CN110354074A - 一种缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼用制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼用制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110354074A CN110354074A CN201910759213.5A CN201910759213A CN110354074A CN 110354074 A CN110354074 A CN 110354074A CN 201910759213 A CN201910759213 A CN 201910759213A CN 110354074 A CN110354074 A CN 110354074A
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- moxifloxacin hydrochloride
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼用制剂及其制备方法,该眼用制剂由盐酸莫西沙星缓释液和辅料混合制成,盐酸莫西沙星缓释液由盐酸莫西沙星和缓释剂混合制成,所述缓释液有效成分为由Transcol HP、聚山梨酯80和氢化蓖麻油混合制成的聚合物,Transcol HP、聚山梨酯80和氢化蓖麻油的质量比为0.25‑2.0∶0.05‑1.0∶0.01‑2.0。本发明公开的缓释剂可以将水和活性分子盐酸莫西沙星包埋在其中,形成稳定的水性凝胶状滴眼液,增加了活性成分盐酸莫西沙星在眼表的停留时间,延长药物作用于靶位置的时间,增强了对靶组织的抗菌活性,不仅降低了用药频率,使用起来也更为便利。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及眼用制剂技术领域,具体是一种缓释剂及包含其组成的缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼用制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
眼睛是人类感知世界的窗口。许多眼部疾病,如青光眼、角膜炎、结膜炎等,若得不到及时、有效的治疗,最终会导致失明的严重后果。
一方面,眼睛具有流泪和眨眼反射等非常有效的保护机制,使滴入眼内的药液迅速从角膜前区域消除,传统眼用制剂最大缺点在于其滞留时间短、生物利用率极低,仅为给药剂量的1%-10%;另一方面,角膜的生物屏障作用也限制了药物到达眼内靶组织。以上不利因素使得开发长效眼用制剂成为一项极具挑战性的工作。
盐酸莫西沙星强效的第四代氟喹诺酮类抗菌素,具有抗菌活性的8-甲氧基氟喹诺酮类抗菌药。莫西沙星在体外显示出对革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌、厌氧菌、抗酸菌和非典型微生物(如支原体、衣原体和军团菌)具有广谱抗菌活性。抗菌作用机制为干扰Ⅱ、Ⅳ拓扑异构酶。拓扑异构酶是控制DNA拓扑,并且在DNA复制、修复和转录中的关键酶,其杀菌曲线表明,莫西沙星具有浓度依赖性的杀菌活性,最低杀菌浓度和最低抑菌浓度基本一致。莫西沙星对β-内酰胺类和大环内酯类抗生素耐药的细菌亦有效。同时,莫西沙星具有良好的耐药性,研究表明,导致青霉素类、头孢菌素类、糖肽类、大环内酯类和四环素类耐药的耐药机制不影响莫西沙星的抗菌活性。莫西沙星和这些抗菌药无交叉耐药性。研究还表明,盐酸莫西沙星滴眼液主要用于治疗细菌性结膜炎,对成人和一岁及以上的儿童安全有效,对造成眼表面感染的多种致病菌均有很好的抗菌效果,其中包括引起80%的眼部感染的葡萄球菌及链球菌这些革氏阳性菌。市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼液Vigamox对衣原体及其他一些致病菌也有高度活性。由于莫西沙星固有的抗菌活性,Vigamox滴眼液中没有加入防腐剂,PH值近中性,对眼部刺激小,能更好地适用于儿童患者,而且它对眼部组织有着较好的渗透性。
目前市场上只有美国生产的盐酸莫西沙星眼用制剂,缺乏缓释作用并且粘膜黏附性低,活性成分不能长时有效地在眼部停留。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺点与不足,本发明提供一种缓释剂及包含其组成的缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼用制剂及其制备方法。
一种缓释剂,其有效成分为由Transcol HP、聚山梨酯80和氢化蓖麻油混合制成的聚合物,Transcol HP、聚山梨酯80和氢化蓖麻油的质量比为0.25-2.0∶0.05-1.0∶0.01-2.0。
一种盐酸莫西沙星缓释液,由盐酸莫西沙星和上述缓释剂混合制成,具体制备方法为:取Transcol HP,40-50℃水浴条件下加入氢化蓖麻油和聚山梨酯80并搅拌,待全部溶解后,冷却至室温,加入少量注射用水,搅拌待溶液澄清后,逐步加入注射用水至全量。
