CN110432054A - A kind of Moraceae ficus species ground long climing thick root seedling fostering method of fruit - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for cultivating ground fruit, long vine, and thick root seedlings of Moraceae Ficus, comprising the following steps: selecting a ground fruit seedling variety: selecting an edible rice ground fruit variety, which is characterized by the following: Slippery, few tumor spots on the leaf surface, brownish yellow, smooth surface, white pubescent, red primary adventitious roots, thick flesh layer, pink, tender, smooth, fragrant, sweet taste, seedling cultivation: seedling selection Method: Select a certain number of ground fruit sample points with contiguous growth and good growth in the field. This method can cultivate ground fruit to grow seedlings with long vines and strong roots, and there is no slow seedling period for transplanting, and the survival rate is high and intensive. Chemical seedlings greatly save the initial cost, effectively shorten the growth period of ground fruit seedlings from small seedlings to high yields, and significantly shorten the low-yield years of ground fruit seedlings. High yield and high efficiency lay a good foundation.

Description

A method for cultivating seedlings with long vines and thick roots of ground fruit of Moraceae Ficus

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating seedlings with long vines and thick roots of Moraceae Ficus plants.

Background technique

It is a perennial evergreen vine of the genus Moraceae and Ficus. It likes to be born in a moderately humid environment. Its aerial roots are in the shape of hairs. Its stems and vines grow on the ground or cling to trees. Strict, large coverage, long green period, no need for pruning, and trampling resistance, with good sand control and soil fixing effect; its fruit protein content is high, the composition of amino acids in protein is relatively reasonable, and it is also rich in dietary fiber, carotene , when ripe, the fragrance is fragrant, the fruit is sweet and fragrant like honey, fragrant and pleasant, it is a kind of nutritious fruit, the whole plant can be used as medicine, has the effect of dispelling wind and removing temperature, clearing the meridians and activating collaterals, the fruit is a combination of edible and medicinal It is a multi-purpose plant that integrates , greening, and ornamental. Li Jieyu et al.'s "Research on Domestication, Cultivation, Development and Utilization of Wild Sweet Potatoes", its cultivation techniques are (1) land selection and land preparation, (2) shading, (3) propagation methods : 1 cutting propagation, 2 layering propagation, (4) field management, (5) harvesting and processing, using this method can make wild ground fruit into the artificial cultivation and utilization mode, and can obtain a certain fruit yield and medicinal material yield, but the above background The ground fruit cultivated by technology is difficult to cultivate seedlings with long stems, thick roots and strong roots, and lay a good foundation for high yield and high efficiency.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects, and to provide a method for cultivating seedlings with long vines and thick roots of Moraceae Ficus, which is difficult to cultivate seedlings with long vines, long stems, thick roots, and high yield. The effect of efficiently laying a good foundation can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes: a method for cultivating seedlings with long vines and thick roots of Moraceae Ficus, comprising the following steps:

S1) Variety selection of ground fruit seedlings: Choose edible varieties of rice ground fruit, which are characterized by: green, smooth, few nodules on the leaf surface, brownish yellow, smooth surface, white pubescent, red primary adventitious roots, The pulp is thick, pink, tender, fragrant and sweet;

S2) Cultivation of seed seedlings:

1. Provenance seedling selection method, select a certain number of ground fruit samples with contiguous growth and good growth in the field, and at the fruit maturity stage, the first is the identification of leaf characteristics: select leaves that are green, smooth, and have few tumor spots on the leaf surface. The second is the identification of stolons: open the leaves of the selected plants and select the stolons with brownish yellow, smooth surface, white pubescent hairs, and red primary adventitious roots; the third is fruit identification: dig out The soil under the selected stolon, and the ground fruit on the stolon is selected as a plant with thick flesh layer, pink, tender, fragrant, and sweet taste, that is, it is determined as an edible rice ground fruit variety sample plant;

2. List and mark all the selected samples;

3. Remove all ground fruit stolons and weeds except all sample plants;

4. Remove all fruits on all sample plants;

5. Apply 2-5 times of compound fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements to all the sample plants and follow a certain water and fertilizer ratio to promote the robust growth of the sample plants;

S3) Establishment of original seed garden and original seedling cultivation Original seedling cultivation:

1. Selection of planting nursery site: choose sandy loam soil with sufficient sunshine, fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, and convenient transportation for planting nursery;

2. Site preparation: plough the selected nursery land from 1-2 months before the germination and growth of the ground fruit, the depth is 20-60cm, according to the width of the box 100-200cm, the width of the ditch 30-80cm, and the height of the box 15-50cm Dig trenches and ridges to form boxes, and carry out crushing and leveling of the soil on the box surface;

