CN110439549A - A kind of tilting soil sampling method - Google Patents

Abstract

According to a kind of inclined soil sampling method of the present invention, comprise the following steps: the first step, corresponding to the range of special target, divide the grid to the plane of special target, set the quantity of the grid that needs to be set; Second step, Set the monitoring point at the center of the grid; the third step is to set the sampling point corresponding to the target formation directly below the monitoring point; the fourth step is to set the number of inclined sampling wells and the number of drilling points; the fifth step , from the drilling point to the sampling point to carry out the operation of the inclined sampling well; the sixth step is to install the soil sampler for soil sampling; the seventh step is to obtain the sampled soil of the target formation. The tilting soil sampling method of the present invention solves the current technical problem of only vertical sampling, and realizes the underground tilting soil sampling, so that it can be used in various landfills, buildings, structures, lakes, rivers, relics, important facilities, etc. Soil sampling at different locations on the bottom becomes a reality.

Description

A tilting soil sampling method

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, and in particular relates to an inclined soil sampling method.

Background technique

At present, the sampling method of soil in polluted sites is all by borehole sampling. Boreholes are generally drilled or pushed into a certain depth by a sampling rig on the site vertically to the ground, and then the soil column is raised, and a certain soil sample is taken at a predetermined depth of the soil column. In this method, the sampling area penetrating into the ground is perpendicular to the ground. But in many cases, it is necessary to know the soil environment conditions at the bottom of some special objects such as buildings, structures, landfills, rivers or lakes, historic site protection areas, important facilities, etc., and it is impossible or impossible to drill from the upper part of these objects or areas sampling. For this situation, there is still a lack of technology and equipment for deep sampling of the bottom, resulting in the inability to accurately determine the environmental status of the bottom, which is an important technical problem for environmental investigations.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes an inclined soil sampling method, which solves the technical problem of only vertical sampling at present, and realizes underground inclined soil sampling, so that it can be used in various landfills, buildings, structures, lakes, etc. Soil sampling at different positions at the bottom of rivers, relics, important facilities, etc. has become a reality.

The present invention proposes an inclined soil sampling method, which has such characteristics and includes the following steps: the first step is to divide the plane of the special target into grids corresponding to the range of the special target, and set the number of grids to be set ; The second step is to set the monitoring point at the center of the grid; the third step is to set the sampling point corresponding to the target formation directly below the monitoring point; the fourth step is to set the number of inclined sampling wells and the number of drilling points Quantity; the fifth step is to carry out the operation of the inclined sampling well from the drilling point to the sampling point; the sixth step is to install the soil sampler for soil sampling; the seventh step is to raise the soil sampler to obtain the sampled soil of the target formation.

In the inclined soil sampling method provided by the present invention, it may also have such a feature: wherein, the number of inclined sampling wells and the number of drilling points are the same.

In addition, the inclined soil sampling method provided by the present invention may also have such a feature: wherein, one inclined sampling well corresponds to at least one sampling point.

In addition, in the inclined soil sampling method provided by the present invention, it may also have such a feature: wherein, in the fifth step, according to the sampling requirement, the inclination angle of the inclined sampling well is firstly determined.

In addition, in the inclined soil sampling method provided by the present invention, it may also have the feature that, when drilling an inclined sampling well, it is necessary to monitor the position and depth of the drill bit in real time.

In addition, in the inclined soil sampling method provided by the present invention, it may also have such a feature: wherein, the traveling direction of the drill pipe underground is controlled by adjusting the direction of the drill guide plate.

In addition, in the inclined soil sampling method provided by the present invention, it may also have such a feature: wherein, when the drill bit encounters resistance and cannot be pushed forward, the drill bit is injected with clean water through the hollow channel of the drill rod to prevent the drill bit from locking.

In addition, in the inclined soil sampling method provided by the present invention, it can also have such a feature: wherein, in the seventh step, according to the usage amount of soil detection, the quantity of sampled soil is set, sealed, numbered, and put into the sample storage boxes to complete the soil sampling.