进一步的,上述盐酸莫西沙星缓释液和辅料混合制成,辅料用于将眼用制剂制备成适于眼部外用的剂型,剂型种类包括但不限于滴眼液、眼用凝胶、眼药膏;其中,盐酸莫西沙星含量为0.1-5%,盐酸莫西沙星与缓释剂聚合物的质量比为1:0.5-5.0;优选的,盐酸莫西沙星含量为0.5-2%,盐酸莫西沙星与缓释剂聚合物的质量比为1:1-2。
进一步的,剂型为滴眼液或眼用凝胶,辅料包括络合稳定剂、pH调节剂和注射用水;pH调节剂为氢氧化钠、盐酸、硼酸、硼砂中任何一种或多种的组合,使用pH调节剂将成品药剂的pH值调节为5.5-7.5;所述络合稳定剂为依地酸二钠和/或依地酸四钠,盐酸莫西沙星与络合稳定剂的质量比为1.0:0.02-0.5。
进一步的,剂型为滴眼液,辅料还包括渗透压调节剂,所述渗透压调节剂为氯化钠和/或甘露醇,使用渗透压调节剂将滴眼液的渗透压摩尔浓度调节为250-350mOsmol/kg。
进一步的,剂型为眼用凝胶,辅料还包括增稠剂,所述增稠剂为甲基纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素和玻璃酸钠的一种或多种的组合。
进一步的,剂型为眼药膏,辅料包括无水羊毛脂、液状石蜡、黄凡士林和注射用水;盐酸莫西沙星、缓释剂聚合物、无水羊毛脂、液状石蜡、黄凡士林的质量比为1:0.5-5.0:8-15:2-10:75-95。
本发明的有益效果:Transcol HP、聚山梨酯80和氢化蓖麻油按一定比例混合制成的聚合物作为粘膜粘附性聚合物眼用制剂的缓释剂,可以将水和活性分子盐酸莫西沙星包埋在其中,形成稳定的水性凝胶状滴眼液,增加了活性成分盐酸莫西沙星在眼表的停留时间,延长药物作用于靶位置的时间,增强了对靶组织的抗菌活性,不仅降低了用药频率,使用起来也更为便利;同时,聚山梨酯80、氢化蓖麻油具有pH调节性能、良好的稳定性及络合性,将其用于制备盐酸莫西沙星眼用制剂,有助于增强盐酸莫西沙星的稳定性和眼组织穿透性,眼内生物利用度较高,不良反应发生率低,提高了临床用药安全性,而且原料易得,制备工艺简单可行,产率高、成本低,可以实现工业化大规模生产,具有显著的经济效益。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。本发明的实施例是为了示例和描述起见而给出的,而并不是无遗漏的或者将本发明限于所公开的形式。很多修改和变化对于本领域的普通技术人员而言是显而易见的。选择和描述实施例是为了更好说明本发明的原理和实际应用,并且使本领域的普通技术人员能够理解本发明从而设计适于特定用途的带有各种修改的各种实施例。
实施例1
一种缓释剂,主要有效成分为由Transcol HP、聚山梨酯80和氢化蓖麻油混合制成的聚合物,Transcol HP、聚山梨酯80和氢化蓖麻油的具体用量如表1所示。
该缓释剂的制备方法:取Transcol HP,40-50℃水浴条件下加入氢化蓖麻油和聚山梨酯80并搅拌,待全部溶解后,冷却至室温,加入少量注射用水,搅拌待溶液澄清后,逐步加入注射用水至全量,得到缓释剂。
表1
实施例2
一种缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼液,包括药效成分盐酸莫西沙星、实施例1所述的缓释剂、及将眼用制剂制备为滴眼液的辅料,具体成分和用量如表2所示。
取Transcol HP,40-50℃水浴条件下加入盐酸莫西沙星并搅拌至溶解,依次加入氢化蓖麻油、聚山梨酯80,搅拌均匀后冷却至室温,加入少量注射用水,搅拌待溶液澄清后再逐步加入适量注射用水,得盐酸莫西沙星缓释液;再依次加入的络合稳定剂、渗透压调节剂,搅拌溶解,121℃蒸汽灭菌,冷却至室温,用过滤除菌的注射用水定容至全量,过滤,最后调pH值至6.0-6.5,充分搅拌均匀,无菌分装即得。
表2
实施例3
一种缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼用凝胶,包括药效成分盐酸莫西沙星、实施例1所述的缓释剂、及将眼用制剂制备为眼用凝胶的辅料,具体成分和用量如表3所示。
取Transcol HP,40-50℃水浴条件下加入盐酸莫西沙星并搅拌至溶解,依次加入氢化蓖麻油、聚山梨酯80,搅拌均匀后冷却至室温,加入少量注射用水,搅拌待溶液澄清后再逐步加入适量注射用水,得盐酸莫西沙星缓释液;取少量注射用水溶解增稠剂使其分散放冷,另用注射用水溶解的络合稳定剂,搅拌溶解后,再加已溶解好的增稠剂和盐酸莫西沙星缓释液,121℃蒸汽灭菌,冷却至室温,用过滤除菌的注射用水定容至全量,使用pH调节剂将成品眼用凝胶的pH值调节为5.5-7.5,无菌分装即得。
表3
实施例4
一种缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼药膏,包括药效成分盐酸莫西沙星、实施例1所述的缓释剂、及将眼用制剂制备为眼药膏的辅料,具体成分和用量如表4所示。
