CN110372873B - 一种红色荧光镉配位聚合物、其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种红色荧光镉配位聚合物、其制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及有色荧光材料领域,具体一种红色荧光镉配位聚合物,其化学组成为{[Cd3(H2O)2(tpc)2(Hntb)2](H2O)}n,其为有机配体键合Cd2+形成二维配位聚合物,结构内含稀有的W型大环,本发明还提供了该聚合物的制备方法,产率可达49%,该聚合物在水、乙醇、乙腈、DMF等常见溶剂中稳定,热稳定性较高,其在自然光和365nm紫外光下均呈现酒红色;受415nm光激发,在596nm处出现红色荧光发射峰,是红色荧光材料,该新物质可用于油墨、涂料、颜料等光敏性复合材料制备及对MoO4 2‑阴离子紫外可见光谱检测和对部分阳离子的荧光光谱检测等方面。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有色荧光材料领域,具体涉及一种红色荧光镉配位聚合物、其制备方法及应 用。
背景技术
有色荧光材料(Colored fluorescent materials,CFMs)是独特、艳丽、稀有的光敏材料,其 既可以反射部分可见自然光,又吸收紫外光或短波长光并转换成同样颜色的光发射出来,即 在自然光和紫外光下颜色相同或颜色相近。比较而言,红色的红色荧光材料是最重要的类 别,目前常用的主要是有机有色荧光材料如偶氮红、茜素红(1,2-二羟基蒽醌)、胭脂红等, 其自然光和紫外光下都呈现红色,但有机结构决定了其耐热性和耐光性差、迁移性较强,因 此不适合做表面涂层材料使用。油墨、涂料、智能电子、建筑、艺术等现代行业产业对有色 荧光材料的旺盛需求,促使人们不断创新开发红色、橙色等类型的新有色荧光材料。
近十年来,以带发色基团的有机配体为组分,制备新型金属-有机配位聚合材料是现代 先进发光材料的重要来源之一,这类材料兼具无机发光材料稳定、寿命长的优点,及有机发 光材料结构多样可调控、发光谱带宽等优点。结构与性能的确切关系一直是材料科学的研究 难题,配体结构、金属离子类型、配位模式、空间结构、客体分子等都是配位聚合物性能的 关键;同时,由于空间结构形成过程一直是暗箱,难以预测,即使配体与金属离子完全相 同,空间结构不同(微观原子的连结方式),发光性能可能差异很大,因此所得一般不是所 想。迄今为止,金属-有机配合物红色荧光材料,主要以稀土铕Eu、铑Ru、钌等稀土和贵金 属-有机配合物为主。多年来,基于普通过渡金属(如Zn/Cd等)的红色的发射红色荧光的 配合物,一直是材料科学与技术领域具有挑战性的课题。
镉是自然界中分布较广的常见的重要元素,镉的化合物被广泛应用于电镀、电子、核工 业等领域;色彩明亮的镉黄(硫化镉、硫化镉锌)、镉红(硫代硒化镉等)是高级的无机颜料; 同时,相当数量的镉通过废水废渣排入环境,易被农作物吸附产生更大范围的污染。镉在地 壳中含量并不多,中国约有7千吨,因此Cd2+离子的富集和再利用,是在环境、化学、材料 等领域备受关注的课题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种红色荧光镉配位聚合物,该聚合物在自然光和365nm紫外光下均呈酒 红色,是一种红色荧光物质,可用于油墨、涂料和颜料等光复合材料领域,以及用于MoO4 2-阴离子紫外可见检测和阳离子的荧光检测等领域。
该红色荧光镉配位聚合物,其组成为{[Cd3(H2O)2(tpc)2(Hntb)2](H2O)}n,属于单斜晶系, 空间群为C2/c,晶胞参数所 述镉-有机配位聚合物中,tpc-是Htpc脱去一个质子的组分,Htpc的结构式如式I所示,Hntb是H3ntb脱去两个质子后的组分,H3ntb的结构式如式Ⅱ所示,
优选的,所述镉配位聚合物是由桥联型配体tpc-和Hntb2-键合Cd2+形成二维配位聚合 物,结构内含稀有的W型大环,其中,所述tpc-的配位模式如式III和IV所示;所述Hntb2-的配位模式如式V所示;中心金属Cd2+的一种配位簇如单核簇[CdN3(CO2)2]式VI所示,另 一种配位簇如双核簇[Cd2N3(CO2)3(H2O)2]式VII所示(式III、IV、V和VI中,元素符号右 侧数字为不对称结构单元中原子的编号)。
本发明还提供了上述镉配位聚合物的制备方法,该方法简单高效,产率可达49%,制备 产品纯度高。
该方法以Htpc、H3ntb、Cd(NO3)2·4H2O和HNO3为原料,以乙腈和水为混合溶剂,采用溶剂热法制备。
