CN110333539B - Nondestructive testing system and method for power distribution network tower chassis, chuck and pull disc - Google Patents
Nondestructive testing system and method for power distribution network tower chassis, chuck and pull disc Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于地下金属探测领域，更具体地，涉及一种配电网杆塔底盘、卡盘和拉盘的无损检测系统及方法。The present invention belongs to the field of underground metal detection, and more specifically, relates to a non-destructive detection system and method for a chassis, a chuck and a pull plate of a distribution network pole tower.
背景技术Background technique
架空配电网线路作为城市基础设施，对接地网施工质量有严苛的要求。电力输电线路工程的主要施工内容是埋设配电网地下杆塔，为了高效检验杆塔在地下的底、拉、卡盘等部件是否按照要求埋设，采用非开挖的技术提高检测效率，对实现配电网杆塔底、拉、卡盘的施工质检具有重要意义。As an urban infrastructure, overhead distribution network lines have strict requirements on the construction quality of grounding grids. The main construction content of power transmission line projects is to bury underground distribution network poles and towers. In order to efficiently inspect whether the bottom, pull, and chuck components of the towers are buried in accordance with the requirements, the use of trenchless technology to improve the detection efficiency is of great significance to the construction quality inspection of the bottom, pull, and chuck of the distribution network towers.
开挖检测是针对配电网杆塔底盘、拉盘和卡盘埋深的传统检测方法，将配电网杆塔埋设区域的土壤挖开，使杆塔底、拉、卡盘结构裸露出来，并通过直接测量的方法，得到底、拉、卡盘的埋深。Excavation detection is a traditional detection method for the buried depth of the chassis, pull plate and clamp of the distribution network tower. The soil in the buried area of the distribution network tower is dug up to expose the bottom, pull plate and clamp structure of the tower, and the buried depth of the bottom, pull plate and clamp is obtained through direct measurement.
由于配电网杆塔底盘、拉盘和卡盘具有一定埋设深度，开挖检测需要利用挖掘机等重型机械，检测成本高，且检测周期长。另外，由于城市化速度的加快，配电网杆塔底盘、拉盘和卡盘在地下的布局错综复杂，二次检测过程可能会对已埋设的杆塔底、拉、卡盘带来损伤，影响原有施工效果。Since the chassis, pull plates and chucks of distribution network towers have a certain buried depth, excavation inspection requires the use of heavy machinery such as excavators, which has high inspection costs and long inspection cycles. In addition, due to the accelerated pace of urbanization, the underground layout of the chassis, pull plates and chucks of distribution network towers is intricate, and the secondary inspection process may cause damage to the buried tower bottom, pull plates and chucks, affecting the original construction effect.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对现有技术的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种配电网杆塔底盘、卡盘和拉盘的无损检测系统及方法，旨在解决对配电网杆塔底盘、卡盘和拉盘的无损检测采用传统的开挖检测导致检测效率较低的问题。In view of the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a system and method for non-destructive testing of the chassis, chucks and pull plates of distribution network pole towers, aiming to solve the problem of low detection efficiency caused by traditional excavation detection for non-destructive testing of the chassis, chucks and pull plates of distribution network pole towers.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种配电网杆塔底盘、卡盘和拉盘的无损检测系统，包括：发射线圈、接收线圈、发射模块、接收模块、信号采集模块和嵌入式模块；To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a nondestructive testing system for the chassis, chuck and pull plate of a distribution network tower, comprising: a transmitting coil, a receiving coil, a transmitting module, a receiving module, a signal acquisition module and an embedded module;
信号采集模块的输入端并联于接收线圈的两个输入端；其输出端连接嵌入式模块的输入端；The input end of the signal acquisition module is connected in parallel to the two input ends of the receiving coil; the output end thereof is connected to the input end of the embedded module;
发射模块与发射线圈串联；接收模块与接收线圈串联；The transmitting module is connected in series with the transmitting coil; the receiving module is connected in series with the receiving coil;
发射线圈用于产生一次空间电磁场；发射模块用于为发射线圈提供脉冲电流源；The transmitting coil is used to generate a space electromagnetic field; the transmitting module is used to provide a pulse current source for the transmitting coil;
接收线圈用于将接收的一次空间电磁场基于电磁感应原理产生感应电动势；接收模块用于与接收线圈形成电流通路；The receiving coil is used to generate an induced electromotive force based on the electromagnetic induction principle from the received primary spatial electromagnetic field; the receiving module is used to form a current path with the receiving coil;
信号采集模块用于采集接收线圈产生的感应电动势；嵌入式模块用于将感应电动势的波形与标准件的反馈波形对比，获取配电网杆塔底盘、卡盘和拉盘的埋深情况。The signal acquisition module is used to collect the induced electromotive force generated by the receiving coil; the embedded module is used to compare the waveform of the induced electromotive force with the feedback waveform of the standard part to obtain the buried depth of the distribution network tower chassis, clamping plate and pulling plate.
