CN110441646A - A kind of GIL conducting rod connection evaluation system and method based on resistive potential difference ratio - Google Patents
A kind of GIL conducting rod connection evaluation system and method based on resistive potential difference ratio Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于阻性电位差比的GIL导电杆连接评价系统及方法，系统包括GIL导电杆试样，GIL导电杆试样包括通过触头串联的有连接段GIL导电杆和无连接段GIL导电杆，有连接段GIL导电杆的电流端依次连接电流互感器、电流源和无连接段GIL导电杆的电流端，GIL导电杆还连接有电位差测试回路，本发明根据GIL导电杆连接段触头接触不良会引起沿导电杆轴向上阻抗的变化，必然导致连接段电位差的变化，采用GIL导电杆无连接段作为基准替代标准交流阻抗，以有连接段和无连接段表面阻性电位差比作为评价参数，实现GIL导杆连接质量(状态)的评价。该方法具有不受测试环境温度的影响和抗干扰能力强等优点。
The invention discloses a GIL conductive rod connection evaluation system and method based on resistive potential difference ratio. Section GIL conductive rod, the current end of the connecting segment GIL conductive rod is connected to the current transformer, the current source and the current end of the non-connecting GIL conductive rod in turn, and the GIL conductive rod is also connected with a potential difference test circuit. The present invention is based on the GIL conductive rod The poor contact of the contact in the connecting section will cause the change of the impedance along the axis of the conductive rod, which will inevitably lead to the change of the potential difference of the connecting section. The unconnected section of the GIL conductive rod is used as the reference to replace the standard AC impedance, and the surface of the connected section and the non-connected section The resistive potential difference ratio is used as an evaluation parameter to realize the evaluation of the connection quality (state) of the GIL guide rod. This method has the advantages of not being affected by the temperature of the testing environment and having strong anti-interference ability.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于导电杆质量评价领域，具体涉及一种基于阻性电位差比的GIL导电杆连接评价系统及方法。The invention belongs to the field of quality evaluation of conductive rods, and in particular relates to a GIL conductive rod connection evaluation system and method based on resistive potential difference ratio.
背景技术：Background technique:
气体绝缘输电线路(gas-insulated transmission lines，GIL)是采用金属外壳封闭导电杆、压缩气体(如SF6、SF6/N2混合气体等)绝缘、外壳与导电杆同轴布置的电能传输设备，具有传输容量大、单位损耗低、受环境影响小、运行可靠性高、占地少等优点，随着电力工业的发展，人们对GIL设备的发展日趋重视。Gas-insulated transmission lines (GIL) are power transmission equipment that use a metal shell to close the conductive rod, compress gas (such as SF 6 , SF 6 /N 2 mixed gas, etc.) to insulate, and arrange the shell and the conductive rod coaxially. , has the advantages of large transmission capacity, low unit loss, less environmental impact, high operational reliability, and less land occupation. With the development of the power industry, people pay more and more attention to the development of GIL equipment.
GIL导电杆采用滑动触头插接方式联接，中间触头通过内部锁扣插接，触头结构允许一定的轴向伸缩和角度偏转。在电气工程领域，传统GIL导电杆连接质量评价是以直流电阻为依据，直流电阻的测试电流小，且沿GIL导电杆截面均匀流过，而正常工作时GIL导电杆的电流为交流，电流幅值大，由于集肤效应的影响在GIL导电杆截面和连接处电流分布不均匀，同时导电杆连接的触头锁紧位置、力度和触头与锁扣之间的温度等因素都将导致接触电阻的变化。因此，直流电阻不能全面反映GIL导电杆连接质量，需要建立全面反映GIL导电杆连接质量评价的新方法。The GIL conductive rod is connected by sliding contact plug-in, and the middle contact is plug-in through the internal lock. The contact structure allows certain axial expansion and angular deflection. In the field of electrical engineering, the connection quality evaluation of traditional GIL conductive rods is based on DC resistance. If the value is large, due to the influence of the skin effect, the current distribution in the cross section and connection of the GIL conductive rod is uneven, and at the same time, factors such as the locking position, force, and temperature between the contact and the buckle of the conductive rod will cause contact change in resistance. Therefore, the DC resistance cannot fully reflect the connection quality of GIL conductive rods, and it is necessary to establish a new method to fully reflect the evaluation of the connection quality of GIL conductive rods.