优选的,所述Htpc、H3ntb、Cd(NO3)2·4H2O和HNO3的物质的量比为1-2:1-2:1.5-3:1.5-4。更为优选的,所述Htpc、H3ntb、Cd(NO3)2·4H2O和HNO3的物质的量比1: 1:1.5:2.1。
优选的,所述乙腈和水的体积比为4:6。
优选的,所述制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
(1)按比例取Htpc、H3ntb、Cd(NO3)2·4H2O、HNO3和溶剂置于密闭容器中形成反应体系;
(2)将反应体系置于室温下搅拌0.5~1.5h,然后升温至160-180℃,反应5-7天,自然 冷却,过滤,自然干燥,得到的块状晶体即为目标产物。
优选的,反应体系中Htpc的初始物质的量浓度为10mmol/L。
优选的,所述反应温度为160℃。
优选的,所述干燥是指晶体用水洗涤后,自然干燥。
本发明的镉配位聚合物在制备光敏复合材料领域或检测阳离子/阴离子领域的应用也属 于本发明的保护范围。
优选的,上述光敏复合材料是油墨、涂料或颜料。
优选的,上述阴离子是MoO4 2-,上述阳离子是Pb2+、Cr3+或/和Cu2+。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明的镉配位聚合物在自然光和365nm紫外光下均呈酒红色,是一种红色荧光 物质,且该聚合物耐高温,在325℃附近骨架才开始分解,适用于制备有色的荧光复合材料,如油墨、涂料和颜料等;
(2)本发明的镉配位聚合物的制备方法简单可行,且该聚合物在水、乙腈、DMF等溶剂中稳定存在,可利用该制备方法对重金属镉离子进行富集和再利用。
(3)本发明的镉配位聚合物还可用于检测阴阳离子,尤其是MoO4 2-、Pb2+、Cr3+和 Cu2 +。
附图说明
图1是本发明镉配位聚合物{[Cd3(H2O)2(tpc)2(Hntb)2](H2O)}n的晶体结构,(a)部分晶体结 构和配体及金属离子的配位模式,(b)配体tpc-和Hntb桥联Cd2+离子形成的二维配位聚合 物,结构中含稀有的W型大环;
图2是镉配位聚合物的X-射线粉末衍射花样(横坐标—角度;纵坐标—衍射强度);
图3是镉配位聚合物的红外光谱(横坐标—波数;纵坐标—透过率);
图4是镉配位聚合物的热重曲线(空气氛;横坐标—温度;纵坐标—残留百分比);
图5是镉配位聚合物{[Cd3(H2O)2(tpc)2(Hntb)2](H2O)}n在自然光和365nm紫外光呈酒红 色的晶体照片;
图6是镉-有机配位聚合物的荧光谱图(横坐标—波长;纵坐标—荧光强度);
图7是镉配位聚合物溶液探测阴离子的紫外可见吸收光谱(横坐标—波长;纵坐标—吸 光度);
图8是镉配位聚合物溶液检测阳离子的荧光光谱(横坐标—波长;纵坐标—荧光强度),激发波长为350nm。插图分别是Cu2+和Cr3+与配合物的混合溶液荧光发射谱图。
具体实施方式
本发明中对最终产物进行X-射线单晶衍射,解析得晶体结构;并对最终产物进行一系 列表征,如元素分析、红外、荧光、X-射线粉末衍射、热重等,确定其化学组成为 {[Cd3(H2O)2(tpc)2(Hntb)2](H2O)}n。以Htpc用量为依据计算产率,即根据tpc-或Hntb在组成 中摩尔占比,算出应得到的理论质量,实际得到的产品质量与理论质量的比值即为产率。
实施例1本发明配位聚合物的制备
按下列具体质量或体积取物料:Htpc(27.7mg,0.1mmol),H3ntb(37.7mg,0.1mmol), Cd(NO3)2·4H2O(46.3mg,0.15mmol),HNO3(30uL,7mol/L,0.21mmol),CH3CN(4mL),H2O(6mL)。
将上述物料置于25mL反应釜中,搅拌0.5h,反应体系置于160℃恒温烘箱中,反应5天后,自然冷却至室温,观察到红色块状晶体,将其从母液中过滤出来,蒸馏水洗涤,自然干燥。
对得到的目标产物进行X-射线单晶衍射分析,获得其晶体结构(图1)。桥联型配体tpc-(式III)和Hntb(式V)配位键合Cd2+离子形成二维配位聚合物(附图1),结构内含稀有的W型大环。用岛津XRD-6100型X-射线衍射仪进行粉末衍射测试,测试图谱的峰与晶体 结构拟合图谱(软件Mercury)的峰能很好的匹配,说明此晶体即为目标产物,且样品纯度 高(图2)。
晶体结构的测定:配位超分子的X射线单晶衍射数据用大小合适的单晶样品在SMART APEXII CCD单晶衍射仪(Mo-Ka,石墨单色器)上,室温下收集得到单晶X-射 线衍射数据并经Lp因子的校正。晶体结构由直接法解出,结构的解析和精修均由SHELXTL-97程序包完成,然后用全矩阵最小二乘法F2对所有非氢原子进行各向异性精 修。有机配体的氢原子由理论加氢得到。主要晶体学数据见表1;重要的键长见表2.
