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CN110421168B - A kind of lattice structure reinforced composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of lattice structure reinforced composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN110421168B
CN110421168B CN201910776016.4A CN201910776016A CN110421168B CN 110421168 B CN110421168 B CN 110421168B CN 201910776016 A CN201910776016 A CN 201910776016A CN 110421168 B CN110421168 B CN 110421168B
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lattice structure
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CN110421168A (en
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刘长猛
沙昊
陈成
马树元
卢继平
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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    • B22F10/20Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
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    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种点阵结构增强复合材料及其制备方法,属于金属复合材料技术领域。本发明提供的点阵结构增强复合材料包括基体相和增强相,所述增强相呈点阵结构嵌入到所述基体相中。点阵结构是一种规则排列的空间桁架结构,本发明将具有点阵结构的增强相嵌入到基体相中,使复合材料具有性能优异且各向同性的特点。实施例的数据表明:本发明提供的点阵结构增强复合材料的室温抗拉强度为800~1100MPa,室温延伸率为4~6%。

Figure 201910776016

The invention provides a lattice structure reinforced composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of metal composite materials. The lattice structure reinforced composite material provided by the present invention includes a matrix phase and a reinforcement phase, and the reinforcement phase is embedded in the matrix phase in a lattice structure. The lattice structure is a regularly arranged space truss structure, and the invention embeds the reinforcing phase with the lattice structure into the matrix phase, so that the composite material has the characteristics of excellent performance and isotropy. The data of the examples show that the tensile strength at room temperature of the lattice structure reinforced composite material provided by the present invention is 800-1100 MPa, and the elongation at room temperature is 4-6%.

Figure 201910776016

Description

Lattice structure reinforced composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal composite materials, in particular to a lattice structure reinforced composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The material compounding is an important direction for the research and development of new materials. The metal composite material is a novel material formed by combining different metal materials through a composite process, not only can retain the main characteristics of the original component material, but also can mutually supplement the performances of all the components through material design and associate and cooperate with each other, thereby obtaining superior performances which cannot be compared with the original component material. At present, metal matrix composite materials are mainly classified into three types: layered metal composites, fiber reinforced/toughened metal composites, and particle reinforced/toughened metal composites. Compared with particle reinforced/toughened metal composite materials, layered and fiber reinforced metal composite materials have more excellent mechanical properties, but have anisotropy. The performance is excellent in the layered or fiber parallel direction, but the reinforced interface is easy to crack in the vertical direction and the performance is poor. Therefore, the anisotropy limits its application to some extent.
Therefore, it is a trend to provide a metal composite material having isotropy and excellent properties.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a lattice structure reinforced composite material and a preparation method thereof. The lattice structure reinforced composite material provided by the invention has the advantages that the reinforced phase is embedded into the matrix phase in a lattice structure, so that the composite material has the characteristics of excellent performance and isotropy.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a lattice structure reinforced composite material which comprises a matrix phase and a reinforcing phase, wherein the reinforcing phase is embedded into the matrix phase in a lattice structure.
Preferably, the volume of the reinforcing phase is 10-30% of the total volume of the lattice structure reinforced composite material.
Preferably, the lattice structure is cuboidal.
Preferably, the material of the matrix phase is TiAl alloy or TC11 alloy; the material of the reinforcing phase is TiAl alloy or TC11 alloy; the matrix phase and the reinforcing phase are made of different materials.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the lattice structure reinforced composite material, which comprises the following steps:
and adopting a 3D printing technology to perform laser melting on the metal powder of the matrix phase and the reinforcing phase to obtain the lattice structure reinforced composite material.
Preferably, when the metal powder of the matrix phase or the reinforcing phase is a TC11 alloy, the process parameters of the laser melting include: the laser power is 200-400W, the scanning speed is 100-200 mm/min, the layer height is 50-100 μm, and the scanning distance is 100-200 μm.
