CN110405217A - Functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of porous materials, and in particular relates to a functional gradient porous energy-absorbing material and a manufacturing method thereof. The functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material includes several energy-absorbing material layers, and each energy-absorbing material layer is stacked and connected along at least one direction in the space orthogonal three-dimensional direction; each energy-absorbing material layer includes several interconnected and hollow cubic unit cells, each The structure of each cubic unit cell of the energy-absorbing material layer is arranged in a gradient manner along the stacking direction of each energy-absorbing material layer. Each layer of energy-absorbing material layer of the material of the present invention is formed by interconnecting several hollow cubic unit cells, and the cubic unit cells are arranged and distributed in a gradient manner along one or more directions in the orthogonal three-dimensional direction of space, making it Along this direction, there is a functional gradient effect on cushioning or impact energy absorption. Not only is the size of the porous material easy to control, but it also has a functional gradient effect and can effectively withstand unidirectional impact.

Description

Functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material and its manufacturing method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of porous materials, and in particular relates to a functional gradient porous energy-absorbing material and a manufacturing method thereof.

Background technique

Porous material is a kind of network structure material composed of interpenetrating or closed pores. Typical pore structures are: a two-dimensional structure formed by the aggregation of a large number of polygonal pores on a plane, which is called a "honeycomb" material because its shape is similar to the hexagonal structure of a honeycomb; more commonly, it is composed of a large number of ordered or A three-dimensional structure formed by the aggregation of disordered (regular or irregular) pores in space. When the cells are disordered (ie, irregular), the material is often referred to as a "foamed" material, typically aluminum foam. In addition, if the pores are connected, it is called an open-pore porous material; if the pores are not connected, that is, each hole is completely separated from the surrounding pores, it is called a closed-cell porous material; of course, there are also some pores that are Half open and half closed.

Compared with continuum materials, porous materials generally have the advantages of low relative density, high specific strength, high specific surface area, light weight, sound insulation, heat insulation, and good permeability. In addition, porous materials usually have a very high ability to damp vibration and absorb impact energy, so they are often used to manufacture cushioning or energy absorbers and components.

Porous metal material is a typical porous material. At present, the porous metal materials widely used in energy absorbers are honeycomb and foam structures (typically aluminum foam). In the automotive industry, the porous metal sandwich panel structure can be used to manufacture car covers, truck covers and sliding roofs, etc., thereby reducing the quality of the structural parts and improving the rigidity of the structural parts. The porous metal sandwich panel also has a high effect of absorbing impact and sound energy. In the aerospace industry, porous metals have been investigated for impact energy absorbing elements in the landing gear of the space shuttle and in the shipbuilding industry. In the railway locomotive industry, large panels of porous metal core materials have been used in the construction of many parts in modern passenger ships, and porous metal sandwich structures have been applied in the vibration and noise reduction of ship engine rooms.

The current application of porous materials in buffering and energy-absorbing applications mainly has the following two problems:

(1) The porous materials used for shock absorption and energy absorption are mainly porous metal materials, which are mainly divided into three-dimensional structure "foam aluminum" and two-dimensional structure "aluminum honeycomb" materials. On the one hand, the unit cell elements such as cell shape, pore size, and pores of aluminum foam are not easy to control, resulting in uneven structure, so that the energy absorption effect is difficult to predict and control; on the other hand, two-dimensional honeycomb metal can only withstand one-way impact Impact from multiple directions and angles is powerless.

(2) The structure of the porous material used for shock vibration reduction and energy absorption is relatively simple, and it does not have a functional gradient effect along a certain direction or multiple directions.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material and its manufacturing method, aiming to solve the problems in the prior art that the size of the porous material is not easy to control, does not have a functional gradient effect and can only withstand one-way impact question.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material, including several energy-absorbing material layers, each of which is stacked and connected along at least one of the spatially orthogonal three-dimensional directions;

Each of the energy-absorbing material layers includes a number of interconnected and hollow cubic unit cells, and the structure of each of the cubic unit cells in each of the energy-absorbing material layers is arranged in a gradient manner along the stacking direction of each of the energy-absorbing material layers. .