优选地，感应电动势为： Preferably, the induced electromotive force is:
其中，v1(t)'为接收线圈两端的感应电动势；i1'(t)为发射线圈的关断电流；M12'为检测杆塔底盘、拉盘和卡盘结构时，发射线圈和接收线圈之间的等效互感；Among them, v 1 (t)' is the induced electromotive force at both ends of the receiving coil; i 1 '(t) is the cut-off current of the transmitting coil; M 12 ' is the equivalent mutual inductance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil when detecting the tower chassis, pull plate and chuck structure;
优选地，发射模块包括：蓄电池、第一带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管、电容器和第一电阻器；Preferably, the transmitting module comprises: a battery, a first insulated gate bipolar transistor with an anti-parallel diode, a capacitor and a first resistor;
蓄电池与第一带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管串联，第一电阻器与电容器并联后与蓄电池串联；The battery is connected in series with the first insulated gate bipolar transistor with an anti-parallel diode, and the first resistor is connected in parallel with the capacitor and then connected in series with the battery;
第一带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管串联用于控制施加激励的时间；第一电阻器和电容器用于在第一带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管关断后提供续流通路。The first insulated gate bipolar transistor with an anti-parallel diode is connected in series to control the time of applying the excitation; the first resistor and the capacitor are used to provide a freewheeling path after the first insulated gate bipolar transistor with an anti-parallel diode is turned off.
优选地，接收模块包括：第二带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管、第二电阻器以及第三二极管；Preferably, the receiving module comprises: a second insulated gate bipolar transistor with an anti-parallel diode, a second resistor and a third diode;
第二电阻器和第三二极管串联后并联在接收线圈的两端，并与第二带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管串联；The second resistor and the third diode are connected in series and then connected in parallel at both ends of the receiving coil, and are connected in series with the second insulated gate bipolar transistor with an anti-parallel diode;
第二带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管用于控制接收模块的开通和关断状态；第二电阻器和第三二极管的串联回路用于钳位接收线圈两端的电压。The second insulated gate bipolar transistor with an anti-parallel diode is used to control the on and off states of the receiving module; the series loop of the second resistor and the third diode is used to clamp the voltage across the receiving coil.
优选地，嵌入式模块对比感应电动势的波形与标准件的反馈波形的幅值或斜率或幅值与斜率的组合；Preferably, the embedded module compares the waveform of the induced electromotive force with the amplitude or slope or a combination of the amplitude and slope of the feedback waveform of the standard part;
优选地，发射线圈和接收线圈均为多匝多层结构；Preferably, both the transmitting coil and the receiving coil are multi-turn and multi-layer structures;
优选地，标准件的反馈波形类型包括：只有底盘的反馈波形，只有拉盘的反馈波形，只有卡盘的反馈波形，包含底盘、拉盘和卡盘至少两种的反馈波形。Preferably, the feedback waveform types of the standard parts include: feedback waveform of only the chassis, feedback waveform of only the pull plate, feedback waveform of only the chuck, and feedback waveforms of at least two types of chassis, pull plate and chuck.
另一方面，本发明提供了一种配电网杆塔底盘、拉盘和卡盘的无损检测方法，包括：On the other hand, the present invention provides a non-destructive testing method for a distribution network tower chassis, a pull plate and a chuck, comprising:
(1)在发射线圈上施加脉冲电流源，获取一次空间感应电磁场；(1) Apply a pulse current source to the transmitting coil to obtain a spatial induced electromagnetic field;
(2)接收线圈在一次空间感应电磁场的作用下产生感应电动势；(2) The receiving coil generates an induced electromotive force under the action of the primary spatial induced electromagnetic field;
(3)将感应电动势的波形与标准件的反馈波形作对比，获取配电网杆塔底盘、卡盘和拉盘的深埋情况；(3) Compare the waveform of the induced electromotive force with the feedback waveform of the standard part to obtain the burial depth of the distribution network tower chassis, clamping plate and pull plate;
优选地，感应电动势为： Preferably, the induced electromotive force is:
其中，v1(t)'为接收线圈两端的感应电动势；i1'(t)为发射线圈的关断电流；M12'为检测杆塔底盘、拉盘和卡盘结构时，发射线圈和接收线圈之间的等效互感；Among them, v 1 (t)' is the induced electromotive force at both ends of the receiving coil; i 1 '(t) is the cut-off current of the transmitting coil; M 12 ' is the equivalent mutual inductance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil when detecting the tower chassis, pull plate and chuck structure;
优选地，标准件的反馈波形类型包括只有底盘的反馈波形，只有拉盘的反馈波形，只有卡盘的反馈波形，包含底盘、拉盘和卡盘至少两种的反馈波形。Preferably, the feedback waveform types of the standard part include feedback waveforms of only the chassis, feedback waveforms of only the pull plate, feedback waveforms of only the chuck, and feedback waveforms of at least two types of chassis, pull plate and chuck.
