CN110393879A - A kind of forest grassland fire extinguishing grenade - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a forest grassland fire extinguishing grenade, which comprises an outer casing and a detonator. The inside of the outer casing is filled with fire extinguishing materials and heat-insulating and flame-retardant materials sequentially from the inside to the outside. The fire extinguishing materials include TNT and white phosphorus. TNT, white phosphorus, heat-insulating and flame-retardant materials, and the outer shell are all wrapped in a thin aluminum cylinder, and the TNT is placed in the center of the shell and communicated with the detonator. The existing fire extinguishing technology of the fire extinguishing grenade of the present invention basically requires firefighters to manually extinguish the fire at close range, and the problem that casualties are easily caused to firefighters after the shell is blasted.

Description

A kind of forest grassland fire extinguishing grenade

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fire protection, and in particular relates to a forest and grassland fire extinguishing grenade.

Background technique

Forest fires, especially large-scale forest fires, are considered to be one of the world's major natural disasters, which have the characteristics of wide occurrence, strong suddenness, and difficulty in fighting. Once this type of fire spreads, it will cause heavy casualties of humans and animals, huge property losses, and damage to the ecological environment.

In terms of forest fire extinguishing, so far, the existing fire extinguishing technologies are generally mainly traditional methods such as dry powder, water spray, high-pressure wind, and felling isolation belts. Basically, firefighters need to manually extinguish the fire at close range, and operate the fire extinguisher to eject the fire extinguishing material from the container. Spray to the fire area to extinguish the fire. If the fire is violent, the human body is too close to be dangerous; at the same time, the labor intensity of the firefighters when operating the fire extinguisher is high. When manually extinguishing the fire at a close distance, the shell is likely to cause casualties to the firefighters after the explosion.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing grenade for forests and grasslands in view of the problems that the existing fire extinguishing technology basically requires firefighters to manually extinguish the fire at close range, and the shell is likely to cause casualties to firefighters after the shell is blasted.

The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is as follows:

A forest and grassland fire extinguishing grenade, including an outer casing and a detonator, the inside of the outer casing is filled with fire extinguishing materials, heat insulation and flame retardant materials in sequence from the inside to the outside, the fire extinguishing materials include TNT, white phosphorus, and the TNT, white phosphorus, The heat-insulating and flame-retardant material and the outer shell are wrapped in a thin aluminum cylinder, and the TNT is placed in the center of the shell and communicated with the detonator.

As a preferred method, the detonator is composed of a detonator, a fuse and a safety buckle. One end of the detonator is inserted into the TNT, and the other end is connected to the fuse. Live, the fuse includes, but not limited to, a crash fuse and a time-delay fuse. The delay fuse can be set to burn and detonate the fuse longer than the time from throwing the fire extinguishing grenade to burning the bottom layer, so as to realize the burning of the bottom layer at the fire place and the impact of the bottom layer.

As a preferred method, the outer casing is made of soft, fragile, and non-harmful fiber material after explosion, such as thin aluminum, which is easy to manufacture and shape, and is not easy to cause casualties to firefighters after explosion.

As a preferred manner, the outer casing is circular or oval. Easy to throw while holding it.

As a preferred manner, the heat-insulating and flame-retardant material is expanded graphite, expanded perlite or inorganic mineral materials. The function of heat-insulating and flame-retardant materials is to prevent white phosphorus from spontaneously igniting in advance before the explosion.

As a preferred manner, the total mass of the fire extinguishing grenade is 1.0-125kg. Fire extinguishing grenades can be made into different specifications according to the size of the fire, which is convenient for firefighters to hold and throw or use drones to extinguish the fire.

Fire extinguishing principle: The interior of the fire extinguishing grenade is from the inside to the outside. Main materials: TNT, white phosphorus, heat-insulating and flame-retardant materials, and outer shell; TNT can be made into a short cylindrical shape, filled with detonators, and the detonators are composed of detonators, fuses and safety buttons. , one end of the detonator is inserted into the TNT, and the other end is connected to the ignition wire, and the ignition wire extends to the outside of the housing, and is buckled by a safety buckle and sealed with glue; the safety buckle is closely attached to the outer surface of the housing to ensure safe use The fuse includes but is not limited to the fuse that touches the fuse and the delay fuse. The ignition wire is set to burn and detonate beyond the time from throwing to the bottom of the burning grenade, so that the bottom of the fire is burned and the bottom is impacted; the outside of the TNT is made of thin Aluminum cylindrical wrapping, a thick layer of white phosphorus is filled around the wrapping ring, a larger outer cylindrical wrapping around the white phosphorus, heat-insulating and flame-retardant materials are wrapped around the wrappings, and the outer shell of heat-insulating and flame-retardant materials is used pack.

