CN110380493B - Voltage equalizing circuit of lithium batteries connected in series - Google Patents
Voltage equalizing circuit of lithium batteries connected in series Download PDFInfo
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- CN110380493B CN110380493B CN201910809193.8A CN201910809193A CN110380493B CN 110380493 B CN110380493 B CN 110380493B CN 201910809193 A CN201910809193 A CN 201910809193A CN 110380493 B CN110380493 B CN 110380493B
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- battery pack
- switching tube
- type switching
- battery
- inductor
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a voltage equalizing circuit of lithium batteries in series, which comprises a battery pack, a high-frequency multiport transformer, a primary side half-bridge circuit and a plurality of secondary side half-bridge circuits, wherein the battery pack consists of an even number of lithium batteries which are sequentially connected in series; the primary side half-bridge circuit comprises an N-type switching tube S A, and the drain electrode of the N-type switching tube S A is respectively connected with the anode of the battery pack and one end of a capacitor C1; the source electrode of the N-type switching tube S A is respectively connected with one end of the inductor L P1 and the drain electrode of the N-type switching tube S B; the source electrode of the N-type switch tube S B is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the battery pack and one end of the capacitor C2; the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with one end of the primary coil T P and the other end of the capacitor C2 respectively; the other end of the primary winding T P is connected to the other end of the inductor L P1. The invention has simple circuit structure and low cost, and avoids the influence of the lowest voltage of the single battery in the lithium battery pack on the effective capacity of the battery pack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium battery voltage equalizing, in particular to a series lithium battery voltage equalizing circuit.
Background
Along with the progress of the related technology of the battery, the lithium battery has the advantages of high energy density, environment friendliness, no memory effect and the like, and is widely applied to the occasions such as the vehicle-mounted battery of the new energy electric automobile and the like in the energy storage link of the new energy distributed micro-power generation network.
Because the single voltage of the lithium ion battery is relatively low, in practical application, the load requirement of high power class cannot be met, and a certain number of batteries are required to be connected in series to form a battery pack to meet the practical battery voltage requirement. However, the lithium ion battery is limited by the current manufacturing process and the influence of the working temperature and other environments, and the problem of inconsistent parameters such as battery capacity, equivalent internal resistance and the like can occur in the actual working process of the lithium ion battery.
The voltage and remaining capacity of each battery is affected by its battery parameters. The inconsistency of the battery parameters in the battery packs directly causes the inconsistency of the battery voltages and the inconsistency of the remaining capacities in the same battery pack. The effective capacity of the battery pack mainly depends on the lowest voltage single battery in the battery pack, so that the service life and the service efficiency of the battery pack can be influenced by the excessive pressure difference of the single voltage in the same battery pack.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the voltage equalizing circuit for the series lithium battery provided by the invention solves the problem that the minimum voltage of the single battery in the lithium battery pack influences the effective capacity of the battery pack.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The voltage equalizing circuit for the lithium batteries in series comprises a battery pack, a high-frequency multiport transformer, a primary side half-bridge circuit and a plurality of secondary side half-bridge circuits, wherein the battery pack consists of an even number of lithium batteries which are sequentially connected in series; the primary side half-bridge circuit comprises an N-type switching tube S A, and the drain electrode of the N-type switching tube S A is respectively connected with the anode of the battery pack and one end of a capacitor C1; the source electrode of the N-type switching tube S A is respectively connected with one end of the inductor L P1 and the drain electrode of the N-type switching tube S B; the source electrode of the N-type switch tube S B is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the battery pack and one end of the capacitor C2; the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with one end of the primary coil T P and the other end of the capacitor C2 respectively; the other end of the primary coil T P is connected with the other end of the inductor L P1;
Every two adjacent lithium batteries form a battery pack and correspond to a secondary side half-bridge circuit, the mth secondary side half-bridge circuit comprises an N-type switching tube S 2m-1, and the drain electrode of the N-type switching tube S 2m-1 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery pack corresponding to the N-type switching tube S 2m-1; the source electrode of the N-type switching tube S 2m-1 is respectively connected with the drain electrode of the N-type switching tube S 2m and one end of the inductor L sm; the other end of the inductor L sm is connected with one end of the secondary coil T sm; the other end of the secondary side coil T sm is connected to the positive and negative electrode serial lines of the two lithium batteries corresponding to the secondary side coil T sm; the source electrode of the N-type switch tube S 2m is connected with the cathode of the corresponding battery pack.