Preferably, the volumes of the cubic unit cells connected along the stacking direction of the energy-absorbing material layers are arranged in a gradient-like increasing or decreasing manner.

Preferably, the wall thickness of each of the cubic unit cells connected along the stacking direction of each of the energy-absorbing material layers is arranged in a gradient-like increasing or decreasing manner.

Preferably, the materials of the cubic unit cells connected along the lamination direction of the energy-absorbing material layers are arranged in a gradient manner.

Preferably, the volume and wall thickness of each of the cubic unit cells connected along the stacking direction of each of the energy-absorbing material layers are arranged in a gradient-like increasing or decreasing manner.

Preferably, the wall thickness of each of the cubic unit cells connected along the stacking direction of each energy-absorbing material layer is arranged in a gradient-like increasing or decreasing manner, and the material is arranged in a gradient-like changing arrangement.

Preferably, the cubic unit cells connected along the stacking direction of each energy-absorbing material layer are arranged in a gradient-like increasing or decreasing volume and their materials are arranged in a gradient-like changing arrangement.

Preferably, each of the energy-absorbing material layers connected by lamination uses at least one same energy-absorbing material layer as a gradient.

Preferably, the cubic unit cells of each of the energy-absorbing material layers connected by lamination are arranged in a gradient manner along two opposite directions among the spatially orthogonal three-dimensional directions.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: In the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material of the present invention, each layer of the energy-absorbing material layer is formed by interconnecting several hollow cubic unit cells, and these cubic unit cells are formed along one or more of the spatially orthogonal three-dimensional directions. The gradient-like arrangement and distribution in multiple directions makes it have a functional gradient effect in cushioning or impact energy absorption along the direction. Due to the uniqueness of the cubic unit cell body and the overall gradient structure, the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material has advantages incomparable to other types of porous materials in terms of mechanical properties (especially impact dynamic properties). Compared with two-dimensional honeycomb materials, this functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material can withstand impacts from one or more directions in three-dimensional orthogonal directions (two-dimensional honeycomb materials can only withstand one-way impacts), and the impact energy The absorption has a functional gradient effect; compared with the three-dimensional foam metal, the structure of the functional gradient porous energy-absorbing material is relatively uniform, and the unit cell (cubic unit cell body) of the overall material is along one of the three-dimensional orthogonal directions in space or Multiple directions are uniformly and gradiently arranged, so that the mechanical properties (including static and dynamic properties) of the material present a stable functional gradient characteristic in this direction. In addition, compared with honeycomb materials, the size of the unit cell (cubic unit cell body) of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material is controllable. By controlling the size and quantity of the cubic unit cell body, functional gradients of different sizes and specifications can be generated. Porous energy-absorbing materials, which are more conducive to filling them into the protected parts, so the relative density and porosity of functionally gradient porous energy-absorbing materials can be controlled, and materials of different specifications can be prepared according to actual conditions to meet different application requirements.

Another technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for manufacturing a functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material, comprising the following steps:

Prepare several layers of energy-absorbing material with different structures, wherein each of the energy-absorbing material layers includes several interconnected and hollow cubic unit cells;

Each of the energy-absorbing material layers is stacked and connected along at least one of the spatially orthogonal three-dimensional directions, and the structure of each of the cubic unit cells is arranged in a gradient manner along the stacking direction of each of the energy-absorbing material layers.