比较法是大截面导体电阻测试普遍采用的方法，该方法是通过标准电阻标定被测电阻，而在交流大电流测试条件下没有合适的标准电阻(阻抗)，主要是因为标准电阻(阻抗)自身发热，以及测试条件和环境温度等影响电阻的精度。本发明提出了一种基于阻性电位差比的GIL导电杆连接质量评价的新方法，解决了交流等效电阻在大电流测试条件下没有合适的标准电阻(阻抗)面临的技术难题，并克服测试温度的影响，实现了GIL导电杆连接质量的准确评价。The comparison method is a commonly used method for large cross-section conductor resistance testing. This method is to calibrate the measured resistance through standard resistance, but there is no suitable standard resistance (impedance) under the condition of AC high current test, mainly because the standard resistance (impedance) itself Heat generation, as well as test conditions and ambient temperature, etc. affect the accuracy of the resistor. The invention proposes a new method for evaluating the connection quality of GIL conductive rods based on the resistive potential difference ratio, which solves the technical problem that the AC equivalent resistance does not have a suitable standard resistance (impedance) under high current test conditions, and overcomes the The influence of the test temperature has realized the accurate evaluation of the connection quality of the GIL conductive rod.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于阻性电位差比的GIL导电杆连接评价系统及方法，以解决现有技术中导致的交流等效电阻在大电流测试条件下没有合适的标准电阻的缺陷。The object of the present invention is to provide a GIL conductive rod connection evaluation system and method based on the resistive potential difference ratio to solve the defect in the prior art that the AC equivalent resistance does not have a suitable standard resistance under high current test conditions.
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:
第一方面，提供了一种基于阻性电位差比的GIL导电杆连接评价系统，所述系统包括GIL导电杆试样，所述GIL导电杆试样包括通过触头串联的有连接段GIL导电杆和无连接段GIL导电杆，所述有连接段GIL导电杆的电流端依次连接电流互感器、电流源和无连接段GIL导电杆的电流端，所述GIL导电杆还连接有电位差测试回路，所述测试回路上连接与电流互感器的输出端连接的精密电阻。In the first aspect, a GIL conductive rod connection evaluation system based on the resistive potential difference ratio is provided, the system includes a GIL conductive rod sample, and the GIL conductive rod sample includes a connected section GIL conductive A rod and a GIL conductive rod without a connecting section, the current end of the GIL conductive rod with a connecting section is sequentially connected to a current transformer, a current source and a current end of a GIL conductive rod without a connecting section, and the GIL conductive rod is also connected to a potential difference test A loop, the precision resistor connected to the output end of the current transformer is connected to the test loop.
结合第一方面，进一步的，所述测试回路包括与所述GIL导电杆试样连接的锁相放大器，所述锁相放大器有四个探头，其中一个探头与所述有连接段GIL导电杆连接，其余三个探头均与无连接段GIL导电杆连接。In combination with the first aspect, further, the test circuit includes a lock-in amplifier connected to the GIL conductive rod sample, and the lock-in amplifier has four probes, one of which is connected to the GIL conductive rod with a connecting section , and the remaining three probes are all connected to the GIL conductive rod with no connection section.
结合第一方面，进一步的，所述探头的电位端与电流端的间距大于3倍的所述GIL导电杆试样的直径。In combination with the first aspect, further, the distance between the potential end and the current end of the probe is greater than 3 times the diameter of the GIL conductive rod sample.
结合第一方面，进一步的，所述GIL导电杆试样的外侧套接有与温控箱连接的柔性电加热套。With reference to the first aspect, further, the outer side of the GIL conductive rod sample is sleeved with a flexible electric heating jacket connected to the temperature control box.
