proton exchange membrane, etc..
Catalytic Layer 2 is both the place of electrochemical reaction, at the same be also proton, that electronics, reaction gas and water provide transport is logical
Road, structure have a great impact to the cost and performance of fuel cell.In the present embodiment, Catalytic Layer 2 is formed in proton exchange
The opposite two sides of film 1 belong to CCM structure, therefore the catalyst coat film CCM of the present embodiment has the advantages that itself, can
Enough original pore structures of effective protection gas diffusion layers, effectively improve the transmission of reaction gas；Proton exchange membrane 1 and Catalytic Layer 2
Contact it is very close, can reduce mass transfer impedance, while the utilization efficiency of catalyst can also be substantially increased.
Meanwhile the also specific special structure of the Catalytic Layer 2 of the present embodiment, i.e. the surface of Catalytic Layer 2 has 3 D stereo micro-
Structure 21.3 D stereo micro-structure 21 refers to nonplanar, small three-dimensional structure, it should be noted that this three-dimensional
What stereo microstructure 21 had can visually see, invisible, the needs having can just be seen by magnifying glass, microscope etc..
The structure can be conducive to the discharge of water, increase the three phase boundary of reaction gas, active catalyst, ionic conduction polymer, into
One step reduces mass transfer impedance, while these 3 D stereo micro-structures can also increase the specific surface area of catalyst, be conducive to reaction gas
Body comes into full contact with catalyst, further increases the active area of catalyst, to further increase the utilization efficiency of catalyst.
The present embodiment to the specific structure of 3 D stereo micro-structure 21 without limitation, to forming the mode of 3 D stereo micro-structure 21 also not
It limits.
In one embodiment, the surface of Catalytic Layer 2 has runner；The structure of runner is relatively simple, prepares and flows in Catalytic Layer 2
It road also can be simple.Wherein, the shape of runner include bar shaped (as shown in Figure 2), grid-shaped (as shown in Figure 3), circular ring shape (such as
Shown in Fig. 4), at least one of snakelike (as shown in Figure 5), mountain peak shape (as shown in Figure 6)；The length range of runner is 1-
1000um (micron), such as: 1um, 10um, 50um, 100um, 400um, 700um, 1000um, etc.；The width range of runner
It is 1-1000um, such as: 1um, 10um, 50um, 100um, 400um, 700um, 1000um, etc.；The depth bounds of runner are
0.1-10um, such as: 0.1um, 0.5um, 1um, 5um, 10um, etc..
Wherein, Catalytic Layer 2 is prepared by transfer printing；Transfer printing prepares the Catalytic Layer of the present embodiment catalyst coat film
2, Catalytic Layer 2 is not only very thin, can reduce the dosage of catalyst, and can be avoided influence of the solvent to proton exchange membrane 1.
Specifically, transfer basilar memebrane used in transfer printing has impression of different shapes, and effect makes Catalytic Layer
Surface forms 3 D stereo micro-structure 21；Indentation shape include in bar shaped, circular ring shape, grid-shaped, snakelike, mountain peak shape etc. at least
It is a kind of；The length range of impression is 1-1000um, such as: 1um, 10um, 50um, 100um, 400um, 700um, 1000um, etc.
Deng；The width range of impression is 1-1000um, such as: 1um, 10um, 50um, 100um, 400um, 700um, 1000um, etc.；
The depth bounds of impression are 0.1-10um, such as: 0.1um, 0.5um, 1um, 5um, 10um, etc..
The present invention also provides a kind of fuel cell, which includes membrane electrode, and membrane electrode includes any one of as above
Catalyst coat film.Detailed description in relation to catalyst coat film refers to above content, no longer superfluous herein to chat.
It is the flow diagram of one embodiment of preparation method of catalyst coat film of the present invention referring to Fig. 7, Fig. 7, needs
Bright, above-mentioned catalyst coat film can be prepared in the preparation method of the present embodiment, in relation to the detailed of catalyst coat film
Describe in detail it is bright refer to above content, it is no longer superfluous herein to chat.This method comprises:
Step S101: proton exchange membrane is provided.
