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CN110384700A - 一种合成尼古丁的组合物 - Google Patents

一种合成尼古丁的组合物 Download PDF

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CN110384700A
CN110384700A CN201910826162.3A CN201910826162A CN110384700A CN 110384700 A CN110384700 A CN 110384700A CN 201910826162 A CN201910826162 A CN 201910826162A CN 110384700 A CN110384700 A CN 110384700A
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nicotine
synthesis
acid
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composition
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燕宁宁
王松峰
曹迎辉
陈征
张勇
陈岳锋
黄振楠
袁盛洪
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Yunnan Xike Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to US16/734,413 priority patent/US11091457B2/en
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种合成尼古丁的组合物，包括合成尼古丁、合成尼古丁盐和合成尼古丁衍生物，所述合成尼古丁、合成尼古丁盐和合成尼古丁衍生物中以质量百分数计，所述合成尼古丁为1‑20％，所述合成尼古丁盐为30‑70％，所述合成尼古丁衍生物为20‑50％，所述合成尼古丁为S‑尼古丁和包含外消旋体的R‑尼古丁与S‑尼古丁的混合物中一种或几种。本发明合成尼古丁、合成尼古丁盐和合成尼古丁衍生物，按照比例混合制成现有合成尼古丁制品，减少天然提取尼古丁产品中杂质影响其难闻、味苦、挥发性强的问题，可用于低温加热不燃烧制品、鼻烟、电子烟、尼古丁释放贴剂、杀虫剂、除草剂、杀菌剂、药物合成等领域。