In addition, in the inclined soil sampling method provided by the present invention, it may also have such a feature, including an eighth step, after the sampling is completed, inject bentonite or cement slurry into the inclined sampling well to seal the inclined sampling well.

Function and Effect of Invention

According to an inclined soil sampling method involved in the present invention, the current technical problem of sampling only vertically and unable to be inclined is solved, and underground inclined soil sampling is realized, so that it can be used in various landfills, buildings, structures, lakes, etc. Soil collection at different positions at the bottom of rivers, relics, important facilities, etc. has become a reality. It is an important breakthrough in soil and groundwater environmental sampling technology that sampling can be performed at positions that could not be sampled in the past.

In addition, the inclined soil sampling method of the present invention can collect soil samples at different points and depths in one drilling, which improves work efficiency.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sampling section in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of a drill bit in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a drill bit in an embodiment of the present invention; and

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a soil sampler in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the following examples specifically illustrate the inclined soil sampling method of the present invention.

Embodiment one

A certain landfill covers an area of 560 mu and is divided into two phases. The first phase is 230 mu. The landfill is earlier and belongs to an informal landfill without an anti-seepage membrane at the bottom. The second phase is built in the later stage, covering an area of 330 mu. The landfill has done a relatively standardized bottom anti-seepage treatment, and the bottom of the anti-seepage layer is located 7m below the ground. According to the local development norms, the site needs to be rehabilitated, first of all, an environmental survey of the landfill site is required. Since the first phase and the second phase landfill are adjacent, the first phase landfill is not anti-seepage, and the landfill leachate may have infiltrated and diffused to the bottom of the second phase landfill, in order to judge the bottom of the second phase landfill Soil and groundwater sampling is required. Due to the anti-seepage treatment in the second phase, if samples are drilled from the upper part of the landfill, the anti-seepage layer will inevitably be damaged, resulting in seepage of leachate and further spread of pollution. Traditional sampling techniques cannot be used for sampling.

Corresponding to the range of the landfill, the plane of the landfill is divided into grids, and the number of grids to be set is set.

Set the monitoring point at the center of the grid; set the sampling point corresponding to the target formation directly below the monitoring point.

The number of inclined sampling wells and the number of drilling points are set, and the number of inclined sampling wells and the number of drilling points are the same.

One inclined sampling well corresponds to at least one sampling point.

As shown in Figure 1, in the embodiment, three different sampling points are set at the bottom of the landfill from perpendicular to the boundary of the landfill to the center of the landfill. The first sampling point 1 is 20m away from the boundary, and the sampling depth is 2m below the bottom of the anti-seepage layer; the second sampling point 2 is 35m away from the boundary, and the sampling depth is 3m below the bottom of the anti-seepage layer; the third sampling point 3 is 3m away from the boundary 70m, and the sampling depth is 5m below the bottom of the anti-seepage layer. In this embodiment, one inclined sampling well corresponds to 3 sampling points at different positions.

The construction of inclined sampling wells is carried out from the drilling point to the sampling point.

According to the sampling requirements, first determine the inclination angle of the inclined sampling well, generally the inclination angle is not greater than 15 degrees.

The sampling system includes a movable drilling rig, drill pipe, pilot drill bit, monitor, and soil sampler.

The bottom of the movable drilling rig is equipped with a chassis, and a crawler beam frame and a walking mechanism installed on the crawler beam frame are installed under the chassis of the main engine. There are hydraulic supports at the four corners of the chassis, and the hydraulic supports are extended to support the ground during operation. , Play the role of fixing the drilling rig. There is a mast on the upper part of the chassis of the drilling rig. There is a power head assembly and a clamping and fixing structure on the mast. The mast is fixed on the sliding seat. Keep it at an angle.

The drill pipe is a hollow steel pipe with an external thread at one end and an internal thread matching the external thread at the other end, and the drill pipes are connected by threads.