Preferably, when the metal powder of the matrix phase or the reinforcing phase is a TiAl alloy, the process parameters of the laser melting include: the laser power is 300-400W, the scanning speed is 200-400 mm/min, the layer height is 50-100 μm, and the scanning distance is 100-300 μm.
Preferably, the temperature of the metal powder is 100-400 ℃.
Preferably, the particle size of the metal powder is 30 to 100 μm.
The invention provides a lattice structure reinforced composite material which comprises a matrix phase and a reinforcing phase, wherein the reinforcing phase is embedded into the matrix phase in a lattice structure. The lattice structure is a regularly arranged space truss structure, and the reinforcing phase with the lattice structure is embedded into the matrix phase, so that the composite material has the characteristics of excellent performance and isotropy. The data of the examples show that: the tensile strength at room temperature of the lattice structure reinforced composite material is 800-1100 MPa, and the elongation at room temperature is 4-6%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the lattice structure reinforced composite material in the technical scheme, the lattice structure reinforced composite material is overlapped layer by layer through a 3D printing technology, the lattice structure reinforced composite material with any structure and shape can be formed at one time, and the production efficiency is high; further, by controlling the temperature of the metal powder, the residual stress of the lattice structure reinforced composite material can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cubic lattice structure;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a process for making a cubic reinforcing phase embedded matrix phase composite;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a lattice-structured reinforced composite material obtained in example 1, wherein 1 is a matrix phase and 2 is a reinforcing phase;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the lattice-structured reinforced composite material obtained in example 1, wherein 1 is a matrix phase and 2 is a reinforcing phase.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a lattice structure reinforced composite material which comprises a matrix phase and a reinforcing phase, wherein the reinforcing phase is embedded into the matrix phase in a lattice structure.
In the present invention, the material of the matrix phase is preferably a TiAl alloy or a TC11 alloy; the material of the reinforcing phase is preferably TiAl alloy or TC11 alloy; the matrix phase and the reinforcing phase are made of different materials; that is, when the matrix phase of the lattice structure reinforced composite material is a TiAl alloy, the reinforcing phase is a TC11 alloy, which can enhance toughness; when the matrix phase of the lattice structure reinforced composite material is TC11 alloy, the reinforcing phase is TiAl alloy, and the matrix phase can enhance the strength.
In the invention, the volume of the reinforcing phase is preferably 10 to 30%, more preferably 15 to 25%, and still more preferably 20% of the total volume of the lattice structure reinforced composite material. In the invention, the volume of the reinforcing phase is controlled to be 10-30% of the total volume of the lattice structure reinforced composite material, so that the excellent comprehensive mechanical property of the material can be ensured, when the volume fraction is less than 10%, the reinforcing or toughening effect is difficult to embody, and when the volume fraction exceeds 30%, the content of the reinforcing or toughening phase is too much, the phenomenon of embrittlement or softening of the material can occur, so that the comprehensive mechanical property is reduced.
In the present invention, the lattice structure is preferably cubic. In the present invention, a schematic diagram of the cubic lattice structure is shown in FIG. 1.
In the invention, the lattice structure is a regularly arranged space truss structure, and the relative layered fiber structure of the lattice structure has the characteristic of isotropy; according to the invention, the reinforced phase is embedded into the matrix phase in a lattice structure, so that the lattice structure reinforced composite material has the characteristics of excellent performance and isotropy.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the lattice structure reinforced composite material, which comprises the following steps:
and adopting a 3D printing technology to perform laser melting on the metal powder of the matrix phase and the reinforcing phase to obtain the lattice structure reinforced composite material.
In the present invention, before the metal powders of the matrix phase and the reinforcing phase are laser-melted, the STL file is preferably derived according to the structure of the lattice structure reinforced composite material, and the specific steps are preferably as follows:
designing a CAD model of the lattice structure reinforced composite material by adopting three-dimensional modeling software, processing the model by using slicing software to obtain STL files, generating 2 STL files by using a matrix phase region and an enhancement phase region corresponding to each layer, and importing the obtained STL files into 3D printing equipment.
In the invention, the three-dimensional modeling software is preferably Pro/Engineer or Solidworks.