取Transcol HP,40-50℃水浴条件下加入盐酸莫西沙星搅拌溶解,依次加入氢化蓖麻油、聚山梨酯80,搅拌均匀后冷却至室温,加入少量注射用水,搅拌待溶液澄清后再逐步加入适量注射用水,调节pH值6.0-6.5,121℃蒸汽灭菌20分钟,冷却至室温后加入适量经灭菌、冷却的液状石蜡,研磨成细糊状,过200目筛,再逐渐加入无菌、滤过的羊毛脂、黄凡士林混合物,混匀即得。
表4
实施例5
将本发明公开的缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼用制剂与市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂的眼部生物利用度进行比较。
本实施例以实施例2-1中的缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼液作为试验品,市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼液(VIGAMOX,爱尔康,美国)作为对照品。
按照释放度测定法(《中国药典》2015年版四部)进行缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂与市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂的释放度检查,采用紫外可见分光光度法(UV法)进行释放度测定。
量取滴眼液10g,置烧杯底,小心加入100mL生理盐水,置37℃保温,作为释放度测定溶液。分别于1、3、7、12小时取上清液5mL进行释放度测定,同时补充等量体积的生理盐水。
取出的上清液5mL置于50mL容量瓶中,加0.1mol/L盐酸溶液摇匀并定容。再次精密量取该溶液各5mL分别置于10mL容量瓶中,加硫酸溶液5mL摇匀,于室温静置30min。
取上述显色后的溶液,以0.1mol/L盐酸溶液为空白,对照分光光度法,在482nm的波长处测定吸收度,计算盐酸莫西沙星的含量和释放度,结果见表5。
样品 | 1小时 | 3小时 | 7小时 | 12小时 |
缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂(实施例2-2) | 45% | 62% | 76% | 92% |
市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂 | 85% | 95% | 96% | 97% |
表5
结果表明,市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂释放较快,1小时就释放了约85%,而缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂释放比较缓慢,而且是逐渐释放,可以在眼表面长时间保持较高的药物浓度,从而大大提高盐酸莫西沙星在眼部的生物利用度。
实施例6
将本发明公开的缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼用制剂与市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂的眼部药代动力学进行比较。
本实施例以实施例2-1中的缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼液作为试验品,市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼液(VIGAMOX,爱尔康,美国)作为对照品。
采用新西兰兔作为受体,分别给予缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂(实施例2-1)和市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂,给药剂量均为50μL/只眼。应用LC-MS/MS法分别测定给药后不同时间点新西兰兔的泪液、房水、角膜、结膜组织浓度,计算药代动力学参数,结果分别见表6和表7。
表6
表7
结果表明,新西兰兔单剂量给予缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂后,120h后眼组织中仍然可以测到盐酸莫西沙星,在房水、角膜、视网膜中的半衰期均可达到30多个小时,故每天给药一次即可在眼组织中达到有效的药物浓度;新西兰兔单剂量给予市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂48h后,眼组织中基本测不到盐酸莫西沙星,在房水、角膜、视网膜中的半衰期约8个小时,单剂量给予市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂的达峰浓度和曲线下面积均明显低于缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂。
