CN110415857A - A kind of nitrogen-rich porous carbon as an electrochemical driver and its preparation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the electrochemical actuators that a kind of Nitrogen-rich porous carbon is electrode, belong to electrochemical actuator technical field, electrochemical actuator of the invention includes first electrode layer, electrolyte layer and the second electrode lay three-decker；The electrolyte layer upper and lower surface adhesive electrodes layer；The electrode layer includes the Nitrogen-rich porous carbon material and conducting polymer of zeolite imidazole ester metal-organic framework, and the electrolyte layer includes ionic liquid and macromolecule matrix material.The invention also discloses the preparation methods of this electrochemical actuator, and the preparation method is simple, and the electrochemical actuator electromechanical of preparation is had excellent performance, the fields such as artificial-muscle, bionic soft robot with good application prospect.

Description

A kind of nitrogen-rich porous carbon as an electrochemical driver and its preparation method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical actuators, in particular to an electrochemical actuator with nitrogen-rich porous carbon as an electrode and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Electroactive polymers (Electro-active polymers, EAPs) are smart materials with special electromechanical conversion properties. One of the most common applications of electroactive polymers is the development of artificial muscles in robotics. Therefore, electroactive polymers are also often used as a synonym for artificial muscles. According to the different mechanism of action, electroactive polymers are mainly divided into two categories: electronic type and ionic type. Among them, ionic electroactive polymers include ionic polymer metal composites, conductive polymers, polymer gels, carbon nanotubes, etc. (Wang Lan, Zhao Shujin, Wang Haiyan, Dang Zhimin. Research progress in electroactive polymers. Rare metals Materials and Engineering, 2005, 34, 728-733). Ionic electroactive polymer materials are based on the principle of electrochemistry, and the macroscopic deformation caused by the migration of ions is caused by electrochemical mechanical action, which is usually also called an electrochemical driver.

Ionic polymer metal composite (Ionic polymer metal composite, IPMC) is a kind of classic electrochemical actuator, which is mainly composed of ion exchange membrane and noble metal by chemical plating method. It is used in bionic robots, biomedical engineering, microfluidic control, etc Many achievements have been made in this field. Traditional IPMC drivers are expensive due to the use of noble metal electrodes, rigid metal electrodes are easy to crack after repeated use, and the working environment is more dependent on water. Therefore, the development of flexible non-metallic electrode materials and stable actuation drivers in the air is an important challenge in this field. . In recent years, electrochemical actuators with stable actuation in air have been developed (Wu Guan, Hu Ying, Chen Wei. Carbon nanotubes and graphene artificial muscles. Science Bulletin, 2014, 59, 2240-2252). The actuation performance of this kind of driver is mainly determined by the microstructure and electrochemical performance of the electrode layer, so the electrode material and structure are particularly critical to improve the performance of the electrochemical driver.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electrochemical actuator with nitrogen-rich porous carbon as an electrode and its preparation method, so as to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art. The non-metallic electrode of the electrochemical actuator prepared by the present invention has both flexibility and With high capacitance and excellent driver performance, it has broad application prospects in flexible driving, flexible sensing and wearable electronic devices.

The present invention is achieved like this:

An electrochemical driver with nitrogen-rich porous carbon as an electrode, characterized in that, the electrochemical driver is a three-layer structure composed of an electrode layer and an electrolyte layer, and the three-layer structure includes a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer and The second electrode layer; the electrode layer is attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the electrolyte layer; the electrode layer is prepared by including nitrogen-rich porous carbon and a conductive polymer; the nitrogen-rich porous carbon is prepared by pyrolysis of a zeolite imidazolate metal-organic framework; The conductive polymer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonic acid), namely PEDOT:PSS. The invention provides a flexible non-metallic electrode, comprising the nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with ZIF structure and PEDOT:PSS.

Further, the electrolyte layer includes a polymer matrix material and an ionic liquid; the matrix material is prepared from one or more materials of polyurethane, polyvinylidene fluoride or chitosan; the ionic liquid is prepared from 1 -Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide salt One or more than two materials in the preparation.

