CN110441531B - 一种检测血液中降钙素原的试剂盒及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种检测血液中降钙素原的试剂盒及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种检测血液中降钙素原的试剂盒及制备方法,试剂盒包括包被捕获抗体的固相载体、生物素标记的检测抗体、荧光素标记链霉亲和素、洗涤缓冲液等;本发明石英针表面覆有具有生物相容性的多糖复合物,多糖复合物可有效增强特异性的免疫信号,检测信号的放大是通过在多糖复合物表面形成多层荧光素‑链霉亲和素分子层而实现的;本发明在洗涤缓冲液中添加洗涤能力较强的SDS和Triton‑X100,同时提高洗涤液的离子强度,有效控制了分子之间的非特异性相互作用,进而实现检测结果的低背景和高信噪比,提高检测的敏感性和准确性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及体外诊断领域,具体涉及一种检测血液中降钙素原的试剂盒及检测方法。
背景技术
PCT(降钙素原,procalcitonin)是一种蛋白质,来自定位于第11号染色体上(11p15,4)的单拷贝基因,该基因由2800个碱基对组成,含6个外显子和5个内含子。转录后在甲状腺滤泡旁细胞粗面内质网内翻译成降钙素原前体,包括N端84个氨基酸、活性降钙素和降钙蛋白三部分。降钙素原前体在内源多肽酶作用下剪掉nPro-CT端单一序列,生成116氨基酸的PCT,分子量约为13kD,PCT和降钙素具有一个相同的32个氨基酸的序列(60~91位)。
PCT是无激素活性的降钙素前肽物质。在健康人体内含量极少,血液中几乎不能被检测到(<0.1ng/ml)。而在病理状态下,各组织器官几乎都能分泌PCT,其生成过程细菌毒素和炎症细胞因子的多种因素的调节。当严重细菌、真菌、寄生虫感染以及脓毒症和多脏器功能衰竭时它在血浆中的水平升高。自身免疫、过敏和病毒感染时PCT不会升高。局部有限的细菌感染、轻微的感染和慢性炎症不会导致其升高。细菌内毒素在诱导过程中担任了至关重要的作用。
当发生严重细菌感染和脓毒症时,血浆PCT异常升高,2小时即可检测到,6小时急剧上升,8-24小时维持高水平,半衰期为22-29小时。
PCT在体内外稳当性好,不易被降解,PCT的检测不受临床用药的影响,与机体感染的严重程度成正比,PCT浓度的升高不受机体免疫抑制状态的影响,当机体处于严重细菌感染及脓毒症时,即使患者处于免疫抑制状态或无明显临床表现,血浆中PCT浓度都可见明显升高。
检测PCT的实验室方法有很多,常用的有放射免疫学分析法(RIA)、化学发光免疫分析法(CLIA)、胶体金比色法(GICA)和酶联免疫法(ELISA),放射免疫学分析法利用人工合成的多克隆抗体特异地识别和连接合成氨基酸降钙素原。该方法能检测正常人的血清PCT,可靠敏感度为4pm/mL,检测的是游离PCT、结合型PCT和降钙素基因相关肽前体的混合物,而不能区分上述三种物质。该法检测耗时长(19~22h),而且有放射性元素的污染使用受到限制。化学发光免疫分析法(CLIA)是利用化学发光物质经催化剂催化和氧化剂氧化,形成一个激发态的中间体;这种激发态的中间体回到稳定基态时,发出光子,利用发光信号测量仪测量光子数,从而间接测定PCT的浓度。目前市场上有管式和板式两种试剂盒,但此法存在吖啶酯、鲁米诺、异鲁米诺直接标记抗体的发光效率低,标记物不稳定的缺点,而且这种直接标记法属于瞬间发光型,很难保证测试结果的稳定性和重复性,还需要特殊的检测仪器。不便于常规实验室开展。而利用生物素-亲和素系统检测PCT的电化学发光免疫试剂盒,需要配套昂贵的全自动电化学发光检测仪,常规实验室无法开展,而且给患者带来不必要的费用,增加患者负担。采用胶体金技术,包括胶体金标记的抗抗钙素的单克隆抗体和用作包被的抗降钙素多克隆抗体,当标本(血清或血浆)加入标本孔,金标单克隆抗体与标本中的PCT结合,形成金标记的抗原抗体复合物。该复合物在反应膜上移动,与固定在膜上的抗降钙素抗体结合形成更大的复合物。