试验数据证实以粘膜粘附性制剂形式给予盐酸莫西沙星可达到以下稳态浓度:在结膜中至少是平均MIC的15倍,在角膜中至少是平均MIC的30倍,在眼睑中至少是平均MIC的40倍,末次滴眼后6天仍存在于所有被测组织中。
此外,测定一日1次连用5天给药方案所得结膜药物浓度的最初药动力学模型研究显示,24小时内可保持峰浓度150~200μg/g和谷浓度40μg/g。一日1次给药所产生的这些结膜药物浓度是抗大多数眼表感染所需最小抑菌浓度的数倍。
实施例7
将本发明公开的缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼用制剂与市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂进行药效学比较。
盐酸莫西沙星对于常见的病原体引起的呼吸道、皮肤、软组织感染和性传播疾病具有很好的疗效,它的抗菌谱广,不仅对G+球菌、厌氧菌、支原体、衣原体有作用,对一些G-菌,包括流感嗜血杆菌、淋球菌、卡他摩拉克氏杆菌及一些对一般大环内酯类抗生素不敏感的微生物也有较好的抗菌作用。
本实施例以实施例2-2中的缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼液与市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼液(VIGAMOX,爱尔康,美国)进行体内外对比试验。
一、体外实验
采用营养肉汤稀释法,新鲜菌种接种营养肉汤培养18h作为原菌液,取0.1mL测定活菌数调整菌液浓度,用0.1mol/L的PBS稀释缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂和市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂,过滤除菌,4℃保存备用。
试验时先用营养肉汤倍比稀释,分为2组,每组分别加入1.0mL缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂和市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂,再分别加入1010CFU/L的菌液0.1mL、肺炎链球菌加兔血1滴,最终接种细菌量每管109CFU/L。
同时设空白对照管和阳性对照管(不加药),37℃培养18-24h,测定最低抑菌浓度MIC,见表8;将革兰阳性菌分别滴入缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂与市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂,测定其抗菌活性,见表9。
表8
表9
结果表明,体外培养试验中,缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼液的抗菌活性显著优于普通盐酸莫西沙星滴眼液。
二、体内试验
将接种于普通琼脂培养基平板上的金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肠球菌和血琼脂培养板的肺炎链球菌用接种环刮下,生理盐水分别配成2*1010CFU/L。用角膜环钻致家兔角膜损伤(双眼),家兔每眼感染细菌0.1mL,2d用无菌盐水棉球取眼睛分泌物,放入4mL无菌生理眼水瓶中,用琼脂平板培养法对其液体做细菌培养,同时进行炎症评分。
根据评分标准随机分组为缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂组、市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂组,治疗对照组(感染细菌+滴生理盐水),每组6只家兔;正常对照组(不造模,不感染细菌、滴生理盐水)2只。
每眼0.1mL,缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂组1次/d,其他各组3次/d,连续点药7d。每隔24h双眼进行一次评分,连续观察7d,评分结果做统计学t检验处理,并于给药前1d,给药后1、3、5、7d用无菌盐水棉签取眼分泌物做细菌培养,判定结果;第8天处死家兔,取角膜放入40g/L甲醛中固定做病理切片,HE染色检查。兔眼分泌物评分标准和评分结果分别见表10和表11。
表10
组别 | 0天 | 1天 | 5天 | 7天 |
缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼液 | 38 | 32 | 16 | 8 |
普通盐酸莫西沙星滴眼液 | 36 | 31 | 15 | 7 |
治疗对照组 | 35 | 32 | 33 | 30 |
正常对照组 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
表11