第二方面，提供了一种基于表面阻性电位差比的GIL导电杆连接质量评价方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：In a second aspect, a method for evaluating the connection quality of GIL conductive rods based on the surface resistive potential difference ratio is provided, and the method includes the following steps:
将有连接段GIL导电杆的电路等效为电感Lx和电阻Rx串联的电路1；The circuit with the connecting section GIL conductive rod is equivalent to a circuit 1 in which the inductance L x and the resistance R x are connected in series;
将无连接段GIL导电杆的电路等效为电感Ls和电阻Rs串联的电路2；The circuit of the conductive rod without connecting section GIL is equivalent to the circuit 2 in which the inductance L s and the resistance R s are connected in series;
将电路1和电路2串联后测量电路中的电性参数；After connecting circuit 1 and circuit 2 in series, measure the electrical parameters in the circuit;
根据电性参数计算得到表面阻性电位差的比。The ratio of the surface resistive potential difference is calculated according to the electrical parameters.
结合第二方面，进一步的，所述电性参数包括：In conjunction with the second aspect, further, the electrical parameters include:
流过GIL导电杆的电流等效电感LX和等效电阻RX上的电压和等效电感Ls和等效电阻Rs上的电压和其中与电流同方向为阻性电压，将超前电流90°为感性电压，和互为正交；与电流同方向为阻性电压，超前电流90°为感性电压，和互为正交。The current flowing through the GIL conductive rod Voltage across equivalent inductance L X and equivalent resistance R X and The voltage across the equivalent inductance L s and equivalent resistance R s and in with current The same direction is resistive voltage, The leading current 90° is the inductive voltage, and are orthogonal to each other; with current The same direction is resistive voltage, The 90° leading current is the inductive voltage, and are orthogonal to each other.
结合第二方面，进一步的，所述表面阻性电位差的比的计算方法包括如下步骤：In combination with the second aspect, further, the calculation method of the ratio of the surface resistive potential difference includes the following steps:
由电性参数得出以下公式：The following formula is derived from the electrical parameters:
由上述式子可得：It can be obtained from the above formula:
式中：为连接段与无连接段GIL导电杆电位差的比；In the formula: is the ratio of the potential difference between the connecting section and the non-connecting section GIL conductive rod;
为连接段GIL导电杆等效电阻上电压的模； is the modulus of the voltage on the equivalent resistance of the connecting section GIL conductive rod;
为无连接段GIL导电杆等效电阻上电压的模； is the modulus of the voltage on the equivalent resistance of the unconnected GIL conductive rod;
K为表面阻性电位差的比；j为虚部单位；ω为角频率。K is the ratio of the surface resistive potential difference; j is the imaginary part unit; ω is the angular frequency.
本发明的优点在于：该系统及方法：The advantages of the present invention are: the system and method:
1.避免了直流电阻测试电流条件与实际工作状态不符，充分考虑了集肤效应、温度等因素对电阻的影响，所得的参数及其特性将真实反映GIL导电杆的连接状态；1. It avoids the discrepancy between the current conditions of the DC resistance test and the actual working state, fully considers the influence of factors such as skin effect and temperature on the resistance, and the obtained parameters and characteristics will truly reflect the connection status of the GIL conductive rod;
2.该评价方法采用GIL导电杆无连接段作为基准替代标准交流阻抗，以有连接段和无连接段表面阻性电位差比作为评价参数，消除了电源的精度、交流干扰和直流干扰等测试条件的影响，实现了GIL导电杆连接质量的准确评价；2. This evaluation method uses the unconnected section of the GIL conductive rod as the benchmark to replace the standard AC impedance, and uses the ratio of the surface resistive potential difference between the connected section and the unconnected section as the evaluation parameter, eliminating the accuracy of the power supply, AC interference and DC interference. Influenced by conditions, the accurate evaluation of the connection quality of GIL conductive rods is realized;
3.通过对GIL导电杆表面阻性电位差比及其频率和温度特性测试，建立GIL导电杆连接质量的评价标准，同时也能够反映不同温度、不同频率、不同电流下GIL导电杆的连接状态。3. By testing the resistive potential difference ratio on the surface of the GIL conductive rod and its frequency and temperature characteristics, the evaluation standard for the connection quality of the GIL conductive rod is established, and it can also reflect the connection status of the GIL conductive rod under different temperatures, different frequencies, and different currents .