Further, the preparation method is:

Step 1, preparing zeolite imidazolate metal-organic framework, namely ZIF, by a solution method;

Step 2, calcining the ZIF at a high temperature in a protective atmosphere to obtain the nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with the ZIF structure;

Step 3, disperse the nitrogen-rich porous carbon material of the ZIF structure obtained in step 2 in PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution to form a dispersion liquid, and cast the dispersion liquid into a mold and dry to make an electrode film; PEDOT:The solid content of the PSS aqueous solution is 1.05 %, that is, the aqueous solution contains 1.05% PEDOT:PSS.

Step 4, mixing the polymer matrix material with the ionic liquid and adding an organic solvent to dissolve it, casting it into a mold and drying it to obtain an electrolyte membrane;

Step 5. Place the electrolyte membrane between the two electrode films prepared in step 3, namely the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and assemble and prepare the electrochemical actuator by hot pressing.

Further, the steps for preparing ZIF by the solution method are:

1.1. Dissolve the metal salt in methanol to obtain A solution;

1.2. Dissolving imidazole compounds in methanol to obtain solution B;

1.3. Add the B solution obtained in step 2 into the A solution in batches or at one time to obtain a mixed system, and let it stand for 0.5-5 hours to obtain the ZIF.

Further, the ZIF is ZIF-8, ZIF-10, ZIF-11, ZIF-12, ZIF-67, etc., but not limited thereto.

Further, the metal salt includes any one or a combination of zinc salt and cobalt salt; the zinc salt includes any one or a combination of two or more of zinc nitrate, zinc sulfate and zinc acetate; The cobalt salt includes any one or a combination of cobalt nitrate and cobalt chloride; the imidazole compound includes any of 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole and 3-methylimidazole One or a combination of two or more.

Further, the step two is specifically: in a nitrogen or argon protective atmosphere, heating the ZIF to 600-1000°C at a heating rate of 1-10°C/min, and keeping it warm for 0.5-5h, and then Cool to room temperature to obtain the nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with the ZIF structure.

Further, the mass ratio of the nitrogen-rich porous carbon material and PEDOT:PSS in step 3 is 1:20-2:1.

Further, the mass ratio of the ionic liquid and the polymer matrix material in the step 4 is 1:20~5:1; the polymer matrix material includes any one of polyurethane, polyvinylidene fluoride and chitosan or a combination of two or more; the ionic liquid includes 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 1-ethyl -Any one or a combination of two or more of 3-methylimidazole bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide salts; the organic solvents include N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and dichloro Any one of methane or a combination of two or more; the heating temperature of the solidification and film formation of the solution casting method is 50 ~ 130 ° C, and the heating time is 2 ~ 48h.

Further, the hot-pressing temperature in the hot-pressing method in step five is 50-200°C, the hot-pressing time is 10min-2h, and the hot-pressing form is one-step hot-pressing or step-by-step hot-pressing.

The beneficial effects of the present invention and the prior art are: the nitrogen-rich porous carbon of the ZIF structure provided by the present invention has high capacitance, and the synergistic effect of nitrogen-rich porous carbon and PEDOT:PSS endows the non-metallic flexible electrode with excellent electrochemical performance. The electrochemical driver based on the nitrogen-rich porous carbon non-metallic flexible electrode provided by the invention has excellent electromechanical performance, and the preparation method of the electrochemical driver is simple. Therefore, the electrochemical actuator has good application prospects in artificial muscles, bionic soft robots and other fields.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a process flow chart of preparing an electrochemical actuator based on a nitrogen-rich porous carbon electrode according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope picture of a kind of nitrogen-rich porous carbon material in the embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a transmission electron microscope image of a nitrogen-rich porous carbon material in an embodiment of the present invention;

4 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a nitrogen-rich porous carbon material and a parent zeolite imidazolate metal-organic framework material in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is an X-ray photoelectron spectrum (C1s and N1s) of a nitrogen-rich porous carbon material in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a kind of cyclic voltammetry graph of nitrogen-enriched porous carbon/foamed titanium mesh electrode under different scanning speeds in the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a cyclic voltammetry curve of a nitrogen-rich porous carbon/PEDOT:PSS composite electrode (the mass fraction of ZIF structure nitrogen-rich porous carbon material in the flexible electrode is 20%) in the embodiment of the present invention at different scan rates picture;

Fig. 8 is the electro-displacement curve (3V sine wave voltage) of an electrochemical driver (20%C-N/PEDOT:PSS electrode) of a nitrogen-rich porous carbon electrode in an embodiment of the present invention at different frequencies;

Fig. 9 is a peak-to-peak electrical displacement comparison (3V sine wave voltage) of the electrochemical driver of the nitrogen-rich porous carbon electrode (different x%C-N/PEDOT:PSS electrodes) at different frequencies in the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The inventor has been able to propose the technical scheme of the present invention through long-term research and extensive practice. The technical solution, its implementation process and principle will be further explained as follows. It should be pointed out that the specific implementations described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.