The fire extinguishing grenade of the present invention throws the material (TNT) and the fire extinguishing substance (white phosphorus) that can generate impact energy into the burning fire field to generate a powerful shock wave, and utilizes the shock wave and the fire extinguishing substance to extinguish the fire; when the fire extinguishing grenade is thrown into the fire, the detonator ignites TNT explodes. After TNT is detonated, white phosphorus can be sprayed with great explosive force to form mist and sprayed on the grass and trees. The white phosphorus will disperse and burn oxygen to extinguish the fire. At the same time, the huge air shock wave caused by the explosion of TNT can also be used to extinguish the fire. effect.

Application of fire extinguishing grenade in extinguishing forest and grassland prairie fire. The fire extinguishing grenade of the present invention is light in weight, convenient to be carried by personnel and transported by plane or drone, and at the same time reduces the labor intensity of firefighters.

Application of fire extinguishing grenade in extinguishing forest and grassland fires. The fire extinguishing grenade of the present invention is light in weight, convenient for personnel to carry, fixed-point delivery by airplane or unmanned aerial vehicle or delivery by fire extinguishing throwing cylinder, and at the same time reduces the labor intensity of firefighters.

Application of fire extinguishing grenade in extinguishing small forest and grassland fires. The fire extinguishing grenade of the present invention is light in weight and is convenient for personnel to carry, and can be directly thrown manually during fire extinguishing, thereby reducing the labor intensity of fire extinguishing team members.

In summary, owing to adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1. The fire extinguishing grenade detonator of the present invention ignites TNT and explodes. After TNT is detonated, white phosphorus can be sprayed with great explosive force to form a mist and scattered on the bushes and trees. The huge air shock wave can also realize the fire extinguishing effect;

2. The fire extinguishing grenade of the present invention is light in weight, and can be quickly transported to the fire scene to extinguish the fire manually, by drone or aircraft, and reduce the labor intensity of firefighters; Minimize the danger to life safety, and eliminate the casualties of firefighters caused by wind turning or collapse or blasting when extinguishing fires at close range;

3. The fire extinguishing grenade of the present invention can realize fire extinguishing or reduce the fire intensity, thereby helping firefighters to fight again and reducing the damage to firefighters;

4. When the fire extinguishing grenade of the present invention is faced with a large-scale fire, it no longer just passively waits for the fire to weaken naturally, but forcibly transports it manually, by drone or aircraft to the fire scene to extinguish the fire, thereby reducing the loss of resources.

5. The fire extinguishing grenade of the present invention can carry out fire extinguishing in all weathers.

Description of drawings

The invention will be illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of fire extinguishing grenade of the present invention.

Reference signs: 1-detonator, 11-detonator, 12-fuse wire, 13-safety buckle, 2-outer shell, 3-heat insulation and flame retardant material, 4-white phosphorus, 5-TNT.

Detailed ways

All features disclosed in this specification, or steps in all methods or processes disclosed, may be combined in any manner, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with FIG. 1 .

Example 1

A forest and grassland fire extinguishing grenade, comprising an outer casing 2 and an explosive 1, the inside of the outer casing 2 is filled with fire extinguishing materials and heat-insulating and flame-retardant materials 3 sequentially from the inside to the outside, and the fire extinguishing materials include TNT5 and white phosphorus 4. The TNT5, white phosphorus 4, heat-insulating and flame-retardant material 3, and the outer casing 2 are all wrapped in a thin aluminum cylinder, and the TNT5 is placed in the center of the casing and communicated with the detonator 1.

Fire extinguishing principle: The main materials inside the fire extinguishing grenade from the inside to the outside: TNT5, white phosphorus 4, heat insulation and flame retardant material 3, outer shell 2; Composed of fuse 12 and safety buckle 13, one end of the detonator 11 is inserted into the TNT5, and the other end is connected to the fuse 12, the fuse 12 extends to the outside of the outer casing 2, is buckled by the safety buckle 13, and sealed with glue The safety buckle 13 is closely attached to the outer surface of the outer casing 2 to ensure safe use; the fuse 12 includes but is not limited to the fuse 12 for collision and the delay fuse 12. The time from throwing to the lowest burning bottom layer realizes the burning of the bottom layer at the fire place and the impact of the bottom layer; the outer cylindrical wrapping of TNT5 is filled with a thick layer of white phosphorus 4 around the ring of the wrapping, and the larger outer cylindrical wrapping around the white phosphorus 4 , wrapping the heat-insulating and flame-retardant material 3 around the wrapping, and wrapping the heat-insulating and flame-retardant material 3 with the outer casing 2.