Further, one end of the primary coil T P connected with the inductor L P1 is the same-name end; the end of the secondary coil T sm connected with the inductor L sm is the same name end.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the circuit has simple structure, low cost and convenient control mode, can realize the energy transfer of batteries in the battery packs, the energy transfer among the battery packs and the energy transfer of primary and secondary sides, can realize the voltage equalizing of the battery packs with complex voltage distribution, and avoids the influence of the lowest voltage of the single batteries in the lithium battery packs on the effective capacity of the battery packs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the present invention for energy transfer within a battery pack;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the present invention for energy transfer between battery packs;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the present invention for primary and secondary energy transfer;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the operational equivalent waveforms of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the current mode of the working mode 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the current mode of the working mode 2 of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a current mode of the operation mode 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and all the inventions which make use of the inventive concept are protected by the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined in the appended claims to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, the series lithium battery voltage equalizing circuit comprises a battery pack, a high-frequency multiport transformer, a primary side half-bridge circuit and a plurality of secondary side half-bridge circuits, wherein the battery pack consists of an even number of lithium batteries which are sequentially connected in series; the primary side half-bridge circuit comprises an N-type switching tube S A, and the drain electrode of the N-type switching tube S A is respectively connected with the anode of the battery pack and one end of a capacitor C1; the source electrode of the N-type switching tube S A is respectively connected with one end of the inductor L P1 and the drain electrode of the N-type switching tube S B; the source electrode of the N-type switch tube S B is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the battery pack and one end of the capacitor C2; the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with one end of the primary coil T P and the other end of the capacitor C2 respectively; the other end of the primary coil T P is connected with the other end of the inductor L P1;
Every two adjacent lithium batteries form a battery pack and correspond to a secondary side half-bridge circuit, the mth secondary side half-bridge circuit comprises an N-type switching tube S 2m-1, and the drain electrode of the N-type switching tube S 2m-1 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery pack corresponding to the N-type switching tube S 2m-1; the source electrode of the N-type switching tube S 2m-1 is respectively connected with the drain electrode of the N-type switching tube S 2m and one end of the inductor L sm; the other end of the inductor L sm is connected with one end of the secondary coil T sm; the other end of the secondary side coil T sm is connected to the positive and negative electrode serial lines of the two lithium batteries corresponding to the secondary side coil T sm; the source electrode of the N-type switch tube S 2m is connected with the cathode of the corresponding battery pack.
One end of the primary coil T P connected with the inductor L P1 is the same-name end; the end of the secondary coil T sm connected with the inductor L sm is the same name end.
In a specific implementation process, an operating equivalent waveform diagram of the invention is shown in fig. 5, and the voltage equalizing circuit topology of the invention is essentially single-inductance voltage equalizing and multi-port DC-DC converter for transmitting energy. In various operating states, three different energy transmission modes are represented.
As shown in fig. 2, in the first operating state, energy is transferred in the battery pack, the voltage of the battery (or capacitor) is detected, if the voltage of the upper battery is higher than the voltage of the lower battery, the switching tube corresponding to the upper battery is opened in the duty cycle time, the upper battery is discharged through the inductor, the inductor stores energy, the inductor current freewheels after the duty cycle time is over, and the energy is released to the lower battery with low voltage. The positive electrode of the single lithium battery in each battery pack is used as the upper battery, and the negative electrode of the single lithium battery in each battery pack is used as the lower battery. Taking the secondary half-bridge circuit (Module 1) as an example, which is fully shown in fig. 1, in the drawing, the battery B 1 is an upper battery, the corresponding switching tube is a switching tube S 1, in the drawing, the battery B 2 is a lower battery, and the corresponding switching tube is a switching tube S 2.