As shown in Fig. 1, it is a kind of nitrogen-rich porous carbon of the present invention is the schematic flow sheet of the preparation method of the electrochemical driver of electrode, and described preparation method is:

Step 1, preparing zeolite imidazolate metal-organic framework, namely ZIF, by a solution method;

Step 2, calcining the ZIF at a high temperature in a protective atmosphere to obtain the nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with the ZIF structure;

Step 3, dispersing the nitrogen-rich porous carbon material of the ZIF structure obtained in step 2 in PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution to form a dispersion liquid with a solid content of 1.05%, and casting the dispersion liquid into a mold to dry and make an electrode film;

Step 4, mixing the polymer matrix material with the ionic liquid and adding an organic solvent to dissolve it, casting it into a mold and drying it to obtain an electrolyte membrane;

Step 5. Place the electrolyte membrane between the two electrode films prepared in step 3, namely the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and assemble and prepare the electrochemical actuator by hot pressing.

The electrochemical driver prepared by the above preparation method comprises a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer and a second electrode layer, and has a three-layer structure, and the upper and lower surfaces of the electrolyte layer are attached with electrode layers. Electrode layers are attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the electrolyte layer; the electrode layer is prepared from nitrogen-rich porous carbon and a conductive polymer; the nitrogen-rich porous carbon is prepared by pyrolysis of a zeolite imidazolate metal-organic framework; the conductive polymer It is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonic acid). The electrolyte layer includes a polymer matrix material and an ionic liquid; the matrix material is prepared from one or more materials of polyurethane, polyvinylidene fluoride or chitosan; the ionic liquid is prepared from 1-ethyl In base-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonimide One or two or more materials are prepared.

The technical solution, its implementation process and principle will be further explained in conjunction with specific embodiments and data as follows.

Example 1

Disperse 2.933 grams of zinc nitrate hexahydrate in 50 mL of methanol to form solution A; dissolve 6.489 grams of 2-methylimidazole in 50 mL of methanol to form solution B; under magnetic stirring, add solution B dropwise to solution A, and then statically Set aside for 6 hours, filter and wash to obtain the zeolite imidazolate metal organic framework material (that is, the carbonized precursor). The material was transferred to a tube furnace, protected by nitrogen, heated to 800°C at a heating rate of 5°C/min and kept for 2h, cooled to room temperature, and the carbonized product was taken out and soaked in dilute hydrochloric acid for 2 hours. centrifuged, washed 4 times with water, washed 2 times with ethanol, and dried at 50 degrees for 12 hours to obtain a nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with a ZIF structure.

2.1 mg nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with ZIF structure and 1.8 g PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution (solid content 1.05%) were ultrasonically dispersed and mixed evenly (the mass fraction of nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with ZIF structure in the flexible electrode was 10%), and then dispersed The solution was cast into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, and dried in a vacuum oven at a temperature of 60°C for 6 hours to obtain a flexible electrode film. Mix 50 mg polyurethane and 50 mg 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide salt ionic liquid evenly to form a gel-like substance, add 10 mL N,N-dimethylformamide to disperse evenly Finally, the above solution was poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, and then dried in a vacuum oven at 60° C. for 12 hours until all the solvent evaporated to obtain a polymer electrolyte layer loaded with ionic liquid. The polymer electrolyte layer was placed between two flexible electrode films, and hot-pressed at 95°C for 5 minutes to prepare an electrochemical actuator. According to the electrochemical actuator based on the nitrogen-rich porous carbon electrode with ZIF structure prepared according to Exemplary Example 1 of the present invention, the peak-to-peak displacement of the actuator tip at a frequency of 0.1 Hz measured by a laser displacement sensor is 13.1 mm at 3V.