The fire extinguishing grenade of the present invention throws the material (TNT5) and the fire extinguishing substance (white phosphorus 4) that can generate impact energy into the burning fire field to generate a strong shock wave, and utilizes the shock wave and the fire extinguishing substance to extinguish the fire. The fire extinguishing grenade can be made into different shapes according to the size of the fire. Specifications: When the fire extinguishing grenade is thrown into the fire, the detonator 1 ignites TNT5 and explodes. After the TNT5 is detonated, it can spray the white phosphorus 4 with a great explosive force to form a mist and spray it on the grass and trees. The white phosphorus 4 disperses and spontaneously ignites to burn oxygen Fire extinguishing, at the same time, the huge air shock wave caused by the explosion of TNT5 can also realize the fire extinguishing effect.

The fire extinguishing grenade of the present invention can be used for extinguishing large fires, large area fires or small fires in forests and grasslands. The fire extinguishing grenade of the present invention is light in weight, convenient to be carried by personnel and transported by airplane or drone or directly thrown manually, and at the same time reduces the labor intensity of firefighters.

Example 2

On the basis of Embodiment 1, the detonator 1 is made up of a detonator 11, a fuse 12 and a safety buckle 13, one end of the detonator 11 is inserted into the TNT5, and the other end is connected with a fuse 12, and the fuse 12 extends to Out of the outer shell 2, and buckled by a safety buckle 13, the fuse 12 includes but not limited to a crash fuse 12 and a time-delay fuse 12. Time-delay fuse 12 can be provided with fuse 12 combustion and detonation time exceeds the time of fire extinguishing grenade from throwing to the burning bottom layer, realizes burning at the bottom of the fire place, bottom impact.

Example 3

On the basis of Embodiment 2, the outer casing 2 is made of soft, fragile, and non-harmful fiber material after explosion, such as thin aluminum, which is easy to manufacture and shape, and is not easy to cause casualties to firefighters after explosion.

Example 4

On the basis of Embodiment 3, the outer casing 2 is circular or oval. Easy to throw while holding it.

Example 5

On the basis of Example 1, the heat-insulating and flame-retardant material 3 is expanded graphite, expanded perlite or inorganic mineral materials. The function of the heat-insulating flame-retardant material 3 is to prevent the white phosphorus 4 from spontaneously igniting in advance before the explosion.

Example 6

On the basis of Example 1, the total mass of the fire extinguishing grenade is 1.0-125kg. Fire extinguishing grenades can be made into different specifications according to the size of the fire, which is convenient for firefighters to hold and throw or use drones to extinguish the fire.

Test case

(1) Fire extinguishing mechanism of white phosphorus

When the fire extinguishing grenade is thrown into the fire, the detonator ignites the TNT and explodes. After the TNT is detonated, the white phosphorus can be sprayed with great explosive force to form a mist and sprayed onto the grass and trees. The white phosphorus disperses and burns oxygen to realize fire extinguishing. The reaction is as follows: 4P+5O ₂ =2P ₂ O ₅

According to the law of mass conservation, when the mass of white phosphorus is known, the mass of oxygen required is 1.29 times the mass of white phosphorus, and the density of oxygen is 310 mg/L, then the volume of oxygen required (m ³ ) is about the mass of white phosphorus (kg ) 4 times.

Table 1 The relationship between the amount of white phosphorus in a single fire extinguishing grenade and the oxygen-deprived space in the air

It can be seen from Table 1 that when the amount of white phosphorus used for a single fire extinguishing mine is 0.1kg-0.5kg, the oxygen deprivation space in the air is about 0.4-2m ³ , which can be used for small fires in forests and grasslands, and can be thrown manually. Or be thrown in 30 meters by the throwing cylinder, on the one hand the fire extinguishing grenade of the present invention is light in weight, has alleviated the labor intensity of firefighters, on the other hand the fire extinguishing grenade of the present invention can throw fire extinguishing at a long distance, has avoided the fire to the injury of firefighters; When the amount of white phosphorus for a single fire extinguishing mine is 0.5kg-1kg, the oxygen loss space in the air is about 2-4m ³ . Smaller range is beneficial for firefighters to fight fires on the ground and reduce fire damage to firefighters; when the white phosphorus dosage of a single fire extinguishing mine is 40kg-100kg, the oxygen depletion space in the air is about 160-400m ³ , which can be used in forests In the case of a prairie fire in the grassland, transported by aircraft or drones can control the fire in a small area, which is beneficial for firefighters to extinguish the fire on the ground and reduce the damage to firefighters. If the fire is discovered in time, dispatch in time , All prairie fires can be extinguished in 1-2 hours.

