CN110373130A - 一种板材胶粘剂环保填料及其应用方法 - Google Patents
一种板材胶粘剂环保填料及其应用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种板材胶粘剂环保填料，由以下各原料按重量百分比混合均匀后制成：粘土矿粉26%～44%、无机填料42%～56%、有机填料7%～24%、增稠改性剂1%～5%，所述粘土矿粉为海泡石、蒙脱石、凹凸棒石、高岭石中的一种或几种；所述无机填料为方解石粉、滑石粉、石英粉中的一种或几种；所述有机填料为膨化玉米粉、面粉、淀粉、木粉中的一种或几种；所述增稠改性剂为纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、硅酸钠、植物胶中的一种或几种。本发明还提供了该填料的应用方法。采用本发明提供的板材胶粘剂环保填料，使得最终制备的胶粘剂在耐水性和胶合强度上有明显提高，且对甲醛释放有抑制作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及板材胶粘剂填料技术领域以及其在脲醛树脂胶粘剂中的应用，具体地说是一种板材胶粘剂环保填料，属于非金属矿深加工领域，产品适用于胶粘剂和木制品行业。
背景技术
2017年底，我国保有胶合板类产品生产企业近5500家，生产胶合板类产品1.8904亿立方米，占全部人造板产量的64.1%，产值约4380亿元。其中木胶合板1.5693亿立方米、竹胶合板572万立方米、其它胶合板930万立方米、细木工板1709万立方米。过去10年中国板材类产品产量年均增速达到14.5%，是人造板中增幅最快的板种。
市场上75%以上的胶合板采用的胶粘剂是甲醛系脲醛树脂，脲醛树脂制品在使用过程中会缓慢释放甲醛、长期污染环境。目前，大多数板材企业使用的胶粘剂填料均为小麦面粉，小麦面粉本身没有降低甲醛的作用，大量使用不仅浪费粮食，而且增加工厂生产成本。虽然市场上替代面粉作为胶合板填料的产品有很多，但是能够达到面粉填料强度且降低甲醛释放量的几乎没有，大多工艺复杂、成本较高，且去除甲醛后胶合强度偏低。专利申请号“201811021808.2”公开了一种“胶合板胶用环保填料及其制备工艺”，该专利相比市场上现有的其他胶用填料，能有效吸附甲醛和抑制霉菌。但该专利制备的填料与胶水混合后，胶水固化时间较短，故要求从施胶到冷压的间隔时间不能太长，对工艺要求较为严格，且胶粘剂存在耐水性差、流动性不佳的问题，成本优势不明显。
发明内容
鉴于背景技术存在的问题，本发明的目的是提供一种板材胶粘剂环保填料，并通过在使用过程中加入pH调节剂，使得最终制备的胶粘剂在耐水性和胶合强度上有明显提高，且对甲醛释放有抑制作用。
本发明所采用的技术方案如下：一种板材胶粘剂环保填料，由以下各原料按重量百分比混合均匀后制成：粘土矿粉26%～44%、无机填料42%～56%、有机填料7%～24%、增稠改性剂1%～5%，所述粘土矿粉为海泡石、蒙脱石、凹凸棒石、高岭石中的一种或几种；
所述无机填料为方解石粉、滑石粉、石英粉中的一种或几种；所述有机填料为膨化玉米粉、面粉、淀粉、木粉中的一种或几种；所述增稠改性剂为纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、硅酸钠、植物胶中的一种或几种。
优选地，所述粘土矿粉、无机填料、有机填料的颗粒度均不低于200目。
本发明还提供了上述板材胶粘剂环保填料的应用方法，包括如下步骤：（1）将粘土矿粉、无机填料、有机填料、增稠改性剂按比例在高速搅拌机中充分混合均匀；（2）将制备的板材胶粘剂环保填料与脲醛树脂胶水按20～45：100的重量比例混合调胶并加入混合后胶液总重量0.3%～1.5%的pH调节剂混合，调节胶液pH值至pH=5～6.5。
优选地，所述pH调节剂为盐酸、草酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、硫酸铵、过硫酸铵、氯化铵、磷酸二氢铵中的一种或几种。
本发明产生的有益效果是：
（1）本发明利用粘土矿粉对甲醛具有的良好吸附性作为脲醛树脂胶的填料来抑制胶水中甲醛的释放，粘土矿粉具有成本低廉的优势，但单纯的使用粘土矿粉作为填料会导致胶水初粘性差、制备的板材胶合强度低，本发明通过有机填料和增稠改性剂的合理加入提高了胶水粘度和初粘性（本发明黏度为30000～80000mPa.s，同比例面粉黏度为15000～40000mPa.s），相比于其它同样添加了增稠剂的替代面粉，本发明的增稠剂由于黏度更大，能以极少的加入量获得比面粉更高的黏度，并不因增稠剂的加入降低流动性，能很好的控制施胶量；且增稠剂与脲醛树脂胶有很好的融合性，黏度增加也可以在海泡石与脲醛树脂胶之间形成增强网状结构，有效提高胶合板的胶合强度；
（2）本发明通过加入无机填料降低产品制备成本，且无机填料本身具有一定的粘度，能提高胶水粘接力、并改善胶水流动性，利于施胶；无机填料的加入也能较好的改善部分粘土矿粉颜色偏暗的缺点，提高产品的白度；
