CN110434456A - A kind of laser welding system based on MOPA structure peak value short pulse nanosecond laser - Google Patents
A kind of laser welding system based on MOPA structure peak value short pulse nanosecond laser Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 101100456571 Mus musculus Med12 gene Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于MOPA结构高峰值短脉冲纳秒激光器的激光焊接系统,包括通过三维移动平台依次设置的纳秒激光器、扩束镜、高速振镜扫描系统、光束聚焦透镜及视觉系统;本发明通过视觉系统分析视觉数据对焊件进行精确定位并实时准确的检测焊点的焊接效果,然后将效果返回给控制系统,控制系统根据接收的数据来调整纳秒激光器的发射时间强度及控制高振镜扫描系统的偏转角度,从而使纳秒激光器产生的微量级的激光光束在待焊接的金属薄板上焊接点处形成多个细微焊点,并使多个细微焊点按预设路线布置,在焊接点处形成多个钉状细微焊点构成的齿状咬合区域,实现薄板金属融合,从而大大提高焊件的品质及成品率。
The invention discloses a laser welding system based on a MOPA structure high-peak short-pulse nanosecond laser, which includes a nanosecond laser, a beam expander, a high-speed galvanometer scanning system, a beam focusing lens and a vision system sequentially arranged on a three-dimensional mobile platform; The invention analyzes the visual data through the visual system to accurately locate the weldment and detect the welding effect of the solder joint in real time, and then returns the effect to the control system. The control system adjusts the emission time intensity and control of the nanosecond laser according to the received data. The deflection angle of the high-galvanometer scanning system enables the micro-level laser beam generated by the nanosecond laser to form multiple micro-solder spots at the spot on the metal sheet to be welded, and arranges the many micro-spots according to the preset route. A tooth-shaped occlusal area composed of multiple nail-shaped fine solder joints is formed at the welding point to realize the fusion of thin plate metal, thereby greatly improving the quality and yield of weldments.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及激光焊接技术领域,尤其涉及一种基于MOPA结构高峰值短脉冲纳秒激光器的激光焊接系统。The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a laser welding system based on a MOPA structure high-peak short-pulse nanosecond laser.
背景技术Background technique
薄板金属焊接技术是一种将两种或两种以上薄板金属融合在一起的技术;传统激光在薄板焊接时,一般采用ms激光进行焊接,通过将两种材料液化后融合在一起,形成一个U型的咬合区域,因为激光峰值的差异,形成的融合物理特性不同,使得ms激光在焊接薄板异种金属时,薄板金属焊接存在金属不易融合、焊接强度差等问题,同时ms激光焊接对材料的热影响热变形也更大。Thin plate metal welding technology is a technology that fuses two or more thin plate metals together; traditional laser welding generally uses ms laser for welding, and the two materials are liquefied and fused together to form a U Because of the difference in the peak value of the laser, the physical characteristics of the fusion formed are different, so that when the ms laser welds the thin plate dissimilar metal, there are problems such as the metal is not easy to fuse and the welding strength is poor. At the same time, the heat of the material is affected by the ms laser welding The effect of thermal deformation is also greater.
为了解决上述技术问题,现有技术中通过控制模块控制纳秒激光器的发射时间强度等,通过控制模块控制振镜扫描偏转装置的偏转角度,或通过薄板托具调整待焊接金属薄板的位置,从而使焊接系统产生的微量级的激光光束在待焊接的技术薄板上形成多个按预设路线设置的细微焊点,由此使焊接点具有更强的咬合力,同时不会对金属产生过大的热影响,但是该系统不适用于小型化焊件,难以对小型焊件的焊点进行准确定位,同时难以实时准确分辨出焊点的焊接效果,因此,焊件的品质及成品率不高。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, in the prior art, the emission time intensity of the nanosecond laser is controlled by the control module, the deflection angle of the galvanometer scanning deflection device is controlled by the control module, or the position of the metal sheet to be welded is adjusted by the sheet holder, thereby The micro-level laser beam generated by the welding system forms a number of tiny welding spots set according to the preset route on the technical thin plate to be welded, so that the welding spots have stronger bite force, and at the same time will not cause excessive damage to the metal However, this system is not suitable for miniaturized weldments, it is difficult to accurately locate the solder joints of small weldments, and it is difficult to accurately distinguish the welding effect of solder joints in real time. Therefore, the quality and yield of weldments are not high .