当PCT浓度超过0.5ng/mL,该复合物显示红色,红色的深浅与PCT的浓度成正比,与标准比色板比较即可得出PCT的浓度范围。该法具有快速简便,易观察的特点。但检测结果只能达到半定量的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种检测血液中降钙素原的试剂盒及制备方法,增强了特异性的免疫信号且显著降低了非特异性结合,从而提高检测的敏感性和准确性。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案提供一种检测血液中降钙素原的试剂盒及制备方法,包括包被捕获抗体的固相载体、生物素标记的检测抗体、荧光素标记链霉亲和素、洗涤缓冲液。
优选的,所述固相载体为石英针。
优选的,所述固相载体上涂覆有多糖复合物,多糖复合物为含质量分数0.5~2.5%壳聚糖、0.1~0.5%甘油,0.5~1.5%聚乙二醇1000的去离子水溶液。
优选的,所述洗涤缓冲液为含0.15~0.35M的NaCl、0.05~0.1%vol的曲拉通X-100、3~6g/L的十二烷基肌氨酸钠的PBS缓冲液(0.01M,pH7.4)。
一种检测血液中降钙素原的试剂盒的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)包被捕获抗体的固相载体:将石英针的下端在多糖复合物中浸泡1-3分钟,4℃冷冻干燥,将降钙素原捕获抗体用0.01M的PBS缓冲液稀释到1mg/mL,将干燥后的石英针下端部放置于降钙素原捕获抗体溶液中,24℃反应2小时进行标记,标记结束后用0.1M的PBS缓冲液洗涤3次,再置于封闭液中封闭8-12h,封闭液为含有1%BSA、0.1%酪蛋白、3%蔗糖的Tris-Hcl缓冲液,制得包被捕获抗体的固相载体;
(2)生物素标记的检测抗体:将降钙素原检测抗体用0.01M的PBS缓冲液稀释到1mg/mL,按质量比抗体:生物素=1:3-1:8的比例添加生物素,24℃反应8-12小时进行标记,标记结束后用0.1M的PBS缓冲液透析16-24小时,换液3次,制得生物素标记的检测抗体;
(3)洗涤缓冲液:称量3.58g Na2HPO4·12H2O,0.4g KCl,0.54g KH2PO4,加800mL双蒸水溶解,调节pH值为7.4,定溶至1000mL,制得PBS缓冲液,根据下述浓度计算并称取配制1L洗涤缓冲液所需各原料的量:0.35M的NaCl、0.1%vol的曲拉通X-100、4g/L的十二烷基肌氨酸钠,称量完毕后置于上述制备的PBS缓冲液中溶解,并混合均匀,即得洗涤缓冲液。
本发明具有有益效果:本发明石英针表面覆有具有生物相容性的多糖复合物,多糖复合物可与蛋白质分子形成氢键弱相互作用,减少非特异性吸附,多糖复合物可有效增强特异性的免疫信号,检测信号的放大是通过在多糖复合物表面形成多层荧光素-链霉亲和素分子层而实现的;本发明在洗涤缓冲液中添加洗涤能力较强的SDS和Triton-X100,同时提高洗涤液的离子强度,有效控制了分子之间的非特异性相互作用,进而实现检测结果的低背景和高信噪比,提高检测的敏感性和准确性。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
荧光素标记链霉亲和素购自Solarbio,货号为SF068-0.1ml。
实施例1
一种检测血液中降钙素原的试剂盒,包括包被捕获抗体的石英针、生物素标记的检测抗体、荧光素标记链霉亲和素、洗涤缓冲液。
所述固相载体上涂覆有多糖复合物,多糖复合物为含质量分数0.5~2.5%壳聚糖、0.1~0.5%甘油,0.5~1.5%聚乙二醇1000的去离子水溶液。
所述洗涤缓冲液为含0.15~0.35M的NaCl、0.05~0.1%vol的曲拉通X-100、3~6g/L的十二烷基肌氨酸钠的PBS缓冲液(0.01M,pH7.4)。
实施例2