In addition, Fig. 2 shows a scanning electron micrograph of a MOF structured porous carbon material according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 3 shows a transmission electron microscopic picture of a MOF structured porous carbon material according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention Fig. 4 shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of a nitrogen-rich porous carbon material and a parent zeolite imidazolate metal organic framework according to a typical embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 5 shows a graph according to a typical embodiment of the present invention X-ray photoelectron spectrum (C1s and N1s) of a kind of nitrogen-rich porous carbon material; Fig. 6 shows the circulation of a kind of nitrogen-rich porous carbon/foamed titanium mesh electrode at different sweep speeds according to a typical embodiment of the present invention Volt-ampere graph. It can be seen from Figure 2 that the porous carbon material with MOF structure (which can also be considered as a carbon-nitrogen polyhedron material) presents the morphology characteristics of ZIF metal-organic framework; the transmission electron microscope photos shown in Figure 3 prove the above-mentioned morphology and structure characteristics; Fig. The X-ray diffraction pattern of 4 further proves the polyhedral structure of the parent zeolite imidazolate metal-organic framework material and the structure of the calcined carbon material; the X-ray photoelectron spectrum shown in Figure 5 proves that the carbon and nitrogen in the nitrogen-rich porous carbon material exist. In addition, the cyclic voltammetry curves of the nitrogen-rich porous carbon/titanium foam mesh electrode at different scan rates shown in Fig. 6 provide the capacitive performance of the nitrogen-rich porous carbon material.

Example 2

The preparation process of the nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with ZIF structure is the same as that in Example 1.

4.2 mg nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with ZIF structure and 1.6 g PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution were ultrasonically dispersed and mixed evenly (the mass fraction of nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with ZIF structure in the flexible electrode was 20%), and then the dispersion liquid was cast into polytetrafluoroethylene In an vinyl mold, dry in a vacuum oven at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain a flexible electrode film. Mix 50 mg polyurethane and 50 mg 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide salt ionic liquid evenly to form a gel-like substance, add 10 mL N,N-dimethylformamide to disperse evenly, The above solution was poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, and then dried in a vacuum oven at 60° C. for 12 hours until all the solvent evaporated to obtain a polymer electrolyte layer loaded with ionic liquid. The polymer electrolyte layer was placed between two flexible electrode films, and hot-pressed at 95°C for 5 minutes to prepare an electrochemical actuator. According to the electrochemical actuator based on nitrogen-rich porous carbon with ZIF structure prepared according to Exemplary Example 1 of the present invention, the peak-to-peak displacement of the actuator tip at a frequency of 3V and 0.1Hz measured by the laser displacement sensor is 17.5 mm.

Figure 7 is the cycle of the nitrogen-rich porous carbon/PEDOT:PSS composite film electrode obtained in Example 2 of the present invention (the mass fraction of the ZIF structure nitrogen-rich porous carbon material in the flexible film electrode is 20%) at different scan rates The voltammetry curve shows that the thin film electrode has good electrochemical performance under the test system of 1M EMIMBF ₄ /CH ₃ CN. Fig. 8 is the electro-displacement curve (3V sine wave voltage) of the nitrogen-rich porous carbon electrode electrochemical driver (20%CN/PEDOT:PSS electrode) at different frequencies in Example 2 of the present invention, as can be seen from the figure, When the driver works in a sinusoidal alternating voltage working environment, the electric displacement output presents a sinusoidal waveform change rule, the waveform is good, and the output displacement is stable. The electrical actuation displacement increases with decreasing frequency, which is due to the progressive increase in the displacement of the actuator as the frequency decreases due to sufficient time for the ionic liquid anions and cations inside the polymer to migrate and gather towards the electrodes.

Example 3

The preparation process of the nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with ZIF structure is the same as that in Example 1.