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术中存在的不足,提供一种基于MOPA结构高峰值短脉冲纳秒激光器的激光焊接系统,通过视觉系统分析视觉数据对焊件进行精确定位并实时准确的检测焊点的焊接效果,然后将效果返回给控制系统,控制系统根据接收的数据来调整纳秒激光器的发射时间强度及控制高振镜扫描系统的偏转角度,从而使纳秒激光器产生的微量级的激光光束在待焊接的金属薄板上焊接点处形成多个细微焊点,并使多个细微焊点按预设路线布置,在焊接点处形成多个钉状细微焊点构成的齿状咬合区域,具有更强的咬合力,实现薄板金属融合。The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the prior art, to provide a laser welding system based on a MOPA structure high-peak short-pulse nanosecond laser, and to analyze the visual data through the visual system to accurately locate the weldment and detect the welding accurately in real time. point welding effect, and then return the effect to the control system, the control system adjusts the emission time intensity of the nanosecond laser and controls the deflection angle of the high-galvanometer scanning system according to the received data, so that the micro-level laser beam generated by the nanosecond laser is in the A plurality of fine solder points are formed at the solder points on the metal sheet to be welded, and the multiple fine solder points are arranged according to a preset route, and a tooth-shaped occlusal area composed of a plurality of nail-shaped fine solder points is formed at the solder points, which has a more Strong bite force to achieve thin sheet metal fusion.
为实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
一种基于MOPA结构高峰值短脉冲纳秒激光器的激光焊接系统,包括通过三维移动平台依次设置的纳秒激光器、扩束镜、高速振镜扫描系统、光束聚焦透镜及视觉系统,所述纳秒激光器发出的激光光束经所述扩束镜、所述高速振镜扫描系统、所述光束聚焦透镜发射到待焊接的数个金属薄板,所述纳秒激光器的发射控制端和所述高速振镜扫描系统的偏转控制端均连接于控制模块的信号输出端;所述光束聚焦透镜对准所述待焊接的数个金属薄板设置;所述视觉系统包括CCD镜头和视觉信息处理模块,所述CCD镜头、视觉信息处理模块和控制模块依次电连接,所述CCD镜头设于所述光束聚焦透镜上。A laser welding system based on a MOPA structure high-peak short-pulse nanosecond laser, including a nanosecond laser, a beam expander, a high-speed galvanometer scanning system, a beam focusing lens, and a vision system arranged sequentially through a three-dimensional mobile platform. The laser beam emitted by the laser is emitted to several metal sheets to be welded through the beam expander, the high-speed galvanometer scanning system, and the beam focusing lens. The emission control end of the nanosecond laser and the high-speed galvanometer The deflection control ends of the scanning system are all connected to the signal output ends of the control module; the beam focusing lens is aligned with the several metal sheets to be welded; the vision system includes a CCD lens and a visual information processing module, and the CCD The lens, the visual information processing module and the control module are electrically connected in sequence, and the CCD lens is arranged on the beam focusing lens.
优选的,所述纳秒激光器包括预放大级光路结构和主放大级光路结构,所述预放大级光路结构包括种子源、第一多模半导体激光器、第一合束器、第一增益光纤和第一隔离器;所述主放大级光路结构包括第二增益光纤、第二合束器、第二多模半导体激光器、第二隔离器和输出端;所述种子源的输出端依次连接所述第一合束器、所述第一增益光纤、所述第一隔离器、所述第二合束器、所述第二增益光纤、所述第二隔离器和所述输出端;所述第一多模半导体激光器作为泵浦源以后向泵浦的方式与所述第一合束器相连接;所述第二多模半导体激光器作为泵浦源以后向泵浦方式与所述第二合束器相连接。Preferably, the nanosecond laser includes a pre-amplification level optical path structure and a main amplification level optical path structure, and the pre-amplification level optical path structure includes a seed source, a first multimode semiconductor laser, a first beam combiner, a first gain fiber and The first isolator; the main amplifier stage optical path structure includes a second gain fiber, a second beam combiner, a second multimode semiconductor laser, a second isolator and an output end; the output end of the seed source is connected to the The first beam combiner, the first gain fiber, the first isolator, the second beam combiner, the second gain fiber, the second isolator and the output end; the first A multimode semiconductor laser is connected to the first beam combiner in a backward pumping manner as a pumping source; the second multimode semiconductor laser is connected to the second beam combiner in a backward pumping manner as a pumping source connected to the device.
优选的,所述第一增益光纤、第二增益光纤为双包层掺镱光纤。Preferably, the first gain fiber and the second gain fiber are double-clad ytterbium-doped fibers.
优选的,所述双包层掺镱光纤的纤芯直径/内包层直径为10/125μm,纤芯数值孔径/内包层数值孔径为0.08/0.46。Preferably, the core diameter/inner cladding diameter of the double-clad ytterbium-doped optical fiber is 10/125 μm, and the core numerical aperture/inner cladding numerical aperture is 0.08/0.46.
优选的,所述种子源为直接电调制的1550nm半导体激光器;所述第一多模半导体激光器、第二多模半导体激光器为975nm多模半导体激光器或950nm多模半导体激光器或915nm多模半导体激光器。Preferably, the seed source is a 1550nm semiconductor laser directly electrically modulated; the first multimode semiconductor laser and the second multimode semiconductor laser are a 975nm multimode semiconductor laser or a 950nm multimode semiconductor laser or a 915nm multimode semiconductor laser.