Description

一种合成尼古丁的组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及合成尼古丁技术领域，尤其涉及一种合成尼古丁的组合物。
背景技术
尼古丁又名烟碱，是一种粘稠无色或淡黄色的油状液体，主要存在于茄科植物中。尼古丁是一种生理兴奋剂，通过肺粘膜和口腔黏膜扩散至全身，进入大脑后与许多神经元表面的烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)结合，引起多巴胺等神经递质的释放，会让人感到兴奋和愉悦，降低焦虑感和紧张反应。目前有研究表明尼古丁一定程度上对治疗帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、精神分裂症、溃疡性结肠炎和抑郁症有积极的作用。
目前市面上的尼古丁产品主要是天然尼古丁，是从烟草原料中提取得来的。其包含了一些杂质，主要有通过降解形成的杂质和一些微量生物碱杂质，如新烟草碱、毒藜碱、可替宁、麦斯明(myosmine)、β-二烯烟碱、烟碱-N-氧化物等。受原料产地和品质的影响，天然尼古丁产品中杂质的种类和含量上会有不同。由于天然提取尼古丁产品中的这些杂质与尼古丁非常接近，工艺上很难去掉。而欧洲药典、英国药典和美国药典也均对尼古丁杂质的含量进行了不同程度的限定。此外，以烟草源提取的尼古丁难闻、味苦、挥发性强，在空气中极易氧化为暗红色，这些都极大地限制了其应用。
目前，关于尼古丁的研究主要集中在尼古丁盐和尼古丁复合物等方面。如专利CN107536099A公开的一种尼古丁盐及其制备方法；专利CN108323791A公开的一种尼古丁-氧化锌复合物、其制备方法及包含其的烟草制品；专利CN109619655A公开的一种复合尼古丁盐及其溶液其制备方法及应用；专利CN109171010A公开的液态尼古丁及其制备方法。但这些专利都是以烟草源提取的尼古丁为原料，存在着上述的诸多问题。专利CN107011321A公开的一种人工合成消旋体尼古丁的制备方法，成功合成了高纯度的消旋体尼古丁，这说明尼古丁可以通过化学路径合成。但目前关于合成尼古丁制品的应用研究鲜有报道。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题，本发明提出了一种合成尼古丁的组合物。
本发明提出的一种合成尼古丁的组合物，包括合成尼古丁、合成尼古丁盐和合成尼古丁衍生物，所述合成尼古丁、合成尼古丁盐和合成尼古丁衍生物中以质量百分数计，所述合成尼古丁为1-20％，所述合成尼古丁盐为30-70％，所述合成尼古丁衍生物为20-50％，所述合成尼古丁为S-尼古丁和包含外消旋体的R-尼古丁与S-尼古丁的混合物中一种或几种，所述合成尼古丁盐为合成尼古丁与有机酸混合物反应生成，所述尼古丁衍生物包含尼古丁咪唑类衍生物、尼古丁胺类衍生物和尼古丁氨基酸类衍生物中的一种或几种。
优选地，所述合成尼古丁盐的合成物有机酸混合物为基本有机酸基与甲酸、乙酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、乙酰丙酸、乳酸、天冬氨酸、月桂酸、草莓酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸中的一种或几种混配使用。
优选地，所述有机酸混合物合成物中基本有机酸基包含苯甲酸、山梨酸和亚麻酸，且苯甲酸、山梨酸和亚麻酸以质量百分数计，其中苯甲酸为50-80％，山梨酸1-20％，亚麻酸10-30％。
优选地，所述尼古丁咪唑类衍生物包含咪唑、5-甲基咪唑、2-乙基咪唑、4,5-二甲基咪唑、苯并咪唑、3,4-二甲基苯并咪唑中的一种或几种的混合物。
优选地，所述尼古丁胺类衍生物包含四氢吡咯、1-甲基哌嗪，3,4-二氯苯、对乙酰基苯胺中的一种或几种的混合物。
优选地，所述尼古丁氨基酸衍生物包含烟碱甘氨酸甲酯和脯氨酸甲酯衍生物中的一种或两种的混合物。
本发明中的有益效果为：本合成尼古丁组合物通过合成尼古丁为基本混料，利用合成尼古丁合成合成尼古丁盐，再通过合成尼古丁盐和合成尼古丁衍生物配合上基本混料，按照比例混合制成现有合成尼古丁制品，减少天然提取尼古丁产品中杂质影响其难闻、味苦、挥发性强的问题，通过合成提高尼古丁的生产量，使其可用于低温加热不燃烧制品、鼻烟、电子烟、尼古丁释放贴剂、杀虫剂、除草剂、杀菌剂、药物合成等领域。
附图说明
图1为本发明提出的一种合成尼古丁的组合物的实施例一中组合成分示意图；
图2为本发明提出的一种合成尼古丁的组合物的实施例二中组合成分示意图；
图3为本发明提出的一种合成尼古丁的组合物的实施例三中组合成分示意图；
图4为本发明提出的一种合成尼古丁的组合物的实施例四中组合成分示意图；
图5为本发明提出的一种合成尼古丁的组合物的实施例五中组合成分示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
实施例1
一种合成尼古丁的组合物，包含1％的纯合成S-尼古丁，70％的合成尼古丁盐，29％的5-甲基咪唑、四氢吡咯和1-甲基哌嗪的尼古丁衍生物的混合物。组合物中的合成尼古丁盐由纯合成S-尼古丁与有机酸混合物反应生成。有机酸混合物包含：苯甲酸50％，山梨酸20％，亚麻酸20％，柠檬酸10％。该组合物可用于低温加热不燃烧制品。
实施例2
一种合成尼古丁的组合物，包含20％的纯合成S-尼古丁，50％的合成尼古丁盐，30％的合成尼古丁甘氨酸甲酯。组合物中的合成尼古丁盐由纯合成S-尼古丁与有机酸混合物反应生成。有机酸混合物包含：苯甲酸73％，山梨酸10％，亚麻酸10％，乳酸7％。该组合物可用于电子烟制品。
实施例3
一种合成尼古丁的组合物，包含20％的含外消旋体的合成S-尼古丁和合成R-尼古丁的混合物，30％的合成尼古丁盐，50％的3,4-二甲基苯并咪唑和3,4-二氯苯的合成尼古丁衍生物的混合物。组合物中的合成尼古丁盐由含外消旋体的合成S-尼古丁和合成R-尼古丁的混合物与有机酸混合物反应生成。有机酸混合物包含：苯甲酸76％，山梨酸1％，亚麻酸20％，月桂酸1％，柠檬酸2％。该组合物可用于杀虫剂或杀菌剂。
实施例4
一种合成尼古丁的组合物，包含15％的含外消旋体的合成S-尼古丁和合成R-尼古丁的混合物，65％的合成尼古丁盐，20％的脯氨酸甲酯衍生物和2-乙基咪唑的合成尼古丁衍生物的混合物。组合物中的合成尼古丁盐由含外消旋体的合成S-尼古丁和合成R-尼古丁的混合物与有机酸混合物反应生成。有机酸混合物包含：苯甲酸60％，山梨酸5％，亚麻酸20％，苹果酸10％，天冬氨酸2.5％、棕榈酸2.5％。该组合物可用于鼻烟或尼古丁释放贴剂制品。
实施例5
一种合成尼古丁的组合物，包含15％的含外消旋体的合成S-尼古丁和合成R-尼古丁的混合物，30％的合成尼古丁盐，55％的咪唑、4,5-二甲基咪唑、1-甲基哌嗪和四氢吡咯的合成尼古丁衍生物的混合物。组合物中的合成尼古丁盐由纯合成S-尼古丁与有机酸混合物反应生成。有机酸混合物包含：苯甲酸60％，山梨酸5％，亚麻酸20％，苹果酸10％，月桂酸5％。该组合物可作为药物合成原料。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种合成尼古丁的组合物，包括合成尼古丁、合成尼古丁盐和合成尼古丁衍生物，其特征在于，所述合成尼古丁、合成尼古丁盐和合成尼古丁衍生物中以质量百分数计，所述合成尼古丁为1-20％，所述合成尼古丁盐为30-70％，所述合成尼古丁衍生物为20-50％，所述合成尼古丁为S-尼古丁和包含外消旋体的R-尼古丁与S-尼古丁的混合物中一种或几种，所述合成尼古丁盐为合成尼古丁与有机酸混合物反应生成，所述尼古丁衍生物包含尼古丁咪唑类衍生物、尼古丁胺类衍生物和尼古丁氨基酸类衍生物中的一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种合成尼古丁的组合物，其特征在于，所述合成尼古丁盐的合成物有机酸混合物为基本有机酸基与甲酸、乙酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、乙酰丙酸、乳酸、天冬氨酸、月桂酸、草莓酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸中的一种或几种混配使用。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种合成尼古丁的组合物，其特征在于，所述有机酸混合物合成物中基本有机酸基包含苯甲酸、山梨酸和亚麻酸，且苯甲酸、山梨酸和亚麻酸以质量百分数计，其中苯甲酸为50-80％，山梨酸1-20％，亚麻酸10-30％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种合成尼古丁的组合物，其特征在于，所述尼古丁咪唑类衍生物包含咪唑、5-甲基咪唑、2-乙基咪唑、4,5-二甲基咪唑、苯并咪唑、3,4-二甲基苯并咪唑中的一种或几种的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种合成尼古丁的组合物，其特征在于，所述尼古丁胺类衍生物包含四氢吡咯、1-甲基哌嗪，3,4-二氯苯、对乙酰基苯胺中的一种或几种的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种合成尼古丁的组合物，其特征在于，所述尼古丁氨基酸衍生物包含烟碱甘氨酸甲酯和脯氨酸甲酯衍生物中的一种或两种的混合物。
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