3. Sample plant transplanting:

(1) Seedling: After completing the preparation of the planting nursery, 5-30 days before the germination and growth of the ground fruit, on a sunny or cloudy day, the selected sample plants are dug up with their roots, bundled and framed, and sent to the seed immediately. Nursery planting sites;

(2) Open the planting ditch: open the ditch according to the width of the ditch 10-20cm, the depth of the ditch 5-20cm, and the spacing of the ditch 20-100cm along the length direction of the center line of the prepared cultivation box;

(3) Seedlings and treatment of the sample plant: cut the stolons of the sample plant according to the length of 10-20cm, and dipping the cutting mouth with the plant ash added with bactericide for disinfection treatment, and planting after the cutting mouth is dry;

(4) Planting: Place the stolons of the treated ground fruit-like seedlings along the extension direction of the ditch. When planting, straighten the stolons, place them along the top of one side of the ditch, and straighten the fibrous roots on the stolons and place them in the planting ditch. , and then block the soil section by section, bury the fibrous roots in the soil, and expose the stems to the soil surface;

4. Survival maintenance: water the root-fixing water immediately after planting the ground fruit-like seedlings, and in the next 20 days, spray water 2-5 times a day to ensure that the leaves and stolons do not lose water and wilt, which is conducive to rapid rejuvenation and survival;

5. Field management: After the sprouts germinate and the leaves are developed, they enter the active growth period. The field management includes:

(1) Fertilizer and water management: After 1-2 new leaves of the ground fruit seedlings are fully developed, use fresh grass to make fertilizer and water, add compound fertilizer and water, and dilute the fertilizer and water with water 50-300 times for watering, once every 5-7 days, each time 2000-5000 kg per acre;

(2) Stem and vine combing: In the elongation growth period of the stem and vine, the growth direction of the stem and vine of the ground fruit seedling is arranged, so that the stem and vine do not overlap, so as to promote the rooting of the ground;

(3) Weed removal: During the growth period, weeds in the cultivation box of the ground fruit should be removed at any time, so as not to compete with the ground fruit for glory, water and fertilizer, so as to ensure the rapid growth of the ground fruit seedlings;

(4) Prevention and control of pests and diseases: During the growth period of the original seedlings, timely chemical control of the occurrence of pests and diseases;

S4) Seedling cultivation site selection and site preparation:

1. Ditch and compartment: For the selected seedling cultivation site, the width of the compartment is 200-1000cm, and the length is determined according to the site, the width of the trench is 50-100cm, and the depth of the trench is 30-80cm, and the trench is divided into compartments;

2. Leveling of the car surface: shovel high, fill low and compact and level the car surface;

S5) Laying ground cloth: For the flat compartments and trenches, cover and lay them with anti-aging ground cloth, and fasten them with wire buckles;

S6) Preparation of seedling matrix: It is prepared by mixing decomposed sawdust, fungus residue, chaff, chicken manure and a small amount of ternary compound fertilizer according to a certain proportion;

S7) Production and installation of seedling cultivation device: The seedling cultivation device is composed of umbrella-shaped rain shelter, support frame, cultivation container, hanging rope rod and hanging rope;

1. Production of umbrella-shaped canopy and support frame;

2. The production of the hanging rope rod: choose galvanized steel pipe with a diameter of 2-6cm and a length greater than the width between the two support columns, and perform symmetrical welding on the umbrella-shaped arc connecting rod according to a certain distance;

3. Sling production and installation: choose nylon rope, brown rope and hemp rope with a certain thickness, corresponding to the position of the ground fruit seedlings that need to be bound in the cultivation container. Bind the base of fruit seedlings;

4. The production of the cultivation container: the container is made of an aging-resistant plastic cultivation box with a length of 20-100cm, a width of 20-80cm and a height of 20-80cm;

S8) Establish water and fertilizer integration facilities:

1. Composition of integrated water and fertilizer facilities: it consists of power point, water source, pump, water storage tank, fertilizer distribution tank, transportation pipeline, control valve, drip irrigation pipe, and dripper;

2. Construction of integrated water and fertilizer facilities: Power supply point: Select the appropriate power supply according to the size of the nursery and the matching pump, and install the power point. Site, pumping pump: select the pumping pump according to the seedling scale, dosage, power supply and other conditions, select the storage tank: build the storage tank according to the seedling scale and water consumption, and build a fertilizer pool: build 1-3 fertilizer matching pools according to the seedling scale and the amount of fertilizer and water , Conveying pipeline: According to the amount of fertilizer and water to be transported, select the main and branch pipelines that can withstand a certain pressure, corresponding caliber, and anti-aging. Control valve: According to the fertilizer and water demand of the nursery site, the control valve of the main and branch pipes is reasonably arranged. The number of containers determines the size and length of the drip irrigation pipe, and each container is equipped with 1-4 drippers;