优选的,还包括用于驱动所述第一多模半导体激光器的预放大级驱动电路、用于驱动所述种子源的种子源驱动电路、用于驱动所述第二多模半导体激光器的主放大级驱动电路和对前述各驱动电路进行控制的控制电路。Preferably, it also includes a pre-amplifier driving circuit for driving the first multi-mode semiconductor laser, a seed source driving circuit for driving the seed source, and a main amplifier for driving the second multi-mode semiconductor laser. stage drive circuit and a control circuit for controlling the aforementioned drive circuits.
优选的,所述高速振镜扫描系统包括与振镜驱动器相连的X轴步进电机和Y轴步进电机,所述X轴步进电机、Y轴步进电机分别连接有反射镜,所述高速振镜扫描系统通过与所述X轴步进电机和所述Y轴步进电机分别连接的反射镜的两次反射形成可移动或静止的多束激光束。Preferably, the high-speed vibrating mirror scanning system includes an X-axis stepping motor and a Y-axis stepping motor connected to the vibrating mirror driver, and the X-axis stepping motor and the Y-axis stepping motor are respectively connected with mirrors, and the The high-speed galvanometer scanning system forms movable or stationary multi-beam laser beams through two reflections of mirrors respectively connected to the X-axis stepping motor and the Y-axis stepping motor.
优选的,所述激光光束发射至所述待焊接的金属薄板上形成的光斑直径不大于100μm。Preferably, the diameter of the spot formed by emitting the laser beam onto the metal sheet to be welded is not greater than 100 μm.
优选的,还包括温度采集系统,所述温度采集系统包括红外温度采集模块和温度信号处理模块,所述红外温度采集模块、温度信号处理模块和控制模块依次电连接,所述红外温度采集模块的温度传感器设于所述CCD镜头上。Preferably, it also includes a temperature acquisition system, the temperature acquisition system includes an infrared temperature acquisition module and a temperature signal processing module, the infrared temperature acquisition module, the temperature signal processing module and the control module are electrically connected in sequence, and the infrared temperature acquisition module The temperature sensor is arranged on the CCD lens.
优选的,还包括显示模块,所述显示模块与控制模块电连接。Preferably, a display module is also included, and the display module is electrically connected to the control module.
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1)本发明通过视觉系统分析视觉数据对焊件进行精确定位并实时准确的检测焊点的焊接效果,然后将效果返回给控制系统,控制系统根据接收的数据来调整纳秒激光器的发射时间强度及控制高振镜扫描系统的偏转角度,从而使纳秒激光器产生的微量级的激光光束在待焊接的金属薄板上焊接点处形成多个细微焊点,并使多个细微焊点按预设路线布置,在焊接点处形成多个钉状细微焊点构成的齿状咬合区域,具有更强的咬合力,实现薄板金属融合,从而大大提高焊件的品质及成品率。(1) The present invention analyzes the visual data through the visual system to precisely locate the weldment and detect the welding effect of the solder joint accurately in real time, and then returns the effect to the control system, and the control system adjusts the emission time of the nanosecond laser according to the received data Intensity and control of the deflection angle of the high-galvanometer scanning system, so that the micro-level laser beam generated by the nanosecond laser forms multiple tiny solder spots at the welding points on the metal sheet to be welded, and makes multiple tiny solder spots follow the preset route Arrangement, a tooth-shaped occlusal area composed of multiple nail-shaped fine solder joints is formed at the welding point, which has stronger occlusal force and realizes the fusion of thin plate metal, thereby greatly improving the quality and yield of weldments.
(2)本发明采用以直接调制的半导体激光器为种子源的两级MOPA 放大结构,种子光通过两次双包层掺镱光纤进行增益,能够节省增益光纤长度,同时获得更高的增益并提高种子源的光-光转化效率,从而提高增益光纤对小信号的放大能力,保障纳秒激光脉冲的高保真放大;且两级MOPA放大光路结构中,多模半导体激光器均采用后向泵浦方式,可有效抑制ASE效应,同时提高输出功率,从而使高反金属也能有效吸收,实现对金属的气化和液化,使多个按预设路线设置的细微焊点共同形成的钉状咬合区域具有更强的咬合力,同时不会对金属产生过大的热影响,从而为薄板异种金属的高质量焊接提供了可靠稳定的光源输出。(2) The present invention adopts a two-stage MOPA amplification structure with a directly modulated semiconductor laser as the seed source, and the seed light passes through the double-clad ytterbium-doped fiber twice for gain, which can save the length of the gain fiber, obtain higher gain and improve The light-to-light conversion efficiency of the seed source improves the amplification ability of the gain fiber for small signals and ensures the high-fidelity amplification of nanosecond laser pulses; and in the two-stage MOPA amplification optical path structure, the multi-mode semiconductor lasers all adopt the backward pumping method , can effectively suppress the ASE effect, and increase the output power at the same time, so that the high anti-metal can also be effectively absorbed, realize the gasification and liquefaction of the metal, and make a nail-shaped occlusal area formed by multiple fine solder joints set according to the preset route. It has a stronger bite force without excessive thermal impact on the metal, thus providing a reliable and stable light source output for high-quality welding of thin-plate dissimilar metals.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一种基于MOPA结构高峰值短脉冲纳秒激光器的激光焊接系统的结构框图;Fig. 1 is a kind of structure block diagram of the laser welding system based on MOPA structure high-peak short-pulse nanosecond laser of the present invention;
图2为本发明纳秒激光器的结构示意图;Fig. 2 is the structural representation of nanosecond laser of the present invention;
图3为本发明一种基于MOPA结构高峰值短脉冲纳秒激光器的激光焊接系统的局部结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a laser welding system based on a MOPA structure high-peak short-pulse nanosecond laser according to the present invention.