Step S102: the Catalytic Layer that surface has 3 D stereo micro-structure is formed in the opposite two sides of proton exchange membrane.
The opposite two sides of proton exchange membrane formed surface have 3 D stereo micro-structure Catalytic Layer mode include but
It is not limited to: after the opposite two sides of proton exchange membrane form Catalytic Layer, then on the surface of Catalytic Layer by way of in addition processing
Form 3 D stereo micro-structure；Alternatively, being initially formed the Catalytic Layer with 3 D stereo micro-structure, it is then transferred to proton exchange membrane phase
Pair two sides；Etc..
The catalyst coat film that the embodiment of the present invention is prepared is formed by catalysis in the opposite two sides of proton exchange membrane
The surface of layer has 3 D stereo micro-structure, and one side catalyst coat film can retain original advantage, can reduce mass transfer
Impedance and the utilization efficiency for improving catalyst；The surface of another aspect Catalytic Layer has 3 D stereo micro-structure, can be advantageous
In the discharge of water, increase the three phase boundary of reaction gas, active catalyst, ionic conduction polymer, is further reduced mass transfer resistance
It is anti-, while these 3 D stereo micro-structures can also increase the specific surface area of catalyst, and it is abundant with catalyst to be conducive to reaction gas
Contact, further increases the active area of catalyst, to further increase the utilization efficiency of catalyst.
Wherein, the surface of Catalytic Layer has runner；The shape of runner includes bar shaped, circular ring shape, grid-shaped, snakelike, mountain peak
At least one of shape etc.；The length range of runner is 1-1000um；The width range of runner is 1-1000um；The depth of runner
Range is 0.1-10um.
In one embodiment, step S101 provides proton exchange membrane, may include:
It is utilized respectively hydrogenperoxide steam generator and sulfuric acid solution pre-processes proton exchange membrane, obtain pretreated matter
Proton exchange.
Pretreated purpose is the organic impurities and inorganic impurity removed in proton exchange membrane.Hydrogenperoxide steam generator can be clear
Except organic impurities, sulfuric acid solution can remove inorganic metal ion.In general, hydrogenperoxide steam generator generallys use 3-5%'s
Concentration, the concentration of sulfuric acid solution are usually 0.5mol/L.
For example, the preprocessing process of proton exchange membrane is in a practical application: proton exchange membrane is immersed in 3-5%
In hydrogenperoxide steam generator, be placed in 60-120 DEG C of environment after 3-6h, then cleaned 3-5 times with deionized water, then by its
It is immersed in the sulfuric acid of 0.5mol/L, is placed on 1-3h under 50-90 DEG C of isoperibol, then cleaned 3-5 with deionized water
It is secondary, proton exchange membrane is finally placed on 60 DEG C of dryings of vacuum oven for 24 hours.
In one embodiment, step S102, forming surface in the opposite two sides of proton exchange membrane has the micro- knot of 3 D stereo
The Catalytic Layer of structure, specifically includes: forming surface in the opposite two sides of proton exchange membrane using transfer printing has the micro- knot of 3 D stereo
The Catalytic Layer of structure.
Transfer printing is that first catalyst pulp is coated on inert transfer basilar memebrane to form Catalytic Layer, then passes through high temperature
Catalytic Layer is transferred in proton exchange membrane by the mode of hot pressing, and this by transferring the membrane electrode being prepared, Catalytic Layer is very thin,
It can reduce the dosage of catalyst, and can be avoided influence of the solvent to proton exchange membrane.
Specifically, referring to Fig. 8, forming surface in the opposite two sides of proton exchange membrane using transfer printing has 3 D stereo micro-
The Catalytic Layer of structure may include:
Step S201: the transfer basilar memebrane with impression of different shapes is provided, catalyst pulp is provided.
Step S202: catalyst pulp is coated on the transfer basilar memebrane with impression of different shapes and forms catalysis
Layer.
Step S203: Catalytic Layer is transferred on the two sides up and down of proton exchange membrane, forms catalyst coat film.