S9) Seedling planting:

1. Seedling: From the dormancy period to the germination period of the ground fruit, dig up the ground fruit seedlings in the original seed garden with the roots, and remove all the soil;

2. Transportation of seedlings: The ground fruit seedlings dug up are immediately transported to the cultivation site in batches, placed in a cool place, and sprayed for moisture;

3. Treatment of seedlings: Select ground fruit seedlings with stems and vines longer than 50cm, and wash the soil on stems and leaves with clean water;

4. Planting of seedlings: Fill 1/3-1/2 of the container with the prepared matrix before planting, embed the cleaned stems and vines of ground fruit seedlings into the transplanting clip, straighten out the root system and place it on the container, and then use the prepared The substrate is filled to be flush with the stem and vine, and the transplanting clip is taken out to complete the planting of seedlings;

5. Initial maintenance: after the ground fruit seedlings are planted, the substrate of the container is watered and sprayed for moisture throughout the day to promote the survival of the seedlings;

S10) Stolon Binding:

1. Binding period: the cultivation period of the ground fruit seedlings is from April to November, and the cultivation period is from 7 to 8 months: the ground fruit seedlings generally begin to sprout in late March and gradually enter the leaf-expanding stage. A certain number of lateral buds and Entering the vigorous growth period, the growth is slow in the high temperature and drought period, and the growth resumes after the temperature decreases, and enters the second growth peak.

2. Binding method: During the elongation and growth period of stems and vines, the stems and vines of ground fruit seedlings are gradually tied and fixed on the hanging rope with short ropes or other durable binding objects with the growth progress;

3. Binding the stems: when the height of the stems reaches the top of the sling, untie the stems and vines, coil the middle and lower 2/3 of the stems on the cultivation container, and bind the upper 1/3. On the sling, it continues to grow upward;

S11) Field management during the growing period:

1. Fertilizer and water management: After 1-2 new leaves of the ground fruit seedlings are fully developed, use fresh grass to make fertilizer and water, add compound fertilizer and water, and dilute the fertilizer and water with water 50-300 times for watering, once every 5-7 days, each time every 2000-5000 kilograms of watering per mu;

2. Weed removal: During the growth period, weeds in the container should be removed at any time, and no competition for glory, water, and fertilizer with the ground fruit, so as to ensure the rapid growth of ground fruit seedlings;

3. Prevention and control of pests and diseases: During the growth period of fruit seedlings in the original seedlings, timely chemical control of pests and diseases occurs;

S12) Removal of fruits: during the cultivation period, all the fruits attached to the stems and vines of the ground fruit are manually removed in the young fruit stage to promote the elongation and growth of the stems and vines;

S13) Field management during dormancy:

1. Disease prevention and leaf protection;

2. Removal of litter and diseased leaves in the garden: from December to February of the following year, during the dormant period of the ground fruit, all the fallen ground fruit leaves and diseased leaves are completely removed;

3. Pruning and shaping: Leave 1-3 stem nodes on the sprouting side stems on the stems of the ground fruit, and cut off the rest;

4. Fertilization: Use the organic liquid fertilizer made of oil cake retting to 50-500 times of water for irrigation, and apply 1000-5000 kg per mu.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the umbrella-shaped rain shelter includes an umbrella-shaped support column, an umbrella-shaped connecting support rod, an umbrella-shaped arc connecting rod, a film and a lamination line:

(1) Umbrella-shaped support column: choose galvanized steel pipe with a diameter of 2-10cm and a length of 200-500cm as the support column. According to the plan for placing the containers in the compartment, and the center line of the placement compartment, according to the spacing of 100-500cm. One end of the support column is fixed vertically in the soil of the cultivation box with concrete;

(2) Umbrella-shaped connecting support rod: choose a galvanized steel pipe with a diameter of 2-6cm and a length greater than the width of the carriage, which is divided into two sections, and the vertical symmetry with the installation line of the support column is carried out at a distance of 10-50cm from the top of the support column. Welding to ensure that the connecting rods welded on each support column are on the same plane;

(3) Umbrella arc connecting rod: choose a galvanized steel pipe with a diameter of 2-6 cm and a length greater than the end point of the support column and the arc length connecting the end points of the two ends of the support rod, and bend it into an arc shape;

(4) Film: choose an aging-resistant film with a width greater than the length of the umbrella-shaped arc connecting rod, and cover the film on the umbrella-shaped arc connecting rod;