通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案，与现有技术相比，能够取得以下Compared with the prior art, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention can achieve the following
有益效果：Beneficial effects:
1、本发明通过在发射线圈中通入脉冲电流源，由于发射线圈和接收线圈之间的互感作用，发射线圈周围产生一次电磁场并在接收线圈上产生一次感应电动势，配电网杆塔底、拉、卡盘的存在会改变发射线圈和接收线圈之间的磁路，影响发射线圈和接收线圈之间的电磁耦合作用，使得接收线圈上的采集信号变变化。由于此电动势差异来源于配电网杆塔底、拉、卡盘的分布，包含其分布状态信息，因此通过将接收线圈上采集的感应电动势波形v1(t)'与标准件的感应电动势波形v1(t)”对比，即可得到配电网杆塔底、拉、卡盘的埋设情况，本发明与传统开挖检测相比，检测过程无需二次施工，检测周期较短，提升了检测效率。1. The present invention introduces a pulse current source into the transmitting coil. Due to the mutual inductance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, an electromagnetic field is generated around the transmitting coil and an induced electromotive force is generated on the receiving coil. The presence of the bottom, pull and chuck of the distribution network tower will change the magnetic circuit between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, affecting the electromagnetic coupling between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, so that the collected signal on the receiving coil changes. Since this electromotive force difference comes from the distribution of the bottom, pull and chuck of the distribution network tower, and contains its distribution state information, by comparing the induced electromotive force waveform v 1 (t)' collected on the receiving coil with the induced electromotive force waveform v 1 (t)" of the standard part, the buried situation of the bottom, pull and chuck of the distribution network tower can be obtained. Compared with traditional excavation detection, the detection process of the present invention does not require secondary construction, the detection cycle is shorter, and the detection efficiency is improved.
2、本发明提供的配电网杆塔底盘、卡盘和拉盘的无损检测系统及方法在检测过程中无需使用挖掘机等重型机械，不会破坏土壤地质，也不存在影响原有施工效果的风险，检测成本更低且检测安全性更高。2. The nondestructive testing system and method for the chassis, chuck and pull plate of the distribution network tower provided by the present invention do not require the use of heavy machinery such as excavators during the testing process, will not damage the soil geology, and does not pose a risk of affecting the original construction effect. The testing cost is lower and the testing safety is higher.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是本发明提供的基于瞬变电磁法的配电网杆塔底盘、拉盘和卡盘的无损检测系统示意图；1 is a schematic diagram of a nondestructive testing system for a distribution network tower chassis, a pull plate and a chuck based on a transient electromagnetic method provided by the present invention;
图2是本发明提供的发射线圈和接收线圈的放置图；FIG2 is a diagram showing the placement of a transmitting coil and a receiving coil provided by the present invention;
图3是本发明提供的发射线圈和接收线圈的俯视图；FIG3 is a top view of a transmitting coil and a receiving coil provided by the present invention;
图4是本发明提供的发射线圈和接收线圈的剖面图；FIG4 is a cross-sectional view of a transmitting coil and a receiving coil provided by the present invention;
图5是本发明提供的发射模块的内部结构图；FIG5 is an internal structure diagram of a transmitting module provided by the present invention;
图6是本发明提供的接收模块的内部结构图；FIG6 is an internal structure diagram of a receiving module provided by the present invention;
标号说明：Description of labels:
1-发射线圈；2-接收线圈；3-发射模块；4-接收模块；5-信号采集模块；6-嵌入式模块；7-杆塔底盘；8-拉盘；9-卡盘；10-杆塔底盘的埋深；11-拉盘的埋深；12-卡盘的埋深；13-土壤层；14-配电网杆塔；15-发射线圈的进线端；16-发射线圈的出线端；17-接收线圈的进线端；18-接收线圈的出线端；19-信号采集模块与接收线圈并联的一个引线端；20-信号采集模块与接收线圈并联的另一个引线端；21-发射线圈和接收线圈的垂直距离；22-发射线圈和接收线圈的横向距离；23-发射线圈的内径；24-接收线圈的内径；25-发射线圈的外径；26-接收线圈的外径；27-发射线圈的电流流进方向；28-发射线圈的电流流出方向；29-接收线圈的电流流进方向；30-接收线圈的电流流出方向；31-蓄电池；32-第一带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管；33-电容器；34-第一电阻器；35-第一二极管；36-第二二极管；37-第二带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管；38-第二电阻器；39-第三二极管。1-transmitting coil; 2-receiving coil; 3-transmitting module; 4-receiving module; 5-signal acquisition module; 6-embedded module; 7-pole tower chassis; 8-pull plate; 9-chuck; 10-the buried depth of the pole tower chassis; 11-the buried depth of the pull plate; 12-the buried depth of the chuck; 13-soil layer; 14-distribution network pole tower; 15-the incoming line end of the transmitting coil; 16-the outgoing line end of the transmitting coil; 17-the incoming line end of the receiving coil; 18-the outgoing line end of the receiving coil; 19-a lead end of the signal acquisition module in parallel with the receiving coil; 20-the other lead end of the signal acquisition module in parallel with the receiving coil; 21-the vertical distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil; 22 - lateral distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil; 23 - inner diameter of the transmitting coil; 24 - inner diameter of the receiving coil; 25 - outer diameter of the transmitting coil; 26 - outer diameter of the receiving coil; 27 - current inflow direction of the transmitting coil; 28 - current outflow direction of the transmitting coil; 29 - current inflow direction of the receiving coil; 30 - current outflow direction of the receiving coil; 31 - battery; 32 - first insulated gate bipolar transistor with anti-parallel diode; 33 - capacitor; 34 - first resistor; 35 - first diode; 36 - second diode; 37 - second insulated gate bipolar transistor with anti-parallel diode; 38 - second resistor; 39 - third diode.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
如图1所示，本发明提供了一种配电网杆塔底盘、卡盘和拉盘的无损检测系统，包括：发射线圈1、接收线圈2、发射模块3、接收模块4、信号采集模块5和嵌入式模块6；As shown in FIG1 , the present invention provides a nondestructive testing system for a distribution network tower chassis, a chuck and a pull plate, comprising: a transmitting coil 1, a receiving coil 2, a transmitting module 3, a receiving module 4, a signal acquisition module 5 and an embedded module 6;
信号采集模块5的输入端并联于接收线圈2的两个输入端；其输出端连接嵌入式模块6的输入端；The input end of the signal acquisition module 5 is connected in parallel to the two input ends of the receiving coil 2; its output end is connected to the input end of the embedded module 6;
发射模块3与发射线圈1串联；接收模块4与接收线圈2串联；The transmitting module 3 is connected in series with the transmitting coil 1; the receiving module 4 is connected in series with the receiving coil 2;
发射线圈1用于产生一次空间电磁场；发射模块3用于为发射线圈1提供脉冲电流源；The transmitting coil 1 is used to generate a primary space electromagnetic field; the transmitting module 3 is used to provide a pulse current source for the transmitting coil 1;
接收线圈2用于将接收的一次空间电磁场基于电磁感应原理产生感应电动势；接收模块4用于与接收线圈2形成电流通路；The receiving coil 2 is used to generate an induced electromotive force based on the electromagnetic induction principle from the received primary spatial electromagnetic field; the receiving module 4 is used to form a current path with the receiving coil 2;
信号采集模块5用于采集接收线圈2产生的感应电动势；嵌入式模块6用于将感应电动势的波形与标准件的反馈波形对比，获取配电网杆塔底盘7、卡盘9和拉盘8的埋深情况。The signal acquisition module 5 is used to collect the induced electromotive force generated by the receiving coil 2; the embedded module 6 is used to compare the waveform of the induced electromotive force with the feedback waveform of the standard part to obtain the buried depth of the distribution network tower chassis 7, the chuck 9 and the pull plate 8.