图中:1、纳秒激光器;100、种子源;101、第一多模半导体激光器;102、第一合束器;103、第一增益光纤;104、第一隔离器;105、第二多模半导体激光器;106、第二合束器;107、第二增益光纤;108、第二隔离器;109、输出端;110、控制电路;111、种子源驱动电路;112、预放大级驱动电路;113、主放大级驱动电路;2、扩束镜;3、高速振镜扫描系统;4、光束聚焦透镜;5、控制模块;6、显示模块;7、视觉系统;701、CCD镜头;702、视觉信息处理模块;8、温度采集系统;801、红外温度采集模块;802、温度信号处理模块。In the figure: 1, nanosecond laser; 100, seed source; 101, the first multimode semiconductor laser; 102, the first beam combiner; 103, the first gain fiber; 104, the first isolator; 105, the second multiple Mode semiconductor laser; 106, second beam combiner; 107, second gain fiber; 108, second isolator; 109, output end; 110, control circuit; 111, seed source drive circuit; 112, pre-amplification stage drive circuit ; 113. Main amplifier drive circuit; 2. Beam expander; 3. High-speed galvanometer scanning system; 4. Beam focusing lens; 5. Control module; 6. Display module; 7. Visual system; 701. CCD lens; 702 . Visual information processing module; 8. Temperature acquisition system; 801. Infrared temperature acquisition module; 802. Temperature signal processing module.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明;应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明;除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail in conjunction with the following examples; it should be understood that the specific examples described here are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in this technical field.
下面通过具体的实施例子并结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细描述。The present invention will be described in further detail below through specific implementation examples and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例1Example 1
如图1~3所示,一种基于MOPA结构高峰值短脉冲纳秒激光器1的激光焊接系统,包括通过三维移动平台依次设置的纳秒激光器1、扩束镜2、高速振镜扫描系统3、光束聚焦透镜4及视觉系统7,所述纳秒激光器1发出的激光光束经所述扩束镜2、所述高速振镜扫描系统3、所述光束聚焦透镜4发射到待焊接的数个金属薄板,所述纳秒激光器1的发射控制端和所述高速振镜扫描系统3的偏转控制端均连接于控制模块5的信号输出端;所述光束聚焦透镜4对准所述待焊接的数个金属薄板设置;所述视觉系统7包括CCD镜头701和视觉信息处理模块702,所述CCD镜头701、视觉信息处理模块702和控制模块5依次电连接,所述CCD镜头701设于所述光束聚焦透镜4上。As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a laser welding system based on a MOPA structure high-peak short-pulse nanosecond laser 1 includes a nanosecond laser 1, a beam expander 2, and a high-speed galvanometer scanning system 3 sequentially set up through a three-dimensional mobile platform , beam focusing lens 4 and vision system 7, the laser beam that described nanosecond laser 1 sends is through described beam expander 2, described high-speed galvanometer scanning system 3, described beam focusing lens 4 launches to several to be welded For thin metal plates, the emission control end of the nanosecond laser 1 and the deflection control end of the high-speed galvanometer scanning system 3 are all connected to the signal output end of the control module 5; the beam focusing lens 4 is aligned with the to-be-welded Several thin metal plates are set; the visual system 7 includes a CCD lens 701 and a visual information processing module 702, and the CCD lens 701, the visual information processing module 702 and the control module 5 are electrically connected in turn, and the CCD lens 701 is arranged on the The light beam is focused on the lens 4.
工作时,将待焊接的数个金属薄板层层叠放在工作台上,光束聚焦透镜4对准工作台上的数个待焊接金属薄板设置;数个待焊接金属薄板层层叠放在薄板托具上,薄板托具可移动的设置在工作台上,激光光束发射至待焊接的金属薄板上形成的光斑直径不大于100μm。When working, put several metal sheets to be welded layer by layer on the workbench, and the beam focusing lens 4 is aligned with several metal sheets to be welded on the workbench; several metal sheets to be welded are stacked on the sheet holder Above, the sheet holder is movable on the workbench, and the laser beam is emitted to the metal sheet to be welded to form a spot diameter not greater than 100 μm.