The front end of the drill rod is equipped with a drill bit 10, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the drill bit 10 includes a guide plate 11 and a drill rod 12, the guide plate 11 is plate-shaped, and the angle a between the guide plate 11 and the axis of the drill rod 12 is 45° The front section of the guide plate 11 is pointed, and the angle between the edge lines on both sides and the center line of the guide plate 11 is 45° to 80°. The drill bit 10 is provided with a detection chamber 14 with a built-in signal emitting rod. The front end and the side wall of the guide plate 11 are provided with a plurality of permeable holes 13 . The guide plate 11 is made of materials such as tungsten steel and manganese alloy, and has the characteristics of high strength and good wear resistance.

The monitor is connected to the launch rod by communication. The monitor is set on the ground and can receive the ultrasonic signal sent by the launch rod in the pilot drill 10. The position, direction and angle of the guide drill 10 can be monitored through the screen on the monitor. By rotating the guide drill The angle of the drill plate 11 can control the direction in which the drill rod is screwed in.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the soil sampler 20 includes a pipe body 21 , a hollow sampling pipe 22 and a connecting piece 23 .

The pipe body 21 is a section of hollow steel pipe, and the front end of the steel pipe shell is slightly closed, which is conducive to extrusion and advancement in the soil. The inner wall of the front end of the pipe body 21 is provided with a protrusion, and the rear end of the pipe body 21 is provided with an internal thread 25, an external thread 24, the external thread 24 can be threadedly connected with the drill pipe.

The two ends of the hollow sampling tube 22 are open and communicated, are arranged in the tube body 21, and one end is connected with the protrusion at the front end of the tube body 21. In the embodiment, the material of the hollow sampling tube 22 is transparent plastic.

The connecting piece 23 is in the shape of a cylinder with an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the hollow sampling tube 22 . One end of the connecting piece 23 is tapered for extending into the hollow sampling tube 22 . In the embodiment, one end of the connecting piece 23 has a flat mouth shape, which can be rotated conveniently, and the other end has an external thread. The connecting piece 23 has a through hole arranged along the axis, and the flat mouth-shaped end of the connecting piece 23 is arranged in the hollow sampling tube 22 , the other end is threadedly connected with the internal thread 25 of the pipe body 21 through an external thread, one end of the hollow sampling tube 22 is caught by the protrusion at the front end of the pipe body 21, and the other end is connected with the connecting piece 23, and the hollow sampling tube 22 passes through the connecting piece 23 Fixed in the tube body 21 , one end of the hollow sampling tube 22 communicates with the front end of the tube body 21 .

When sampling soil, the specific operation method includes the following steps:

The first step is to divide the plane of the special target into grids corresponding to the scope of the special target, and set the number of grids to be set;

The second step is to set the monitoring point at the center of the grid;

The third step is to set sampling points corresponding to the target formation directly below the monitoring point;

The fourth step is to set the number of inclined sampling wells and the number of drilling points;

The fifth step is to carry out the operation of the inclined sampling well from the drilling point to the sampling point;

The sixth step is to install a soil sampler for soil sampling;

The seventh step is to obtain the sampled soil of the target formation.

According to the sampling requirements, first draw the trajectory of the drill bit to determine the inclination angle. When selecting the parking position of the drilling rig, ensure that the parking area is relatively flat and solid. Drive the mobile drilling rig into the parking place, with the mast facing the drilling direction, and extend the support frame to fix the drilling rig. Adjust the hydraulic support at the bottom of the mast to form a certain inclination angle between the mast and the horizontal ground, and slide the mast out to the ground. Screw the pilot drill bit on the drill rod, fix the drill rod on the clamping device, and connect the rear end to the power pack. Start the motor to rotate the drill pipe and push it forward. When one drill pipe is drilled into the ground, the next drill pipe is connected, and the drill pipes are screwed step by step. The connection or separation of the drill pipes is realized through the shackle plate. Every time a rod is entered, the position and depth of the drill bit must be monitored in real time.