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明中GIL导电杆表面阻性电位差比的测量原理示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the measurement principle of the resistive potential difference ratio on the surface of a GIL conductive rod in the present invention.
图2为本发明中GIL导电杆的等效电路示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of a GIL conductive rod in the present invention.
图3为本发明中GIL导电杆的等效向量示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent vector of a GIL conductive rod in the present invention.
图4为本发明中GIL导电杆表面阻性电位差比的温度特性测量示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of measuring the temperature characteristic of the resistive potential difference ratio on the surface of the GIL conductive rod in the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
如图1至图4所示，一种基于阻性电位差比的GIL导电杆连接评价系统，所述系统包括GIL导电杆试样，所述GIL导电杆试样包括通过触头串联的有连接段GIL导电杆和无连接段GIL导电杆，所述有连接段GIL导电杆的电流端依次连接电流互感器、电流源和无连接段GIL导电杆的电流端，所述GIL导电杆还连接有电位差测试回路，所述测试回路上连接与电流互感器的输出端连接的精密电阻。As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a GIL conductive rod connection evaluation system based on the resistive potential difference ratio, the system includes a GIL conductive rod sample, and the GIL conductive rod sample includes a connection connected in series through contacts Section GIL conductive rod and non-connecting segment GIL conductive rod, the current end of the connected GIL conductive rod is connected to the current transformer, the current source and the current end of the unconnected GIL conductive rod in turn, and the GIL conductive rod is also connected with A potential difference test loop, the precision resistor connected to the output end of the current transformer is connected to the test loop.
图1中，为电流源输出电流；为精密电阻上的电压；分别为连接段和无连接段GIL导电杆的表面电位差。In Figure 1, output current for the current source; is the voltage on the precision resistor; are the surface potential differences of the connected section and the non-connected section of the GIL conductive rod, respectively.
图2中，分别为连接段和无连接段GIL导电杆的表面电位差；LX、RX为连接段GIL导电杆的等效电感和等效电阻；分别为等效电感LX和等效电阻RX上的电压；Ls、Rs为无连接段GIL导电杆的等效电感和等效电阻；分别为等效电感Ls和等效电阻Rs上的电压；为流过GIL导电杆的电流。In Figure 2, Respectively, the surface potential difference of the connecting section and the non-connecting section GIL conductive rod; L X , R X are the equivalent inductance and equivalent resistance of the connecting section GIL conductive rod; are the voltages on the equivalent inductance L X and the equivalent resistance R X respectively; L s and R s are the equivalent inductance and equivalent resistance of the GIL conductive rod without connecting section; are the voltages on the equivalent inductance L s and the equivalent resistance R s respectively; is the current flowing through the GIL conductive rod.
图3中，分别为连接段和无连接段GIL导电杆的表面电位差；分别为等效电感LX和等效电阻RX上的电压；分别为等效电感Ls和等效电阻Rs上的电压；为流过GIL导电杆的电流。In Figure 3, Respectively, the surface potential difference of the connected section and the non-connected section of the GIL conductive rod; are the voltages on the equivalent inductance L X and the equivalent resistance R X respectively; are the voltages on the equivalent inductance L s and the equivalent resistance R s respectively; is the current flowing through the GIL conductive rod.
图4中，分别为连接段和无连接段GIL导电杆的表面电位差；为精密电阻上的电压；为流过GIL导电杆的电流。Figure 4, Respectively, the surface potential difference of the connected section and the non-connected section of the GIL conductive rod; is the voltage on the precision resistor; is the current flowing through the GIL conductive rod.
在本实施例中，所述测试回路包括与所述GIL导电杆试样连接的锁相放大器，所述锁相放大器有四个探头，其中一个探头与所述有连接段GIL导电杆连接，其余三个探头均与无连接段GIL导电杆连接。In this embodiment, the test loop includes a lock-in amplifier connected to the GIL conductive rod sample, and the lock-in amplifier has four probes, one of which is connected to the GIL conductive rod with a connecting section, and the rest All three probes are connected to the GIL conductive rod without connecting section.