(5) Lamination line: choose iron wire or rope with a certain strength, place it on the film, compress it and bind it to both ends of the connecting support rod.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effects that: the ground fruit can be cultivated to grow seedlings with long vines and strong roots, and there is no slow seedling period for transplanting, the survival rate is high, the seedlings are intensively raised, and the early stage cost is greatly saved, Effectively shorten the growth period of ground fruit seedlings from small seedlings to high yields, and significantly shorten the low-yield years of ground fruit seedlings. It is used for fruit cultivation. Because of the long stems and vines, the results in the same year and the number of results are large, which lays a good foundation for obtaining high yield and high efficiency.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; Embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for cultivating seedlings with long vines and thick roots of Moraceae Ficus, comprising the following steps:

S1) Variety selection of ground fruit seedlings: Choose edible varieties of rice ground fruit, which are characterized by: green, smooth, few nodules on the leaf surface, brownish yellow, smooth surface, white pubescent, red primary adventitious roots, The pulp is thick, pink, tender, fragrant and sweet;

S2) Cultivation of seed seedlings:

1. Provenance seedling selection method, select a certain number of ground fruit samples with contiguous growth and good growth in the field, and at the fruit maturity stage, the first is the identification of leaf characteristics: select leaves that are green, smooth, and have few tumor spots on the leaf surface. The second is the identification of stolons: open the leaves of the selected plants and select the stolons with brownish yellow, smooth surface, white pubescent hairs, and red primary adventitious roots; the third is fruit identification: dig out The soil under the selected stolon, and the ground fruit on the stolon is selected as a plant with thick flesh layer, pink, tender, fragrant, and sweet taste, that is, it is determined as an edible rice ground fruit variety sample plant;

2. List and mark all the selected samples;

3. Remove all ground fruit stolons and weeds except all sample plants;

4. Remove all fruits on all sample plants;

5. Apply compound fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements 5 times to all the sample plants and follow a certain water and fertilizer ratio to promote the robust growth of the sample plants;

S3) Establishment of original seed garden and original seedling cultivation Original seedling cultivation:

1. Selection of planting nursery site: choose sandy loam soil with sufficient sunshine, fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, and convenient transportation for planting nursery;

2. Site preparation: plough the selected nursery land two months before the germination and growth of the ground fruit, with a depth of 60cm, ditch and ridge as the box width is 200cm, the ditch width is 80cm, and the box height is 50cm, and the soil on the box surface is ditched. soil leveling;

3. Sample plant transplanting:

(1) Seedlings: After completing the planting nursery site preparation, 30 days before the germination and growth of the ground fruit, the selected sample plants are dug up with their roots on a sunny or cloudy day, bundled and framed, and immediately sent to the seed nursery for planting site;

(2) Open the planting ditch: open the ditch according to the width of the ditch 20cm, the depth of the ditch 20cm, and the spacing of the ditch 100cm along the length direction of the center line of the prepared cultivation box;

(3) Seedling separation and treatment of the sample plant: The stolons of the sample plant are cut according to the length of 20cm, and the cuttings are dipped in the plant ash added with fungicides for disinfection treatment, and the cuttings can be planted after drying;

(4) Planting: Place the stolons of the treated ground fruit-like seedlings along the extension direction of the ditch. When planting, straighten the stolons, place them along the top of one side of the ditch, and straighten the fibrous roots on the stolons and place them in the planting ditch. , and then block the soil section by section, bury the fibrous roots in the soil, and expose the stems to the soil surface;

4. Survival maintenance: water the root-fixing water immediately after planting the ground fruit-like seedlings, and in the next 20 days, spray water 5 times a day to ensure that the leaves and stolons do not lose water and wilt, which is conducive to rapid rejuvenation and survival;

5. Field management: After the sprouts germinate and the leaves are developed, they enter the active growth period. The field management includes:

(1) Fertilizer and water management: After the two new leaves of the ground fruit seedlings are fully developed, use fresh grass to make fertilizer and water, add compound fertilizer and water, and dilute the fertilizer and water 300 times with water for watering, once every 7 days, and 5000 kg per mu each time. ;

(2) Stem and vine combing: In the elongation growth period of the stem and vine, the growth direction of the stem and vine of the ground fruit seedling is arranged, so that the stem and vine do not overlap, so as to promote the rooting of the ground;

(3) Weed removal: During the growth period, weeds in the cultivation box of the ground fruit should be removed at any time, so as not to compete with the ground fruit for glory, water and fertilizer, so as to ensure the rapid growth of the ground fruit seedlings;

(4) Prevention and control of pests and diseases: During the growth period of the original seedlings, timely chemical control of the occurrence of pests and diseases;