When the direction of travel of the drill bit needs to be adjusted, the direction of the pilot drill bit is observed through the monitor. When the guide plate faces the direction of twelve o’clock, stop the rotation, push the drill pipe, and the drill pipe will move upward; similarly, adjust the direction of the guide plate such as nine o’clock, three o’clock, six o’clock, etc., to control the drill The rod travels underground in left, right and down directions. When the deep drill bit encounters resistance and cannot be advanced, start the booster pump on the drilling rig, inject deionized water into the drill bit through the hollow channel of the drill pipe, and flow out through the water hole on the drill bit to promote the drilling of the drill bit. The outside of the rod flows out of the ground along the borehole.

When the pilot drill bit reaches the sampling position, the drill pipe is reversely rotated and withdrawn for a certain distance, the pumping device is started, and the mud in the drill hole is pumped out by the drill pipe. Then withdraw the drilling rod to put all the drilling rods out. Remove the pilot drill bit on the last drill pipe, replace it with a soil sampler, then push it to the sampling position, control the drilling machine, push the sampler directly into the soil layer, and the soil will enter the hollow of the soil sampler 20 In the sampling pipe 22, then withdraw the drill pipe, unload the soil sampler 20, and take out the hollow sampling pipe 22. According to the amount of soil testing, the two ends of the hollow sampling tube 22 are cut off, sealed with a sealing cap, numbered, put into the sample storage box, and the soil sampling is completed.

According to the set trajectory of the drill bit, continue drilling to the next sampling position, and carry out sampling according to the above operation. Soil and groundwater samples can be collected at different locations and depths at one time.

In order to prevent the migration and diffusion of pollutants at different positions caused by inclined drilling, after the sampling is completed, the drill pipe is pushed into the borehole, and bentonite or cement slurry is injected through the hollow hole of the drill pipe, while the drill pipes are pulled out one by one , while gradually injecting bentonite or cement slurry to the ground to complete the plugging.

In the embodiment, the 4.7m outside the intersection of the line connecting the three sampling points and the boundary of the landfill site is used as the drilling rig placement point, and the mobile drilling rig is driven into the parking place, with the mast facing the sampling point, and the support frame is extended to fix the drilling rig. Adjust the hydraulic support at the bottom of the mast to make a 20-degree inclination angle between the mast and the horizontal ground, and slide the mast out to the ground. Screw the pilot drill bit on the drill pipe, fix the drill pipe on the clamping device, and connect the rear end to the power assembly. Start the motor to rotate the drill pipe to advance. When one drill pipe is drilled into the ground, the next drill pipe is screwed in. The position and depth of the drill bit must be monitored in real time every time a pipe is entered. When drilling, deionized water is injected into the drill bit through the hollow channel of the drill pipe. When the pilot drill drilled 26.3m and reached the first sampling position, that is, 9m underground, the drill pipe was reversely rotated and withdrawn for a distance of about 30cm, and the pumping device was started to use the drill pipe to pump out the mud in the borehole. Then withdraw the drilling rod to remove all the drilling rods. Remove the pilot drill bit on the last drill pipe, replace it with a soil sampler, and then push it to the sampling position, control the drilling machine, push the sampler about 1m into the soil layer, and the soil will enter the sampling pipe. Then draw back the drill pipes, unload the drill pipes one by one to the last one, remove the sampling pipe, cut it to a length of 30 cm, seal both ends with sealing caps, number them, put them into the sample storage box, and complete the soil sampling.

Sampling at the second point, observe the orientation of the pilot drill through the monitor, point the drill guide plate to the twelve o'clock direction, stop the rotation, push the drill pipe, and the drill pipe will move upward until the drill pipe is adjusted to the same position as the drill pipe. The angle between the horizontal lines is 3.8 degrees; stop the propulsion, rotate the drill pipe to drill 15.03m, reach the second sampling point, and carry out soil sampling according to the same method as above. When the second sampling point is completed, adjust the direction of the guide plate upward about 0.54 degrees, and advance 35.06m to reach the third sampling point, and use the same method.

After the sampling is completed, push the drill pipe into the borehole and inject bentonite or cement slurry through the hollow of the drill pipe. While pulling out the drill pipe one by one, inject bentonite or cement slurry one by one until it reaches the ground to complete the plugging.

