CN110362840B - Crack evaluation method and system for micro-spherical focused logging - Google Patents
Crack evaluation method and system for micro-spherical focused logging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crack evaluation method and a crack evaluation system for micro-spherical focused logging, wherein the crack evaluation method comprises the following steps: manufacturing a fracture accumulated opening evaluation chart based on a numerical simulation model of the microspheric focused logging; obtaining the accumulated opening of the crack based on the accumulated opening evaluation chart of the crack; and acquiring the porosity and density of the crack based on the cumulative opening of the crack. The advantages are that: the micro-spherical focused logging response rules of cracks with different parameters are researched, a micro-spherical focused logging crack accumulated opening degree, porosity and density evaluation method is established, micro-spherical focused logging and similar electrode system logging data are adopted to realize quantitative evaluation of the cracks, and an effective means is provided for the quantitative evaluation of the cracks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of conventional well logging fracture parameter evaluation methods, in particular to a fracture evaluation method and system for micro-spherical focused well logging.
Background
Quantitative evaluation of fracture parameters (accumulated opening, porosity and density) is an important problem faced by well logging interpretation, fractures are important oil and gas storage spaces and migration channels of low-permeability reservoirs, whether the fractures develop or not is directly related to oil and gas productivity, and along with the deepening of oil and gas exploration and development work, well logging evaluation of fractured reservoirs increasingly draws attention of people.
Because the electrical property of the crack is obviously different from that of the bedrock, resistivity logging is the main means for evaluating the crack by logging at present. The resistivity imaging logging has the advantages of high resolution and intuitive response, can accurately and quantitatively evaluate formation fracture parameters and distinguish the types of shaft fractures, and is always considered as an effective means for fracture evaluation, but the imaging logging has a relatively low capability of evaluating the fracture extensibility due to relatively shallow detection depth. Logging response numerical simulation is an effective means for researching logging response of a specific geologic body, and is calculated by adopting a numerical simulation method when an analytic solution is not suitable for obtaining (Gaojie, Kouchun, Weibaojun and the like. the current situation and development trend of electrical logging numerical simulation are analyzed. logging technology, 2010,34(1): 1-5.). The predecessors have conducted a certain study on the evaluation method of the fracture parameters of lateral logging and induction logging measured centrally in the shaft by using a numerical simulation method, and have obtained a better effect: sibbit et al, in 1985, proposed a Sibbit model for lateral logging, given the relationship of horizontal and vertical seam lateral logging responses to fracture parameters (Sibbit AM, Faivre Q. the dual laterolog response in actual fractures. SPWLA 26th and vertical logging systems. Texas: SPWLA,1985: 17-20.) extended the model to any angle (Rozhen, preliminary study of calculating cumulative opening of fractures using lateral data. geophysical logging. 1990,14(2):83-92.), Gaoge et al, discussed critical angle effects of dual lateral logging of fractured reservoirs (Gaoge, Liuzhang, Wanjin. critical angle effects of dual lateral logging responses. logging techniques 2012,36(5): 459); wang et al discusses response characteristics of multi-coil system induction logging in the presence of high-resistance and high-conductivity seams relative to a formation, and provides a method for jointly determining the azimuth and the length of a fracture by orthogonal dipole acoustic logging and multi-coil system induction logging (Wang T, Tang XM, Yu LM, et al, spectroscopy with multi-component induction measurements, 2005,46(1): 42-51), and the method has the advantages of small electrode device, high resolution, less influence by a borehole, better reflection of the micro-fracture existing in the borehole wall, and micro-spherical focusing logging abnormity existing in a fracture development section commonly seen in an actual data interpretation process. However, there has been less research on formation fracture micro-spherical focused log response.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a fracture evaluation method and system for micro-spherical focused logging, and establish a fracture cumulative opening, porosity and density evaluation method for micro-spherical focused logging, and use micro-spherical focused logging and similar electrode system logging data to realize quantitative fracture evaluation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fracture evaluation method and system for micro-spherical focused logging, which can establish a fracture accumulated opening degree, porosity and density evaluation method for micro-spherical focused logging by researching micro-spherical focused logging response rules of fractures with different parameters.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a fracture evaluation method for micro-spherical focused logging is provided, the fracture evaluation method comprising:
manufacturing a fracture accumulated opening evaluation chart based on a numerical simulation model of the microspheric focused logging;
acquiring the accumulated crack opening degree based on the crack accumulated opening degree evaluation chart;
and acquiring the fracture porosity and the fracture density based on the fracture cumulative opening.