图1中标号10、11、12分别表示杆塔底盘、拉盘以及卡盘的埋深；13和14分别表示土壤层和配电网杆塔；15和16分别表示发射线圈1的进线端和出线端；信号采集模块与接收线圈并联的一个引线端19和信号采集模块与接收线圈并联的另一个引线端20为信号采集模块5与接收线圈并联的两个引线端；In FIG1 , reference numerals 10, 11, and 12 respectively indicate the buried depths of the tower chassis, the pull plate, and the chuck; 13 and 14 respectively indicate the soil layer and the distribution network tower; 15 and 16 respectively indicate the incoming and outgoing terminals of the transmitting coil 1; a lead terminal 19 of the signal acquisition module connected in parallel with the receiving coil and another lead terminal 20 of the signal acquisition module connected in parallel with the receiving coil are two lead terminals of the signal acquisition module 5 connected in parallel with the receiving coil;
感应电动势为： The induced electromotive force is:
其中，v1(t)'为接收线圈两端的感应电动势；i1'(t)为发射线圈的关断电流；M12'为检测杆塔底盘、拉盘和卡盘结构时，发射线圈和接收线圈之间的等效互感；Among them, v 1 (t)' is the induced electromotive force at both ends of the receiving coil; i 1 '(t) is the cut-off current of the transmitting coil; M 12 ' is the equivalent mutual inductance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil when detecting the tower chassis, pull plate and chuck structure;
图2为发射线圈1和接收线圈2相对位置以及实物简要结构图。标号15和16分别表示发射线圈1的进线端和出线端；17和18分别表示接收线圈2的进线端和出线端；21和22分别表示发射线圈1和接收线圈2的垂直距离和横向距离。通过调整发射线圈1和接收线圈2的位置，改变两线圈的垂直距离21和横向距离22，可调节两线圈之间的互感；Figure 2 shows the relative position of the transmitting coil 1 and the receiving coil 2 and a simplified physical structure diagram. Reference numerals 15 and 16 respectively represent the input and output terminals of the transmitting coil 1; 17 and 18 respectively represent the input and output terminals of the receiving coil 2; 21 and 22 respectively represent the vertical distance and lateral distance between the transmitting coil 1 and the receiving coil 2. By adjusting the position of the transmitting coil 1 and the receiving coil 2, changing the vertical distance 21 and lateral distance 22 between the two coils, the mutual inductance between the two coils can be adjusted;
图3为发射线圈1和接收线圈2的俯视图，23和24分别为发射线圈1和接收线圈2的内径，25和26分别为发射线圈1和接收线圈2的外径；这四个参数确定发射线圈1和接收线圈2的尺寸大小以及横向相对位置；FIG3 is a top view of the transmitting coil 1 and the receiving coil 2, 23 and 24 are the inner diameters of the transmitting coil 1 and the receiving coil 2, 25 and 26 are the outer diameters of the transmitting coil 1 and the receiving coil 2, respectively; these four parameters determine the size and lateral relative position of the transmitting coil 1 and the receiving coil 2;
图4是发射线圈1和接收线圈2的剖面图举例，发射线圈1和接收线圈2可设计成多匝多层的结构，其层数、匝数以及电流流通方向均对检测效果有影响，标号27和28分别表示发射线圈1中的电流流进方向、电流流出方向；标号29和30分别表示接收线圈2中的电流流进方向和电流流出方向；FIG4 is an example of a cross-sectional view of the transmitting coil 1 and the receiving coil 2. The transmitting coil 1 and the receiving coil 2 can be designed to have a multi-turn and multi-layer structure. The number of layers, the number of turns and the current flow direction all have an impact on the detection effect. Reference numerals 27 and 28 respectively represent the current flow direction and the current flow direction in the transmitting coil 1; reference numerals 29 and 30 respectively represent the current flow direction and the current flow direction in the receiving coil 2;
图5是发射模块的示意图，发射模块包括：蓄电池31、第一带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管32、电容器33、第一电阻器34、第一二极管35和第二二极管36，FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a transmitting module, which includes: a battery 31, a first insulated gate bipolar transistor 32 with an anti-parallel diode, a capacitor 33, a first resistor 34, a first diode 35 and a second diode 36.