Embodiment two

An environmental survey was carried out on a polluted site. The groundwater level is 0.8m below the surface, and there is plain fill soil about 0.5m thick on the surface, with silty clay underneath. There is a chemical storage tank in the site, the tank bottom is 2m underground, and the tank bottom diameter is 36m. It is planned to set up two sampling points at the bottom of the tank, one point is at the midpoint of the radius of the tank bottom, 1.5m below the bottom of the tank; the other point is at the very center of the bottom of the tank, 3m below the bottom of the tank.

Install the mobile drilling rig about 6m outside the tank, adjust the angle between the drill pipe and the ground to be 13 degrees, operate according to Example 1, drill 15.5m to reach the first sampling point, carry out soil and groundwater sampling, drill Do not inject deionized water from time to time. After the sampling at the first sampling point is completed, adjust the guide plate so that the angle between it and the horizontal line is 9.5 degrees, and then continue to drill 9.1m to the second sampling point for soil and groundwater sampling.

Function and effect of embodiment

According to a kind of inclined soil sampling method involved in this embodiment, the technical problem that can only be taken vertically and cannot be inclined at present is solved, and the underground inclined soil sampling is realized. Soil and groundwater sampling at different locations at the bottom of lakes, rivers, relics, and important facilities has become a reality. Sampling can be performed at locations that could not be sampled in the past. This is an important breakthrough in soil and groundwater environmental sampling technology, which greatly expands the scope of site environmental investigations and sampling of key regions.

In addition, the inclined soil sampling method of this embodiment can collect soil and groundwater samples at different points and depths in one drilling, which improves work efficiency.

Furthermore, in the inclined soil sampling method of this embodiment, the borehole is blocked after sampling, which avoids the risk of pollutants spreading and transferring along the borehole.

The above embodiments are preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. an inclined soil sampling method, for the soil of at least one target stratum of different depths in the area where the soil environment at the bottom of the special target is investigated, it is characterized in that, comprising the following steps: The first step is to divide the plane of the special target into grids corresponding to the scope of the special target, and set the number of grids to be set; The second step is to set monitoring points at the center of the grid; The third step is to set a sampling point corresponding to the target formation directly below the monitoring point; The fourth step is to set the number of inclined sampling wells and the number of drilling points; The fifth step is to carry out the operation of the inclined sampling well from the drilling point to the sampling point; The sixth step is to install a soil sampler for soil sampling; The seventh step is to obtain the sampled soil of the target formation. 2. inclined type soil sampling method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: Wherein, the number of inclined sampling wells and the number of drilling points are the same. 3. inclined type soil sampling method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: Wherein, one inclined sampling well corresponds to at least one sampling point. 4. inclined type soil sampling method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: Wherein, in the fifth step, according to the sampling requirement, the inclination angle of the inclined sampling well is firstly determined. 5. inclined type soil sampling method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: Wherein, when drilling the inclined sampling well, it is necessary to monitor the position and depth of the drill bit in real time. 6. inclined type soil sampling method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: Wherein, the traveling direction of the drill pipe underground is controlled by adjusting the direction of the drill guide plate. 7. inclined type soil sampling method according to claim 6, is characterized in that: Wherein, when the drill bit encounters resistance and cannot be advanced, the drill bit is injected with clean water through the hollow channel of the drill rod to prevent the drill bit from locking. 8. inclined type soil sampling method according to claim 6, is characterized in that: Wherein, in the sixth step, when the drill bit reaches the sampling point, remove all the drill pipes, replace the drill bit with a soil sampler, and push the soil sampler into the sampling point. 9. inclined type soil sampling method according to claim 8, is characterized in that: Among them, in the seventh step, according to the amount of soil testing, the quantity of sampled soil is set, sealed, numbered, and put into the sample storage box to complete the soil sampling. 10. inclined type soil sampling method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises: In the eighth step, after the sampling is completed, inject bentonite or cement slurry into the inclined sampling well to seal off the inclined sampling well.