在本实施例中，所述探头的电位端与电流端的间距大于3倍的所述GIL导电杆试样的直径。In this embodiment, the distance between the potential end and the current end of the probe is greater than 3 times the diameter of the GIL conductive rod sample.
在本实施例中，所述有连接段GIL导电杆的电流端和无连接段GIL导电杆的电流端均设有夹具。In this embodiment, the current end of the conductive rod with the connecting section GIL and the current end of the conductive rod without the connecting section GIL are both provided with clamps.
在本实施例中，所述电流源为幅值和频率均可调的可调节电流源。In this embodiment, the current source is an adjustable current source with adjustable amplitude and frequency.
在本实施例中，所述GIL导电杆试样的外侧套接有与温控箱连接的柔性电加热套。In this embodiment, the outer side of the GIL conductive rod sample is sleeved with a flexible electric heating jacket connected to a temperature control box.
一种基于表面阻性电位差比的GIL导电杆连接质量评价方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：A method for evaluating the connection quality of GIL conductive rods based on surface resistive potential difference ratio, said method comprising the steps of:
将有连接段GIL导电杆的电路等效为电感Lx和电阻Rx串联的电路1；The circuit with the connecting section GIL conductive rod is equivalent to a circuit 1 in which the inductance L x and the resistance R x are connected in series;
将无连接段GIL导电杆的电路等效为电感Ls和电阻Rs串联的电路2；The circuit of the conductive rod without connecting section GIL is equivalent to the circuit 2 in which the inductance L s and the resistance R s are connected in series;
将电路1和电路2串联后测量电路中的电性参数；After connecting circuit 1 and circuit 2 in series, measure the electrical parameters in the circuit;
根据电性参数计算得到表面阻性电位差的比。The ratio of the surface resistive potential difference is calculated according to the electrical parameters.
在本实施例中，所述电性参数包括：In this embodiment, the electrical parameters include:
流过GIL导电杆的电流等效电感LX和等效电阻RX上的电压和等效电感Ls和等效电阻Rs上的电压和其中与电流同方向为阻性电压，将超前电流90°为感性电压，和互为正交；与电流同方向为阻性电压，超前电流90°为感性电压，和互为正交。The current flowing through the GIL conductive rod Voltage across equivalent inductance L X and equivalent resistance R X and The voltage across the equivalent inductance L s and equivalent resistance R s and in with current The same direction is resistive voltage, The leading current 90° is the inductive voltage, and are orthogonal to each other; with current The same direction is resistive voltage, The 90° leading current is the inductive voltage, and are orthogonal to each other.
在本实施例中，所述表面阻性电位差的比的计算方法包括如下步骤：In this embodiment, the calculation method of the ratio of the surface resistive potential difference includes the following steps:
由电性参数得出以下公式：The following formula is derived from the electrical parameters:
由上述式子可得：It can be obtained from the above formula:
式中：为连接段与无连接段GIL导电杆电位差的比；In the formula: is the ratio of the potential difference between the connecting section and the non-connecting section GIL conductive rod;
为连接段GIL导电杆等效电阻上电压的模； is the modulus of the voltage on the equivalent resistance of the connecting section GIL conductive rod;
为无连接段GIL导电杆等效电阻上电压的模； is the modulus of the voltage on the equivalent resistance of the unconnected GIL conductive rod;
K为表面阻性电位差的比，表面阻性电位差比K实际为连接段与无连接段GIL导电杆等效电阻上电压模的比，反映的是连接段与无连接段GIL导电杆等效电阻的比值关系。显然，参数K的测量结果与施加的交流电流大小无关，电源的精度将不会对测量准确度产生影响。由于连接段和无连接段GIL导电杆串接，所处的测试条件一致，环境温度对测试结果没有影响。K is the ratio of the surface resistive potential difference, and the surface resistive potential difference ratio K is actually the ratio of the voltage modulus on the equivalent resistance of the connected section and the unconnected GIL conductive rod, reflecting the connected section and the unconnected GIL conductive rod, etc. The ratio relationship of effective resistance. Obviously, the measurement of parameter K is related to the applied AC current Regardless of size, the accuracy of the power supply will have no effect on measurement accuracy. Since the connecting section and the non-connecting section GIL conductive rods are connected in series, the test conditions are the same, and the ambient temperature has no effect on the test results.