一种检测血液中降钙素原的试剂盒的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)包被捕获抗体的固相载体:将石英针的下端在多糖复合物中浸泡1-3分钟,4℃冷冻干燥,将降钙素原捕获抗体用0.01M的PBS缓冲液稀释到1mg/mL,将干燥后的石英针下端部放置于降钙素原捕获抗体溶液中,24℃反应2小时进行标记,标记结束后用0.1M的PBS缓冲液洗涤3次,再置于封闭液中封闭8-12h,封闭液为含有1%BSA、0.1%酪蛋白、3%蔗糖的Tris-Hcl缓冲液,制得包被捕获抗体的固相载体;
(2)生物素标记的检测抗体:将降钙素原检测抗体用0.01M的PBS缓冲液稀释到1mg/mL,按质量比抗体:生物素=1:3-1:8的比例添加生物素,24℃反应8-12小时进行标记,标记结束后用0.1M的PBS缓冲液透析16-24小时,换液3次,制得生物素标记的检测抗体;
(3)洗涤缓冲液:称量3.58g Na2HPO4·12H2O,0.4g KCl,0.54g KH2PO4,加800mL双蒸水溶解,调节pH值为7.4,定溶至1000mL,制得PBS缓冲液,根据下述浓度计算并称取配制1L洗涤缓冲液所需各原料的量:0.35M的NaCl、0.1%vol的曲拉通X-100、4g/L的十二烷基肌氨酸钠,称量完毕后置于上述制备的PBS缓冲液中溶解并混合均匀,即得洗涤缓冲液。
实施例3
试剂盒的使用方法:将包被捕获抗体的固相载体放入样本中,10-60s后取出用洗涤缓冲液清洗3-5次,清洗后放入生物素标记的检测抗体中,10-60s后取出用洗涤缓冲液清洗3-5次,清洗后放入荧光素标记链霉亲和素中10-60s后取出用洗涤缓冲液清洗3-5次,即可采用荧光分析检测仪检测。
本发明样本中的目标抗原首先与固相载体表面的捕获抗体结合,该固相载体随后依次浸入含有生物素标记的检测抗体中以及荧光素标记链霉亲和素中进行结合反应,固相载体表面涂敷了具有生物相容性的多糖复合物,可有效抵抗非特异性结合,信号的放大是通过在惰性的多糖基质表面形成层层叠叠的Cy5-SA分子层而实现的。这种循环标记反应可不断重复而进一步放大信号。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (2)
1.一种检测血液中降钙素原的试剂盒,其特征在于,包括包被捕获抗体的固相载体、生物素标记的检测抗体、荧光素标记链霉亲和素、洗涤缓冲液;
所述固相载体为石英针;
所述固相载体上涂覆有多糖复合物,多糖复合物为含质量分数0.5~2.5%壳聚糖、0.1~0.5%甘油,0.5~1.5%聚乙二醇1000的去离子水溶液;
所述洗涤缓冲液为含0.15~0.35M的NaCl、0.05~0.1%vol的曲拉通X-100、3~6g/L的十二烷基肌氨酸钠的PBS缓冲液,所述PBS缓冲液浓度为0.01M,pH为7.4。
2.一种检测血液中降钙素原的试剂盒的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)包被捕获抗体的固相载体:将石英针的下端在多糖复合物中浸泡1-3分钟,4℃冷冻干燥,将降钙素原捕获抗体用0.01M的PBS缓冲液稀释到1mg/mL,将干燥后的石英针下端部放置于降钙素原捕获抗体溶液中,24℃反应2小时进行标记,标记结束后用0.1M的PBS缓冲液洗涤3次,再置于封闭液中封闭8-12h,封闭液为含有1%BSA、0.1%酪蛋白、3%蔗糖的Tris-Hcl缓冲液,制得包被捕获抗体的固相载体;
(2)生物素标记的检测抗体:将降钙素原检测抗体用0.01M的PBS缓冲液稀释到1mg/mL,按质量比抗体:生物素=1:3-1:8的比例添加生物素,24℃反应8-12小时进行标记,标记结束后用0.1M的PBS缓冲液透析16-24小时,换液3次,制得生物素标记的检测抗体;
(3)洗涤缓冲液:称量3.58g Na2HPO4·12H2O,0.4g KCl,0.54g KH2PO4,加800mL双蒸水溶解,调节pH值为7.4,定溶至1000mL,制得PBS缓冲液,根据下述浓度计算并称取配制1L洗涤缓冲液所需各原料的量:0.35M的NaCl、0.1%vol的曲拉通X-100、4g/L的十二烷基肌氨酸钠,称量完毕后置于上述制备的PBS缓冲液中溶解,并混合均匀,即得洗涤缓冲液。
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