表1主要晶体学数据
*R1=Σ||Fo|-|Fc||/Σ|Fo|,wR2=[Σw(Fo 2-Fc 2)2/Σw(Fo 2)2]1/2
对称操作:#1-x+1,y,-z-1/2;#2-x+2,y,-z+3/2;#3-x+3/2,y+1/2,-z+1/2;#4x+1/2,y+1/2,z+1.
产品化学式为Cd3C74H52N8O19,化学式量为M=1694.50,其中的C、H、N元素分析, 计算值(%):C,52.45;H,3.09;N,6.61。实际测得(%):C,52.39;H,3.10;N,6.70。红外光 谱FT-IR(KBr,cm-1):3078(w),1595(vs),1547(s),1508(s),1379(m),1313(m),1175(m),848(m), 779(m)。说明:元素分析值由Perkin-Elmer2400元素分析仪测得;红外光谱由NicoletImpact 410FTIR光谱仪以KBr为底在400-4000cm-1范围内测得(图3)。
产品在空气氛热重数据分析显示,在200℃前,客体水分子脱出,失重0.96%(计算值 1.07%);在270℃前,客体和配位水分子脱出,失重3.65%(计算3.23%);在325℃之后骨架开始较明显地分解,表明此镉配位聚合物具有较高的热稳定性(图4)。
本发明所得产品,在水、乙腈、DMF等常见溶剂中能稳定存在,晶体样品在自然光和365nm紫外光下均呈现酒红色(图5),是典型的红颜色的有色荧光材料;室温下,晶体样 品在415nm光激发下,在596nm处呈现红色荧光发射峰(图6)。
将本实施例重复多次,实际得到{[Cd3(H2O)2(tpc)2(Hntb)2](H2O)}n的质量保持在30.2~ 40.9mg,基于Htpc用量,计算得到产品产率为36.3%~49%。
实施例2本发明镉配位聚合物的制备
按下列具体质量或体积取物料:Htpc(27.7mg,0.1mmol),H3ntb(37.7mg,0.1mmol), Cd(NO3)2·4H2O(30.8mg,0.1mmol),HNO3(20uL,7mol/L,0.14mmol),CH3CN(2mL),H2O(8mL)。
将上述物料置于25mL反应釜中,搅拌0.5h,在140℃恒温烘箱中反应5天后,自然冷却至室温,得到晶体,将其从母液中过滤出来,蒸馏水洗涤,自然干燥。
产物X-射线粉末衍射表征,得到数据与实施例1相似,说明用实施例2制得的晶体结 构未发生变化且产品较纯。
将本实施例重复多次,根据实际生产得到{[Cd3(H2O)2(tpc)2(Hntb)2](H2O)}n的质量31.4~ 38.1mg,基于Htpc用量,计算得到产品产率为37.6%~45.5%。
实施例3本发明镉配位聚合物的制备
按下列具体质量或体积取物料:Htpc(27.7mg,0.1mmol),H3ntb(11.3mg,0.03mmol), Cd(NO3)2·4H2O(61.7mg,0.2mmol),HNO3(80uL,7mol/L,0.56mmol),CH3CN(5mL), H2O(5mL)。
将上述物料置于25mL反应釜中,在150℃恒温烘箱中反应6天后,自然冷却至室温,得到红色晶体,将其从母液中过滤出来,蒸馏水洗涤,自然干燥。
对产物X-射线粉末衍射表征,得到数据与实施例1相似。说明用实施例3制得的晶体 结构未发生变化且产品较纯。
将本实施例重复多次,实际生产得到{[Cd3(H2O)2(tpc)2(Hntb)2](H2O)}n的质量10.7~18.4 mg,基于Htpc用量,计算得到产品产率为12.8%~22%。
实施例4镉配位聚合物溶液对MoO4 2-阴离子的检测
(1)150mL锥形瓶,用上述实施例制备的红色荧光镉配位聚合物配制检测溶液(代号 为Cd-CFM):研细的镉配位聚合物晶体粉末22.3mg溶于100mL超纯水中,震荡、摇 匀,超声分散30min得到悬浮液,悬浮液陈化三天,待溶液稳定,分别取上层澄清溶液5 mL于带编号的玻璃瓶中作为检测溶液Cd-CFM。