The present embodiment applies by being pre-formed on transfer basilar memebrane with impression of different shapes and is covered with catalyst pulp
Afterwards, there is impression of different shapes to be transferred to Catalytic Layer, in transfer, is further transferred to the two sides up and down of proton exchange membrane.
The surface of the Catalytic Layer of preparation has specific 3 D stereo micro-structure, and the 3 D stereo micro-structure for being catalyzed layer surface can be advantageous
In water management, the performance of fuel cell is greatly improved, while improving the utilization efficiency of catalyst, the use of catalyst can be reduced
Amount, to realize the cost for reducing fuel cell.In addition, the preparation process is simply controllable, it is big that industrialization can be easily achieved
The production of scale.
Specifically, step S201 provides the transfer basilar memebrane with impression of different shapes, can specifically include: utilizing
Impression processing is carried out to transfer basilar memebrane with mold of different shapes, obtains the transfer substrate with impression of different shapes
Film.
Wherein, indentation shape includes at least one of bar shaped, circular ring shape, grid-shaped, snakelike, mountain peak shape etc.；Impression
Length range is 1-1000um；The width range of impression is 1-1000um；The depth bounds of impression are 0.1-10um.
The surface three dimension stereo microstructure of Catalytic Layer can be made appropriate according to the situation of actual fuel cell operation
Change, accordingly, indentation shape can make change appropriate, can be different shape, size can also readily into
Row adjustment.
Wherein, step S201 provides catalyst pulp, may include: by catalyst, solvent and perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymer
Solution is uniformly mixed, and obtains catalyst pulp.
Wherein, catalyst includes pallium-on-carbon；Solvent includes water and isopropanol；Pallium-on-carbon and perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymer mass ratio
Range is (1-5): (3-1), such as: 1:3,3:2,5:1, etc.；Water and isopropanol quality are (1-10) than range: (10-1),
Such as: 1:10,1:1,10:1, etc.；20% the solids content limits of catalyst pulp are 10-30%, such as: 10%,
30%, etc..
Wherein, catalyst pulp is coated on the transfer basilar memebrane with impression of different shapes and is formed by step S202
Catalytic Layer may include: that catalyst pulp is coated on the transfer basilar memebrane with impression of different shapes, predetermined first
Catalytic Layer is formed after drying in the environment of temperature range；First predetermined temperature range is 60-80 DEG C, such as: 60 DEG C, 70 DEG C, 80
DEG C, etc..
Referring to Fig. 9, in another embodiment, forming surface in the opposite two sides of proton exchange membrane using transfer printing has three
Tie up stereo microstructure Catalytic Layer, can also include:
Step S301: transfer basilar memebrane is provided, catalyst pulp is provided.
Step S302: catalyst pulp is coated on transfer basilar memebrane and forms Catalytic Layer.
Step S303: Catalytic Layer is transferred on the two sides up and down of proton exchange membrane, is formed and does not have the micro- knot of 3 D stereo
The catalyst coat film of structure.
Step S304: the catalyst for not having 3 D stereo micro-structure is applied using the counterdie with 3 D stereo micro-structure
The surface of the Catalytic Layer of overlay film carries out impression processing, forms catalyst coat film.
In the present embodiment, transfer basilar memebrane is common, normal, the transfer basilar memebrane without impression.The present embodiment is first
Catalyst coat film common, normal, without 3 D stereo micro-structure is formed according to existing transfer technique, is then utilized
Counterdie with 3 D stereo micro-structure to do not have 3 D stereo micro-structure catalyst coat film Catalytic Layer surface into
Row impression processing, to obtain the catalyst coat film of the present embodiment.
Below with specific embodiment come the catalysis that illustrates the preparation method of catalyst of the embodiment of the present invention and be prepared
Agent.