In the present invention, the 3D printing device is preferably a selective laser melting rapid prototyping device.
In the present invention, when the metal powder of the matrix phase or the reinforcing phase is TC11 alloy, the process parameters of the laser melting preferably include: the laser power is preferably 200-400W, the scanning speed is preferably 100-200 mm/min, the layer height is preferably 50-100 μm, and the scanning interval is preferably 100-200 μm.
In the present invention, when the metal powder of the matrix phase or the reinforcing phase is a TiAl alloy, the process parameters of the laser melting preferably include: the laser power is preferably 300-400W, the scanning speed is preferably 200400mm/min, the layer height is preferably 50-100 μm, and the scanning interval is preferably 100-300 μm.
In the invention, the particle size of the metal powder is preferably 30-100 μm; the temperature of the metal powder is preferably 100-400 ℃. The temperature of the metal powder is controlled to be 100-400 ℃, and the residual stress of the formed part can be reduced.
In the present invention, in combination with a selective laser melting rapid prototyping device, the preparation method of the lattice structure reinforced composite material preferably comprises the following steps:
(1) designing a CAD model of the composite material by adopting three-dimensional modeling software, processing the model by using slicing software to obtain STL files, generating 2 STL files by using a matrix phase region and an enhancement phase region corresponding to each layer, and then importing the obtained STL files into selective laser melting rapid prototyping equipment;
(2) determining the technological parameters of laser melting according to the types of the metal powder of the matrix phase and the reinforcing phase;
(3) respectively filling the heated matrix phase metal powder and the heated enhancement phase metal powder into different powder spreading grooves;
(4) descending a workbench of the selective laser melting rapid forming equipment by a working height, moving a powder feeding mechanism along a guide rail, flatly laying matrix phase metal powder on the workbench, and carrying out laser melting according to the profile information of a matrix phase region under the environment of inert gas protection to form a corresponding shape;
(5) recovering the matrix phase metal powder by using an adsorption device, keeping the height of a working table unchanged, then flatly laying the reinforcement phase metal powder on the working table, and carrying out laser melting according to the profile information of the reinforcement phase under the environment of inert gas protection to form a corresponding shape to form a layer 1 section of the lattice structure reinforced composite material;
(6) and (5) recovering the reinforcing phase metal powder by using an adsorption device, repeating the steps (4) to (5), and performing laser melting layer by layer until the whole material is formed to obtain the lattice structure reinforced composite material.
The lattice reinforced composite material with any structure and shape can be formed at one time by superposing layer by layer through a 3D printing technology, and the production efficiency is high.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a process for making a cubic reinforcing phase embedded matrix phase composite; sequentially laser melting a matrix phase region and a reinforced phase region to obtain a 1 st layer section of the lattice structure reinforced composite material; and then sequentially melting the matrix phase region and the reinforced phase region by laser to obtain the 2 nd layer section of the lattice structure reinforced composite material, and so on to obtain the final lattice structure reinforced composite material.