In the manufacturing method of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material of the present invention, each layer of the energy-absorbing material layer of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material produced is formed by interconnecting several hollow cubic unit cells. The gradient arrangement and distribution of one or more directions in the intersecting three-dimensional direction makes it present a functional gradient effect in cushioning or impact energy absorption along this direction, due to the uniqueness of the cubic unit cell body and the overall gradient structure , this functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material possesses incomparable advantages over other types of porous materials in terms of mechanical properties (especially impact dynamics), that is, not only the size of the porous material is easy to control, but also has a functional gradient effect and can effectively Withstand one-way impact.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the descriptions of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only of the present invention. For some embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without paying creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a first embodiment of a functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of the first embodiment of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view along line A-A in Fig. 2 .

Fig. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the second embodiment of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic plan view of the second embodiment of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view along line B-B in Fig. 5 .

Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the three-dimensional structure of the third embodiment of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic plan view of the third embodiment of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view along line C-C in Fig. 8 .

Wherein, each reference sign in the figure:

10—energy-absorbing material layer 11—cubic unit cell body L—gradient.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals designate the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the accompanying drawings 1 to 9 are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than Nothing indicating or implying that a referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed, and operate in a particular orientation should therefore not be construed as limiting the invention.

In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it can be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.

As shown in Figures 1 to 9, the embodiment of the present invention provides a functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material, which can be used as impact energy-absorbing components in various industries. The functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material includes several energy-absorbing material layers 10, and each of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 is stacked and connected along at least one direction in the spatially orthogonal three-dimensional direction, for example, the direction in the spatially orthogonal three-dimensional direction can be the X axis direction, Y axis or Z axis; each of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 includes a number of interconnected and hollow cubic unit cells 11, and the structure of each of the cubic unit cells 11 of each of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 is along the The lamination direction of each energy-absorbing material layer 10 is arranged in a gradient manner.

Specifically, in the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material of the embodiment of the present invention, each layer of energy-absorbing material layer 10 is formed by interconnecting several hollow cubic unit cells 11. Gradient arrangement and distribution in one or more directions makes it have a functional gradient effect in cushioning or impact energy absorption along the direction. Due to the uniqueness of the cubic unit cell body 11 and the overall gradient structure, the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material has advantages incomparable to other porous materials in terms of mechanical properties (especially impact dynamic properties). Compared with two-dimensional honeycomb materials, this functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material can withstand impacts from one or more directions in three-dimensional orthogonal directions (two-dimensional honeycomb materials can only withstand one-way impacts), and the impact energy The absorption has a functionally gradient effect; compared with the three-dimensional foam metal, the structure of the functionally gradient porous energy-absorbing material is relatively uniform, and the unit cell (cubic unit cell body 11) of the overall material is along one of the three-dimensional orthogonal directions in space. Or multiple directions are uniformly and gradiently arranged, so that the mechanical properties (including static and dynamic properties) of the material present a stable functional gradient characteristic in this direction. In addition, compared with the honeycomb material, the size of the unit cell (cubic unit cell body 11) of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material is controllable. By controlling the size and quantity of the cubic unit cell body 11, different sizes and specifications of Functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material, which is more conducive to filling it into the protected part, so the relative density and porosity of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material can also be controlled, and then materials of different specifications can be prepared according to actual conditions , to meet different application requirements.

More specifically, when the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material of this embodiment is used in a specific application, when it is compressed or impacted, the pores and tissues inside the material will collapse, and the material will transform the compressed or impacted material through its own internal deformation. The energy is converted into strain energy of the material to absorb. For the porous material with the internal structure of cubic unit cells 11, its mechanical properties (comprising statics and dynamics properties) are then determined by the material, volume (side length) and wall thickness of the cubic unit cells 11, and these cubic unit cells The permutation distribution of 11 is determined by these factors. Therefore, the functionally graded mechanical properties of the whole porous material can be realized by combining cubic units with different materials, volumes or wall thicknesses, and arranging these cubic units according to certain rules inside the material.