Embodiment 1:
Step 1: the pretreatment of proton exchange membrane and the preparation of catalyst pulp comprising following steps:
(1) proton exchange membrane of 7.1cm*7.1cm size the pretreatment of proton exchange membrane: is immersed in 5% hydrogen peroxide
In solution, it is placed in 70 DEG C of environment after 5h, is then cleaned 3 times with deionized water, then be immersed in 0.5mol/L's
In sulfuric acid, it is placed on 1h under 60 DEG C of isoperibol, then cleaned 3 times with deionized water, finally places proton exchange membrane
60 DEG C of dryings of vacuum oven for 24 hours.
(2) preparation of catalyst pulp: by Pt/C catalyst, deionized water, isopropanol, the Nafion solution of certain mass
It is sufficiently mixed uniformly.Wherein the mass ratio of Pt/C catalyst and nafion are in 2:1.Deionized water: the mass ratio of isopropanol is 5:
3.Wherein the solid content of catalyst pulp is 25%.
In above-described embodiment 1, Pt/C catalyst quality is 1.2g, and the quality of 20% nafion solution is 3g, deionization
The quality of water is 2.17g, isopropanol 0.83g.
Step 2: prepared by membrane electrode, the steps include:
It is used to prepare the processing of the transfer basilar memebrane of CCM, by the smooth polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) of inactive surfaces (Poly tetra
Fluoroethylene, PTFE) basilar memebrane is with having different snakelike molds to carry out impression processing.Indentation shape size,
Length can be 800um, and width can be 4um, depth 2um.
Catalyst pulp is coated on the transfer basilar memebrane by impression processing, after dry in 60 DEG C of environment, then will
Catalytic Layer is transferred on proton exchange membrane upper and lower surface by high temperature hot pressing, is prepared into CCM, is finally fitted in gas diffusion layers
The upper and lower surface of CCM, is prepared into membrane electrode.By the surface for carrying out the Catalytic Layer that impression processing prepares to transfer basilar memebrane
Electronic Speculum schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 10.
Embodiment 2:
Step 1: the pretreatment of proton exchange membrane and the preparation of catalyst pulp comprising following steps:
(1) proton exchange membrane of 7.1cm*7.1cm size the pretreatment of proton exchange membrane: is immersed in 5% hydrogen peroxide
In solution, it is placed in 70 DEG C of environment after 5h, is then cleaned 3 times with deionized water, then be immersed in 0.5mol/L's
In sulfuric acid, it is placed on 1h under 60 DEG C of isoperibol, then cleaned 3 times with deionized water, finally places proton exchange membrane
60 DEG C of dryings of vacuum oven for 24 hours.
(2) preparation of catalyst pulp: by Pt/C catalyst, deionized water, isopropanol, the Nafion solution of certain mass
It is sufficiently mixed uniformly.Wherein the mass ratio of Pt/C catalyst and nafion are in 2:1.Deionized water: the mass ratio of isopropanol is 5:
3.Wherein the solid content of catalyst pulp is 25%.
In above-described embodiment 2, Pt/C catalyst quality is 1.2g, and the quality of 20% nafion solution is 3g, deionization
The quality of water is 2.17g, isopropanol 0.83g.
Step 2: prepared by membrane electrode, the steps include:
It is used to prepare the processing of the transfer basilar memebrane of CCM, by the smooth polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) basilar memebrane of inactive surfaces with having
The mold of bar shaped carries out impression processing.Indentation shape size, length can be 1000um, and width can be 1um, and depth is
1um。
Catalyst pulp is coated on the transfer basilar memebrane by impression processing, after dry in 60 DEG C of environment, then will
Catalytic Layer is transferred on proton exchange membrane upper and lower surface by high temperature hot pressing, is prepared into CCM, is finally fitted in gas diffusion layers
The upper and lower surface of CCM, is prepared into membrane electrode.By the surface for carrying out the Catalytic Layer that impression processing prepares to transfer basilar memebrane
Electronic Speculum schematic diagram such as Figure 11 shows.