S4) Seedling cultivation site selection and site preparation:

1. Ditch and compartment: For the selected seedling cultivation site, the width of the compartment is 1000cm, and the length is determined according to the site. The width of the trench is 100cm and the depth of the trench is 80cm, and the trench is divided into compartments;

2. Leveling of the car surface: shovel high, fill low and compact and level the car surface;

S5) Laying ground cloth: For the flat compartments and trenches, cover and lay them with anti-aging ground cloth, and fasten them with wire buckles;

S6) Preparation of seedling matrix: It is prepared by mixing decomposed sawdust, fungus residue, chaff, chicken manure and a small amount of ternary compound fertilizer according to a certain proportion;

S7) Production and installation of seedling cultivation device: The seedling cultivation device is composed of umbrella-shaped rain shelter, support frame, cultivation container, hanging rope rod and hanging rope;

1. The production of umbrella-shaped rain shelter and support frame, umbrella-shaped rain shelter includes umbrella-shaped support column, umbrella-shaped connecting support rod, umbrella-shaped arc connecting rod, film and lamination line:

(1) Umbrella-shaped support column: choose a galvanized steel pipe with a diameter of 10cm and a length of 500cm as the support column. According to the plan for placing the container in the compartment, and the center line of the placing compartment, one end of the support column is made of concrete at a distance of 500cm. Fixed vertically in the soil of the cultivation box;

(2) Umbrella-shaped connecting support rod: choose a galvanized steel pipe with a diameter of 6cm and a length greater than the width of the box, and divide it into two sections. At the point 50cm away from the top of the support column, perform vertical symmetrical welding on the installation line of the support column to ensure that each The connecting rods welded on the root support column are on the same plane;

(3) Umbrella-shaped arc connecting rod: choose a galvanized steel pipe with a diameter of 6cm and a length greater than the end point of the support column and the arc length connecting the end points of the two ends of the support rod, and bend it into an arc shape;

(4) Film: choose an aging-resistant film with a width greater than the length of the umbrella-shaped arc connecting rod, and cover the film on the umbrella-shaped arc connecting rod;

(5) Lamination line: choose iron wire or rope with a certain strength, place it on the film, compress it and bind it to both ends of the connecting support rod;

2. The production of the hanging rope rod: choose galvanized steel pipe with a diameter of 6cm and a length greater than the width between the two support columns, and perform symmetrical welding on the umbrella-shaped arc connecting rod according to a certain distance;

3. Sling production and installation: choose nylon rope, brown rope and hemp rope with a certain thickness, corresponding to the position of the ground fruit seedlings that need to be bound in the cultivation container. Bind the base of fruit seedlings;

4. The production of the cultivation container: the container is made of an aging-resistant plastic cultivation box with a length of 100cm, a width of 80cm and a height of 80cm;

S8) Establish water and fertilizer integration facilities:

1. Composition of integrated water and fertilizer facilities: it consists of power point, water source, pump, water storage tank, fertilizer distribution tank, transportation pipeline, control valve, drip irrigation pipe, and dripper;

2. Construction of integrated water and fertilizer facilities: Power supply point: Select a suitable power supply according to the size of the nursery and the matching pump, and install the power point. Site, water pump: choose the water pump according to the seedling scale, dosage, power supply and other conditions Pipeline: According to the amount of fertilizer and water to be transported, choose the main and branch pipes that can withstand a certain pressure, corresponding diameters and are resistant to aging. Control valve: According to the fertilizer and water demand of the nursery site, the control valve of the main pipe and branch pipe is reasonably arranged. Drip irrigation pipe: According to the number of nursery containers Determine the size and length of the drip irrigation pipe, and install 4 drippers per container;

S9) Seedling planting:

1. Seedling: From the dormancy period to the germination period of the ground fruit, dig up the ground fruit seedlings in the original seed garden with the roots, and remove all the soil;

2. Transportation of seedlings: The ground fruit seedlings dug up are immediately transported to the cultivation site in batches, placed in a cool place, and sprayed for moisture;

3. Treatment of seedlings: Select ground fruit seedlings with stems and vines longer than 50cm, and wash the soil on stems and leaves with clean water;

4. Planting of seedlings: Fill 1/2 of the container with the prepared matrix before planting, embed the cleaned stems and vines of the ground fruit seedlings into the transplanting clip, straighten the root system and place it on the container, and then fill it with the prepared matrix to the same level. When the stems and vines are flush, take out the transplanting clip to complete the planting of seedlings;

5. Initial maintenance: after the ground fruit seedlings are planted, the substrate of the container is watered and sprayed for moisture throughout the day to promote the survival of the seedlings;

S10) Stolon Binding:

1. Binding period: the cultivation period of the ground fruit seedlings is from April to November, and the cultivation period is from 7 to 8 months: the ground fruit seedlings generally begin to sprout in late March and gradually enter the leaf-expanding stage. A certain number of lateral buds and Entering the vigorous growth period, the growth is slow in the high temperature and drought period, and the growth is resumed after the temperature drops, and it enters the second growth peak.