Furthermore, the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material of the embodiment of the present invention is composed of a large number of cubic unit cells 11 . That is, the internal tissue structure of the functionally graded porous material can be divided into cubic unit cells 11 one by one, and each cubic unit cell body 11 is a hollow and fully closed structure (which can also be connected through small holes), generally on the order of millimeters (but not limited to). Moreover, the cubic unit cells 11 are interconnected. As far as the preparation process is concerned, a large number of cubic unit cells 11 can be prepared in advance, and then these cubic unit cells 11 can be stacked by means of gluing, laser welding or brazing. It can be produced by splicing into a whole functionally graded porous material; it can also be directly prepared by 3D printing, powder metallurgy and other methods.

In this embodiment, one implementation of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material is: as shown in FIGS. The volumes are arranged in a gradient-like ascending or descending order. Specifically, the cubic unit cells 11 of the energy-absorbing material layer 10 of the same layer have the same structure, and the cubic unit cells 11 of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 of different layers increase with the volume of the cubic unit cells 11 along the lamination direction. Or descending and arranged in a gradient, so as to realize the functional gradient effect of the material.

In this embodiment, one implementation of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material is: as shown in FIGS. The wall thickness is arranged in a gradient increasing or decreasing manner. Specifically, the cubic unit cells 11 of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 of the same layer have the same structure, and the cubic unit cells 11 of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 of different layers have the same wall thickness of the cubic unit cells 11 along the stacking direction. Incremental or decremental gradient arrangement, so as to realize the functional gradient effect of the material.

In this embodiment, one implementation of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material is that the materials of the cubic unit cells 11 connected along the stacking direction of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 are arranged in a gradient manner. Specifically, the cubic unit cells 11 of the energy-absorbing material layer 10 of the same layer have the same structure, and the cubic unit cells 11 of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 of different layers change according to the material of the cubic unit cells 11 along the stacking direction. Arranged in a gradient to realize the functional gradient effect of the material.

In this embodiment, one implementation of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material is: the volume and wall thickness of each cubic unit cell 11 connected along the lamination direction of each energy-absorbing material layer 10 are gradient in ascending or descending order. Specifically, the cubic unit cells 11 of the energy-absorbing material layer 10 of the same layer have the same structure, and the cubic unit cells 11 of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 of different layers have the volume and wall of the cubic unit cells 11 along the stacking direction. Thick increasing or decreasing gradients are arranged to realize the functional gradient effect of the material.

In this embodiment, one implementation of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material is: the wall thickness of each of the cubic unit cells 11 connected along the stacking direction of each of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 increases gradually or gradually. Decreasing arrangement and gradient arrangement of materials. Specifically, the cubic unit cells 11 of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 of the same layer have the same structure, and the cubic unit cells 11 of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 of different layers have the same wall thickness of the cubic unit cells 11 along the stacking direction. Incremental or decremental and material changes are arranged in gradients to realize the functional gradient effect of materials.

In this embodiment, one implementation of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material is: the volume of each of the cubic unit cells 11 connected along the stacking direction of each of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 increases or decreases in a gradient manner Arrangements and materials are arranged in gradients. Specifically, the cubic unit cells 11 of the energy-absorbing material layer 10 of the same layer have the same structure, and the cubic unit cells 11 of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 of different layers increase with the volume of the cubic unit cells 11 along the lamination direction. Or decreasing and material changes are arranged in gradients, so as to realize the functional gradient effect of materials.

Further, the above-mentioned embodiment is a case where a functional gradient is presented along one direction, but in fact, the functionally graded porous material of the embodiment of the present invention can present an orthogonal three-dimensional Directional one, two or even three direction function gradient effect. Users can flexibly arrange and combine the cubic units inside the material according to the actual situation, so that the material can display various and powerful functional gradient properties.

Of course, in addition to the arrangement and combination of the six cubic unit cells 11 mentioned above, there are also: the cubic unit cells 11 of the energy-absorbing material layer 10 in the same layer have different structures and are arranged in gradients in a certain direction.