Embodiment 3:
Step 1: the pretreatment of proton exchange membrane and the preparation of catalyst pulp comprising following steps:
(1) proton exchange membrane of 7.1cm*7.1cm size the pretreatment of proton exchange membrane: is immersed in 5% hydrogen peroxide
In solution, it is placed in 70 DEG C of environment after 5h, is then cleaned 3 times with deionized water, then be immersed in 0.5mol/L's
In sulfuric acid, it is placed on 1h under 60 DEG C of isoperibol, then cleaned 3 times with deionized water, finally places proton exchange membrane
60 DEG C of dryings of vacuum oven for 24 hours.
(2) preparation of catalyst pulp: by Pt/C catalyst, deionized water, isopropanol, the Nafion solution of certain mass
It is sufficiently mixed uniformly.Wherein the mass ratio of Pt/C catalyst and nafion are in 2:1.Deionized water: the mass ratio of isopropanol is 5:
3.Wherein the solid content of catalyst pulp is 25%.
In above-described embodiment 3, Pt/C catalyst quality is 1.2g, and the quality of 20% nafion solution is 3g, deionization
The quality of water is 2.17g, isopropanol 0.83g.
Step 2: prepared by membrane electrode, the steps include:
It is used to prepare the processing of the transfer basilar memebrane of CCM, by the smooth polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) basilar memebrane of inactive surfaces with having
The mold of grid-shaped carries out impression processing.Indentation shape size, length can be 1000um, and width can be 2um, depth
For 1um.
Catalyst pulp is coated on the transfer basilar memebrane by impression processing, after dry in 60 DEG C of environment, then will
Catalytic Layer is transferred on proton exchange membrane upper and lower surface by high temperature hot pressing, is prepared into CCM, is finally fitted in gas diffusion layers
The upper and lower surface of CCM, is prepared into membrane electrode.By the surface for carrying out the Catalytic Layer that impression processing prepares to transfer basilar memebrane
Electronic Speculum schematic diagram such as Figure 12 shows.
Comparative example:
Step 1: the processing of proton exchange membrane and the preparation of catalyst pulp comprising following steps:
(1) proton exchange membrane of 7.1cm*7.1cm size the pretreatment of proton exchange membrane: is immersed in 5% hydrogen peroxide
In solution, it is placed in 70 DEG C of environment after 5h, is then cleaned 3 times with deionized water, then be immersed in 0.5mol/L's
In sulfuric acid, it is placed on 1h under 60 DEG C of isoperibol, then cleaned 3 times with deionized water, finally places proton exchange membrane
60 DEG C of dryings of vacuum oven for 24 hours.
(2) preparation of catalyst pulp: by Pt/C catalyst, deionized water, isopropanol, the Nafion solution of certain mass
It is sufficiently mixed uniformly.Wherein the mass ratio of Pt/C catalyst and nafion are in 2:1.Deionized water: the mass ratio of isopropanol is 5:
3.Wherein the solid content of catalyst pulp is 25%.
In above-mentioned comparative example, Pt/C catalyst quality is 1.2g, and the quality of 20% nafion solution is 3g, deionized water
Quality be 2.17g, isopropanol 0.83g.
Step 2: prepared by membrane electrode, the steps include:
Catalyst pulp is coated on the smooth PTFE basilar memebrane in surface, after dry in 60 DEG C of environment, then will catalysis
Layer is transferred on proton exchange membrane upper and lower surface by high temperature hot pressing, is prepared into CCM, gas diffusion layers are finally fitted in CCM
Upper and lower surface, be prepared into membrane electrode.By the surface for not carrying out the Catalytic Layer that impression processing prepares to transfer basilar memebrane
Electronic Speculum schematic diagram is as shown in figure 13.
The membrane electrode of embodiment 1 to embodiment 3, comparative example is assembled into fuel cell respectively and is tested for the property, pole
It is as shown in figure 14 to change curve test；In the case where current density is 1000 milliamps per square centimeter, ac impedance measurement is as shown in figure 15,
Test condition is: temperature 70 C, humidity 100%, and the flow of hydrogen and air follows metering than being 1.3/2.0, the back at hydrogen end
Press 0.2MPa, the back pressure 0.2MPa of air end.