2. Binding method: During the elongation and growth period of stems and vines, the stems and vines of ground fruit seedlings are gradually tied and fixed on the hanging rope with short ropes or other durable binding objects with the growth progress;

3. Binding the stems: when the height of the stems reaches the top of the sling, untie the stems and vines, coil the middle and lower 2/3 of the stems on the cultivation container, and bind the upper 1/3. On the sling, it continues to grow upward;

S11) Field management during the growing period:

1. Fertilizer and water management: After the 2 new leaves of the ground fruit seedlings are fully developed, use fresh grass to make fertilizer and water, add compound fertilizer and water, and dilute the fertilizer and water 300 times with water for watering, once every 7 days, and 5000 kg per mu each time;

2. Weed removal: During the growth period, weeds in the container should be removed at any time, and no competition for glory, water, and fertilizer with the ground fruit, so as to ensure the rapid growth of ground fruit seedlings;

3. Prevention and control of pests and diseases: During the growth period of fruit seedlings in the original seedlings, timely chemical control of pests and diseases occurs;

S12) Removal of fruits: during the cultivation period, all the fruits attached to the stems and vines of the ground fruit are manually removed in the young fruit stage to promote the elongation and growth of the stems and vines;

S13) Field management during dormancy:

1. Disease prevention and leaf protection;

2. Removal of litter and diseased leaves in the garden: from December to February of the following year, during the dormant period of the ground fruit, all the fallen ground fruit leaves and diseased leaves are completely removed;

3. Pruning and shaping: Leave 3 stem nodes on the germinating lateral stem on the stem of the ground fruit, and cut off the rest;

4. Fertilization: The organic liquid fertilizer made of oil cake retting is irrigated by 500 times of water, and 5000 kg per mu is irrigated.

The advantages of the invention: the ground fruit can be cultivated into seedlings with long vines and strong roots, there is no slow seedling period for transplanting, the survival rate is high, the seedlings are intensively raised, the initial cost is greatly saved, and the ground fruit seedlings are effectively shortened from small seedlings to high-yield ones. In the growth period, the low-yield life of ground fruit seedlings is significantly shortened, and it is used for fruit cultivation. Because the stems and vines are long, the results are in the same year and the number of results is large, which lays a good foundation for high yield and high efficiency.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, and substitutions can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the invention and modifications, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (2)