The functionally graded porous material of the embodiment of the present invention has great advantages: first, the size of the cubic unit cell body 11 inside the material is controllable, and the consistency of the entire porous material is very high, so that the material has very good performance; Second, the cubic unit cells 11 inside the material have multiple arrangements and combinations, and the internal structure is varied, so that it can present a variety of powerful porous functional gradient effects; third, the external structure of the material is cubic, It can be easily filled to the protected position (very convenient as an energy-absorbing filling material), and has wide applicability.

In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 1-2, Figures 4-5 and Figures 8-9, each of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 that are laminated and connected is at least one of the same energy-absorbing material layers 10. A gradient L. Specifically, among functionally graded porous energy-absorbing materials arranged in gradients, as shown in Figures 4-5, one layer of the same energy-absorbing material layer 10 can be used as a gradient L, as shown in Figures 8-9, also Two layers of the same energy-absorbing material layer 10 can be used as a gradient L, as shown in Figures 1-2, and three layers of the same energy-absorbing material layer 10 can also be used as a gradient L, or more than three layers The same energy-absorbing material layer 10 is a gradient L, which is adaptively selected according to the overall volume of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material. For example, along one direction, in every one, two or three layers of energy-absorbing material layers 10, the volume or wall thickness of the cubic unit cells 11 is arranged in a gradient-like increasing or decreasing manner, or the material is arranged in a gradient-like changing arrangement. .

In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 7 to 9, the cubic unit cells 11 of each of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 that are laminated and connected have a gradient in two opposite directions in the orthogonal three-dimensional directions in space. arrangement. For example, each of the cubic unit cells 11 of each of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 is arranged in a gradient manner along the positive and negative directions of the X-axis in three-dimensional orthogonal directions in space. For another example, the cubic unit cells 11 of each energy-absorbing material layer 10 are arranged in gradients along the positive and negative directions of the Y-axis in the three-dimensional orthogonal directions in space. For another example, the cubic unit cells 11 of each energy-absorbing material layer 10 are arranged in a gradient manner along the positive and negative directions of the Z-axis in the three-dimensional orthogonal directions in space.

The functionally graded porous material in the embodiment of the present invention is mainly used for cushioning or impact energy absorption, but the function of the material is not limited thereto. Therefore, porous materials have excellent properties in other aspects, such as lightweight structure, sound insulation, heat insulation, etc. For porous metal materials, they also have good electromagnetic wave absorption (electromagnetic shielding) characteristics, so they are widely used in communication engineering, environmental protection engineering and other fields. should be used. However, the functionally graded porous material of the embodiment of the present invention is also applicable to the fields of these functional applications.

Figures 1 to 3 show an embodiment of a functionally graded porous material in which all the cubic unit cells 11 have the same material and wall thickness, but the volume of the cubic unit cells 11 increases or decreases along a certain direction. As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, the volume and number of cubic unit cells 11 change in a gradient manner every three layers (L is three layers of the same energy-absorbing material layer 10) along the vertical direction, but the cubic unit cells in every three layers The volume and number of unit cell bodies 11 are the same. In this way, when the embodiment is compressed or impacted, the cubic unit cells 11 of the bottom three layers will deform and collapse first, absorbing part of the compression or impact energy; when the compression or impact energy continues and increases continuously, the penultimate layer will then undergo deformation and collapse. deformation and collapse, continue to absorb the increased compression or impact energy; when the compression or impact energy continues and continues to increase, then, from bottom to top, the cubic unit cells 11 of every three layers are deformed and collapsed successively, in a gradient manner Continuously absorb the energy of compression or impact, and provide continuous protection for the protected object.

Shown in Figures 4 to 6 is that the functionally graded porous material is similar to Figure 1, and the difference is that the volume of the cubic unit cell body 11 of the material shown in Figure 2 changes in a gradient manner in each layer along the vertical direction (that is, L is One layer of the same energy-absorbing material layer 10).