(2) TNT fire extinguishing mechanism

When the fire extinguishing grenade is thrown into the fire, the detonator ignites the TNT and explodes. After the TNT is detonated, the white phosphorus can be sprayed with a great explosive force to form a mist and sprayed on the grass and trees. The huge air shock wave caused by the explosion of the TNT can also be realized. Fire extinguishing effect, according to my country's "Blasting Safety Regulations GB 6722-2014": When blasting in the open air, the amount of general blasting explosives should not exceed 20kg; the formula for calculating the safe distance of blasting vibration is: Among them, R is the safe distance of blasting vibration; Q is the maximum charge allowed for one detonation or the maximum charge of a single stage when detonation is delayed in milliseconds. Table 2 shows the relationship between the safe distance (m) and area (m ² ) of the air shock wave to the workers avoiding guns in the bunker and the TNT dosage of a single fire extinguishing grenade during the open-air blasting.

Table 2 The relationship between the air shock wave's safe distance (radius, m) and area (m ² ) and the TNT dosage of a single fire extinguishing grenade for the workers avoiding guns in the bunker during the open-air blasting

It can be seen from Table 2 that when the TNT dosage of a single fire extinguishing mine is 0.01-0.1kg, the area of the huge air shock wave caused by TNT blasting is about 91-423m ² , which can be used for small fires in forests and grasslands. Manual throwing, or throwing by the throwing cylinder at 30 meters away, on the one hand, the fire extinguishing grenade of the present invention is light in weight, which reduces the labor intensity of firefighters; Injury; when the TNT dosage of a single fire extinguishing mine is 0.3-1.5kg, the area of the huge air shock wave caused by TNT blasting is about 880-2572m ² , which is relatively wide and can be used in the case of large fires in forests and grasslands. Human-machine transportation can eliminate or control the fire in a small area, which is beneficial for firefighters to extinguish fires on the ground and reduce fire damage to firefighters; when the TNT dosage of a single fire extinguishing mine is 1.5-20kg, the TNT blasting caused The area of the huge air shock wave is about 2572-14460m ² , which is wide and can be used in the case of prairie fires in forests and grasslands. It can be transported by aircraft or drones and can control the fire in a small area, which is beneficial for firefighters when fighting fires on the ground Put out the fire to reduce the fire's injury to the firefighters. If the fire is discovered and dispatched in time, all the prairie fires can be extinguished within 1-2 hours.

Claims (6)

1. a fire extinguishing grenade in forest and grassland, is characterized in that, comprises outer casing (2) and detonator (1), and described outer casing (2) inside is filled with fire extinguisher, heat-insulating flame-retardant material ( 3), the fire extinguishing material includes TNT (5), white phosphorus (4), and the TNT (5), white phosphorus (4), heat insulation and flame retardant material (3), and the outer shell (2) are all made of thin aluminum In a cylindrical package, the TNT (5) is placed in the center of the casing and communicated with the detonator (1). 2. a kind of forest grassland fire extinguishing grenade according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described detonator (1) is made up of detonator (11), fuse (12) and safety buckle (13), and described detonator ( 11) One end is inserted into the TNT (5), and the other end is connected to the ignition wire (12). The ignition wire (12) extends to the outside of the outer casing (2) and is buckled by a safety buckle (13). The ignition wire (12) include but not limited to touch and explode fuse (12), delay fuse (12). 3. A kind of forest and grassland fire extinguishing grenade according to claim 1, characterized in that, the outer shell (2) is made of soft, fragile, non-harmful fiber material after explosion. 4. A kind of forest and grassland fire extinguishing grenade according to claim 3, characterized in that, the outer casing (2) is circular or oval. 5. A kind of forest and grassland fire extinguishing grenade according to claim 1, characterized in that, the heat-insulating and flame-retardant material (3) is expanded graphite, expanded perlite or inorganic mineral materials. 6. A forest and grassland fire extinguishing grenade according to claim 1, characterized in that the total mass of the fire extinguishing grenade is 1.0-125kg.