上述测试原理中，四端钮探头的电位端与电流端间距要大于3倍的GIL导电杆的直径，目的是为了消除电流端夹具与导电杆连接部电流分布不均匀对测试结果的影响。In the above test principle, the distance between the potential end and the current end of the four-terminal button probe should be greater than 3 times the diameter of the GIL conductive rod. The purpose is to eliminate the influence of uneven current distribution at the connection between the current end fixture and the conductive rod on the test results.
基于上述，该系统及方法中，在表面阻性电位差比的基本测量原理中，空间电磁场引起的交流干扰和直流干扰对测量的影响不可忽略，本发明采用锁相放大器与可调电流源等技术可以有效抑制上述干扰。在测量回路中的接触电势、热电势和化学电势等形成直流干扰，以及空间电磁场产生的交流感应电动势都会叠加在被测量电位上，由于被测量电位差很小，如果直接测试电位差叠加的直流和交流干扰会产生非常大的误差，且现有测量方法均无法同时消除。锁相放大器以精密电阻R上的电压信号为参考通过相敏检波技术提取相同频率 电压信号，并分解得到阻性电压和进而实现表面阻性电位差比K的测量，消除了直流干扰的影响；通过改变电流源的频率避开空间电磁场的交流干扰，使其对测试结果不产生影响。Based on the above, in the system and method, in the basic measurement principle of the surface resistive potential difference ratio, the influence of the AC interference and DC interference caused by the space electromagnetic field on the measurement cannot be ignored. The present invention adopts a lock-in amplifier and an adjustable current source, etc. Technology can effectively suppress the above interference. The contact potential, thermoelectric potential, and chemical potential in the measurement circuit form DC interference, and the AC induced electromotive force generated by the space electromagnetic field will be superimposed on the measured potential. Since the measured potential difference is very small, if the direct test potential difference superimposed DC And AC interference will produce a very large error, and the existing measurement methods cannot eliminate it at the same time. The lock-in amplifier uses the voltage signal on the precision resistor R as a reference to extract the same frequency through phase-sensitive detection technology voltage signal, and decompose to get the resistive voltage and Furthermore, the measurement of the surface resistive potential difference ratio K is realized, and the influence of DC interference is eliminated; the AC interference of the space electromagnetic field is avoided by changing the frequency of the current source, so that it does not affect the test results.
为了更加准确考察工作状态下GIL导电杆的连接质量，温度也是GIL导电杆连接质量评价技术中不可忽略的因素。本发明采用柔性电加热套为GIL导电杆试样加热方式实现上述目的，加热方式如附图4所示。In order to more accurately examine the connection quality of GIL conductive rods under working conditions, temperature is also a factor that cannot be ignored in the evaluation technology of GIL conductive rod connection quality. The present invention uses a flexible electric heating jacket as the heating method of the GIL conductive rod sample to achieve the above purpose, and the heating method is shown in Figure 4.
综上所述，本发明根据上述测量原理实现表面阻性电位差比K及其频率和温度特性的测量，建立基于表面阻性电位差比的GIL导电杆连接质量的评价标准，判别GIL导电杆的连接状态。In summary, the present invention realizes the measurement of the surface resistive potential difference ratio K and its frequency and temperature characteristics according to the above measurement principle, establishes an evaluation standard for the connection quality of the GIL conductive rod based on the surface resistive potential difference ratio, and distinguishes the GIL conductive rod connection status.
由技术常识可知，本发明可以通过其它的不脱离其精神实质或必要特征的实施方案来实现。因此，上述公开的实施方案，就各方面而言，都只是举例说明，并不是仅有的。所有在本发明范围内或在等同于本发明的范围内的改变均被本发明包含。It can be known from common technical knowledge that the present invention can be realized through other embodiments without departing from its spirit or essential features. Accordingly, the above-disclosed embodiments are, in all respects, illustrative and not exclusive. All changes within the scope of the present invention or within the scope equivalent to the present invention are embraced by the present invention.
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