本发明中视觉系统7用于获取焊接区和焊接件的视觉参数以实现位置定位、功率控制和质量监控,其中,视觉系统7包括CCD镜头701和视觉信息处理模块702,CCD镜头701设于所述光束聚焦透镜4上,让CCD镜头701随所述光束聚焦透镜4运动;CCD镜头701位于焊接区的正上方用于采集待焊件的图像信息;其中, CCD镜头701为高速、高分辨率镜头,其分辨率大于1000万以保证检测效果,视觉信息处理模块702用于对视屏数据进行放大、滤波、模数转化等处理,具体可以是视屏信号采集卡;通过视觉系统7可对焊点进行精确定位和对焊接效果进行识别;然后控制模块5会根据视觉系统7对焊接效果的反馈对纳米激光器的输出功率进行调整,并且功率调整的时间会在100ms内完成,这样保证了焊件的品质,提高了焊件的成品率。In the present invention, the visual system 7 is used to obtain the visual parameters of the welding zone and the weldment to realize position positioning, power control and quality monitoring, wherein the visual system 7 includes a CCD lens 701 and a visual information processing module 702, and the CCD lens 701 is located at the place. On the beam focusing lens 4, let the CCD lens 701 move with the beam focusing lens 4; the CCD lens 701 is located directly above the welding zone and is used to collect the image information of the workpiece to be welded; wherein, the CCD lens 701 is high-speed, high-resolution Lens, the resolution of which is greater than 10 million to ensure the detection effect, the visual information processing module 702 is used to process the video data such as amplification, filtering, and analog-to-digital conversion, which can be specifically a video signal acquisition card; Carry out precise positioning and identify the welding effect; then the control module 5 will adjust the output power of the nano-laser according to the feedback of the vision system 7 on the welding effect, and the power adjustment time will be completed within 100ms, which ensures the weldment. Quality, improve the yield of weldments.
扩束镜2主要作用是将激光束的光斑进行扩大,减少激光的发散角,有利用激光更好的聚焦,振镜扫描偏转装置包括两个镜片,两个镜片分别连接于X轴驱动臂和Y轴驱动臂,X轴驱动臂和Y轴驱动臂分别连接于X轴电机和Y轴电机的输出端,聚焦透镜是一种激光光学器件,在其内部透过一组镜片组实现对激光的聚焦,得到激光加工所需要的微米级大小的光斑。The main function of the beam expander 2 is to expand the spot of the laser beam, reduce the divergence angle of the laser, and use the laser to focus better. The galvanometer scanning deflection device includes two lenses, which are respectively connected to the X-axis drive arm and The Y-axis drive arm, the X-axis drive arm and the Y-axis drive arm are respectively connected to the output ends of the X-axis motor and the Y-axis motor. The focusing lens is a laser optical device, which realizes the laser through a group of lens groups. Focus to obtain the micron-sized spot required for laser processing.
本发明通过光束传输聚焦系统将激光聚焦于薄板金属,实现薄板金属的钉状咬合,从而解决了板材过薄或异种金属不易融合的问题,实现薄板金属融合,相比于ms激光器,ns激光器拥有更小的脉冲宽度(1ms=1000us,1us=1000ns),更高的峰值功率,高反金属也能有效吸收,实现对金属的气化和液化,多个按预设路线设置的细微焊点相较于传统的U型区域具有更强的咬合力,同时不会对金属有过大的热影响控制模块5控制高速振镜扫描系统3按预设路线偏转,使数个细微焊点按预设路线依次排列形成焊接点;本发明中还可以通过移动待焊金属薄板或薄板托具,调整焊接位置和角度。The present invention focuses the laser light on the sheet metal through the beam transmission focusing system to realize the nail-like occlusion of the sheet metal, thereby solving the problem that the sheet is too thin or the fusion of dissimilar metals is difficult, and realizes the fusion of the sheet metal. Compared with the ms laser, the ns laser has Smaller pulse width (1ms=1000us, 1us=1000ns), higher peak power, high anti-metal can also effectively absorb, realize the gasification and liquefaction of metal, multiple fine solder joint phases set according to the preset route Compared with the traditional U-shaped area, it has a stronger bite force, and at the same time, it will not have an excessive thermal impact on the metal. The control module 5 controls the high-speed galvanometer scanning system 3 to deflect according to the preset route, so that several tiny solder joints follow the preset route. The routes are arranged in sequence to form welding points; in the present invention, the welding position and angle can also be adjusted by moving the metal sheet to be welded or the sheet holder.