Preferably, the crack evaluation method further includes:
acquiring fracture parameters based on rock core and imaging logging data;
and establishing the relationship among the fracture parameters, the fracture accumulated opening, the fracture porosity and the fracture density, and verifying and scaling the fracture evaluation method.
Preferably, the making of the fracture cumulative opening degree evaluation chart further includes:
establishing a numerical simulation model of the micro-spherical focusing logging according to the polar plate structure of the micro-spherical focusing logging instrument;
and establishing a fracture accumulated opening evaluation chart under different bedrock and mud resistivity conditions based on the numerical simulation model.
Preferably, the fracture cumulative opening evaluation plate is a relation plate of fracture cumulative opening and apparent resistivity reduction rate.
Preferably, the acquiring the fracture cumulative opening degree includes:
determining the mud resistivity at the formation temperature according to the drilling data to obtain the fracture resistivity;
acquiring the resistivity of the bedrock based on the average value of apparent resistivities within the range of 8-12 meters above and below the measuring point;
and establishing a calculation formula of the accumulated opening of the fracture based on the fracture resistivity and the bedrock resistivity.
Preferably, the calculation formula is:
in the formula, wfOpening degree is accumulated for the crack;
a. b is a fitting parameter which is a constant;
Rbis the bedrock resistivity;
Rmsflthe apparent resistivity of the well is measured in a micro-spherical focusing mode;
fitting the fracture cumulative opening evaluation chart according to the formula (1) to obtain fitting parameters a and b, and continuously calculating the fracture cumulative opening in logging software according to the formula (1).
Preferably, the fracture porosity is obtained by the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the fracture porosity;
wfopening degree is accumulated for the crack;
l is the thickness of the main electrode;
theta is an included angle between the normal direction of the crack and the direction of the well hole;
and r is the probe depth.
Preferably, the fracture density is obtained by dividing the cumulative opening of the fracture by the opening of a single fracture obtained by statistics and rounding up.
Preferably, the single fracture opening is obtained based on core single fracture opening statistics and imaging logging interpretation single fracture opening statistics.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fracture evaluation system for micro-spherical focused logging, the fracture evaluation system comprising:
a memory storing computer-executable instructions;
a processor executing computer executable instructions in the memory to perform the steps of:
manufacturing a fracture accumulated opening evaluation chart based on a numerical simulation model of the microspheric focused logging;
acquiring the accumulated crack opening degree based on the crack accumulated opening degree evaluation chart;
and acquiring the fracture porosity and the fracture density based on the fracture cumulative opening.
The crack evaluation method and system for the micro-spherical focused logging have the advantages that: the micro-spherical focused logging response rules of cracks with different parameters are researched, a micro-spherical focused logging crack accumulated opening degree, porosity and density evaluation method is established, micro-spherical focused logging and similar electrode system logging data are adopted to realize quantitative evaluation of the cracks, and an effective means is provided for the quantitative evaluation of the cracks.
The method and system of the present invention have other features and advantages which will be set forth in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description which are incorporated herein and which together serve to explain certain principles of the invention.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts.
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the steps of a fracture evaluation method of a micro-spherical focused log according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a micro-spherical focused log fractured formation simulation model according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3a and 3b respectively show schematic diagrams of fracture cumulative opening evaluation charts under different bedrock resistivity conditions according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of fracture distribution within a micro-spherical focused logging detection zone in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows a schematic of A-well fracture parameter evaluation results according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
The invention provides a crack evaluation method of micro-spherical focused logging, which comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a fracture accumulated opening evaluation chart based on a numerical simulation model of the microspheric focused logging;
obtaining the accumulated opening of the crack based on the accumulated opening evaluation chart of the crack;
and acquiring the porosity and density of the crack based on the cumulative opening of the crack.
Further, the crack evaluation method further includes:
acquiring fracture parameters based on rock core and imaging logging data;
and establishing the relationship between the fracture parameters and the fracture accumulated opening, the fracture porosity and the fracture density, and verifying and scaling the fracture evaluation method.
The verification means that the variation trend of the calculated parameters such as the cumulative opening of the fracture and the like along with the depth is consistent with the fracture parameter trend provided by the rock core and the imaging logging data; the scale means that if the fracture parameters calculated by the method are not consistent with the parameters calculated by the rock core and the imaging logging, but have certain correlation, the relationship between the fracture parameters and the parameters is found, and the parameters such as the fracture opening calculated by the method are converted into the fracture opening of the rock core and the imaging logging.
Preferably, the creating of the fracture cumulative opening degree evaluation chart further includes:
establishing a numerical simulation model of the micro-spherical focusing logging according to the polar plate structure of the micro-spherical focusing logging instrument;
based on a numerical simulation model, fracture cumulative opening evaluation charts are established under different bedrock and mud resistivity conditions.