Figures 7 to 9 show functionally graded porous materials in which all the cubic unit cells 11 have the same material and volume, but the wall thickness of the cubic unit cells 11 increases or decreases along a certain direction. In this embodiment, every two layers is a gradient L (L is two layers of the same energy-absorbing material layer 10), that is, the cubic unit cells 11 in every two layers have the same material and volume, but every two layers of cubic unit cells 11, the wall thickness increases or decreases. In addition, the wall thickness of the cubic unit cell body 11 shown in FIG. 3 changes at both ends along the vertical direction, and this situation is also applicable to other embodiments.

The embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material, including the following steps:

S01: Prepare several energy-absorbing material layers 10 with different layer structures, wherein each energy-absorbing material layer 10 includes several interconnected and hollow cubic unit cells 11;

S02: stack and connect each of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 along at least one of the spatially orthogonal three-dimensional directions, and make the structure of each of the cubic unit cells 11 present a gradient along the stacking direction of each of the energy-absorbing material layers 10 arrangement.

In the manufacturing method of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material according to the embodiment of the present invention, each energy-absorbing material layer 10 of the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material produced is formed by interconnecting several hollow cubic unit cells 11, and these cubic units The cell body 11 is arranged and distributed in a gradient manner along one or more directions in the spatially orthogonal three-dimensional direction, so that it presents a functional gradient effect in cushioning or impact energy absorption along this direction, because the cubic unit cell body 11 and the overall The uniqueness of the gradient structure, the functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material has advantages incomparable to other types of porous materials in terms of mechanical properties (especially impact dynamics), that is, not only the size of the porous material is easy to control, but also has functional The gradient effect results in and can effectively withstand unidirectional impacts.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (10)

1. A functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material, characterized in that: it includes several energy-absorbing material layers, and each of the energy-absorbing material layers is stacked and connected along at least one of the spatially orthogonal three-dimensional directions; Each of the energy-absorbing material layers includes a number of interconnected and hollow cubic unit cells, and the structure of each of the cubic unit cells in each of the energy-absorbing material layers is arranged in a gradient manner along the stacking direction of each of the energy-absorbing material layers. . 2. The functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the volumes of the cubic unit cells connected along the stacking direction of the energy-absorbing material layers are arranged in a gradient-like increasing or decreasing manner. 3. The functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wall thickness of each of the cubic unit cells connected along the stacking direction of each of the energy-absorbing material layers is arranged in a gradient-like increasing or decreasing manner . 4. The functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the materials of the cubic unit cells connected along the stacking direction of each energy-absorbing material layer are arranged in a gradient manner. 5. The functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the volume and wall thickness of each of the cubic unit cells connected along the stacking direction of each of the energy-absorbing material layers are gradient-like. or descending order. 6. The functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wall thicknesses of the cubic unit cells connected along the stacking direction of each energy-absorbing material layer are arranged in a gradient-like increasing or decreasing manner And the material is arranged in a gradient style. 7. The functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the volumes of the cubic unit cells connected along the stacking direction of each energy-absorbing material layer are arranged in a gradient-like increasing or decreasing manner; The material is arranged in a gradient-like change. 8. The functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: each of the energy-absorbing material layers connected by stacking has at least one same energy-absorbing material layer as one gradient. 9. The functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: each cubic unit cell of each of the energy-absorbing material layers connected in layers is perpendicular to the three-dimensional direction along space The two opposite directions in are arranged in a gradient. 10. A method for manufacturing a functionally graded porous energy-absorbing material, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Prepare several layers of energy-absorbing material with different structures, wherein each of the energy-absorbing material layers includes several interconnected and hollow cubic unit cells; Each of the energy-absorbing material layers is stacked and connected along at least one of the spatially orthogonal three-dimensional directions, and the structure of each of the cubic unit cells is arranged in a gradient manner along the stacking direction of each of the energy-absorbing material layers.