As shown in fig. 3, in the second working state, energy transfer between battery packs is performed, and the secondary side half-bridge circuit is connected through the high-frequency multi-port transformer to form a ratio of 1:1: …: 1. The battery pack with the battery voltage higher than the voltage of the secondary side of the transformer discharges to the transformer at the same time, and the transformer charges the battery pack with the battery voltage lower than the voltage of the transformer. After a number of cycles, the cell voltages of the respective battery packs tend to be equal.
As shown in fig. 4, the third working state is monomer and integral energy balance, and the secondary side half-bridge circuit and the primary side half-bridge circuit are connected together through a high-frequency multiport transformer, and the composition ratio is n:1: …:1, in a second way. The current of the secondary side half-bridge circuit is still determined by the battery voltage of each battery pack and the voltage of the high-frequency multi-port transformer, and the primary side current is the same as the sum of all battery pack currents of the secondary side after being converted by the high-frequency multi-port transformer. And the current at the primary side charges and discharges the whole battery pack through the upper bus and the lower bus, so that the energy exchange of the whole battery pack is realized.
In one embodiment of the present invention, when the transformer voltage is lower than all of the battery cell voltages, all of the secondary side half-bridge circuits discharge to the high frequency multi-port transformer, so that the current of the primary side half-bridge circuit is the sum of all of the secondary side half-bridge circuit currents. In this mode, the current flowing direction of the whole topology is single and fixed, which is beneficial to analysis, so the analysis is performed by taking this mode as an example and combining the voltage current waveform and the circuit mode diagram. In order to make all the batteries equal to the average voltage in the mode, only the switching tube corresponding to the battery with the voltage higher than the average voltage is turned on.
As shown in fig. 6, the operation mode 1: and detecting the upper battery in each battery pack at the secondary side, and opening a secondary side switch tube in the first j battery packs with the upper battery voltage higher than the average voltage at the time t 0. At this time, the switching tube S A corresponding to the primary side is turned on, energy flows out from all the upper cells in the previous j cell groups, the inductor L s1…Lsj is charged through the switching tube corresponding to each of the upper cells, i ls1…ilsj rises linearly, energy is transmitted to the primary side through the high-frequency multi-port transformer, i Lp rises linearly, and energy is transmitted to the whole cell pack through the switching tube S A. The induced voltage V TS is also present on the last k windings of the secondary side of the high frequency multiport transformer, but the body diode of S k1 is not turned on due to the transformer transformation ratio setting V TS<VBk1+VD. There is no current path. This stage enables the transfer of individual battery energy to the overall battery pack.
As shown in fig. 7, the operation mode 2: at time t 1, the first j odd-numbered switching tubes S 1…S2j-1 and the switching tubes S A are turned off simultaneously, energy stored in the high-frequency multi-port transformer inductor is freewheeled through the anti-parallel diodes of the first j odd-numbered switching tubes S 1…S2j-1 and S A respectively, the primary side is released to the whole battery pack through the diode of the switching tube S A, and the secondary side is released to the group inner lower battery corresponding to the upper battery discharged in the previous cycle through the diode of the first j even-numbered switching tubes S 1…S2j-1. In this stage, the secondary side realizes single-inductor voltage equalizing in the secondary side half-bridge circuit, and the primary side realizes the transmission of inductive energy to the whole. Although each secondary side half-bridge circuit has a fast and slow inductor discharge speed due to the difference of the respective battery voltages, each secondary side half-bridge circuit can slowly freewheel in dead time along with the time, and at the time t 2, all secondary side half-bridge circuits finish freewheel, and only exciting current exists in the circuit. The stage realizes the release of the inductance stored energy to the low-voltage battery, and is the lower half stage of single inductance voltage equalizing.
As shown in fig. 8, the operation mode 3: the phase is the follow current phase of exciting current, and because the high-frequency multi-port transformer is out of operation, the exciting current can only follow current through the capacitor C2, the body diode of the switch tube S B and the primary side inductor L P1. The voltage of the switching tube S B is clamped to zero, and soft switching of the switching tube S B is realized at time t 3. The energy release from the high voltage cells to the entire stack and the low voltage cells in the stack in the next half cycle is initiated.