The fracture cumulative opening evaluation chart is a relation chart of the fracture cumulative opening and the apparent resistivity reduction rate.
Specifically, a micro-spherical focusing logging numerical simulation model is established when the stratum has cracks according to the polar plate structure of the micro-spherical focusing logging instrument, and the micro-spherical focusing logging apparent resistivity is obtained when the crack accumulation degree is 10 mu m-10cm when at least two groups of different mud resistivity and bedrock resistivity are calculated by adopting a numerical simulation technology.
And manufacturing fracture accumulated opening evaluation charts of different bedrock resistivities by taking the calculated apparent resistivity/bedrock resistivity as a vertical coordinate and the fracture accumulated opening as a horizontal coordinate according to the different bedrock resistivities
Preferably, the acquiring the accumulated fracture opening degree includes:
determining the mud resistivity at the formation temperature according to the drilling data to obtain the fracture resistivity;
acquiring the resistivity of the bedrock based on the average value of apparent resistivities within the range of 8-12 meters above and below the measuring point;
and establishing a calculation formula of the accumulated opening of the fracture based on the fracture resistivity and the bedrock resistivity.
Wherein, the calculation formula is:
in the formula, wfOpening degree is accumulated for the crack;
a. b is a fitting parameter which is a constant;
Rbis the bedrock resistivity;
Rmsflthe apparent resistivity of the well is measured in a micro-spherical focusing mode;
fitting the fracture accumulated opening evaluation chart through the formula (1) to obtain fitting parameters a and b, and continuously calculating the fracture accumulated opening in logging software through the formula (1).
Wherein the fracture parameters include fracture porosity and fracture density.
Specifically, calculation of fracture porosity: the micro-spherical focused logging has obvious response to the cracks clinging to the main electrode, and the micro-spherical focused logging only reflects the cracks clinging to the main electrode, so that the crack porosity can be calculated by dividing the crack accumulated opening by the thickness of the main electrode for the cracks orthogonal to the borehole, and the crack porosity can be calculated by dividing the volume occupied by the cracks by the crack sensitive range of the micro-spherical focused logging for the inclined cracks.
Further, if the angle between the fracture and the normal direction of the well bore is known as θ:
preferably, the fracture porosity is obtained by the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the fracture porosity;
wfopening degree is accumulated for the crack;
l main electrode thickness;
theta is an included angle between the normal direction of the crack and the direction of the well hole;
and r is the probe depth.
Preferably, the fracture density is obtained by dividing the cumulative opening of the fracture by the opening of a single fracture obtained by statistics and rounding up.
Specifically, calculation of fracture density: the average value of the opening of the single cracks in the area can be obtained by counting the opening of the single cracks in the rock core according to the opening of the single cracks in the rock core, and counting the opening of the single cracks through imaging logging interpretation, wherein after the cumulative opening of the cracks is calculated, the crack development density is the opening of the single cracks obtained by dividing the cumulative opening of the cracks by the counted opening of the single cracks and then rounding upwards.
Furthermore, after the cumulative opening, porosity and density of the fracture are calculated, the relationship between the rock core measurement fracture parameters or imaging logging interpretation fracture parameters of the same depth and the fracture parameters calculated by a plate method can be established, and the calculation result of the method is scaled so as to improve the interpretation precision.
The scale means that if the fracture parameters calculated by the method are not consistent with the parameters calculated by the rock core and the imaging logging, but have certain correlation, the relationship between the fracture parameters and the parameters is found, and the parameters such as the fracture opening calculated by the method are converted into the rock core and the imaging fracture opening.
By researching the response rule of the micro-spherical focused logging of the cracks with different parameters, the evaluation method of the accumulated opening, the porosity and the density of the cracks of the micro-spherical focused logging is established, and the quantitative evaluation of the cracks is realized by adopting logging data of micro-spherical focused logging and similar electrode systems thereof, so that an effective means is provided for the quantitative evaluation of the cracks.
The invention also provides a fracture evaluation system of the microspheric focused logging, which comprises the following components:
a memory storing computer-executable instructions;
a processor executing computer executable instructions in the memory to perform the steps of:
manufacturing a fracture accumulated opening evaluation chart based on a numerical simulation model of the microspheric focused logging;
obtaining the accumulated opening of the crack based on the accumulated opening evaluation chart of the crack;
and acquiring the porosity and density of the crack based on the cumulative opening of the crack.