纳米激光器发射出的激光光束经高速振镜扫描偏系统可形成一定幅面的激光光束,通过控制高速振镜镜片的偏转角度,可控制激光光束按特定轨迹发射至叠放的待焊金属薄板上,数个细微焊点在待焊接点处形成钉状咬合区域,且各个细微焊点内充满了激光光束所经过区域的上层金属薄板和下层金属薄板的物料气化或液化进而融合并凝固后的物质。The laser beam emitted by the nano-laser can be scanned by the high-speed galvanometer to form a laser beam of a certain size. By controlling the deflection angle of the high-speed galvanometer lens, the laser beam can be controlled to be emitted to the stacked metal sheets to be welded according to a specific trajectory. Several fine solder joints form a nail-shaped bite area at the point to be welded, and each fine solder joint is filled with the gasification or liquefaction of the materials of the upper and lower metal sheets in the area where the laser beam passes through, and then fused and solidified .
其中,数个细微焊点按预设路线依次排列形成焊接点时的排列形式包括:在一个焊接点排列形成的螺旋状排列形式、网状排列形式、折线状排列形式,螺旋状排列形式、网状排列形式或折线状排列形式中的各个所述细微焊点与前后相邻的两个所述细微焊点之间的间距不大于0.5mm。Among them, the arrangement forms of several fine solder joints arranged in sequence according to the preset route to form solder joints include: a spiral arrangement formed by arranging at one welding point, a mesh arrangement, a broken line arrangement, a spiral arrangement, a net The distance between each of the micro-solder spots in the shape arrangement or the zigzag line arrangement and the two adjacent micro-solders in front and back is not greater than 0.5mm.
具体的,所述纳秒激光器1包括预放大级光路结构和主放大级光路结构,所述预放大级光路结构包括种子源100、第一多模半导体激光器101、第一合束器102、第一增益光纤103和第一隔离器104;所述主放大级光路结构包括第二增益光纤107、第二合束器106、第二多模半导体激光器105、第二隔离器108和输出端109;所述种子源100的输出端依次连接所述第一合束器102、所述第一增益光纤103、所述第一隔离器104、所述第二合束器106、所述第二增益光纤107、所述第二隔离器108和所述输出端109;所述第一多模半导体激光器101作为泵浦源以后向泵浦的方式与所述第一合束器102相连接;所述第二多模半导体激光器105作为泵浦源以后向泵浦方式与所述第二合束器106相连接。Specifically, the nanosecond laser 1 includes a pre-amplification level optical path structure and a main amplification level optical path structure, and the pre-amplification level optical path structure includes a seed source 100, a first multimode semiconductor laser 101, a first beam combiner 102, a second A gain fiber 103 and a first isolator 104; the main amplifier stage optical path structure includes a second gain fiber 107, a second beam combiner 106, a second multimode semiconductor laser 105, a second isolator 108 and an output end 109; The output end of the seed source 100 is sequentially connected to the first beam combiner 102, the first gain fiber 103, the first isolator 104, the second beam combiner 106, and the second gain fiber 107. The second isolator 108 and the output terminal 109; the first multimode semiconductor laser 101 is used as a pumping source and connected to the first beam combiner 102 in a backward pumping manner; the first Two multimode semiconductor lasers 105 are used as pumping sources and connected to the second beam combiner 106 in a backward pumping manner.
本发明所采用的纳秒激光器1优势在于脉冲宽度小,峰值高,击穿上层金属薄板,使下层金属气化和液化上升到上层金属层凝固,从而使上下两层金属间形成大量细微焊点,数个细微焊点在焊接点处形成钉状咬合区域,实现薄板金属融合,纳秒激光器1发出的激光束经过扩束镜2后,由激光高速振镜扫描系统3传输到聚焦透镜,激光束在薄板金属聚焦到微米级别后,通过控制模块5高速打大量微孔,使下层金属气化和液化上升到上层金属层凝固,从而形成大量微细钉状咬合。The advantage of the nanosecond laser 1 adopted in the present invention is that the pulse width is small, the peak value is high, and it breaks down the upper metal sheet, so that the lower metal gasifies and liquefies and rises to the upper metal layer to solidify, so that a large number of fine solder joints are formed between the upper and lower metal layers , several fine solder joints form a nail-shaped occlusal area at the solder joints to realize the fusion of thin metal plates. After the laser beam emitted by the nanosecond laser 1 passes through the beam expander 2, it is transmitted to the focusing lens by the laser high-speed galvanometer scanning system 3, and the laser After the beam is focused on the thin plate metal to the micron level, a large number of micro-holes are drilled at high speed through the control module 5, so that the lower metal layer is vaporized and liquefied and rises to the upper metal layer to solidify, thereby forming a large number of fine nail-shaped bites.