6.3 mg of nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with ZIF structure and 1.4 g of PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution were ultrasonically dispersed and mixed evenly (the mass fraction of nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with ZIF structure in the flexible electrode was 30%), and then the dispersion liquid was cast into polytetrafluoroethylene In an vinyl mold, dry in a vacuum oven at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain a flexible electrode film. Mix 50 mg polyurethane and 50 mg 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide salt ionic liquid evenly to form a gel-like substance, add 10 mL N,N-dimethylformamide to disperse evenly, The above solution was poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, and then dried in a vacuum oven at 60° C. for 12 hours until all the solvent evaporated to obtain a polymer electrolyte layer loaded with ionic liquid. The polymer electrolyte layer was placed between two flexible electrode films, and hot-pressed at 95°C for 5 min to prepare an electrochemical actuator. According to the electrochemical actuator based on nitrogen-rich porous carbon with ZIF structure prepared according to Exemplary Example 1 of the present invention, the peak-to-peak displacement of the actuator tip at a frequency of 0.1 Hz at a voltage of 3 V measured by a laser displacement sensor is 15.1 mm.

Example 4

The preparation process of the nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with ZIF structure is the same as that in Example 1.

8.4 mg nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with ZIF structure and 1.2 g PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution were ultrasonically dispersed and mixed uniformly (the mass fraction of nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with ZIF structure in the flexible electrode was 40%), and then the dispersion liquid was cast into polytetrafluoroethylene In an vinyl mold, dry in a vacuum oven at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain a flexible electrode film. Mix 50 mg polyurethane and 50 mg 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide salt ionic liquid evenly to form a gel-like substance, add 10 mL N,N-dimethylformamide to disperse evenly, The above solution was poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, and then dried in a vacuum oven at 60° C. for 12 hours until all the solvent evaporated to obtain a polymer electrolyte layer loaded with ionic liquid. The polymer electrolyte layer was placed between two flexible electrode films, and hot-pressed at 95°C for 5 minutes to prepare an electrochemical actuator. According to the electrochemical actuator based on nitrogen-rich porous carbon with ZIF structure prepared according to Exemplary Example 1 of the present invention, the peak-to-peak displacement of the actuator tip at a frequency of 0.1 Hz at a voltage of 3 V measured by a laser displacement sensor is 12.4 mm.

Example 5

The preparation process of the nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with ZIF structure is the same as that in Example 1.

Ultrasonic dispersion and mixing of 10.5 mg nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with ZIF structure and 1.0 g PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution (the mass fraction of nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with ZIF structure in the flexible electrode is 50%), and then the dispersion solution was cast on polytetrafluoroethylene In an vinyl mold, dry in a vacuum oven at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain a flexible electrode film. Mix 50 mg polyurethane and 50 mg 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide salt ionic liquid evenly to form a gel-like substance, add 10 mL N,N-dimethylformamide to disperse evenly, The above solution was poured into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, and then dried in a vacuum oven at 60° C. for 12 hours until all the solvent evaporated to obtain a polymer electrolyte layer loaded with ionic liquid. The polymer electrolyte layer was placed between two flexible electrode films, and hot-pressed at 95°C for 5 minutes to prepare an electrochemical actuator. According to the electrochemical actuator based on nitrogen-rich porous carbon with ZIF structure prepared according to Exemplary Example 1 of the present invention, the peak-to-peak displacement of the actuator tip at a frequency of 0.1 Hz at a voltage of 3 V measured by a laser displacement sensor is 9.5 mm.

In addition, FIG. 9 shows a comparison of tip peak-to-peak displacement values of electrochemical actuators according to exemplary embodiments 1-5 of the present invention under different frequency conditions under a 3V sine wave voltage. 20%C-N/PEDOT:PSS has the best electrochemical driver performance.

In summary, the nitrogen-rich porous carbon material provided by the present invention has a MOF structure and has better electrochemical performance. The electrochemical actuator based on this nitrogen-rich porous carbon/PEDOT:PSS electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical mechanical properties, thus, it has great application prospects in bionic artificial muscles and smart wearable electronic devices.