From the embodiment 1 of Figure 10 to the embodiment 3 of Figure 12, can be seen that with the comparative example of Figure 13 by transfer substrate
Film carries out impression processing, and the surface of the Catalytic Layer of preparation has specific 3 D stereo micro-structure.As seen from Figure 14: in phase
With under current density, the voltage of the embodiment of the present invention 1 to embodiment 3 is greater than the voltage of comparative example and power density is higher than pair
The power density of ratio, while maximum power density of the embodiment 1 into embodiment 3 will be much higher than comparative example, illustrate this hair
The performance of the fuel cell of the performance test ratio of fuel cell of the bright embodiment 1 to embodiment 3 is good.As seen from Figure 15:
The embodiment of the present invention 1 to embodiment 3 membrane electrode Charge-transfer resistance and mass transfer resistance will be less than comparative example charge
Transfger impedance and mass transfer resistance, illustrate the catalysis of embodiment 1 serpentine configuration, strip structure, grid-shaped structure into embodiment 3
Layer can not only increase the specific surface area of Catalytic Layer, can be improved the utilization rate of catalyst, and be conducive to the water of fuel cell
Exclusion, can be improved the permeability of gas.
Generally speaking, the 3 D stereo micro-structure of the catalysis layer surface of the embodiment of the present invention can be conducive to water management, greatly
The big performance for improving fuel cell, while the utilization efficiency of catalyst is improved, the dosage of catalyst can be reduced, so as to reality
Now reduce the cost of fuel cell.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all to utilize this hair
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by bright specification and accompanying drawing content is applied directly or indirectly in other relevant skills
Art field, is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of catalyst coat film characterized by comprising
Proton exchange membrane；
Catalytic Layer, is formed in the opposite two sides of the proton exchange membrane, and the surface of the Catalytic Layer has 3 D stereo micro-structure.
2. catalyst coat film according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the surface of the Catalytic Layer has runner；Institute
The shape for stating runner includes at least one of bar shaped, circular ring shape, grid-shaped, snakelike, mountain peak shape；The length range of the runner
It is 1-1000um；The width range of the runner is 1-1000um；The depth bounds of the runner are 0.1-10um.
3. catalyst coat film according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the Catalytic Layer is prepared by transfer printing
's；Transferring basilar memebrane has impression of different shapes；Indentation shape include bar shaped, circular ring shape, grid-shaped, in snakelike, mountain peak shape
At least one；The length range of the impression is 1-1000um；The width range of the impression is 1-1000um；The impression
Depth bounds be 0.1-10um.
4. a kind of fuel cell, which is characterized in that the fuel cell includes membrane electrode, and the membrane electrode includes such as claim
The described in any item catalyst coat films of 1-3.
5. a kind of preparation method of catalyst coat film characterized by comprising
Proton exchange membrane is provided；
The Catalytic Layer that surface has 3 D stereo micro-structure is formed in the opposite two sides of the proton exchange membrane.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the surface of the Catalytic Layer has runner；The runner
Shape includes at least one of bar shaped, circular ring shape, grid-shaped, snakelike, mountain peak shape；The length range of the runner is 1-
1000um；The width range of the runner is 1-1000um；The depth bounds of the runner are 0.1-10um.
7. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the offer proton exchange membrane, comprising:
It is utilized respectively hydrogenperoxide steam generator and sulfuric acid solution pre-processes proton exchange membrane, obtain pretreated proton and hand over
Change film；
Wherein, the two sides opposite in the proton exchange membrane form the Catalytic Layer that surface has 3 D stereo micro-structure, packet
It includes:
The Catalytic Layer that surface has 3 D stereo micro-structure is formed in the opposite two sides of the proton exchange membrane using transfer printing.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that described opposite in the proton exchange membrane using transfer printing
Two sides form the Catalytic Layer that surface has 3 D stereo micro-structure, comprising:
The transfer basilar memebrane for having impression of different shapes is provided, catalyst pulp is provided；
The catalyst pulp is coated on the transfer basilar memebrane with impression of different shapes and forms Catalytic Layer；
The Catalytic Layer is transferred on the two sides up and down of the proton exchange membrane, the catalyst coat film is formed.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that, described provide the transfer substrate with impression of different shapes
Film, comprising:
Impression processing is carried out to transfer basilar memebrane using with mold of different shapes, is obtained described with impression of different shapes
Transfer basilar memebrane；
Wherein, indentation shape includes at least one of bar shaped, circular ring shape, grid-shaped, snakelike, mountain peak shape；The length of the impression
Spending range is 1-1000um；The width range of the impression is 1-1000um；The depth bounds of the impression are 0.1-10um；
Wherein, the offer catalyst pulp, comprising:
Catalyst, solvent and perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymer solution are uniformly mixed, the catalyst pulp is obtained；
Wherein, the catalyst includes pallium-on-carbon；The solvent includes water and isopropanol；The pallium-on-carbon polymerize with perfluorinated sulfonic acid
Amount of substance is (1-5) than range: (3-1)；The water and the isopropanol quality are (1-10) than range: (10-1)；It is described to urge
The solids content limits of agent slurry are 10-30%；
Wherein, it is formed and is urged on the transfer basilar memebrane by the catalyst pulp coated in described in impression of different shapes
Change layer, comprising:
The catalyst pulp is coated on the transfer basilar memebrane with impression of different shapes, in the first predetermined temperature
Catalytic Layer is formed after drying in the environment of range；First predetermined temperature range is 60-80 DEG C.
10. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that described opposite in the proton exchange membrane using transfer printing
Two sides formed surface have 3 D stereo micro-structure Catalytic Layer, comprising:
Transfer basilar memebrane is provided, catalyst pulp is provided；
The catalyst pulp is coated on the transfer basilar memebrane and forms Catalytic Layer；
The Catalytic Layer is transferred on the two sides up and down of the proton exchange membrane, urging without 3 D stereo micro-structure is formed
Agent coating film；
Utilize the urging to the catalyst coat film without 3 D stereo micro-structure of the counterdie with 3 D stereo micro-structure
The surface for changing layer carries out impression processing, forms the catalyst coat film.
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| CN201910802272.6A CN110444791A (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2019-08-28 | Catalyst coat film, fuel cell and preparation method |
| CN202010046138.0A CN111063925B (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2020-01-16 | Catalyst coated membrane, fuel cell and method of making |
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| CN113681782A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-11-23 | 华南理工大学 | Three-dimensional graph surface proton exchange membrane for fuel cell and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114824299A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-29 | 华东理工大学 | CCM membrane electrode and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114824300A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-29 | 江苏昊氢世纪新能源有限公司 | Membrane electrode with gradient-structure catalyst layer for fuel cell and preparation method thereof |
| WO2022170717A1 (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2022-08-18 | 华东理工大学 | Ccm membrane electrode, preparation method therefor and use thereof |
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| US7862956B2 (en) * | 2004-12-29 | 2011-01-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Z-axis electrically conducting flow field separator |
| JP4550798B2 (en) * | 2006-12-25 | 2010-09-22 | シャープ株式会社 | Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell and method for producing the same |
| EP2798690A1 (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2014-11-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Electrochemical cell electrode |
| KR20150135384A (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2015-12-02 | 도판 인사츠 가부시키가이샤 | Substrate film for catalyst transfer film and method for producing same, method for producing catalyst transfer film, and electrolyte membrane with catalyst layer |
| CN103515622B (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2016-02-10 | 清华大学 | For the membrane electrode and preparation method thereof of fuel cell |
| CN104979567B (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2017-03-29 | 南京大学昆山创新研究院 | A kind of preparation method of membrane electrode of fuel batter with proton exchange film |
| CN108075158B (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2020-10-02 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Method for preparing CCM membrane electrode of fuel cell |
| CN106784943B (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2019-05-14 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of membrane electrode of fuel batter with proton exchange film of high power density and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109103472B (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2021-06-22 | 武汉理工新能源有限公司 | High oxygen transmission fuel cell catalyst layer, membrane electrode assembly and fuel cell |
| CN109148900A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2019-01-04 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | A kind of membrane electrode and preparation method improving carbon-based fuel cell catalytic activity |
| CN109638298A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-16 | 清华大学 | A kind of structure-integrated method for preparing membrane electrode of 3D |
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