(2)分别称取Na2MoO4·2H2O(12.1mg,0.05mmol)、NaBr(5.3mg,0.05mmol)、CH3CO2Na(4.1mg,0.05mmoL)、Na2WO4·2H2O(16.5mg,0.05mmol)、HCO2Na·2H2O(甲酸钠,5.2mg,0.05mmol)、NaOH(2mg,0.05mmol)、C10H14N2O8Na2·2H2O(EDTA-2Na,乙二胺四乙 酸二钠18.6mg,0.05mmol)加到上述带编号的玻璃瓶5mL检测液中,超声10min后待检 测。配制同样浓度阴离子的超纯水溶液做参比。
通过T6紫外可见分光光度计仪(北京普析通用仪器有限公司),分别测试上述溶液的紫外 可见吸收光谱图(图7)。与水溶液中MoO4 2-和Cd-CFM吸收谱图对比,[Cd-CFM+MoO4 2-]溶液吸光度增强明显,在216、257、284和335nm处出现与MoO4 2-水溶液不同的吸收峰; 与其他[Cd-CFM+阴离子]溶液吸收谱图相比,在240、257和284nm处出现不一样的吸收 峰。因此本发明中红色荧光镉配位聚合物,一定范围内,可用于水溶液中MoO4 2-阴离子的 检测。
实施例5镉配位聚合物溶液检测阳离子的荧光光谱
(1)配制Cd-CFM检测溶液:于150mL锥形瓶,研细的配合物晶体粉末22.3mg溶于100mL水中,震荡、摇匀,超声分散30min得到悬浮液,悬浮液陈化三天,待溶液稳定, 配制的镉-有机配合物检测溶液代号为Cd-CFM。
(2)配制阳离子被检测液:用Ag+、Cd2+、Mg2+、Cu2+、Ce2+、Ni2+、Co2+、Pb2+和Cr3+的硝酸盐配制被检测液,浓度为0.01mol·L-1。
(3)取4.5mL澄清的Cd-CFM检测溶液,置于带标签的玻璃瓶中。再分别取0.5mL 硝酸盐被检测溶液于上述玻璃瓶中与检测溶液混合,上下震荡、摇匀,超声10min后待测 试。
荧光分析通过Perkin-Elmer LS55型荧光光谱仪测定,在波长350nm紫外光激发下,分 别测试上述溶液的荧光光谱图(图8)。荧光数据显示,Pb(NO3)2溶液使配合物溶液的荧光 近乎发生了猝灭;Cu(NO3)2·3H2O使配合物溶液的荧光发射强度明显减弱;Cr(NO3)3·9H2O 除了使配合物溶液的荧光发射强度明显减弱外,混合溶液的最强峰从459nm红移到了497 nm处(如图8中的插图所示)。综上所述,该配位聚合物可以作为检测Pb2+、Cr3+和Cu2+的荧 光探针。
Claims (6)
3.权利要求1或2所述红色荧光镉配位聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法以Htpc、H3ntb、Cd(NO3)2·4H2O和HNO3为原料,以乙腈和水为混合溶剂,采用溶剂热法制备所述镉配位聚合物;具体包括以下步骤:
(1)按比例取Htpc、H3ntb、Cd(NO3)2·4H2O、HNO3和溶剂置于密闭容器中形成反应体系;所述Htpc、H3ntb、Cd(NO3)2·4H2O和HNO3的物质的量比1:1:1.5:2.1,所述乙腈和水的体积比为4:6;
(2)将反应体系置于室温下搅拌0.5~1.5h,然后升温至160~180℃,反应5~7天,自然冷却,过滤,自然干燥,得到的块状晶体即为目标产物;所述反应体系中Htpc的初始物质的量浓度为10mmol/L,所述反应温度为160℃,所述干燥是指晶体用水洗涤后,自然干燥。
4.权利要求1或2所述的红色荧光镉配位聚合物在制备光敏复合材料领域中的应用。
5.权利要求1或2所述的红色荧光镉配位聚合物在检测阳离子或阴离子领域中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述阴离子是MoO4 2-,所述阳离子是Pb2+、Cr3+或/和Cu2+。
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