具体的,所述第一增益光纤103、第二增益光纤107为双包层掺镱光纤,掺镱光纤能够克服掺铒光纤存在的浓度淬灭效应,提高增益光纤的泵浦转换效率,从而提高输出功率。Specifically, the first gain fiber 103 and the second gain fiber 107 are double-clad ytterbium-doped fibers, and the ytterbium-doped fibers can overcome the concentration quenching effect of erbium-doped fibers and improve the pump conversion efficiency of the gain fibers, thereby improving Output Power.
具体的,所述双包层掺镱光纤的纤芯直径/内包层直径为10/125μm,纤芯数值孔径/内包层数值孔径为0.08/0.46。Specifically, the core diameter/inner cladding diameter of the double-clad ytterbium-doped optical fiber is 10/125 μm, and the core numerical aperture/inner cladding numerical aperture is 0.08/0.46.
具体的,所述种子源100为直接电调制的1550nm半导体激光器,其带宽为2.5GHz,经调制输出的脉冲宽度为519±0.6ps,重复频率在1MHz-2MHz范围内连续可调;所述第一多模半导体激光器101、第二多模半导体激光器105为975nm多模半导体激光器或950nm多模半导体激光器或915nm多模半导体激光器。Specifically, the seed source 100 is a 1550nm semiconductor laser directly electrically modulated, its bandwidth is 2.5GHz, the modulated output pulse width is 519±0.6ps, and the repetition frequency is continuously adjustable within the range of 1MHz-2MHz; the first The first multimode semiconductor laser 101 and the second multimode semiconductor laser 105 are 975nm multimode semiconductor lasers or 950nm multimode semiconductor lasers or 915nm multimode semiconductor lasers.
优选的,所述第一多模半导体激光器101采用最高输出功率为20W的多模半导体激光器,工作波长915nm,输出尾纤的纤芯/包层直径为105/125μm,数值孔径0.22;主放大级光路结构使用两个最高输出功率为30W的第二多模半导体激光器105,工作波长915nm,输出尾纤的纤芯/包层直径为105/125μm,数值孔径0.22。Preferably, the first multimode semiconductor laser 101 adopts a multimode semiconductor laser with the highest output power of 20W, the working wavelength is 915nm, the core/cladding diameter of the output pigtail is 105/125μm, and the numerical aperture is 0.22; the main amplifier stage The optical path structure uses two second multimode semiconductor lasers 105 with the highest output power of 30W, the working wavelength is 915nm, the core/cladding diameter of the output pigtail is 105/125μm, and the numerical aperture is 0.22.
具体的,预放大级光路结构使用(2+1)×1合束器,泵浦端单臂最大承受功率30W,泵浦端尾纤的纤芯/包层直径为105/125μm,数值孔径0.22,信号输入端、输出端尾纤的纤芯/包层直径为10/125μm,主放大级光路结构也使用(2+1)×1合束器,其信号输出端尾纤的纤芯/包层直径为20/125μm。Specifically, the optical path structure of the pre-amplification stage uses a (2+1)×1 beam combiner, the maximum power of a single arm at the pump end is 30W, the core/cladding diameter of the pigtail fiber at the pump end is 105/125μm, and the numerical aperture is 0.22 , the core/cladding diameter of the pigtail at the signal input and output ends is 10/125 μm, the optical path structure of the main amplifier stage also uses a (2+1)×1 beam combiner, and the core/cladding of the pigtail at the signal output end The layer diameter is 20/125 μm.
预放大级光路结构使用的光隔离器的工作波长1064nm,最大承受功率15W,因此可起到保护种子源100的作用;主放大级光路结构使用的光隔离器的工作波长1064nm,最大承受功率50W;在输出端109连接隔离器,可以防止端面的菲涅尔反射产生寄生激光振荡,然后接光纤准直器,可以保证激光器的准直出光。The working wavelength of the optical isolator used in the pre-amplification level optical path structure is 1064nm, and the maximum withstand power is 15W, so it can protect the seed source 100; the working wavelength of the optical isolator used in the main amplification level optical path structure is 1064nm, and the maximum withstand power is 50W ; Connect the isolator at the output end 109, which can prevent the Fresnel reflection of the end face from generating parasitic laser oscillation, and then connect the fiber collimator to ensure the collimated output of the laser.
本发明采用以直接调制半导体激光器为种子源100的两级MOPA放大结构, 实现高功率纳秒激光脉冲稳定输出;采用双程单级放大克服小信号放大困难、增益光纤过长等问题;采用单程后向泵浦方式,克服小信号脉冲放大过程中ASE光积累问题大幅度提高输出功率,因此激光输出功率高,放大级数少,结构紧凑,成本较低,采用二级放大器最终获得了平均功率为30.3W,重复频率在10-80KHz范围可调,中心波长为1064.016nm的激光脉冲输出。The present invention adopts a two-stage MOPA amplification structure with a directly modulated semiconductor laser as the seed source 100 to realize stable output of high-power nanosecond laser pulses; adopts a double-pass single-stage amplification to overcome problems such as small signal amplification difficulties and too long gain fibers; adopts a single-pass The backward pumping method overcomes the problem of ASE light accumulation in the small signal pulse amplification process and greatly increases the output power. Therefore, the laser output power is high, the number of amplification stages is small, the structure is compact, and the cost is low. The average power is finally obtained by using a two-stage amplifier. It is 30.3W, the repetition frequency is adjustable in the range of 10-80KHz, and the laser pulse output with a center wavelength of 1064.016nm.