Example 1
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the steps of a fracture evaluation method of a micro-spherical focused log according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a fracture evaluation method for microspheric focused logging, including:
manufacturing a fracture accumulated opening evaluation chart based on a numerical simulation model of the microspheric focused logging;
obtaining the accumulated opening of the crack based on the accumulated opening evaluation chart of the crack;
and acquiring the porosity and density of the crack based on the cumulative opening of the crack.
Further, the crack evaluation method further includes:
acquiring fracture parameters based on rock core and imaging logging data;
and establishing the relationship between the fracture parameters and the fracture accumulated opening, the fracture porosity and the fracture density, and verifying and scaling the fracture evaluation method.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a micro-spherical focused log fractured formation simulation model according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3a and 3b respectively show schematic diagrams of fracture cumulative opening evaluation charts under different bedrock resistivity conditions according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
According to the polar plate structure of the micro-spherical focusing logging instrument, a micro-spherical focusing logging numerical simulation model is established when a stratum has cracks, as shown in figure 2. By adopting a numerical simulation technology, calculating the resistivity of the slurry to be 0.025ohmm and 0.2ohmm, the resistivity of the bedrock to be 50ohmm, and the micro-spherical focused logging apparent resistivity when the cumulative opening of the crack is 10 mu m-1cm when the resistivity of the bedrock is 500ohmm, and making fracture cumulative opening evaluation charts of different bedrock resistivities by taking the calculated apparent resistivity/the resistivity of the bedrock as a vertical coordinate and the cumulative opening of the crack as a horizontal coordinate, as shown in fig. 3a and fig. 3 b.
And determining the resistivity of the mud at the formation temperature according to the drilling data, and considering that the fracture resistivity is equal to the resistivity of the mud. And taking the average apparent resistivity value of the measuring points within 10 meters as the resistivity of the bedrock. By fitting the plate shown in fig. 3a and 3b with the form shown in equation (1) and determining the fitting parameters a, b, a calculation formula of the cumulative opening of the fracture can be established, and the fitting formula can be used in well logging software to continuously calculate the cumulative opening of the fracture.
Wherein, the calculation formula is:
in the formula, wfOpening degree is accumulated for the crack;
a. b is a fitting parameter which is a constant;
Rbis the bedrock resistivity;
Rmsflthe apparent resistivity of the well is measured in a micro-spherical focusing mode;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of fracture distribution within a micro-spherical focused logging detection zone in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Calculating the porosity of the crack:
the response of the micro-spherical focused logging to the cracks clinging to the main electrode is obvious, and the response of the micro-spherical focused logging only reflects the cracks clinging to the main electrode, so that the crack porosity can be calculated by dividing the accumulated crack opening by the thickness of the main electrode for the cracks orthogonal to the borehole, the crack porosity can be calculated by dividing the volume occupied by the cracks by the sensitive range of the micro-spherical focused logging cracks for the inclined cracks, and the crack distribution in the detection range is shown in fig. 4. Specifically, if the angle between the fracture and the normal direction of the borehole is known as θ, the conversion relationship can be expressed by equation (2):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the fracture porosity;
wfopening degree is accumulated for the crack;
l is the thickness of the main electrode;
theta is an included angle between the normal direction of the crack and the direction of the well hole;
and r is the probe depth.
Calculating the crack density:
the average value of the opening of the single cracks in the area can be obtained by counting the opening of the single cracks in the rock core according to the opening of the single cracks in the rock core, and counting the opening of the single cracks through imaging logging interpretation, wherein after the cumulative opening of the cracks is calculated, the crack development density is the opening of the single cracks obtained by dividing the cumulative opening of the cracks by the counted opening of the single cracks and then rounding upwards.
Example 2
FIG. 5 shows a schematic of A-well fracture parameter evaluation results according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
The fracture evaluation method of example 1 was used to treat a fractured compact sandstone reservoir from a well in the red river oil field a in the southwest of the deldos basin.
As shown in fig. 5, well a performs simultaneous micro-spherical focus logging (electrode system similar to micro-spherical focus logging) and resistivity imaging logging. The microspheric focused logging interpretation result can be verified by adopting a generally accepted imaging logging interpretation result. As can be seen from imaging logging data, the A well 2060m-2070m section has three fracture development sections, the core lithology of the section is light gray argillaceous siltstone, light gray fine sandstone and dark gray mudstone, oil spots can be seen in logging, a small amount of bubbles rise on the liquid level when the section is drilled to the layer, the conventional logging interpretation conclusion of the fracture development section is a fractured oil layer, the logging curve is slightly expanded in diameter, the three-porosity curve is increased, the induction logging visual resistivity is reduced, the micro-spherical focusing logging visual resistivity curve is obviously reduced, and the curve descending depth position corresponds to the fracture depth position observed by imaging logging.