（3）本发明制备的板材胶黏剂环保填料pH偏弱碱性，但由于脲醛树脂胶需在酸性条件下固化以提高力学性能，故在使用本发明制备的板材胶黏剂环保填料时，在调胶过程中加入酸或酸性化合物，调节胶液的pH至弱酸性（pH=5.5～6.5），不仅可以缩短脲醛树脂胶的固化时间、提高生产效率，而且可以提高交联密度、保证胶合质量、减少游离甲醛释放；由于pH调节剂是在后期现场加入，可根据现场温湿度和胶的固化速度调整加入量，无论在冬季气温较低时还是在夏季气温较高时，且无论在南方环境湿度较大还在北方环境湿度较干燥，本发明均具有较好的适用性。现本发明已在山东、广东、广西、湖南、浙江等多个胶合板和建筑模板生产厂家得到应用；
（4）本发明生产工艺简单、原料来源广泛且配置合理，解决了现有技术成本过高、流动性差等问题，并且能够有效抑制板材中的甲醛释放。本发明制备的板材在冷压后不散板，热压后具备足够的胶合强度，相比现有市面上使用的面粉及其替代品，效果明显更优。尤其是本发明能提高板材的耐水性，使得本发明不仅可以应用在家装胶合板生产领域还能用于建筑模板的生产；
（5）采用本发明制备的板材经国家人造板与木竹制品质量监督检验中心检测，胶合强度为0.88MPa符合GB/T 9846-2015要求；其游离甲醛释放量0.1mg/m3符合GB 18580-2017中游离甲醛释放量E1级（≤0.124mg/m3）标准。
具体实施方式
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释，其并不是对本发明的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
本发明提供的板材胶粘剂环保填料， 由以下各原料按重量百分比混合均匀后制成：粘土矿粉26%～44%、无机填料42%～56%、有机填料7%～24%、增稠改性剂1%～5%，所述粘土矿粉为海泡石、蒙脱石、凹凸棒石、高岭石中的一种或几种；所述无机填料为方解石粉、滑石粉、石英粉中的一种或几种；所述有机填料为膨化玉米粉、面粉、淀粉、木粉中的一种或几种；所述增稠改性剂为纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、硅酸钠、植物胶中的一种或几种。
实施例1
（1）按重量百分比将海泡石18%、膨润土14%、凹凸棒土6%、方解石36%、滑石粉12%、面粉8%、淀粉4%、纤维素4%、聚乙烯醇1%加入高速搅拌机中直至混合均匀；
（2）将混合好的填料按30%的重量比加入脲醛树脂胶中调胶，并加入胶液量0.5%的酒石酸调节胶液pH值至6。
实施例2
（1）按重量百分比将海泡石12%、膨润土20%、方解石29%、滑石粉19%、面粉12%、膨化玉米粉6%、聚丙烯酰胺1%、硅酸钠3%加入高速搅拌机中直至混合均匀；
（2）将混合好的填料按25%的重量比加入脲醛树脂胶中调胶，并加入胶液量1%的草酸调节胶液pH值至6。
实施例3
（1）按重量百分比将海泡石21%、膨润土13%、凹凸棒土10%、方解石26%、滑石粉21%、木粉7%、聚丙烯酸钠1%、植物胶1%加入高速搅拌机直至混合均匀；
（2）将混合好的填料按20%的重量比加入脲醛树脂胶中调胶，并加入胶液量0.7%的磷酸二氢铵和胶液量0.4%的过硫酸铵调节胶液pH值至6。
应理解，该实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外，应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种板材胶粘剂环保填料，其特征在于, 由以下各原料按重量百分比混合均匀后制成：粘土矿粉26%～44%、无机填料42%～56%、有机填料7%～24%、增稠改性剂1%～5%，
所述粘土矿粉为海泡石、蒙脱石、凹凸棒石、高岭石中的一种或几种；
所述无机填料为方解石粉、滑石粉、石英粉中的一种或几种；
所述有机填料为膨化玉米粉、面粉、淀粉、木粉中的一种或几种；
所述增稠改性剂为纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠、硅酸钠、植物胶中的一种或几种。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种板材胶粘剂环保填料，其特征在于：所述粘土矿粉、无机填料、有机填料的颗粒度均不低于200目。
3.权利要求1或2所述板材胶粘剂环保填料的应用方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
（1）将粘土矿粉、无机填料、有机填料、增稠改性剂按比例在高速搅拌机中充分混合均匀；（2）将制备的板材胶粘剂环保填料与脲醛树脂胶水按20～45：100的重量比例混合调胶并加入混合后胶液总重量0.3%～1.5%的pH调节剂混合，调节胶液pH值至pH=5～6.5。
4.如权利要求3所述的板材胶粘剂环保填料的应用方法，其特征在于，所述pH调节剂为盐酸、草酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、硫酸铵、过硫酸铵、氯化铵、磷酸二氢铵中的一种或几种。
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