In summary, the circuit has simple structure, low cost and convenient control mode, can realize battery energy transfer in the battery packs, energy transfer among the battery packs and primary and secondary side energy transfer, can realize voltage equalizing on the battery packs with complex voltage distribution, and avoids the influence of the lowest voltage of the single batteries in the lithium battery packs on the effective capacity of the battery packs.
Claims (2)
1. The voltage equalizing circuit for the lithium batteries in series is characterized by comprising a battery pack, a high-frequency multiport transformer, a primary side half-bridge circuit and a plurality of secondary side half-bridge circuits, wherein the battery pack consists of an even number of lithium batteries which are sequentially connected in series; the primary side half-bridge circuit comprises an N-type switching tube S A, and the drain electrode of the N-type switching tube S A is respectively connected with the anode of the battery pack and one end of a capacitor C1; the source electrode of the N-type switching tube S A is respectively connected with one end of the inductor L P1 and the drain electrode of the N-type switching tube S B; the source electrode of the N-type switch tube S B is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the battery pack and one end of the capacitor C2; the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with one end of the primary coil T P and the other end of the capacitor C2 respectively; the other end of the primary side coil T P is connected with the other end of the inductor L P1;
Every two adjacent lithium batteries form a battery pack and correspond to a secondary side half-bridge circuit, the mth secondary side half-bridge circuit comprises an N-type switching tube S 2m-1, and the drain electrode of the N-type switching tube S 2m-1 is connected with the positive electrode of the battery pack corresponding to the N-type switching tube S 2m-1; the source electrode of the N-type switching tube S 2m-1 is respectively connected with the drain electrode of the N-type switching tube S 2m and one end of the inductor L sm; the other end of the inductor L sm is connected with one end of the secondary side coil T sm; the other end of the secondary side coil T sm is connected to the positive and negative electrode serial lines of the two lithium batteries corresponding to the secondary side coil T sm; the source electrode of the N-type switch tube S 2m is connected with the cathode of the corresponding battery pack.
2. The voltage equalizing circuit of the lithium battery in series according to claim 1, wherein one end of the primary coil T P connected with the inductor L P1 is the same name end; one end of the secondary side coil T sm connected with the inductor L sm is the same-name end.
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| CN201910809193.8A CN110380493B (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2019-08-29 | Voltage equalizing circuit of lithium batteries connected in series |
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| CN201910809193.8A CN110380493B (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2019-08-29 | Voltage equalizing circuit of lithium batteries connected in series |
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| CN110380493B true CN110380493B (en) | 2024-07-05 |
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| CN113098115B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-08-17 | 西南交通大学 | Resonant series battery voltage equalizing circuit based on multi-port transformer and its realization method |
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| CN210074845U (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2020-02-14 | 西南交通大学 | Voltage-sharing circuit of series lithium batteries |
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| US5666041A (en) * | 1996-08-27 | 1997-09-09 | The University Of Toledo | Battery equalization circuit with ramp converter |
| KR101188944B1 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2012-10-08 | 한국과학기술원 | Charge equalization apparatus with parallel connection of secondary windings of multiple transformers |
| CN101369741B (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2011-05-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Apparatus and method for electric voltage equalization of accumulator units connected in series |
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| US8937822B2 (en) * | 2011-05-08 | 2015-01-20 | Paul Wilkinson Dent | Solar energy conversion and utilization system |
| US9099870B2 (en) * | 2011-06-11 | 2015-08-04 | Sendyne Corporation | Charge redistribution method for cell arrays |
| WO2013061461A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-02 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | Battery system |
| TW201336200A (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2013-09-01 | Univ Nat Cheng Kung | Battery equalization circuits for series charging/discharging and controlling methods thereof |
| KR20140132591A (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2014-11-18 | 전남대학교산학협력단 | Apparatus for balancing battery |
| US9537329B2 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2017-01-03 | General Electronics Applications, Inc. | Battery management circuit maintaining cell voltages between a minimum and a maximum during charging and discharging |
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| CN203589784U (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2014-05-07 | 华南理工大学 | Half-bridge ZVS battery string equalization circuit |
| CN210074845U (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2020-02-14 | 西南交通大学 | Voltage-sharing circuit of series lithium batteries |
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