蓄电池31与第一带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管32串联，第一电阻器34与电容器33并联后与蓄电池31串联；The battery 31 is connected in series with a first insulated gate bipolar transistor 32 with an anti-parallel diode, and the first resistor 34 is connected in parallel with the capacitor 33 and then connected in series with the battery 31;
第一带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管32串联用于控制施加激励的时间；第一电阻器34和电容器33用于在第一带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管32关断后提供续流通路；The first insulated gate bipolar transistor 32 with an anti-parallel diode is connected in series to control the time of applying the excitation; the first resistor 34 and the capacitor 33 are used to provide a freewheeling path after the first insulated gate bipolar transistor 32 with an anti-parallel diode is turned off;
蓄电池31对接收线圈2提供能量，检测系统开始工作时，第一带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管32和第二二极管36开通，发射线圈1与蓄电池31形成通路，发射线圈1电流从零开始增大，到最大值后维持一段平顶；第一带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管32关断后，发射线圈1与第一电阻器34、第一二极管35形成续流回路，对电容器33反向充电，由于电容器33的电容值较小，发射线圈1电流迅速谐振到零，第二二极管36关断，发射线圈电流维持为零不变，直至下一次第一带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管32导通，重复上述过程；The battery 31 provides energy to the receiving coil 2. When the detection system starts to work, the first insulated gate bipolar transistor 32 with an anti-parallel diode and the second diode 36 are turned on, and the transmitting coil 1 forms a path with the battery 31. The current of the transmitting coil 1 increases from zero, and maintains a flat top after reaching the maximum value; after the first insulated gate bipolar transistor 32 with an anti-parallel diode is turned off, the transmitting coil 1, the first resistor 34, and the first diode 35 form a freewheeling loop to reversely charge the capacitor 33. Since the capacitance value of the capacitor 33 is small, the current of the transmitting coil 1 quickly resonates to zero, and the second diode 36 is turned off. The current of the transmitting coil remains zero until the first insulated gate bipolar transistor 32 with an anti-parallel diode is turned on next time, and the above process is repeated;
图6为接收模块的示意图，接收模块包括：第二带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管37、第二电阻器38以及第三二极管39；FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a receiving module, which includes: a second insulated gate bipolar transistor with an anti-parallel diode 37, a second resistor 38 and a third diode 39;
第二电阻器38和第三二极管39串联后并联在接收线圈2的两端，并与第二带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管37串联；The second resistor 38 and the third diode 39 are connected in series and then connected in parallel at both ends of the receiving coil 2, and are connected in series with the second insulated gate bipolar transistor 37 with an anti-parallel diode;
第二带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管37用于控制接收模块4的开通和关断状态；第二电阻器38和第三二极管39的串联回路用于钳位接收线圈2两端的电压；The second insulated gate bipolar transistor 37 with an anti-parallel diode is used to control the on and off state of the receiving module 4; the series circuit of the second resistor 38 and the third diode 39 is used to clamp the voltage across the receiving coil 2;
当接收线圈2工作时，第二带反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极晶体管37开通，配电网杆塔底部金属部件所产生的感应磁场在接收线圈2两端的电压通过进线端17和出线端18与信号采集模块与接收线圈并联的一个引线端19和信号采集模块与接收线圈并联的另一个引线端20相连，将感应电动势出入信号采集模块5以及嵌入式模块6进行分析，通过与按施工要求埋设的标准件反馈的感应电场波形相比，得到配电网杆塔底盘、卡盘和拉盘的分布信息。When the receiving coil 2 is working, the second insulated gate bipolar transistor 37 with an anti-parallel diode is turned on, and the voltage at both ends of the receiving coil 2 caused by the induced magnetic field generated by the metal parts at the bottom of the distribution network tower is connected to a lead end 19 connected in parallel with the signal acquisition module and the receiving coil and another lead end 20 connected in parallel with the signal acquisition module and the receiving coil through the input terminal 17 and the output terminal 18. The induced electromotive force is input and output into the signal acquisition module 5 and the embedded module 6 for analysis, and the distribution information of the chassis, chuck and pull plate of the distribution network tower is obtained by comparing with the induced electric field waveform fed back by the standard parts buried according to the construction requirements.
优选地，嵌入式模块对比感应电动势的波形与标准件的反馈波形的幅值或斜率或幅值与斜率的组合；Preferably, the embedded module compares the waveform of the induced electromotive force with the amplitude or slope or a combination of the amplitude and slope of the feedback waveform of the standard part;
标准件的反馈波形类型包括只有底盘的反馈波形，只有拉盘的反馈波形，只有卡盘的反馈波形，包含底盘、拉盘和卡盘至少两种的反馈波形。The feedback waveform types of standard parts include feedback waveforms of only the chassis, feedback waveforms of only the pull plate, feedback waveforms of only the chuck, and feedback waveforms of at least two types of chassis, pull plate and chuck.