The lattice structure reinforced composite material and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The lattice structure reinforced composite material takes TC11 alloy as a reinforcing phase and can enhance toughness, the TiAl alloy is taken as a matrix phase, the toughening phase is embedded into the matrix phase in a cubic lattice structure, and the volume of the reinforcing phase is 20% of the total volume of the lattice structure reinforced composite material; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) designing a CAD model of the lattice structure reinforced composite material by using Pro/Engineer three-dimensional modeling software, processing the model by using slice software to obtain STL files, generating 2 STL files by using a matrix phase region and a reinforced phase region corresponding to each layer, and then importing the obtained STL files into selective laser melting rapid forming equipment;
(2) determining laser melting process parameters of TC11 alloy powder and TiAl alloy powder; the laser melting process parameters of the TC11 alloy powder are as follows: the laser power is 200W, the scanning speed is 200mm/min, the layer height is 100 μm, and the scanning interval is 200 μm; the laser melting process parameters of the TiAl alloy powder comprise: the laser power is 300W, the scanning speed is 300mm/min, the layer height is 100 μm, and the scanning interval is 200 μm;
(3) heating the metal powder of the matrix phase and the metal powder of the reinforcing phase to 200 ℃, and respectively filling the metal powder into different powder paving grooves;
(4) lowering a workbench of the selective laser melting rapid forming equipment by 0.1mm, moving a powder feeding mechanism along a guide rail, and flatly paving TiAl alloy powder on the workbench; scanning the TiAl alloy powder by a laser according to the laser melting process parameters determined in the step (2) under the argon protection environment, and melting the metal powder in the corresponding profile of the substrate to form a shape corresponding to the TiAl alloy;
(5) recovering TiAl alloy powder by using an adsorption device, keeping the height of a working table unchanged, then flatly paving TC11 alloy powder on the working table, scanning according to the outline information of a reinforced phase under the environment of argon protection to form a corresponding shape of a TC11 alloy, and forming a 1 st layer section of the lattice structure reinforced composite material;
(6) and (5) recovering the TC11 alloy powder by using an adsorption device, repeating the steps (4) to (5), and scanning layer by layer until the whole material is formed to obtain the lattice structure reinforced composite material.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the lattice structure reinforced composite material obtained in this embodiment, wherein 1 is a matrix phase, and 2 is a reinforcing phase.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the lattice-structured reinforced composite material obtained in the present example at various positions, wherein a is a sectional view taken along a-a, and b is a sectional view taken along b-b.
The tensile strength at room temperature of the lattice structure reinforced composite material obtained in the embodiment is 800MPa, and the elongation at room temperature is 4%; the tensile strength at the high temperature of 850 ℃ is 400MPa, and the elongation is 12 percent.
TiAl alloys have low density, high modulus and excellent high temperature strength, creep resistance, oxidation resistance and flame retardant properties and are therefore considered to be the most promising high temperature structural materials. However, the application of the composite material is severely restricted by the low room temperature ductility, and the room temperature ductility can be improved on the basis of keeping the original characteristics of the TiAl-based alloy by using the TC11 alloy as a reinforcing phase and combining with the TiAl alloy to manufacture the lattice reinforced composite material; meanwhile, the TC11 alloy is embedded into the TiAl alloy in a lattice structure mode, so that the composite material has isotropy.
Example 2
The lattice structure reinforced composite material takes TiAl alloy as a reinforcing phase which can enhance the strength, and TC11 alloy as a matrix phase, wherein the reinforcing phase is embedded into the matrix phase in a cubic lattice structure, and the volume of the reinforcing phase is 20% of the total volume of the lattice structure reinforced composite material; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) designing a CAD model of the lattice structure reinforced composite material by using Pro/Engineer three-dimensional modeling software, processing the model by using slice software to obtain STL files, generating 2 STL files by using a matrix phase region and a reinforced phase region corresponding to each layer, and then importing the obtained STL files into selective laser melting rapid forming equipment;
(2) determining laser melting process parameters of TC11 alloy powder and TiAl alloy powder; the laser melting process parameters of the TC11 alloy powder are as follows: the laser power is 200W, the scanning speed is 200mm/min, the layer height is 100 μm, and the scanning interval is 200 μm; the laser melting process parameters of the TiAl alloy powder comprise: the laser power is 300W, the scanning speed is 300mm/min, the layer height is 100 μm, and the scanning interval is 200 μm;
(3) heating the metal powder of the matrix phase and the metal powder of the reinforcing phase to 100 ℃, and respectively filling the metal powder into different powder paving grooves;
(4) lowering a workbench of the selective laser melting rapid forming equipment by 0.1mm, moving a powder feeding mechanism along a guide rail, and flatly paving TC11 alloy powder on the workbench; under the argon protection environment, scanning TC11 alloy powder by a laser according to the laser melting process parameters determined in the step (2), and melting the metal powder in the corresponding outline of the substrate to form a shape corresponding to the TC11 alloy;
(5) recovering TC11 alloy powder by using an adsorption device, keeping the height of a working platform unchanged, then flatly paving TiAl alloy powder on the working platform, and scanning according to the outline information of a reinforced phase under the environment of argon protection to form a corresponding shape of the TiAl alloy and form a layer 1 section of the reinforced composite material with a lattice structure;
(6) and (5) recovering the TiAl alloy powder by using an adsorption device, repeating the steps (4) to (5), and scanning layer by layer until the TiAl alloy powder is completely formed to obtain the lattice structure reinforced composite material.