1. a method for cultivating Morusaceae Ficus ground fruit long vine thick root seedlings, is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps: S1) Variety selection of ground fruit seedlings: Choose edible varieties of rice ground fruit, which are characterized by: green, smooth, few nodules on the leaf surface, brownish yellow, smooth surface, white pubescent, red primary adventitious roots, The pulp is thick, pink, tender, fragrant and sweet; S2) Cultivation of seed seedlings: 1. Provenance seedling selection method, select a certain number of ground fruit samples with contiguous growth and good growth in the field, and at the maturity stage of the fruit, the first is the identification of leaf characteristics: select leaves that are green, smooth, and have few tumor spots on the leaf surface. The second is the identification of stolons: open the leaves of the selected plants and select the stolons with brownish yellow, smooth surface, white pubescent hairs, and red primary adventitious roots; the third is fruit identification: dig out The soil under the selected stolon, and the ground fruit on the stolon is selected as a plant with thick flesh layer, pink, tender, fragrant, and sweet taste, that is, it is determined as an edible rice ground fruit variety sample plant; 2. List and mark all the selected samples; 3. Remove all ground fruit stolons and weeds except all sample plants; 4. Remove all fruits on all sample plants; 5. Apply 2-5 times of compound fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements to all the sample plants and follow a certain water and fertilizer ratio to promote the robust growth of the sample plants; S3) Establishment of original seed garden and original seedling cultivation Original seedling cultivation: 1. Selection of planting nursery site: choose sandy loam soil with sufficient sunshine, fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, and convenient transportation for planting nursery; 2. Site preparation: plough the selected nursery land from 1-2 months before the germination and growth of the ground fruit, the depth is 20-60cm, according to the width of the box 100-200cm, the width of the ditch 30-80cm, and the height of the box 15-50cm Dig trenches and ridges to form boxes, and carry out crushing and leveling of the soil on the box surface; 3. Sample plant transplanting: (1) Seedling: After completing the preparation of the planting nursery, 5-30 days before the germination and growth of the ground fruit, on a sunny or cloudy day, the selected sample plants are dug up with their roots, bundled and framed, and sent to the seed immediately. Nursery planting sites; (2) Open the planting ditch: open the ditch according to the width of the ditch 10-20cm, the depth of the ditch 5-20cm, and the spacing of the ditch 20-100cm along the length direction of the center line of the prepared cultivation box; (3) Seedlings and treatment of the sample plant: cut the stolons of the sample plant according to the length of 10-20cm, and dipping the cutting mouth with the plant ash added with bactericide for disinfection treatment, and planting after the cutting mouth is dry; (4) Planting: Place the stolons of the treated ground fruit-like seedlings along the extension direction of the ditch. When planting, straighten the stolons, place them along the top of one side of the ditch, and straighten the fibrous roots on the stolons and place them in the planting ditch. , and then block the soil section by section, bury the fibrous roots in the soil, and expose the stems to the soil surface; 4. Survival maintenance: water the root-fixing water immediately after planting the ground fruit-like seedlings, and in the next 20 days, spray water 2-5 times a day to ensure that the leaves and stolons do not lose water and wilt, which is conducive to rapid rejuvenation and survival; 5. Field management: After the sprouts germinate and the leaves are developed, they enter the active growth period. The field management includes: (1) Fertilizer and water management: After 1-2 new leaves of the ground fruit seedlings are fully developed, use fresh grass to make fertilizer and water, add compound fertilizer and water, and dilute the fertilizer and water with water 50-300 times for watering, once every 5-7 days, each time 2000-5000 kg per acre; (2) Stem and vine combing: In the elongation growth period of the stem and vine, the growth direction of the stem and vine of the ground fruit seedling is arranged, so that the stem and vine do not overlap, so as to promote the rooting of the ground; (3) Weed removal: During the growth period, weeds in the cultivation box of the ground fruit should be removed at any time, so as not to compete with the ground fruit for glory, water and fertilizer, so as to ensure the rapid growth of the ground fruit seedlings; (4) Prevention and control of pests and diseases: During the growth period of the original seedlings, timely chemical control of the occurrence of pests and diseases; S4) Seedling cultivation site selection and site preparation: 1. Ditch and compartment: For the selected seedling cultivation site, the width of the compartment is 200-1000cm, and the length is determined according to the site, the width of the trench is 50-100cm, and the depth of the trench is 30-80cm, and the trench is divided into compartments; 2. Leveling of the car surface: shovel high, fill low and compact and level the car surface; S5) Laying ground cloth: For the flat compartments and trenches, cover and lay them with anti-aging ground cloth, and fasten them with wire buckles; S6) Preparation of seedling matrix: It is prepared by mixing decomposed sawdust, fungus residue, chaff, chicken manure and a small amount of ternary compound fertilizer according to a certain proportion; S7) Production and installation of seedling cultivation device: The seedling cultivation device is composed of umbrella-shaped rain shelter, support frame, cultivation container, hanging rope rod and hanging rope; 1. Production of umbrella-shaped canopy and support frame; 2. The production of the hanging rope rod: choose galvanized steel pipe with a diameter of 2-6cm and a length greater than the width between the two support columns, and perform symmetrical welding on the umbrella-shaped arc connecting rod according to a certain distance; 3. Sling production and installation: choose nylon rope, brown rope and hemp rope with a certain thickness, corresponding to the position of the ground fruit seedlings that need to be bound in the cultivation container. Bind the base of fruit seedlings; 4. The production of the cultivation container: the container is made of an aging-resistant plastic cultivation box with a length of 20-100cm, a width of 20-80cm and a height of 20-80cm; S8) Establish water and