另一方面，本发明提供了一种配电网杆塔底盘、拉盘和卡盘的无损检测方法，包括：On the other hand, the present invention provides a non-destructive testing method for a distribution network tower chassis, a pull plate and a chuck, comprising:
(1)在发射线圈上施加脉冲电流源，获取一次空间感应电磁场；(1) Apply a pulse current source to the transmitting coil to obtain a spatial induced electromagnetic field;
(2)接收线圈在一次空间感应电磁场的作用下产生感应电动势；(2) The receiving coil generates an induced electromotive force under the action of the primary spatial induced electromagnetic field;
(3)将感应电动势的波形与标准件的反馈波形作对比，获取配电网杆塔底盘、卡盘和拉盘的深埋情况；(3) Compare the waveform of the induced electromotive force with the feedback waveform of the standard part to obtain the depth of burial of the distribution network tower chassis, clamping plate and pull plate;
优选地，感应电动势为： Preferably, the induced electromotive force is:
其中，v1(t)'为接收线圈两端的感应电动势；i1'(t)为发射线圈的关断电流；M12'为检测杆塔底盘、拉盘和卡盘结构时，发射线圈和接收线圈之间的等效互感；Among them, v 1 (t)' is the induced electromotive force at both ends of the receiving coil; i 1 '(t) is the cut-off current of the transmitting coil; M 12 ' is the equivalent mutual inductance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil when detecting the tower chassis, pull plate and chuck structure;
优选地，标准件的反馈波形类型包括只有底盘的反馈波形，只有拉盘的反馈波形，只有卡盘的反馈波形，包含底盘、拉盘和卡盘至少两种的反馈波形；Preferably, the feedback waveform types of the standard parts include feedback waveforms of only the chassis, feedback waveforms of only the pull plate, feedback waveforms of only the chuck, and feedback waveforms of at least two types of chassis, pull plate and chuck;
在实际检测过程中，向发射线圈1施加脉冲电流源，由于发射线圈1和接收线圈2之间存在互感，接收线圈2上会产生一次感应电动势v1(t)，根据电磁感应原理，当脉冲电流关断瞬间，发射线圈1周围会产生一次脉冲磁场，并向周围空间扩散；In the actual detection process, a pulse current source is applied to the transmitting coil 1. Due to the mutual inductance between the transmitting coil 1 and the receiving coil 2, an induced electromotive force v 1 (t) is generated on the receiving coil 2. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, when the pulse current is turned off, a pulse magnetic field is generated around the transmitting coil 1 and spreads to the surrounding space.
当地下存在杆塔底盘7、拉盘8和卡盘9时，在一次电磁场的作用下，杆塔底盘、拉盘和卡盘中的钢筋(或其他金属成分)中会影响发射线圈1和接收线圈2之间的磁路，发射线圈1和接收线圈2之间的互感将变为M12'，发射线圈1上的实际采集电动势为v1(t)'，按施工要求埋设的标准件反馈的感应电动势波形为v1(t)”，根据电磁感应定律，可得：When there are tower chassis 7, pull plate 8 and chuck 9 underground, under the action of the primary electromagnetic field, the steel bars (or other metal components) in the tower chassis, pull plate and chuck will affect the magnetic circuit between the transmitting coil 1 and the receiving coil 2, and the mutual inductance between the transmitting coil 1 and the receiving coil 2 will become M 12 '. The actual collected electromotive force on the transmitting coil 1 is v 1 (t)', and the induced electromotive force waveform fed back by the standard parts buried according to the construction requirements is v 1 (t)'. According to the law of electromagnetic induction, it can be obtained:
其中，di1'(t)为发射线圈1上的关断电流，v1(t)'是由实际测量过程中配电网杆塔底盘、拉盘和卡盘参与构成磁路，影响接收线圈2和发射线圈1之间电磁耦合作用产生的；Among them, di 1 '(t) is the off current on the transmitting coil 1, and v 1 (t)' is caused by the electromagnetic coupling between the receiving coil 2 and the transmitting coil 1 caused by the chassis, pull plate and chuck of the distribution network tower participating in the magnetic circuit during the actual measurement process;