The tensile strength at room temperature of the lattice structure reinforced composite material obtained in the embodiment is 1100MPa, and the elongation at room temperature is 6%; the tensile strength at the high temperature of 700 ℃ is 400MPa, and the elongation is 40%.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1.一种点阵结构增强复合材料,其特征在于,包括基体相和增强相,所述增强相呈点阵结构嵌入到所述基体相中;1. A lattice structure reinforced composite material, characterized in that it comprises a matrix phase and a reinforcement phase, and the reinforcement phase is embedded in the matrix phase in a lattice structure; 所述增强相的体积为所述点阵结构增强复合材料总体积的10~30%;The volume of the reinforcing phase is 10-30% of the total volume of the lattice structure reinforced composite material; 所述点阵结构为立方形;The lattice structure is cubic; 所述基体相的材质为TiAl合金或TC11合金;所述增强相的材质为TiAl合金或TC11合金;所述基体相和增强相的材质不同;The material of the matrix phase is TiAl alloy or TC11 alloy; the material of the reinforcement phase is TiAl alloy or TC11 alloy; the material of the matrix phase and the reinforcement phase are different; 所述点阵结构增强复合材料通过包括以下步骤的方法制备得到:The lattice structure reinforced composite material is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: 采用3D打印技术,对基体相和增强相的金属粉末进行激光熔化,得到所述点阵结构增强复合材料;Using 3D printing technology, the metal powder of the matrix phase and the reinforcement phase is laser-melted to obtain the lattice structure reinforced composite material; TC11合金粉末的激光熔化工艺参数为:激光功率为200W,扫描速度为200mm/min,层高为100μm,扫描间距为200μm;TiAl合金粉末的激光熔化工艺参数包括:激光功率为300W,扫描速度为300mm/min,层高为100μm,扫描间距为200μm;The laser melting process parameters of TC11 alloy powder are: the laser power is 200W, the scanning speed is 200mm/min, the layer height is 100μm, and the scanning distance is 200μm; the laser melting process parameters of TiAl alloy powder include: the laser power is 300W, and the scanning speed is 300mm/min, layer height is 100μm, scanning spacing is 200μm; 所述金属粉末的温度为100~400℃;The temperature of the metal powder is 100-400°C; 所述金属粉末的粒径为30~100μm。The particle size of the metal powder is 30-100 μm. 2.权利要求1所述的点阵结构增强复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:2. the preparation method of lattice structure reinforced composite material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 采用3D打印技术,对基体相和增强相的金属粉末进行激光熔化,得到所述点阵结构增强复合材料;Using 3D printing technology, the metal powder of the matrix phase and the reinforcement phase is laser-melted to obtain the lattice structure reinforced composite material; TC11合金粉末的激光熔化工艺参数为:激光功率为200W,扫描速度为200mm/min,层高为100μm,扫描间距为200μm;TiAl合金粉末的激光熔化工艺参数包括:激光功率为300W,扫描速度为300mm/min,层高为100μm,扫描间距为200μm;The laser melting process parameters of TC11 alloy powder are: the laser power is 200W, the scanning speed is 200mm/min, the layer height is 100μm, and the scanning distance is 200μm; the laser melting process parameters of TiAl alloy powder include: the laser power is 300W, and the scanning speed is 300mm/min, layer height is 100μm, scanning spacing is 200μm; 所述金属粉末的温度为100~400℃;The temperature of the metal powder is 100-400°C; 所述金属粉末的粒径为30~100μm。The particle size of the metal powder is 30-100 μm.
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