fertilizer integration facilities: 1. Composition of integrated water and fertilizer facilities: it consists of power point, water source, pump, water storage tank, fertilizer distribution tank, transportation pipeline, control valve, drip irrigation pipe, and dripper; 2. Construction of integrated water and fertilizer facilities: Power supply point: Select a suitable power supply according to the size of the nursery and the matching pump, and install the power point. Site, pumping pump: select the pumping pump according to the seedling scale, dosage, power supply and other conditions, select the storage tank: build a storage tank according to the seedling scale and water consumption, and build a fertilizer pool: build 1-3 fertilizer pools according to the seedling scale and the amount of fertilizer and water , Conveying pipeline: According to the amount of fertilizer and water to be transported, select the main and branch pipelines that can withstand a certain pressure, corresponding caliber, and anti-aging. Control valve: According to the fertilizer and water demand of the nursery site, the control valve of the main and branch pipes is reasonably arranged. The number of containers determines the size and length of the drip irrigation pipe, and each container is equipped with 1-4 drippers; S9) Seedling planting: 1. Seedling: From the dormancy period to the germination period of the ground fruit, dig up the ground fruit seedlings in the original seed garden with the roots, and remove all the soil; 2. Transportation of seedlings: The ground fruit seedlings dug up are immediately transported to the cultivation site in batches, placed in a cool place, and sprayed for moisture; 3. Treatment of seedlings: Select ground fruit seedlings with stems and vines longer than 50cm, and wash the soil on stems and leaves with clean water; 4. Planting of seedlings: Fill 1/3-1/2 of the container with the prepared matrix before planting, embed the cleaned stems and vines of ground fruit seedlings into the transplanting clip, straighten out the root system and place it on the container, and then use the prepared The substrate is filled to be flush with the stem and vine, and the transplanting clip is taken out to complete the planting of seedlings; 5. Initial maintenance: after the ground fruit seedlings are planted, the substrate of the container is watered and sprayed for moisture throughout the day to promote the survival of the seedlings; S10) Stolon Binding: 1. Binding period: the cultivation period of the ground fruit seedlings is from April to November, and the cultivation period is from 7 to 8 months: the ground fruit seedlings generally begin to sprout in late March and gradually enter the leaf-expanding stage. A certain number of lateral buds and Entering the vigorous growth period, the growth is slow in the high temperature and drought period, and the growth resumes after the temperature decreases, and enters the second growth peak. 2. Binding method: During the elongation and growth period of stems and vines, the stems and vines of ground fruit seedlings are gradually tied and fixed on the hanging rope with short ropes or other durable binding objects with the growth progress; 3. Binding the stems: when the height of the stems reaches the top of the sling, untie the stems and vines, coil the middle and lower 2/3 of the stems on the cultivation container, and bind the upper 1/3. On the sling, it continues to grow upward; S11) Field management during the growing period: 1. Fertilizer and water management: After 1-2 new leaves of the ground fruit seedlings are fully developed, use fresh grass to make fertilizer and water, add compound fertilizer and water, and dilute the fertilizer and water with water 50-300 times for watering, once every 5-7 days, each time every 2000-5000 kilograms of watering per mu; 2. Weed removal: During the growth period, weeds in the container should be removed at any time, and no competition for glory, water, and fertilizer with the ground fruit, so as to ensure the rapid growth of ground fruit seedlings; 3. Prevention and control of pests and diseases: During the growth period of fruit seedlings in the original seedlings, timely chemical control of pests and diseases occurs; S12) Removal of fruits: during the cultivation period, all the fruits attached to the stems and vines of the ground fruit are manually removed in the young fruit stage to promote the elongation and growth of the stems and vines; S13) Field management during dormancy: 1. Disease prevention and leaf protection; 2. Removal of litter and diseased leaves in the garden: from December to February of the following year, during the dormant period of the ground fruit, all the fallen ground fruit leaves and diseased leaves are completely removed; 3. Pruning and shaping: Leave 1-3 stem nodes on the sprouting side stems on the stems of the ground fruit, and cut off the rest; 4. Fertilization: Use the organic liquid fertilizer made of oil cake retting to 50-500 times of water for irrigation, and apply 1000-5000 kg per mu. 2. a kind of Moraceae Ficus plant ground fruit long vine thick root seedling cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described umbrella-shaped rain shelter comprises umbrella-shaped support column, umbrella-shaped connection support rod , Umbrella arc connecting rod, film and lamination line: (1) Umbrella-shaped support column: choose galvanized steel pipe with a diameter of 2-10cm and a length of 200-500cm as the support column. According to the plan for placing the containers in the compartment, and the center line of the placement compartment, according to the spacing of 100-500cm. One end of the support column is fixed vertically in the soil of the cultivation box with concrete; (2) Umbrella-shaped connecting support rod: choose a galvanized steel pipe with a diameter of 2-6cm and a length greater than the width of the carriage, which is divided into two sections, and the vertical symmetry with the installation line of the support column is carried out at a distance of 10-50cm from the top of the support column. Welding to ensure that the connecting rods welded on each support column are on the same plane; (3) Umbrella arc connecting rod: choose a galvanized steel pipe with a diameter of 2-6 cm and a length greater than the end point of the support column and the arc length connecting the end points of the two ends of the support rod, and bend it into an arc shape; (4) Film: choose an aging-resistant film with a width greater than the length of the umbrella-shaped arc connecting rod, and cover the film on the umbrella-shaped arc connecting rod; (5) Lamination line: choose iron wire or rope with a certain strength, place it on the film, compress it and bind it to both ends of the connecting support rod.