当各种型号的配电网底盘、拉盘和卡盘按照标准施工时，通过向发射线圈1施加电流激励，接收线圈2两端的电压通过进线端17和出线端18与信号采集模块与接收线圈并联的一个引线端19和信号采集模块与接收线圈并联的另一个引线端20相连，将采集到的不同型号配置下标准件的反馈波形v1(t)”传入信号采集模块5以及嵌入式模块6进行分析。通过将实际采集信号v1(t)'和标准件的反馈波形v1(t)”对比，可得到杆塔待检测部件的相关信息。例如：首先将v1(t)'与不存在配电网杆塔底盘、拉盘和卡盘时的标准反馈波形v1(t)对比，通过幅值、斜率等波形参数差异判断待检测杆塔底盘、拉盘和卡盘的组合形式(只有杆塔底盘7、拉盘8、卡盘9中的一种或杆塔底盘7、拉盘8和卡盘9中的至少两种)；然后将v1(t)'与标准施工数据库中该组合形式下标准件的反馈波形v1(t)”进行对比，通过波形幅值、斜率等波形参数特性判断各部件的埋深、腐蚀程度等信息。综上，本发明提供的配电网杆塔底盘、拉盘和卡盘的无损检测方法可以在非开挖的条件下，高效校验配电网杆塔是否按照要求设埋。When various types of distribution network chassis, pull plates and chucks are constructed according to the standards, by applying current excitation to the transmitting coil 1, the voltage across the receiving coil 2 is connected to a lead terminal 19 connected in parallel with the signal acquisition module and the receiving coil and another lead terminal 20 connected in parallel with the signal acquisition module and the receiving coil through the input terminal 17 and the output terminal 18, and the collected feedback waveform v 1 (t)" of the standard parts under different model configurations is transmitted to the signal acquisition module 5 and the embedded module 6 for analysis. By comparing the actual collected signal v 1 (t)' with the feedback waveform v 1 (t)" of the standard part, the relevant information of the tower component to be detected can be obtained. For example: first, v 1 (t)' is compared with the standard feedback waveform v 1 (t) when there is no distribution network tower chassis, pull plate and chuck, and the combination form of the tower chassis, pull plate and chuck to be detected is judged by the difference in waveform parameters such as amplitude and slope (only one of the tower chassis 7, pull plate 8, chuck 9 or at least two of the tower chassis 7, pull plate 8 and chuck 9); then v 1 (t)' is compared with the feedback waveform v 1 (t)" of the standard part under the combination form in the standard construction database, and the information such as the burial depth and corrosion degree of each component is judged by the waveform parameter characteristics such as waveform amplitude and slope. In summary, the non-destructive detection method for the distribution network tower chassis, pull plate and chuck provided by the present invention can efficiently verify whether the distribution network tower is buried as required under non-excavation conditions.
综上，本发明通过在发射线圈中通入脉冲电流源，由于发射线圈和接收线圈之间的互感作用，发射线圈周围产生一次电磁场并在接收线圈上产生一次感应电动势，配电网杆塔底、拉、卡盘的存在会改变发射线圈和接收线圈之间的磁路，影响发射线圈和接收线圈之间的电磁耦合作用，使得接收线圈上的采集信号变变化。由于此电动势差异来源于配电网杆塔底、拉、卡盘的分布，包含其分布状态信息，因此通过将接收线圈上采集的感应电动势波形v1(t)'与标准件的感应电动势波形v1(t)”对比，即可得到配电网杆塔底、拉、卡盘的埋设情况，本发明与传统开挖检测相比，检测过程无需二次施工，检测周期较短，提升了检测效率。In summary, the present invention generates an electromagnetic field around the transmitting coil and an induced electromotive force on the receiving coil due to the mutual inductance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil by passing a pulse current source through the transmitting coil. The existence of the bottom, pull and chuck of the distribution network pole tower will change the magnetic circuit between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, affecting the electromagnetic coupling between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, so that the collected signal on the receiving coil changes. Since this electromotive force difference comes from the distribution of the bottom, pull and chuck of the distribution network pole tower, and contains its distribution state information, by comparing the induced electromotive force waveform v 1 (t)' collected on the receiving coil with the induced electromotive force waveform v 1 (t)" of the standard part, the buried situation of the bottom, pull and chuck of the distribution network pole tower can be obtained. Compared with traditional excavation detection, the detection process of the present invention does not require secondary construction, the detection cycle is shorter, and the detection efficiency is improved.
本发明提供的配电网杆塔底盘、卡盘和拉盘的无损检测系统及方法在检测过程中无需使用挖掘机等重型机械，不会破坏土壤地质，也不存在影响原有施工效果的风险，检测成本更低且检测安全性更高。The nondestructive testing system and method for the chassis, chuck and pull plate of the distribution network tower provided by the present invention do not require the use of heavy machinery such as excavators during the testing process, will not damage the soil geology, and does not pose a risk of affecting the original construction effect. The testing cost is lower and the testing safety is higher.
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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