The fracture evaluation method of the micro-spherical focused logging is verified to be capable of calculating the fracture accumulated opening, the fracture porosity and the fracture density. And comparing the calculated fracture parameters with the fracture parameters calculated by imaging logging, thereby providing an effective means for quantitative evaluation of the fracture.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A fracture evaluation method for microspheric focused logging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
manufacturing a fracture accumulated opening evaluation chart based on a numerical simulation model of the microspheric focused logging;
acquiring the accumulated crack opening degree based on the crack accumulated opening degree evaluation chart;
acquiring fracture porosity and fracture density based on the fracture cumulative opening;
wherein obtaining the fracture cumulative opening comprises:
determining the mud resistivity at the formation temperature according to the drilling data to obtain the fracture resistivity;
acquiring the resistivity of the bedrock based on the average value of the apparent resistivity within the range of 8-12 meters above the measuring point and within the range of 8-12 meters below the measuring point;
establishing a calculation formula of the accumulated opening of the fracture based on the fracture resistivity and the bedrock resistivity;
the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, wfOpening degree is accumulated for the crack;
a. b is a fitting parameter which is a constant;
Rbis the bedrock resistivity;
Rmsflthe apparent resistivity of the well is measured in a micro-spherical focusing mode;
fitting the fracture accumulated opening evaluation chart by using a formula (1) to obtain fitting parameters a and b, and continuously calculating the fracture accumulated opening in logging software by using the formula (1);
the fracture porosity is obtained by the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the fracture porosity;
wfopening degree is accumulated for the crack;
l is the thickness of the main electrode;
theta is an included angle between the normal direction of the crack and the direction of the well hole;
and r is the probe depth.
2. A fracture evaluation method of a micro-spherical focused log according to claim 1, wherein the fracture evaluation method further comprises:
acquiring fracture parameters based on rock core and imaging logging data;
and establishing the relationship among the fracture parameters, the fracture accumulated opening, the fracture porosity and the fracture density, and verifying and scaling the fracture evaluation method.
3. A fracture evaluation method for a micro-spherical focused log according to claim 1, wherein the making of the fracture cumulative opening evaluation plate further comprises:
establishing a numerical simulation model of the micro-spherical focusing logging according to the polar plate structure of the micro-spherical focusing logging instrument;
and establishing a fracture accumulated opening evaluation chart under different bedrock and mud resistivity conditions based on the numerical simulation model.
4. The fracture evaluation method of the micro-spherical focused well logging according to claim 3, wherein the fracture cumulative opening evaluation chart is a chart of the relationship between the fracture cumulative opening and the apparent resistivity reduction rate.
5. A fracture evaluation method for a micro-spherical focused log according to claim 1, wherein the fracture density is rounded up by the cumulative opening of the fracture divided by the opening of a single fracture resulting from statistics.
6. A fracture evaluation method of a microspherical focused log as in claim 5 wherein the single fracture opening is obtained based on core single fracture opening statistics and imaging log interpretation single fracture opening statistics.
7. A fracture evaluation system for microsphere focused logging, the fracture evaluation system comprising:
a memory storing computer-executable instructions;
a processor executing computer executable instructions in the memory to perform the steps of:
manufacturing a fracture accumulated opening evaluation chart based on a numerical simulation model of the microspheric focused logging;
acquiring the accumulated crack opening degree based on the crack accumulated opening degree evaluation chart;
acquiring fracture porosity and fracture density based on the fracture cumulative opening;
wherein obtaining the fracture cumulative opening comprises:
determining the mud resistivity at the formation temperature according to the drilling data to obtain the fracture resistivity;
acquiring the resistivity of the bedrock based on the average value of the apparent resistivity within the range of 8-12 meters above the measuring point and within the range of 8-12 meters below the measuring point;
establishing a calculation formula of the accumulated opening of the fracture based on the fracture resistivity and the bedrock resistivity;
the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, wfOpening degree is accumulated for the crack;
a. b is a fitting parameter which is a constant;
Rbis the bedrock resistivity;
Rmsflthe apparent resistivity of the well is measured in a micro-spherical focusing mode;
fitting the fracture accumulated opening evaluation chart by using a formula (1) to obtain fitting parameters a and b, and continuously calculating the fracture accumulated opening in logging software by using the formula (1);
the fracture porosity is obtained by the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the fracture porosity;
wfopening degree is accumulated for the crack;
l is the thickness of the main electrode;
theta is an included angle between the normal direction of the crack and the direction of the well hole;
and r is the probe depth.
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