Based on the description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be clear that the present invention defined by the appended claims is not limited to the specific details set forth in the description above, and there are many aspects of the present invention that do not depart from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Obvious changes are also possible to achieve the object of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A kind of nitrogen-rich porous carbon is the electrochemical driver of electrode, it is characterized in that, described electrochemical driver is the three-layer structure that electrode layer and electrolyte layer are formed, and described three-layer structure comprises first electrode layer, electrolyte layer and the second electrode layer; the electrode layer is attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the electrolyte layer; the electrode layer is prepared by including nitrogen-rich porous carbon and conductive polymer; the nitrogen-rich porous carbon is prepared by pyrolysis of zeolite imidazolate metal organic framework obtained; the conductive polymer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonic acid), namely PEDOT:PSS. 2. a kind of nitrogen-rich porous carbon according to claim 1 is the electrochemical driver of electrode, it is characterized in that, described electrolyte layer comprises macromolecule matrix material and ionic liquid; Described matrix material adopts polyurethane, polybias One or two or more materials in vinyl fluoride or chitosan; the ionic liquid uses 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, Preparation of one or more materials in fluoroborate or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide salt. 3. a kind of nitrogen-rich porous carbon as claimed in claim 1 is the preparation method of the electrochemical driver of electrode, it is characterized in that, described preparation method is: Step 1, preparing zeolite imidazolate metal-organic framework, namely ZIF, by a solution method; Step 2, calcining the ZIF at a high temperature in a protective atmosphere to obtain the nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with the ZIF structure; Step 3, dispersing the nitrogen-rich porous carbon material of the ZIF structure obtained in step 2 in PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution to form a dispersion, and casting the dispersion into a mold to dry to make an electrode film; Step 4, mixing the polymer matrix material with the ionic liquid and adding an organic solvent to dissolve it, casting it into a mold and drying it to obtain an electrolyte membrane; Step 5. Place the electrolyte membrane between the two electrode films prepared in step 3, namely the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and assemble and prepare the electrochemical actuator by hot pressing. 4. a kind of nitrogen-rich porous carbon according to claim 3 is the preparation method of the electrochemical driver of electrode, it is characterized in that, the step that described solution method prepares ZIF is: 1.1. Dissolve the metal salt in methanol to obtain A solution; 1.2. Dissolving imidazole compounds in methanol to obtain solution B; 1.3. Add the B solution obtained in step 2 into the A solution in batches or at one time to obtain a mixed system, and let it stand for 0.5-5 hours to obtain the ZIF. 5. a kind of nitrogen-rich porous carbon according to claim 4 is the preparation method of the electrochemical driver of electrode, it is characterized in that, described ZIF comprises ZIF-8, ZIF-10, ZIF-11, ZIF-12, ZIF-67. 6. a kind of nitrogen-rich porous carbon according to claim 4 is the preparation method of the electrochemical driver of electrode, it is characterized in that, in the step that described solution method prepares ZIF, metal salt comprises any in zinc salt and cobalt salt One or a combination of both; the zinc salt includes any one or a combination of two or more of zinc nitrate, zinc sulfate and zinc acetate; the cobalt salt includes any one of cobalt nitrate and cobalt chloride One or a combination of both; the imidazole compound includes any one or a combination of two or more of 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole and 3-methylimidazole. 7. A method for preparing an electrochemical driver using nitrogen-rich porous carbon as an electrode according to claim 3, wherein the step 2 is specifically: in a protective atmosphere of nitrogen or argon, with 1~ The ZIF was heated to 600-1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min, kept at a temperature of 0.5-5h, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a nitrogen-rich porous carbon material with the ZIF structure. 8. a kind of nitrogen-rich porous carbon according to claim 3 is the preparation method of the electrochemical driver of electrode, it is characterized in that, the mass ratio of nitrogen-rich porous carbon material and PEDOT:PSS in described step 3 is 1 :20~2:1. 9. a kind of nitrogen-rich porous carbon according to claim 3 is the preparation method of the electrochemical driver of electrode, it is characterized in that, the mass ratio of the ionic liquid in the described step 4 and polymer matrix material is 1:20 ~5:1; the polymer matrix material includes any one or a combination of two or more of polyurethane, polyvinylidene fluoride and chitosan; the ionic liquid includes 1-ethyl-3-methyl Any one or more of imidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide The combination; the organic solvent includes N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and dichloromethane any one or a combination of two or more; the solidification film-forming of the solution casting method The heating temperature is 50~130°C, and the heating time is 2~48h. 10. A kind of nitrogen-rich porous carbon according to claim 3 is the preparation method of the electrochemical driver of electrode, it is characterized in that, the hot-pressing temperature of the hot-pressing method in described step 5 is 50～200 ℃, The hot-pressing time is 10min~2h, and the hot-pressing form is one-step hot-pressing or step-by-step hot-pressing.