具体的,还包括用于驱动所述第一多模半导体激光器101的预放大级驱动电路112、用于驱动所述种子源100的种子源驱动电路111、用于驱动所述第二多模半导体激光器105的主放大级驱动电路113和对前述各驱动电路进行控制的控制电路110。Specifically, it also includes a pre-amplification stage drive circuit 112 for driving the first multimode semiconductor laser 101, a seed source drive circuit 111 for driving the seed source 100, and a seed source drive circuit 111 for driving the second multimode semiconductor laser. The main amplifier driving circuit 113 of the laser 105 and the control circuit 110 for controlling the aforementioned driving circuits.
具体的,所述高速振镜扫描系统3包括与振镜驱动器相连的X轴步进电机和Y轴步进电机,所述X轴步进电机、Y轴步进电机分别连接有反射镜,所述高速振镜扫描系统3通过与所述X轴步进电机和所述Y轴步进电机分别连接的反射镜的两次反射形成可移动或静止的多束激光束。Specifically, the high-speed vibrating mirror scanning system 3 includes an X-axis stepping motor and a Y-axis stepping motor connected to the vibrating mirror driver, and the X-axis stepping motor and the Y-axis stepping motor are respectively connected with mirrors, so The high-speed galvanometer scanning system 3 forms movable or stationary multi-beam laser beams through two reflections of mirrors respectively connected to the X-axis stepping motor and the Y-axis stepping motor.
具体的,所述激光光束发射至所述待焊接的金属薄板上形成的光斑直径不大于100μm。Specifically, the diameter of the spot formed by emitting the laser beam onto the metal sheet to be welded is not greater than 100 μm.
具体的,还包括温度采集系统8,所述温度采集系统8包括红外温度采集模块801和温度信号处理模块802,所述红外温度采集模块801、温度信号处理模块802和控制模块5依次电连接,所述红外温度采集模块801的温度传感器设于所述CCD镜头701上;温度采集系统8用于获取焊接区的温度参数以实现功率控制;其中,红外温度采集模块801可以为常见的红外温度仪,其通过导线与温度传感器电连接;其中,本实施例中的红外温度采集模块801的温度传感器的采集范围为200-800℃以保证检测效果;温度信号处理模块802用于对温度数据进行放大、模数转化等处理,具体可以是温度信号采集卡。Specifically, a temperature acquisition system 8 is also included, and the temperature acquisition system 8 includes an infrared temperature acquisition module 801 and a temperature signal processing module 802, and the infrared temperature acquisition module 801, the temperature signal processing module 802 and the control module 5 are electrically connected in sequence, The temperature sensor of the infrared temperature acquisition module 801 is arranged on the CCD lens 701; the temperature acquisition system 8 is used to obtain the temperature parameters of the welding zone to realize power control; wherein the infrared temperature acquisition module 801 can be a common infrared thermometer , which is electrically connected to the temperature sensor through a wire; wherein, the acquisition range of the temperature sensor of the infrared temperature acquisition module 801 in this embodiment is 200-800°C to ensure the detection effect; the temperature signal processing module 802 is used to amplify the temperature data , analog-to-digital conversion and other processing, specifically it can be a temperature signal acquisition card.
具体的,还包括显示模块6,所述显示模块6与控制模块5电连接,用于显示视觉系统7获取的视觉数据,也可以显示设置参数、焊接轨迹和焊接温度等。Specifically, it also includes a display module 6, which is electrically connected to the control module 5, and is used to display the visual data acquired by the visual system 7, and can also display setting parameters, welding trajectory and welding temperature, etc.
以上所述,仅为本发明的说明实施例,并非对本发明任何形式上和实质上的限制,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明方法的前提下,做出的若干改进和补充也应视为本发明的保护范围;凡熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下,利用以上所揭示的技术内容做出的些许更改、修饰与演变的等同变化,均为本发明的等效实施例;同时,凡依据本发明的实质技术对上述实施例所做的任何等同变化的更改、修饰与演变,均仍属于本发明的保护范围。The above is only an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any form and in essence. Several improvements and supplements should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention; those who are familiar with this profession can use the technical content disclosed above to make some changes, modifications and evolutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The equivalent changes are all equivalent embodiments of the present invention; at the same time, all changes, modifications and evolutions of any equivalent changes made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the substantive technology of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
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