病理切片:释型型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼液和市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼液组的角膜各层结构基本完整,伤口表面被复层鳞状上皮覆盖,伤口处有纤维组织增生,伤口瘢痕性愈合,未见炎细胞浸润;未治疗对照组感染后,兔眼均显示角膜水肿,血管扩张充血,伤口未愈合并有溃疡,有大量炎细胞浸润及坏死组织;正常对照组角膜完好无损。
结果表明,在整体水平上,缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂(每天给药1次)和市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂(每天给药3次)均能够治疗家兔细菌感染的角膜损伤,但缓释型盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂每日给药次数较少,而且疗效明显优于市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂。
本发明的缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼用凝胶和缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼膏在其稳定性、释放度、在眼部的药代动力学特征和参数,以及对结膜炎炎等眼部炎症的治疗效果方面显著优于市售盐酸莫西沙星滴眼剂。
显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例,本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域及相关领域的普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应属于本发明保护的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种缓释剂,其特征在于,其有效成分为由Transcol HP、聚山梨酯80和氢化蓖麻油混合制成的聚合物,Transcol HP、聚山梨酯80和氢化蓖麻油的质量比为0.25-2.0∶0.05-1.0∶0.01-2.0。
2.一种盐酸莫西沙星缓释液,其特征在于,由盐酸莫西沙星和权利要求1所述的缓释剂混合制成,具体制备方法为:取Transcol HP,40-50℃水浴条件下加入氢化蓖麻油和聚山梨酯80并搅拌,待全部溶解后,冷却至室温,加入少量注射用水,搅拌待溶液澄清后,逐步加入注射用水至全量。
3.一种缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼用制剂,其特征在于,由权利要求2所述的盐酸莫西沙星缓释液和辅料混合制成,辅料用于将眼用制剂制备成适于眼部外用的剂型,剂型种类包括但不限于滴眼液、眼用凝胶、眼药膏;其中,盐酸莫西沙星含量为0.1-5%,盐酸莫西沙星与缓释剂聚合物的质量比为1:0.5-5.0。
4.根据权利要求3所述的缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼用制剂,其特征在于,盐酸莫西沙星含量为0.5-2%,盐酸莫西沙星与缓释剂聚合物的质量比为1:1-2。
5.根据权利要求3所述的缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼用制剂,其特征在于,剂型为滴眼液或眼用凝胶,辅料包括络合稳定剂、pH调节剂和注射用水;pH调节剂为氢氧化钠、盐酸、硼酸、硼砂中任何一种或多种的组合,使用pH调节剂将成品药剂的pH值调节为5.5-7.5。
6.根据权利要求5所述的缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼用制剂,其特征在于,所述络合稳定剂为依地酸二钠和/或依地酸四钠,盐酸莫西沙星与络合稳定剂的质量比为1.0:0.02-0.5。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼用制剂,其特征在于,剂型为滴眼液,辅料还包括渗透压调节剂,所述渗透压调节剂为氯化钠和/或甘露醇,使用渗透压调节剂将滴眼液的渗透压摩尔浓度调节为250-350mOsmol/kg。
8.根据权利要求5或6所述的缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼用制剂,其特征在于,剂型为眼用凝胶,辅料还包括增稠剂,所述增稠剂为甲基纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素和玻璃酸钠的一种或多种的组合。
9.根据权利要求3所述的缓释型盐酸莫西沙星眼用制剂,其特征在于,剂型为眼药膏,辅料包括无水羊毛脂、液状石蜡、黄凡士林和注射用水;盐酸莫西沙星、缓释剂聚合物、无水羊毛脂、液状石蜡、黄凡士林的质量比为1:0.5-5.0:8-15:2-10:75-95。
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